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Consumption of Transformed Energy Forms

ENERGY IN CROATIA 2009

2.8. Consumption of Transformed Energy Forms

Table 2.8.1. gives the consumption of transformed energy forms in the period 2004 to 2009 and Figure 2.8.1. shows the trends in the consumption of transformed energy forms in the period from 1988 and the projected trends of the future con-sumption until 2030. In 2009 the concon-sumption of transfor-med energy forms in Croatia decreased by 2.9 percent from the previous year. Only the consumption of gaseous fuels (refinery gas and city gas) was increased by 28.7 percent, while the consumption of all other transformed energy forms decreased. The steam and hot water consumption decreased by 4.5 percent, of liquid fuels by 3.7 percent and of electricity by 2.3 percent. The biggest fall, 13.5 percent, was recorded in the consumption of solid fuels.

Gradski plin | Gas Works Gas 0,1%

Derivati nafte | Oil Derivates 1,5%

Para i vrela voda | Steam and Hot Water 13,1%

Električna energija | Electricity 85,2%

Gradski plin | Gas Works Gas 0,003%

Derivati nafte | Oil Derivates 1,3%

Para i vrela voda | Steam and Hot Water 12,0%

Električna energija | Electricity 86,7%

ne energije ostvaren trend porasta potrošnje s prosječnim godišnjim stopama od 8,6 i 1,7 posto. U potrošnji ostalih transformiranih oblika energije ostvaren je trend smanjivanja.

Potrošnja tekućih goriva, pare i vrele vode te plinovitih goriva smanjivala se s prosječnim godišnjim stopama od 0,5 posto, 2,6 posto i 5,6 posto.

electricity, at average annual rates of 8.6 percent and 1.7 per-cent respectively, while the consumption of other transformed energy forms decreased. In liquid fuels, steam and hot water and of gaseous fuels the consumption decreased at average annual rates of 0.5 percent, 2.6 percent and 5.6 percent respectively.

Tablica | Table 2.8.1. Potrošnja transformiranih oblika energije | Consumption of transformed energy forms

2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2009./08. 2004.-09.

PJ %

Kruta goriva

Solid Fuels 4,84 8,20 9,19 9,13 8,46 7,33 -13,5 8,6

Tekuća goriva

Liquid Fuels 177,71 181,65 184,05 193,40 179,75 173,05 -3,7 -0,5

Plinovita goriva

Gaseous Fuels 13,24 12,22 10,76 10,98 7,71 9,92 28,7 -5,6

Električna energija

Electricity 61,15 63,26 64,99 66,98 68,05 66,45 -2,3 1,7

Para i vrela voda

Steam and Hot Water 35,09 34,42 33,22 32,45 32,16 30,72 -4,5 -2,6

UKUPNO

TOTAL 292,04 299,73 302,20 312,94 296,14 287,47 -2,9 -0,3

Izvor | Source: EIHP

Kruta goriva | Solid Fuels Tekuća goriva | Liquid Fuels Plinovita goriva | Gaseous Fuels

Električna energija | Electricity Para i vrela voda | Steam and Hot Water Vodik | Hydrogen

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

1988. 1990. 2000. 2010. 2020. 2030.

PJ

2004. godina Year: 2004

2009. godina Year: 2009

2030. godina Year: 2030

Na slici 2.8.2. prikazani su udjeli pojedinih transformiranih oblika energije u 2004. i 2009. godini, kao i očekivane vrijed-nosti u 2030. godini. Najznačajniji oblici energije u potrošnji transformirane energije su tekuća goriva, električna energija te para i vrela voda. Najveći udio u potrošnji transformirane energije ostvarila su tekuća goriva. Njihov je udio s 60,9 posto u 2004. godini minimalno smanjen na 60,2 posto u

Slika | Figure 2.8.2. Udjeli u ukupnoj potrošnji transformirane energije | Shares in total transformed energy consumption Izvor | Source: EIHP

Figure 2.8.2. shows the shares of specific transformed energy forms in 2004 and 2009, as well as the projected values for the year 2030. The most important energy forms in transfor-med energy consumption are liquid fuels, electricity and steam and hot water. The largest share in the transformed energy consumption was that of liquid fuels, with 60.9 per-cent in 2004, which only minimally dropped to 60.2 perper-cent

Para i vrela voda | Steam and Hot Water 12,0%

Plinovita goriva | Gaseous Fuels 4,5%

Električna energija | Electricity 20,9%

Kruta goriva | Solid Fuels 1,7%

Tekuća goriva | Liquid Fuels 60,9%

Para i vrela voda | Steam and Hot Water 10,7%

Plinovita goriva | Gaseous Fuels 3,5%

Električna energija | Electricity 23,1%

Kruta goriva | Solid Fuels 2,5%

Tekuća goriva | Liquid Fuels 60,2%

Para i vrela voda | Steam and Hot Water 16,5%

Plinovita goriva | Gaseous Fuels 2,8%

Električna energija | Electricity 26,3%

Kruta goriva | Solid Fuels 0,8%

Tekuća goriva | Liquid Fuels 51,8%

Vodik | Hydrogen 1,8%

goriva u ukupnoj potrošnji transformirane energije sudjeluju sa znatno manjim udjelima pa se tako udio plinovitih goriva smanjio s 4,5 na 3,5 posto. Potrošnja krutih goriva je u proma-tranom razdoblju rasla najbrže zbog čega je i njihov udio s 1,7 posto u 2004. godini povećan na 2,5 posto. u 2009. godini.

Na slikama 2.8.3. i 2.8.4. prikazan je razvoj potrošnje najzna-čajnijih transformiranih oblika energije – električne energije i pojedinih derivata nafte, u razdoblju od 1988. do 2009.

godine. Ukupna potrošnja električne energije u 2009. godini smanjena je za 2,3 posto u odnosu na prethodnu godinu.

Pri tome je potrošnja električne energije u sektoru usluga povećana za 1 posto, a gubici prijenosa i distribucije za 18,3 posto. U svim ostalim sektorima ostvareno je smanjenje potrošnje i to u prometu za 3,6 posto, u kućanstvima za 3,7 posto, u grupi ostalih potrošača (poljoprivreda i građevinar-stvo) za 4,8 posto i u industriji za 10,9 posto. U sektoru ener-getike (potrošnja za pogon energetskih postrojenja) potrošnja električne energije smanjena je za 11,7 posto u odnosu na prethodnu godinu.

Gaseous fuels and solid fuels make only minor shares in total transformed energy consumption: the share of gaseous fuels dropped from 4.5 to 3.5 percent. The consumption of solid fuels in the observed period had the fastest increase so that their share changed from 1.7 percent in 2004 to 2.5 percent in 2009.

Figures 2.8.3. and 2.8.4. show the trends in the consumption of the most important transformed energy forms – electricity and some oil derivates, in the period from 1988 to 2009.

Total consumption of electricity in 2009 decreased by 2.3 percent from the previous year. The consumption of electricity in the services sector increased by 1 percent and distribution and transmission losses by 18.3 percent. In all other sectors the consumption was reduced: in transport by 3.6 percent, in households by 3.7 percent, in other consumption sectors (agriculture and construction) by 4.8 percent, and in industry by 10.9 percent. In the energy sector (energy sector own use) the electricity consumption was reduced by 11.7 percent from to the previous year.

Slika | Figure 2.8.3. Potrošnja električne energije u pojedinim sektorima | Electricity consumption by sectors Izvor | Source: EIHP

0

1988. 1990. 1995. 2000. 2005. 2009.

GWh

Gubici | Losses Energetika | Energy Sector Industrija | Industry Promet | Transport Kućanstva | Households Usluge | Service sector Ostalo | Others

U razdoblju od 2004. do 2009. godine ostvaren je trend porasta potrošnje električne energije s prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 1,7 posto. Pri tome se potrošnja u sektoru energetike sma-njivala s prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 2,4 posto, a gubici prijenosa i distribucije s prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 1,9 posto. U svim ostalim sektorima ostvaren je trend porasta potrošnje. Najbrže je rasla potrošnja električne energije u sek-toru usluga i u grupi ostalih potrošača (građevinarstvo i poljo-privreda), gdje su prosječne godišnje stope iznosile 5,9 i 2,6 posto. Potrošnja električne energije u prometu i u kućanstvima povećavala se s prosječnim godišnjim stopama od 1,7 odno-sno 1,3 posto, dok je najsporiji rast ostvaren u industriji gdje je prosječna godišnja stopa porasta iznosila 0,4 posto.

Ukupna potrošnja tekućih goriva u 2009. godini smanjila se u odnosu na prethodnu godinu za 3,8 posto. Potrošnja loživog ulja povećana za 7,2 posto, dok je u potrošnji svih ostalih karakterističnih grupa tekućih goriva ostvareno smanjenje potrošnje. Tako je potrošnja plinskog ulja i ukapljenog plina bila manja za 3,9 i 3,8 posto, a motornog benzina za 0,6

In the period 2004 to 2009 the electricity consumption had a growing trend at an average annual rate of 1.7 percent. The energy sector own use decreased at average annual rate of 2.4 percent, and the transmission and distribution losses at an average 1.9 percent per annum. In all other sectors the consumption had an upward trend. The fastest was the growth of electricity consumption in the services sector and in the other sectors (construction and agriculture), where average annual rates were 5.9 and 2.6 percent respectively. The consumption of electricity in the transport sector and in hou-seholds increased at average annual rates of 1.7 percent and 1.3 percent respectively, while the slowest growth was in the industry at an average annual rate of 0.4 percent.

Total consumption of liquid fuels in 2009 decreased from the previous year by 3.8 percent. The consumption of fuel oil increased by 7.2 percent, while the consumption of all characteristic groups of liquid fuels was reduced. The con-sumption of gasoil and liquefied gas dropped by 3.9 and 3.8 percent, and of motor gasoline by 0.6 percent. The biggest

1988. 1990. 1995. 2000. 2005. 2009.

103 t

Ukapljeni plin | LPG

Motorni benzin | Motor Gasoline Plinsko ulje | Gas Oil

Loživo ulje | Fuel Oil

Ostali derivati | Other Petroleum Products

reduction was in the consumption of other oil derivates and was 19.1 percent. In the period 2004 to 2009 the consump-tion of liquid fuels decreased at an average annual rate of 0.6 percent. In this period the consumption of LPG and gasoil increased at average annual rates of 6.4 percent and 0.8 per-cent respectively, while the consumption of other liquid fuels decreased. The fastest decrease was in consumption of other derivates at an average annual rate of 5 percent. The con-sumption of motor gasoline and fuel oil decreased at average annual rates of 0.9 percent and 1.2 percent respectively.

Four Figures below give the comparison of the specific total consumption per capita of electricity, motor gasoline, gas oils and residual fuel oils in Croatia and in forty selected countri-es including the EU27 average. This specific consumption of typical transformed energy forms in Croatia has the following characteristics when compared to other countries:

• Gross electricity consumption per capita in Croatia is 38.7 percent below the European Union (EU27) average; 10 European countries had lower electricity consumption level than Croatia,

• Consumption of motor gasoline per capita in Croatia is 15.4 percent below the European Union (EU27) average;

18 countries had lower motor gasoline consumption than Croatia,

• Consumption of gas oils per capita in Croatia is 24.5 percent below the European Union (EU27) average; 18 countries had lower consumption of gas oils than Croatia

• Consumption of residual fuel oils per capita in Croatia is 125.3 percent above the European Union (EU27) average, while only three countries had higher consumption of fuel oils than Croatia.

posto. Najveće smanjenje ostvareno je u potrošnji ostalih derivata nafte i iznosilo je 19,1 posto. Tijekom razdoblja od 2004. do 2009. godine ostvareno je smanjenje potrošnje tekućih goriva s prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 0,6 posto.

U tom razdoblju se povećavala potrošnja ukapljenog naftnog plina i plinskih ulja s prosječnim godišnjim stopama od 6,4 i 0,8 posto, dok je u potrošnji ostalih tekućih goriva ostvaren opadajući trend. Najbrže se smanjivala potrošnja ostalih deri-vata pri čemu je prosječna godišnja stopa iznosila 5 posto.

Potrošnja motornog benzina i loživog ulja smanjivala se s prosječnom godišnjom stopom od 0,9 odnosno 1,2 posto.

Na četiri sljedeće slike uspoređena je specifična ukupna potrošnja električne energije, motornih benzina, plinskih ulja i loživih ulja po glavi stanovnika u Hrvatskoj i u četrdeset izabra-nih zemalja uključujući i prosjek za EU 27. Spomenuta speci-fična potrošnja karakterističnih transformiranih oblika energije u Hrvatskoj ima sljedeća obilježja u odnosu na druge zemlje:

• bruto potrošnja električne energije po glavi stanovnika u Hrvatskoj manja je za 38,7 posto u odnosu na odgovaraju-ću prosječnu potrošnju u Europskoj uniji (EU 27), a manja potrošnja ostvarena je u deset europskih zemalja

• potrošnja motornog benzina po glavi stanovnika u Hrvatskoj manja je za 15,4 posto u odnosu na odgovarajuću prosječ-nu potrošnju u Europskoj uniji (EU 27), a manja potrošnja ostvarena je u osamnaest zemalja

• potrošnja plinskih ulja po glavi stanovnika u Hrvatskoj manja je za 24,5 posto u odnosu na odgovarajuću prosječnu po-trošnju u Europskoj uniji, a manja potrošnja ostvarena je u osamnaest zemalja

• potrošnja loživih ulja po glavi stanovnika u Hrvatskoj veća je za 125,3 posto u odnosu na odgovarajuću prosječnu potrošnju u Europskoj uniji (EU 27), a veća potrošnja ostvarena je samo u tri zemlje

Slika | Figure 2.8.5. Bruto potrošnja električne energije po stanovniku | Gross electricity consumption per capita Izvor | Source: EIHP

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000

IS NO FI LU SE US BE CH AT JP FR DE NL EE SI RU CZ DK

EU27 IE ES GB GR IT SK BG PT RS MK HU HR PL UA LT BY LV BA RO TR AL MD

kWh/stanovniku | kWh/inhabitant 51463

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

US LU IS CH IE SE GR JP SI DK FI NO GB NL EE DE RU AT CZ IT 7 LV HR HU PT ES BE FR LT BY SK UA PL BA BG RO MD RS MK TR AL

kg/stanovniku | kg/inhabitant

Slika | Figure 2.8.7. Potrošnja plinskih ulja po stanovniku | Gas oils consumption per capita Izvor | Source: EIHP

Slika | Figure 2.8.8. Potrošnja loživog ulja po stanovniku | Heavy fuel oil consumption per capita Izvor | Source: EIHP

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

LU BE IS SI AT IE CH NO FI ES DK FR DE US GR

EU27 SE IT PT NL EE GB HR LV CZ JP LT PL HU BY SK AL BG RU RS TR RO MK BA UA MD kg/stanovniku | kg/inhabitant 4037

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

GR IS FI HR IT JP PT IE MK LT SE BY RU ES BE AT DE

EU27 DK RS BA SK EE US NO GB FR TR PL CZ BG RO HU UA CH NL LV AL SI MD

kg/stanovniku | kg/inhabitant

2.9. Energija za pogon energetskih