Primary Energy Production

The primary energy production in the period 2004 to 2009 is given in Table 2.2.1. Figure 2.2.1. shows the trends in primary energy production from 1988 as well as production forecasts to 2030. It is expected that in the future, fossil fuels production will gradually decrease, while the production of renewable energy sources is expected to grow. Renewables are expected to have an increasingly important role. In 2009 primary energy production increased by 7.1 percent from the previous year. Due to favorable hydrology, the energy from hydro power utilization increased by 31 percent. Also, the production from renewable energy sources increased by 29.8 percent, as well as the energy from fuel wood which was 5.6 percent higher. The energy from renewables included wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, biodiesel and landfill gas and biogas, while the energy from fuel wood also included energy from industrial wood waste, wood pallets, briquettes, and charcoal. In 2009 the production of crude oil decreased by 6.6 percent, and the production of natural gas by 0.6 percent .

Tablica | Table 2.2.1. Proizvodnja primarne energije | Primary energy production

2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2009./08. 2004.-09.

PJ %

Ogrjevno drvo

Fuel Wood 16,09 14,96 17,38 15,42 17,01 17,97 5,6 2,2

Sirova nafta

Crude Oil 42,44 40,11 38,90 37,27 35,42 33,07 -6,6 -4,9

Prirodni plin

Natural Gas 77,08 79,76 94,27 100,12 94,05 93,50 -0,6 3,9

Vodne snage

Hydro Power 69,00 62,40 58,18 42,21 50,19 65,77 31,0 -1,0

Obnovljivi izvori

Renewables 0,02 0,20 0,24 0,84 1,03 1,34 29,8 132,8

UKUPNO

TOTAL 204,62 197,42 208,96 195,87 197,70 211,64 7,1 0,7

Izvor | Source: EIHP

Slika | Figure 2.2.1. Proizvodnja primarne energije | Primary energy production Izvor | Source: EIHP

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

1988. 1990. 2000. 2010. 2020. 2030.

PJ

Ugljen | Coal

Drvo i biomasa | Biomass Sirova nafta | Crude Oil

Prirodni plin | Natural Gas Vodne snage | Hydro Power Obnovljivi izvori | Renewables

2004. godina Year: 2004 Tijekom šestogodišnjeg razdoblja od 2004. do 2009. godine

proizvodnja primarne energije u Hrvatskoj povećavala se s prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 0,7 posto. Najbrže je rasla proizvodnja energije iz obnovljivih izvora, gdje je zbog vrlo niske početne vrijednosti ostvarena godišnja stopa rasta od čak 132,8 posto. Također je ostvaren trend porasta proizvod-nje prirodnog plina i ogrjevnog drva, dok je u proizvodnji sirove nafte zabilježen trend smanjivanja proizvodnje s pro-sječnom godišnjom stopom od 4,9 posto. Proizvodnja prirod-nog plina povećavala se s prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 3,9 posto, a ogrjevnog drva 2,2 posto. Hidrološke prilike bile su u 2004. godini nešto povoljnije u odnosu na 2009. godinu tako da je u korištenju vodnih snaga ostvareno smanjenje s prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 1 posto.

Udjeli pojedinih oblika energije u ukupnoj proizvodnji primar-ne eprimar-nergije za dvije karakterističprimar-ne godiprimar-ne proteklog razdoblja i za 2030. godinu prikazani su na slici 2.2.2. U razdoblju od 2004. do 2009. godine povećan je udio prirodnog plina i ogr-jevnog drva. Udio prirodnog plina povećan je s 37,7 na 44,2 posto, a udio ogrjevnog drva s 7,9 na 8,5 posto. Također je u stalnom porastu bio i udio ostalih obnovljivih izvora energije (energija vjetra, biodizel, energija Sunca, geotermalna energi-ja, deponijski i bio plin) tako da su oni u 2009. godini sudje-lovali s 0,63 posto. Hidrološke prilike bila su takve da se udio vodnih snaga smanjio s 33,7 na 31,1 posto. Udio sirove nafte smanjen je za 5,1 posto te je u 2009. godini iznosio 15,6 posto. U razdoblju do 2030. godine udio fosilnih goriva postupno će se smanjivati tako da će prirodni plin i sirova nafta zajedno sudjelovati s približno 25 posto. Preostale tri četvrtine proizvodnje primarne energije činit će obnovljivi izvori energije pri čemu će udio vodnih snaga iznositi oko 32 posto, udio ogrjevnog drva i biomase 19,6 posto, a udio ostalih obnovljivih izvora 23,6 posto.

Over the six year period between 2004 and 2009 primary energy production in Croatia increased at an average annual rate of 0.7 percent. The fastest growth was in the energy production from renewables, where due to low basic levels the annual growth rate was as high as 132.8 percent. An increase was also recorded in natural gas production and fuel wood production, while crude oil production had a downward trend with an average annual rate of 4.9 percent. The produc-tion of natural gas increased by an average 3.9 percent per annum, and fuel wood production by 2.2 percent per annum . Hydrologic conditions in 2004 were somewhat more favora-ble than in 2009 so that the utilization of hydro power saw a decline at an annual average 1 percent .

Figure 2.2.2 shows the shares of specific energy forms in total primary energy production for two characteristic years of the observed period and for the year 2030. In the period 2004 to 2009 the shares of natural gas and fuel wood were increa-sed. The share of natural gas grew from 37.7 to 44.2 percent and the share of fuel wood from 7.9 to 8.5 percent. Also, the share of renewables was in constant increase (wind energy, biodiesel, solar energy, geothermal energy, landfill gas and biogas) so that in 2009 these energy sources made for 0.63 percent of total primary energy production. Hydrologic conditions were such that the share of hydro power dropped from 33.7 to 31.1 percent. The share of crude oil fell by 5.1 percent so that in 2009 it was 15.6 percent. In the period to 2030 the share of fossil fuels will gradually decrease and natural gas and crude oil combined will make approximately 25 percent of total primary energy production. The remaining three quarters would consist of renewable energy sources, where the share of hydro power will be about 32 percent, of fuel wood and biomass 19.6 percent, and the share of other renewables 23.6 percent.

Vodne snage | Hydro Power 33,7%

Obnovljivi izvori | Renewables 0,01%

Sirova nafta | Crude Oil 20,7%

Prirodni plin | Natural Gas 37,7%

Ogrjevno drvo | Fuel Wood 7,9%

2009. godina Year: 2009

2030. godina Year: 2030

Na četiri sljedeće slike prikazana je ukupna proizvodnja primarne energije i proizvodnja pojedinih primarnih oblika energije po stanovniku u Hrvatskoj te u četrdeset europskih zemalja uključujući Europsku uniju (EU 27), SAD i Japan. Uz ukupnu proizvodnju primarne energije prikazana je specifična proizvodnja prirodnog plina, sirove nafte i električne energije u hidroelektranama. U ukupnoj proizvodnji primarne energije, u koju je uključena i nuklearna, povoljnija situacija u odnosu na specifičnu proizvodnju u Hrvatskoj vidljiva je u dvadeset i šest zemalja, uglavnom zbog korištenja nuklearne energije u pojedinim zemljama. U proizvodnji prirodnog plina veća spe-cifična proizvodnja ostvarena je u šest zemalja, u proizvodnji sirove nafte u devet zemalja, uključujući i prosjek za Europsku uniju (EU 27) te u proizvodnji električne energije u hidroelek-tranama u osam zemalja.

The following four Figures show the total primary energy production and production of individual primary energy forms per inhabitant in Croatia and in 40 countries including European Union (EU 27), USA and Japan. In addition to pri-mary energy production, shown is the production of natural gas, crude oil, and hydro electricity. In total primary energy production, which includes nuclear energy, 26 countries had more favorable situation than Croatia when specific producti-on is cproducti-oncerned. This is mainly because of the use of nuclear energy in some of these countries. In natural gas production six countries had a higher specific production; nine countries in crude oil production including the EU average (EU27), and eight countries in hydro electricity production.

Slika | Figure 2.2.2. Udjeli u proizvodnji primarne energije | Shares in primary energy production Izvor | Source: EIHP

Vodne snage | Hydro Power 31,1%

Obnovljivi izvori | Renewables 0,63%

Prirodni plin | Natural Gas 44,2%

Ogrjevno drvo | Fuel Wood 8,5%

Sirova nafta | Crude Oil 15,6%

Ogrjevno drvo | Fuel Wood 19,6%

Obnovljivi izvori | Renewables 23,6%

Vodne snage | Hydro Power 31,9% Prirodni plin | Natural Gas 15,4%

Sirova nafta | Crude Oil 9,5%

Slika | Figure 2.2.3. Proizvodnja primarne energije po stanovniku | Primary energy production per capita Izvor | Source: EIHP

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000

NO IS RU US SE DK NL FI EE CZ GB CH FR SI AT PL

EU27 UA DE RS RO BG BE BA SK LT HR HU LV GR MK JP ES AL IT PT TR BY IE LU MD

kgen/stanovniku | kgoe/inhabitant 50171 19102

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

NO RU NL DK US GB HR RO UA EU2

7HU AT DE IT PL IE RS JP BG BY SK CZ FR TR EE AL GR SI ES BE FI IS LU PT SE CH BA LV LTMK MD kgen/stanovniku | kgoe/inhabitant 18265

Slika | Figure 2.2.5. Proizvodnja sirove nafte po stanovniku | Crude oil production per capita Izvor | Source: EIHP

2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

kWh/stanovniku | kWh/inhabitant 38834 29460

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

NO RU DK GB US RO

EU27 AL BY HR NL AT IT RS HU UA LT DE TR CZ PL FR GR MD SK BG ES JP BA EE LV MK SI BE FI IS IE LU PT SE CH

kg/stanovniku | kg/inhabitant 22230