PAS SANS LE SUJET
II. 2 – Le clivage du sujet
Apesar das limitações acima referidas, considero que este estudo apresenta algumas potencialidades. Em primeiro lugar, o facto de se recolher dados com uma amostra de agressores conjugais identificados pelo Ministério Público, cujo acesso é difícil e os participantes demonstram-se relutantes em colaborar. Apresenta-se também como um estudo exploratório na relação das dimensões Crenças, Atribuições Causais e Reincidência em Portugal. Os elevados níveis de consistência interna obtidos no instrumento E.C.V.C., permitem-nos ainda garantir a precisão com que este avaliou a legitimação das crenças, bem como a forma como a amostra se apresentou homogénea.
De acordo com a revisão da literatura existem evidências para a complexidade da etiologia da violência conjugal, que decorre da interação de inúmeros fatores (Dixon & Graham-Kevan, 2011). Parecendo assim que a construção de um modelo global para a compreensão da violência por parceiro íntimo, que integre todos os fatores e respetivas interações, é uma tarefa desafiadora mas também essencial para a construção de programas de prevenção e intervenção.
Ao nível de investigações futuras parece pertinente que, para além de se garantir a aleatorização dos participantes e a sua representatividade, se opte por um desenho de estudo de tipo sequencial, que permita uma compreensão dos fenómenos aqui abordados desde a identificação dos agressores pelo Ministério Público, passando pelo cumprimento de medidas, até ao ano posterior do cumprimento de pena. Por exemplo, seria pertinente realizar um estudo com os participantes desta amostra decorrido um ano para compreender se as medidas aplicadas surtiram, efeitos no agressor conjugal, assim como possibilitar a identificação de comportamentos reincidentes e assim comparar com a avaliação de risco anterior realizada. Ainda relativamente a futuros estudos, seria relevante realizar a recolha de informação acerca destas mesmas variáveis com dois grupos distintos de agressores conjugais, os que estão sob suspensão provisória do processo e os que foram condenados a pena de prisão suspensa ou efetiva.
Um último aspeto, ao considerar-se a relação entre as variáveis abordadas nesta investigação, surge a necessidade de no futuro serem criados programas de intervenção ao nível da reconstrução de crenças nos vários níveis sociais, familiares e individuais, como por exemplo, campanhas de sensibilização e programas educativos. Poderá ser também pertinente elaborar-se intervenções psicológicas com agressores conjugais envolvendo estratégias cognitivo-comportamentais com o intuito de diminuir o risco de reincidência.
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