HAL Id: inria-00070532
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070532
Submitted on 19 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
OLSR
Saadi Boudjit, Anis Laouiti, Paul Muhlethaler, Cédric Adjih
To cite this version:
Saadi Boudjit, Anis Laouiti, Paul Muhlethaler, Cédric Adjih. Duplicate address detection and auto- configuration in OLSR. [Research Report] RR-5475, INRIA. 2005, pp.20. �inria-00070532�
ISRN INRIA/RR--5475--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Duplicate address detection and autoconfiguration in OLSR
Saadi Boudjit, Anis Laouiti, Paul Muhlethaler and C´edric Adjih
No 5475
Janvier 2005
TH `EME 1
$&%('*)
+,-,/.#02143-5#.7680:9<;=>#0@?A2,/3-50B9C0D;EF,/5#GIHJ5K#G@LM9CKN,/GBLPOQ,/>.SRUTV.#OW0BXY= .Z680@K
[]\7^`_*a*bdcfeg8hDa8iMjlkamIhDnlhomp^`_*a8h
qsrptvuoamIwIxyqsze2{|d}
e2iv~7~tVrm2larpa8\Za8rp\7a Vv<vYcViM P<a`r2vVVcvU~7iMMa8h
8`ZMM }tMZaU ¡\Ztl¢Iz[¤£tMrp¥lh¦B} I¢Iz[h§Fivrpa Z¨©rpiVhomprDj7mDjZrpaª@¨©rpa`aM«\ZM\ZnZnP iv_*
£rpa`a8hph# Zamo£tMrp¥lh`«v£\7a`rpa2a` PmprpiMZiMl_* ZhmDrimptV *tMr`tM l¬7VjZrimDtM 4<nmp\Za2j7hDa`rNhsVa`rpnl® `jZm8¯
xy °\7iMrpZ£rpa8± Zamo£tMrp¥lhd Ztlla8hjhj7iMnYrpa`ntV °i¡`a` PmDriv²`a8³hDa`rpMa`riM 7³j7haQiln< 7iM_**\ZtPhom
`tM l¬MjZrimptV ~Zrptvmpt<`tM@«l¥Ma´dwd{µq·¶¸C¹º«lmDtQiV`»PjZrDaiM xyq¼iVZlrpa8hph`¯½<j\i hDtMjlmptV 8iv Z ZtMm2a
Za`~ZtnMaW Y} F¢2z[hdljZampt mD\7ajZ 7iCiMivZ¾montv¨siv <na8 VmprpiM²`aW´Fw{µqJhDa`rpMa`rW¯]¿ZtMrdh_ iM
hp`iMa} F¢2z[h8«Pms_ iCn/a2~/tVhphZa]mDtivt<8impa]¨©rDa8axyqÀiMZlrpa8hphDa8h_ iv <j7ivnM¯#w2t£a`Ma8r8«Cmp\Za2~Zrptvª
`a8lj7rDadaWtV_UaWh]_*~ZriMmD`iM¨©tVri4ivrpMa`ªºhp`iMaItMr]tM~/a` ¡hDn<hmDa8_£\Za`rpa_*tMZa ZtllaWh]ivrpaI¨©rpa`admDt
uotV ¡iM 7aWiCMaM¯s}tVhm2tv¨mD\ZaiMjlmDtl`tM l¬7VjZrimDtM ivMtVrDmD\Z_ h]~ZrptM~/tVhDa8¨©tMrFiM\Ztl Zamo£tMrp¥lh]ivrpa
7la8~a8 7la8 Vmtv¨Nmp\ZaUrDtVjlmD ZQ~ZrptvmptltMhIiM 7mp\Za`rpa¨©tVrDaV«Va` Za8rpivmDaihDM Z¬`iM PmFtMa8rD\7a8iMÁ¯2ÂIhD Z
mp\ZadMa` <jZ ZaFtM~lmp_*²8imptV Qtv¨¤mD\ZadjZ 7la8rDn< 7rptMjlmp Z~ZrDtMmDtltV/8iv hDM Z¬`iM PmDn4rpa8ljaFmD\Zaivjlª
mptltM Z¬7MjZrimptV tVa`rp\Za8iVï|F Za]tv¨mD\Za2}Y I¢2zµ[(~7rDtMmDtltVh£\Z\4\iCMaa8a` *rDaWa8 Vmpn~ZrDtV_*tvmDaW
mpte2¿{Àh#mD\ZaÄsÅ#Æ<ÇÈrptMjZmD Z~ZrptvmDtl`tMöb8ÉC¹º«MtV U£\7\UmD\7hµivrDmDaµ¨©tl`j7haWh`¯N[]\ZhsiMrmp`aiv_ hsim
`tM_*~Za`_*a` Pmp ZUmp\Za¡ÄÅÆ<Ç·rDtVjlmD Z*~Zrptvmpt<`tMÃhD~aW¬`ivmDtM 7h]mpt*\7iv 7ZaiMjlmDtltV l¬7VjZrpivmDtM Á¯N[]\Za
`tMrp Za`rdhomptM ZaUtv¨mD\ZhivjlmptltM Z¬7MjZrimptV ¡~ZrptvmDtl`tMhiv ±iMliv a8±ljZ~Z`impaUiVZlrpa8hphFZamDaWÊmptV
iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_¯ Â2 7la8r£a`la¬ Za8°iMhphDjZ_*~lmDtM 7h8«Á£a ~ZrptMa4mD\ZaQ`tMrprDaWÊmD 7a8hphFtM¨µmp\Za*mD\7a ~ZrDtV~tPhaW
iMjlmDtl`tM l¬7VjZrimDtM ~ZrDtMmDtltVB¯
Ë¡ÌPÍ-ÎpÏÐ ÑM }Y I¢2zµ[Ò¦B}¡tM7a \7t<¢Iz[£µtVrD¥lh§ÊÓZ 2jZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM ÁÓ7|dÔ½Ze
ÕÖÃ×DغÙ8Ú]×ÛÜØºÝ@Þß
Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt
ÔÁaWhrDgWhaWivjlk_UtVZaWhIiM\ZtlhDtM PmIlaWh2rpg8hDa8ivjZkhDiM 7h] l¨©rpiVhomprDjÊmDj7rDaa`mI\7ivjZmDa`_*a8 Vm
ZnP iv_*»PjZaWh`¯´FiM 7hI`a8hrpg8hDa8iMjlkëZÁa8hm2mDrp^8hIl¾®Q`ala~7rDg8MtMrjZ Za4iMl_* ZhmDrimptV `a` PmDrivhg8a
tVjjlmpha8r2jZ Za`tM l¬7VjZrimDtM _ iv <jZa`aljrDgWhaWivjÁ¯NÔÁaWh Zt<a`jZh2laWh]rDgWhaWivjlkQ¬iMrpa8h]jlmpha8 Vm
j7 hDa`rpMa8jZr`a` PmDrivhgFamad~Zrptvmpt<`tMad´dwd{µq ~/tMjZr2iV`»PjZg`rprµjZ 7adiVlrDaWhDhDaIxyq#¯7ÂI ZadmDa8ahtVjlmptV
7a ~a8jlmmprDa jZmDhg8aZiM 7ha8hrpg8hDa8iMjlkY_*tMZa8hiV±\7t< 8ivr aklhompaQivj7`jZ ha8rDVa`jZr´{w2q
`a` PmDrivhgV¯¡qtVjZr*la~/amp¾mh4rpg8hDa8iMjlkërDaWhompa~/tVhphZaivtVjZa`r4aWh4iVlrDaWhDhDa8hlhD~/tM ZZa8h¡i
_ iM Á¯{µa`~/a` 7ZiM PmjZ Za*mDa8a ~Zrptlg8ZjZrDa la8<a8 Vm_*~tPhDhDZa ~/tMj7rla Mriv ZhdrDgWhaWivjlkYtVj³7iv 7h
Za8hFrDgWhaWivjlkla4_UtVZaWhFtVjZMa8rmh2tYa8hF_UtVZaWhF~/a`j7Ma` PmdrDauotM 7lrpatMj³»PjZ¾mDmDa8rFa4rpg8hDa8iMjZrpaª
_*a8 VmW¯³Ôi~ZjZ~7iMrm*la8h*iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_*a8hivjZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM ~ZrptM~/tVhDg8h~tVjZrUZa8h4rDgWhaWivjlk iM \7t<
hDtM Pm 7lg8~a8 7ZiM VmUljÀ~Zrptvmpt<`tMaQlarptMjZmpivVa*jlmDhDgMÓhMg8 Z^`rpa` PmiM 7hDj7 otVa`rp\Za8iVU_*~tVrª
miv Pm8¯³ÔjlmDhpimptV la8hUtV~lmD_ iMhpimDtM h~ZrptM~Zrpa8h4lj ~ZrptvmptltMaQlarDtVjlmpiMMa ~/a`jlm*rpg8ljZrpahDV Z¾ª
¬/`impVa`_* Za`m`a8hla8rD 7a8rph8¯UÂI la8h~ZrptvmptltMa8hla*rptMjlmivVaU»PjZsigmpg*~ZrDtV_j³rDgWa8_U_*a8 Vme2¿#{
aWhom2a~Zrptvmpt<`tMalarDtVjlmpiMMaÄÅÆlÇ ¶bWÉC¹ivjZmDtMj7rIlj7»PjZa8¤a`mIivrDmDaa8hm8¯]{µa`mIivrDmDa\Za`r\ZaWh
`tM_*~Zgmpa`raWhh~/g8`¾¬/`imptV 7hlj°~Zrptvmpt<`tMa4~/tMj7rFmprpiM¾mpa`riMjlmDtl`tM l¬7VjZrimDtM ¤¯4Ô¤i~Za`rprpaUiM ZMjlª
ivrpa*ZaQa*~ZrptvmDtl`tMa*iMjlmDtltV l¬7VjZrpivmDtM ±a8hmj7 _UgW`iM ZhD_*a*g`MtVj7g*ZaQlgmpa8ÊmptV iVlrpa8hphaWh
ZjZ~Z»PjZg8a8h8¯ ½<tMj7hla8h\Pn<~/tvmp\Z^8hDa8hZa8 lg¬ ZaWh 7tMj7h ~7rDtVjZMtV 7h atV Ȩ©tM 7mDtM Z 7a`_*a` PmZj
~7rDtMmDtltVaivjlmpt<`tM l¬MjZrimptV ~ZrptM~/tVhDg`aV¯
Ð
W
Î
eg8hDa8iMj_*tVZaiM\Ztlv«Z IjlmDtl`tM l¬7VjZrimDtM ¤«Z|dÔ½le
) *
4¤#
}Yiv <n¨©rpjZm¨©jZÃa+/tVrmh\iCMa¨©tljhaW tM rDtVjlmD Z~ZrptvmptltMhN¨©tVr-,/.-02143 rpa8`a` PmnVa8ivrh8«PlaWiv 7
aWhDhDa` PmpiMnF£mD\mD\ZarptMjlmp ZFhphDjZamphDa`¨o«Miv Ztvm# ZaWa8hphpivrpnd`tM 7hDla`rp 7mD\Za]ivjZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM
¨©j7 7ÊmptV 7iv¾monV¯N[]\Za8hDad}Y I¢2zµ[ ~Zrptvmpt<`tMhµ8iv Q/aiMhph¬7aW Pmpt4~ZrptViVÊmpVaI~Zrptvmpt<`tMh2¶b8ÉC¹Á£\7a`rpa
aWiM\° ZtllaQ_ iM PmpiM hiv j7~lªBmptvªyZimpa Ma8rphDtV °tv¨]mD\Za Zamo£tMrp¥mptM~/tMtMVn<n±~/a`rptll a`kl\iv ZVa
tM¨ItV VmprDtV_*a8hphpivMaWh£mD\( Za`M\</tMrp ZY Ztlla8h8ÓµiM 7Àrpa8iVÊmDMa~ZrDtMmDtltVh¶b8¹]£\Za`rpaaWiM\À Ztlla
ZhptVa`rhsmp\ZarDtVjlmDadmpt*i Za8hmD 7imptV tV la8_ iv 7ï
eaWhaWivr\tM ³ivjlmptM_ impUtV l¬7VjZrpivmDtM tM¨µxyqSiMZZrDaWhDhDa8hI¨©tMr,/.506143ShdrDa8ivmDMa`naWhDhF¨©rpaª
»PjZa8 Pm8¯N[]\Za2xyqs"7iM 7!8/ze2|{|d¢F¿Y£tMrp¥< ZVrDtVjZ~7h#tM¨ÃmD\Za2xyzµ[¿³Za8iv£¾mp\ivjZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM
hphjZaWh7jlm£mD\i¨©tl`j7htV £rDaW Za`mo£µtVrD¥lh8¯ IjlmDtV_*ivmDFiVZlrpa8hphiMtl`imptV Qh_*tMrpaFZ¾®Qj7¾m
i',/.50213 a` <<rptM 7_Ua8 Pm2mD\7iM Y £rDaW Za`mo£µtVrD¥lh2lj7ampt 7homivZ¾montv¨µ Z¥lh`«-_*tM7¾montM¨smD\Za
7t<Za8h8«ÃmD\Za*tV~a8 ± 7ivmDjZrpa*tv¨µmD\Za*_*tMZa*iVY\7t<U Za`mo£µtVrD¥lh8«Áiv 7±iM¥¡tv¨]a8 VmprpiMNiMl_* ZhmDrimptV
Qmp\ZaIVa` Za8rpiM8iMhDaM¯N[]\<j7h~/a`rD¨©tMrp_* 74i´I I´ ¦:´FjZ~Z8impad ZZrDaWhDh´Ia`mDaWÊmDtM /§sVa` Za8rpivmDa8h_*tMrpa
`tM_*~Zaklmoniv _UtVrDatVa`rp\Za8iVQ iM\Ztl 7amo£tMrp¥<hmp\7iv ¡ ¡£rDaW 7amo£tMrp¥<h]£\7a`rpa~ZrDtMmDtltVh
hDj7\iMh´dwd{µq¶¸C¹iM 7½Z I ¶8¹8iv aj7hDa8Á¯
xy mD\ZhrDaWhaWivr\ rpa`~/tMrDm£aY£Za8hprp/a±iM ivjlmptltM Z¬7MjZrimptV ¼htVjlmptV ¼¨©tMrmD\7aJÄÅÆlÇ
~7rDtMmDtltVB¯Á[]\Zh¤hDtMjlmptV FhÁ7iVhaWdtM iv a®Q`a8 Vm¤´FjZ~Z`impa Zlrpa8hphÁ´Fampa8ÊmptV ¦:´2 F´d§¤ivMtMrpmD\Z_
£\7\mpiM¥Ma8hiVliv PmpiMMadtv¨mD\ZaVa` <jZ ZatM~lmp_*²8imptV tM¨mp\Za¡ÄÅÆlÇS~ZrptvmDtl`tM@¯
[]\ZaµrDaWhaWivr\rDa8~tVrm¤h¤hmDrpj7mDjZrpa8iVhè©tVt£2h9ÁhDa8mDtM ]hla8l`ivmDaWmDt2rpa`impa8£tMrp¥-«8_*tVhmDn
`tM 7`a`rp Z ZY~Zrpa`<tMj7hDn ~ZrDtV~tPhaWÀivjZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM À~ZrptvmptltMh4 ÈiM(\Ztl Zamo£tMrp¥lh`¯À[]\Za8 i
hDjZ_*_ ivrpn¡tv¨smp\Za°ÄÅÆ<ÇÒ~7rDtMmDtltVB«Ã£mD\³¾mh_ iv Y¨©aWimDj7rDaWh`«Ãhla8hprp/a8± ³hDa8mDtM ±É7¯U½<aWÊmptV
±la8hprp/a8hmD\ZaljZ~Z`impaiM7lrDaWhDh4lampa8mDtM _*a8\7iM Zh_ £\Z\ÀhmD\ZatVrDaQtM¨tMjZr4~ZrDtV~tPhaW
iMjlmDtl`tM l¬7VjZrimDtM (~ZrptvmDtl`tM@¯ ¨©tVrD_ iM~ZrDt<tM¨tM¨`tMrprDaWÊmp Za8hph*tv¨mD\7hlampa8ÊmptV ivMtVrDmD\Z_ h
VVa` Á¯ ½la8ÊmptV Y~ZrptM~/tVhDa8hUl+-a`rpa` Pm*£iCnlhmDt°iMhphM (iv ZmDiv2iVZlrpa8hphmpt³i± Za`£nÀivrprp< Z
7t<ZaUiM 7mDtrpa8hDtMMaiVZlrpa8hphIljZ~7`ivmDtM Á¯[]\ZhhaWÊmptV YiMmDj7iMn¡tM_*~Zampa8hFmD\7a4~Zrpa`<tMj7hItM Za
tV lj7~Z`ivmDaiM7lrDaWhDhla`mDa8mDtM Á¯s[]\7a8hDaImo£tUhDa8mDtM 7h]`tM 7hmDmDjlmpadi*`tM_*~ZamDaivjZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM
iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_¯[]\7arDaWhaWivr\QrDa8~tVrm2`tM 7`j7Za8h] hDa8mDtM :7Z¯
; ) `=< %>
¢IjZ_*a`rptMj7h#hmDj7ZaWh#\7iCMaµa8a` *`ivrprpaWtMjZmtV UiMjlmDtltV l¬7VjZrpivmDtM ~ZrptvmptltMh#iv 7mD\Za]rpa`impa8hphjZa
tM¨ÁljZ~Z8impaIiMZZrDaWhDhµlampa8ÊmptV iM*\Ztl Za`mo£µtVrD¥lh8¯[]\ZaWhaFhompj7la8hs\iCMa/a`a` ~ZrDtV~tPhaWU£¾mp\Z
mp\ZaUxyz[¿ÈtMrd~ZjZZh\ZaW ±iV`iMZa`_*~7iv~/a`rh`¯[]\ZhhaWÊmDtM YhdtMrpViM Z²`a8iVh2¨©tVt£2h`¯¿rhm8«-£µa
rpa`<a`£ivjZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM hpa` ivrptPh2iv 7¡mD\Za*l?+/a8rDa8 VmtV 7lmDtM 7hF£\Za`rpaiVZlrpa8hphIljZ~7`ivmDtM 7h
_ iCntl`j7r8¯2[]\Za8 Á«-£µaZrDa@n~Zrpa8hDa` Pm2mp\ZaiMrDtMj7hI~ZrptM~/tVhDa8ivjlmptltM Z¬7MjZrimptV ~ZrDtMmDtltVh8¯[¤t
`tM 7`jlamD\7hdhaWÊmptV £µa~tPhmDtM tVjZrF`tM PmDrpZjlmDtM ¡£mD\YrDaWh~/a8mImDtQmD\ZaU~Zrpa`<tVj7hDn~ZrDtV~tPhaW
iMjlmDtl`tM l¬7VjZrimDtM ~ZrDtMmDtltVh8¯
!#"%$&(')*',+.-0/,$"&(1',+2!)* +." 31',#"%+2"%0. !4$50617)*"&(1',+
[]\7aµ¬rphmshD`a` 7iMrDtFh#mp\Zah_*~ZaWhom9id_*tM7a] Ztlla#uotM 7hNiv mp\Za` *a8iCMaWh#i,/.-02143¤¯M I Uj7 PjhaW
xyq(iMZlrpa8hphNhiMtl`impa84mDtmD\ZaI ZtllaItV ¾mhivrprpiviv 7*/a8`tM_*a8hs¨©rDa8a2tM mphµla`~7iMrmpjZrpaM¯xy htV_*a
hpa8 7ivrptVh8«Mmp\Zaivtl8imDaWxyq¼iVZlrpa8hph]_*iCn /aljZ~7`ivmDa8 mD\Za Za`mo£µtVrD¥-¯
_*tMrpa±tV_*~Z`ivmDaW hD`a` 7iMrDt hmp\Za¨©tVt£ Z 9 ZtllaWhiMrDaY¨©rDa8ampt _*tMaYiMrD7¾mprpiMrDn
mp\Za ,/.50213&iM 7ëµ`tM 7hDa8»PjZa8 PmDnM«smp\Za Zamo£tMrp¥ _ iCn aWtV_UaWh*~7ivrDmDmDtM 7a8ï xy mp\Za¡rpa8hDjZ¾mp 7
~ivrDmDmDtM 7h8«/mD\ZaU Ztlla8hdtV PmD Pj7amDtj7hDamp\Za*~ZrDa8<tVj7hnivtl`ivmDaW¡xyqJiVZlrpa8hphaWh`¯dxº¨µiQ 7a`£· Ztlla
`tM_*a8hQmDtÀtV ZaYtM¨mD\Za±~7ivrDmDmDtM 7h8«2m_ iCn a³iMhphM ZaWÈiv xyq iVZlrpa8hph /a`tM ZV ZÀmDt(iM Ztvmp\Za`r
~ivrDmDmDtM Á¯N Zlrpa8hphljZ~7`ivmDtM _*iCnt<8jZr£\7a` mD\Za~ivrDmDmDtM 7h_*a`rpMaV¯
I Ztvmp\Za`rhpa` ivrpt4h£\Za8 mo£t 7la8~a8 7la` Pm ,/.506143 F_*a`rpMaV¯%8µaW`iMj7haImD\Zadmo£t ,/.506143
£a`rpastV l¬7VjZrDaWha8~7ivrimpa`nM«8iM 7dmD\7aµiM7lrDaWhDh¤ivtl`ivmDtM a8iM\tM¨<mD\Za-,!.-02143 shÁ 7la8~a8 7la` Pm
tM¨¤mp\Zatvmp\Za`rW«<mD\Za8rDa_ iCn /aljZ~Z`impa8iM7lrDaWhDhDa8h£\Za8 mD\Zamo£t ,!.-02143 _*a`rpMaM¯
}¡tPhomUtv¨2mp\ZatMmD\Za8rUhpa8 7ivrptVh8«8iv À/amp\ZtMj7M\Pm4tM¨IiMhUh~/a8`iM8iMhDa8htM¨mD\ZamD\7rDa8ahpa` ivrptPh
Za8hprp/a8iv/tMaV¯
9 !#"%$&(')*',+.-0/,$"&(1',+21+:"%<;.')=+.>&@?A'B
[]\7a`rpaivrpaFmo£t*_ iv iv~Z~ZrptViV\Za8hmDtiMZlrpa8hphivjZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM ¡iM\Ztl Za`mo£µtVrD¥lh8¯s[]\Za¬7rhom
iM~Z~ZrptViV\mpa` 7ZhsmDtiMtl`impa2tV "@7Êms¨©rpa`a2iVZlrpa8hphaWh`¯[]\ZaIivMtVrDmD\7_*h# *mD\7hµiv~Z~ZrptViV\UiMrDatM¨mDa8
8ivaWtV "@7ÊmDªB¨©rpa`aiMtl`ivmDtM YiMVtMrp¾mp\Z_ h`¯d[]\Za4hDa8`tM 7iM~Z~ZrptViV\mpa` 77hImptiMtl`impa4iVZlrpa8hphaWh
tV (iYrpiM 7ltM_iMhDhUiv 7 j7hDa8h*la8Z8imDaWÀ_*a8\iv Zh_ hmDt°lampa8m ZjZ~Z8imDaiM7lrDaWhDhDa8h8¯AC¼\Za`
ZjZ~Z8imDtM hivrpaZamDaWÊmpa8ëZ 7a`£JiVZlrpa8hphaWh£¾mp\ 7a`£ CiMj7a8hivrpaiMhphM 7a8ï
[]\ZaF´IhomprDZjlmpa8 ´Fn< 7iv_*w2tVhm]{µtV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM qrDtMmDtltV¤¦:´d´Fw{µqµ§È¶MW¹/hstM Zaa`kliM_*~ZatM¨
iItM @7mª@¨©rDa8aivt<8imptV iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_¯Áxy mp\ZhivMtVrDmD\Z_«8mD\Zaµ Ztlla8h¤rDaWh~/tM hZaN¨©tMrivtl`ivmDtM dmDrpn
mptiMhphM *iv *jZ <j7hDa8UxyqÀiVZlrpa8hphmDtid Za8£ 7t<ZaEDjZ <j7haW4mDtmp\ZaaWhomµtv¨/mD\Za8rµ¥P 7t£aWlMaV¯[]\Za8
mp\ZaQ Za8£ 7t<ZaQ~a8r¨©tVrD_ h´2 F´&mpt¡Mj7iMrpiM PmDa`aUmp\7immhiv °jZ ivtl`ivmDaW±xyq·iVZlrpa8hph`¯´F´dwd{µq
_ iM PmpiM hi¡MtMiviMtl`imptV ³hmpivmDaV«#hDt¡xyq iVZlrpa8hphaWh£\Z\ \iCMa /a`a` jhaWëNiv 7 iVZlrpa8hphaWh
£\7\°\7iCVaU 7tvmnVam/a`a` iMtl`impa8ë#ivrpa*¥< Zt£ Á¯FC¼\Za8 Ài Za`£ ZtllauotV hmD\Za Zamo£tMrp¥-«ÁtM Za
tM¨mph2 Za`M\</tMrh\ZtVhDa8hiM j7 PjhaWiVZlrpa8hph¨©tMr2m8¯[]\Zahpiv_*ajZ <j7hDa8xyq iMZZrDaWhDh] mD\ZaVtV7iv
iVZlrpa8hph~t<tVµtVjZ±/aiVhDhDV Za8±mpt¡_UtVrDa*mp\7iv tV Za ZtllaiMrDrpP Z¡imiM_*tPhommp\Zahpiv_*a*mD_*aM¯
[]\7hhmp\Zarpa8iVhtV £\<n´I I´·h2hmD~a8r¨©tVrD_*aW<ni* Ztllai¨mpa`r2VamDmD ZQiv ¡xyq iVZlrpa8hph`¯[]\7h
iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_ mpiv¥Va8hI PmDtiM8tMj7 VmF Zamo£tMrp¥~7iMrmp¾mptV Yiv ¡_*a`rpMa`rW«iM 7¡£tMrp¥lh£µa8£mD\Y~7rDtPiMÊmpVa
rptMjZmD Z*~ZrDtMmDtltVh8¯
´Fn< 7iv_* {µtV l¬7VjZrpivmDtM YiM 7Y´FhomprDZjlmptV ±qsrptvmptltM¦B´{´Fqµ§U¶vÉC¹shiv ZtMmD\Za8r`tM "@mª@¨©rDa8a
iMtl`ivmDtM iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_¯ C¼\Za8 UiF Za`£ _UtVZa ZtllauotM 7hmD\Za6,/.506143¤«viv UiMZlrpa8hph~t<tM<hNlPlaW
PmDt\ivMa8hsa`mo£µa8a` mphDa`¨¤iv 7 i`tM l¬MjZrpa8U ZtllaV¯#[]\7hµivMtMrpmD\Z_ mpiv¥Va8hN PmDtiV``tMjZ Pms Za`mo£µtVrD¥
~ivrDmDmDtM Àiv °_Ua8rDVaM«#\Zt£a`Va`rtV "@7Êmh£tl`j7r4ljZrp Z¡mD\7a_*a`rpMaQ¨mo£ttMr_*tVrDaQtM¨mD\Za
hDa`~ivrimDa8nÀ`tM l¬MjZrpa8 ,/.50213 miv¥< 7³~ivrDm* mD\ZaY_Ua8rDVaM«µa8M £mD\ mp\ZaYhpiv_*arDaWha8rDVa8
iVZlrpa8hphrpiM ZMaV¯
I Ztvmp\Za`r*tV "@7Êmª@¨©rpa`aiMtl`imptV ivMtMrpmD\Z_«N`iMa8³mp\Za ~ZrptM~Z\Za`m4ivt<8imptV ~ZrDtMmDtltV\7iMh
/a`a8 *~ZrDtV~tPhaW4¨©tMrNivrpMahD8iva ,/.50213 ¶MC¹@¯N[]\Zala8ih#mp\7ima8Ma8rDn_*tVZa Ztllaa`k<aWjlmpa8h
ihomimpa¨©jZ¨©jZ 7mDtM HGJI&LKmptMa`mijZ Z»PjZaxyq iMZlrpa8hph8¯MGJI@K*hI¨©jZ 7mDtM ±tv¨µihomimDa4ivjZa48ivaW
mp\Za £\7\(hUjZ~-Zimpa8À¨©tMrUa8iM\( Ztlla mD\Za Zamo£tMrp¥-¯°xy ÀmD\7h*ivMtVrDmD\7_«N_*aW\7iv ZhD_*h
iMrDa~ZrptM~/tVhDa8 ¨©tVr* Zamo£tMrp¥°~7ivrDmDmDtM iv 7 _Ua8rDVa`rW¯À[]\Za¡l® `jZmon (mD\Zh hDtMjlmDtM (h4mDt³¬7
i¨©j7 7ÊmptV GJI&LK£\Z\°£Vj7ivriv PmDa8amp\ZaQVa` Za8rpivmDtM ³tv¨]jZ Z»Vj7aQxyq·iMZZrDaWhDhDa8haWiM\³mD_*a mD\Za
¨©j7 7ÊmptV h]aklaWjlmpa8<niU ZtllaM¯
[]\Za³ivMtVrDmD\Z_ h rpa`impa8 mptÀmD\7a±hDa8tV 7¼iv~7~ZrDtPiM\Á«]~/a`rD¨©tMrp_ i(´2 I´ ¦:´FjZ~Z`impa³ 7lrDaWhDh
´Fampa8mDtM §2mDta` 7hDjZrpamD\7a4jZ 7»PjZa8 Za8hphdtv¨NmD\7aUiMtl`impa8¡xyq iMZZrDaWhDh8¯d[]\7aMa8 Za`riv~Zrptla8ZjZrDah
mp\7imIiU ZtllaVa` Za8rpivmDa8h]i4mDa8 PmpimpVaiMZZrDaWhDh]iv Qmp\Za` ~/a`rD¨©tMrp_*h´I I´£mD\Z ¡mph] Za8V\P/tMrp\Zt<tl
¦:rpiVltriv ZVa4tM¨mp\Za* ZtllaW§¯Uxº¨mD\7a*iVZlrpa8hphdhjZ 7»PjZaV«ÃmD\ZaQ´I I´h~a8r¨©tVrD_*aWYivPiv YtVa`rdmD\Za
£\7tMa 7amo£tMrp¥iv 7UidjZ Z»Vj7axyq°iVZlrpa8hphhN`tM 7hmDrpj7Êmpa8ïzNkZiv_*~Za8h#tM¨/hDj7\ iv~Z~7rDtPiM\ZaWh¤ 7j7la
¶bʹº«#¶b8¹iM 7 ¶bC¹º¯2´2 I´Ò_*a8\iv Zh_ h28iv iMhDtQ/a4l<laW PmptQmo£tQ`impa`VtMrpaWh£\Z\l+-a`rd
£\7a` Á«7iM 7\Zt£Jlj7~Z`ivmDaiVZlrpa8hphaWhµiMrDala`mDa8mDaWï
[]\ZaU I´2 F´ ¦B ÊmpVa4´FjZ~Z8imDa4 Zlrpa8hphI´FamDaWÊmptV §_*a8\iv Zh_ hFlhmDrpZjlmDa4iMZlmDtM iv¤ lª
¨©tVrD_ ivmDtM mD\Za 7amo£tMrp¥*mDt ~Zrpa`Va` Pm]iVZlrpa8hphljZ~Z`imptV iVh`«<¨©tVr homiv 7`aM«l ³¶bCW¹iv 7±¶b¹º¯
xy À`tM PmDriMhm8«q´2 I´ ¦©qNiMhphDVaQ´IjZ~7`ivmDa ZZrDaWhDh´Fampa8ÊmptV §iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_ h ¦o¶b8¸C¹]iv 7 ¶MC¹©§Ê«
mprDn°mpt±la`mDaWÊmQljZ~Z`impa8hU£mD\ZtVjlm*Zhpha8_* 7ivmD Z°iMZlmDtM iv]tM PmprDtVµ l¨©tMrp_ imptV À mD\Za Za`mª
£tMrp¥-¯ []\ZalaWiY/a`\7 7 mD\7h iM~Z~ZrptViM\ h4mDt°tV Vmp <jZtVj7hDn°_*tM ZmDtVr*rDtVjlmD ZY~7rDtMmDtltVµmprpiv®Q
mptla`mDaWÊmdZjZ~Z8imDaWhIrimp\Za`rImD\7iM YhDa` 7l ZiMZlmDtM iv`tM PmDrptM~7iM¥Vamh]¨©tMrFmD\ZhF~ZjZrp~tPhaV¯Fw2t£]ª
a8Ma8r8«s J¦¶M¹©§Ui±hDtvªy`iMa8À 7lrDaWhDhQ{µtV "@7Êm ¢2tvmp¾¬/`imptV J¦B I{¢F§U_*a8hphDiMMahU VmprDtllja8À¨©tMr
mp\Za~Zj7rD~/tVhDatv¨`tM "@7ÊmrDaWhtVjlmptV Á«]iv 7È Zt aWhDhQmD\7iM ¼ Z 7aYl?+/a8rDa8 Vmiv~Z~ZrptViV\Za8hUmpt la`mDa8mª
ZÈljZ~Z`impa8 iMZZrDaWhDhDa8h\7iCMa±a8a` ~Zrpa8hDa` PmDaW¼¨©tMr~ZrptViVÊmpVaY Z¥Pªyhomimpa±rptMjlmp 7 ~Zrptvmpt<`tMh`¯
[]\7a8hDaiv~Z~ZrptViV\Za8h*iMrDa¡7iVhaW tM 9YmD\Za Æ !04 IP -.5 ºÆ 0KC«mp\Za Æ !0
- @IE2.5 ºÆ 0-.K«Mmp\ZaUÆ -0 1 PIE-.5 ºÆ 061 K«PmD\Za40$J7 G
4 (IP -.5 0KC«/mp\ZaÅ (Æ !$ (PHIP -.5 BÅÆKC«-mp\ZaÅ%G ( ( ? IE-.5
Å K«Ámp\Za¡Æ 04 IE-.-ºÆ"0K«/mD\7aÆ " .2!$ ( IE2.5
Æ .EK«ViM 7*mp\Za6 $ (PHIE-.- KC¯l[]\Zrpa`aFivMtMrpmD\Z_ hN\7iCVa2/a`a` ~ZrDtV~tPhaW
¨©tVrYtV lªºZa`_ iv 7S~7rDtMmDtltVhG9 []\7a Ç2Ç-10ºÆ /$ ( IE-.-:Ç50ÆLK«]mD\7a Ç2Ç-1,
(P ":ÇIÇ-1 $ (PHIE-.-:Ç
ÇEK«`iM 7FmD\Za CÇ2Ç-1 !:Ç2Ç21 $ (PHIP -.5 " WÇ2`ÇEK¯
zµiM\tv¨¤mp\Za8hDaiv~Z~7rDtPiM\ZaWhshla8l`ivmDaWQmpt*iUhD~aWivÁ`iVhaiv i*hD~aWivÃhD`a` 7iMrDt7«liM 7Q¨©tVrmD\Za8r
iM~Z~Z8ivZ¾monmDt¥< Zt£ *rptMjlmp 7~ZrDtMmDtltVhhj7\QiVhÄÅÆlÇ iM 7!.4Ä $#¤«mp\ZaFiMjlmD\7tMrsrpa8`tM_*_*a` 7Zh
i*`tM_7 7ivmDtM tv¨#iUhDjZ7hDam2tM¨¤mp\Za~ZrptM~/tVhDa8ivMtMrpmD\Z_ hµ¨©tMraWiM\rDtVjlmD ZU~ZrDtMmDtltVB¯
[]\7aiMliM VmivVadtM¨#mD\ZhFhDtMjlmptV `tM 7hDhomh2 ¡ PmDrptllj7` ZtM ZntV ZaiM7l¾mptV 7iv¤_UaWhDhpivVaj7hDa8mDt
rpa`~/tMrDmi¡tV "@7Êm8¯[]\ZhhDiCVa8hd7iM 7l£<mD\ ³mD\ZaiM7hDa` 7`aUtM¨]`tM "@mDj7iMhmDjimDtM h`¯wIt£µa8Ma8r
hDa`Va`rivÃlriC£7iM¥lh]`iM a¨©tVjZ 7ï]¿rhm2¾mIh2i*\ZaWiC<nhtVjZmDtM aW`iMj7hatM¨#mD\Za <jZ_*a`rptMjh2ivMtMª
rpmD\Z_ hmD\imN_j7hmNa2`tM_4Z 7a8mDtd\7iv 7Zaiv<mD\7a2hD`a` 7iMrDtVh8¯¤¿ZtVr# 7hmpiM 7a¨©tVrs|dÔ½le«vlj7a]mDtdmD\Za
~/a8`jZiMr2l¾®Q`jZ¾mpaWh2 7lj7`a8<nQmp\Za}¡qeStV~lmD_*²WimptV Á«l_*tMrpamD\7iM 7 ZaZ+-a`rpa` PmIivMtVrDmD\7_*h
iMrDaF Za8`a8hphDiMrDn4mDt*tVa`r]iv7mp\ZaZa` PmD¬7a8hpa` ivrptPh`¯ mµmp\ZahDiM_UaFmD_*aImptUiCVtM ~/tVhphZadhmDtVrD_
a+/aWÊmh]£\Za` i*ljZ~Z8impaiVZlrpa8hphhla`mDaWÊmDaWë7hD~aWiv-mpa8\Z Z»PjZa8h]_4j7hm]/aj7hDa8mDt tV PmDrptM/mD\Za
@tPtll Z±tv¨F I{¢ _*a8hphDiMMa8h8¯±¿ 7ivn°mD\Za8rDahU ZtY¨©tMrp_*iMµ~7rDt<tv¨mp\7im ivljZ~Z`imptV 7hU`iv (a
¬ 7ivnlampa8Êmpa8ï
$ )*'M+,&(310$.&(1',+
xy *mp\Zhrpa8hDa8iMrp\*rpa`~/tMrDms£µaIiMrDaI~ZrDtV~tPh Zi 7a`£ ivjZmDtltV l¬7Mj7rpivmDtM *ivMtMrpmD\Z_ ¨©tMr]|dÔ½le¼7iVhaW
tV Qi´2 I´SiM~Z~ZrptViM\¤¯¤[]\Za2_ iv Qla8ihmD\7ivm~Zrpa`Ma8 PmD ZiMZZrDaWhDhs`tMhDtV Urpa8»PjZrpa8hsiM QiMhphjZ_*~lª
mptV mD\7ivmdhDtM_*ajZ 7»PjZala8 Vmp¾¬a`rh¦0GQ§2iMrDaiMtl`ivmDa8mptQa8iV\¡ Ztlla ¡mD\7a Za`mo£µtVrD¥-¯ Ih
¨©tVrNmD\7aIqà I{} I¢ ~ZrptM~/tVhpiv@«mD\Zhs 7a`£¼ivjlmptltM Z¬7MjZrimptV UiMVtMrp¾mp\Z_ hstV~lmD_*²8a8UmptrDaWlj7`amD\Za
iv 7l£<mp\jlmp²WimptV Á¯ Fh#i2_ imDmDa`r#tM¨Z¨:iMmmp\Zh#iM~Z~ZrptViM\jhaWhÁmp\Za|dÔ½le h#}¡qeÀtV~lmD_*²WimptV
mpt*ZrDtPiMZ8iMhm]i* 7a`£StM PmprDtV/~iM¥Ma`mW¦ ,!.- , "&? .2 - ?-§2j7hDa8PnmD\Za´I I´
~7rDtlaWljZrpaM¯#}¡tMrpa`tVa`rµmD\Zhiv~7~ZrDtPiM\h]a`kPmprDa8_*a`nQh_*~ZaiM 7i¨©tVrD_ iM/~7rDt<tv¨tv¨#tMrprpa8Êmp Za8hphµh
VVa` Q Qmp\ZaivrDmDaM¯ C±aivrpaI 7t£¼MtM Zmpt4VVaFi4h\ZtVrmrDa8<a8£¼tv¨Ámp\ZaÄÅ#Æ<ÇJrDtVjlmD Z4~ZrDtMmDtltVB¯
$&% ' )
[]\7hhDa8ÊmptV laWhD`rDaWhmD\Za³_ iv ¨©a8ivmDjZrpa8htM¨mD\Za ÄÅÆlÇ ¦º|F~lmD_*²8a8 ÔÁ Z¥ ½PmimDa°etVjlmD ZP§
~7rDtMmDtltVB¯
ÄÅÆlǼhsiv tV~lmD_*²WimptV UtM¨-i~ZjZrpa Z¥4hmpivmDa2rptMjZmD Z~ZrDtMmDtltVB¯xºmhN7iVhaW4tV UmD\ZaI`tM 7`a`~lm
tM¨"& ( ? ¦ , NÇ6W§¶b7C¹º¯·¿rhomW«j7h Z "& ( ? Yrpa8Zj7aWh*mD\Za³h²`a¡tM¨mD\Za
`tM PmDrptMÃ_*aWhDhpivVa8hG9srpivmD\Za8r]mD\7iM la8`iMrD ZQiMÁ Z¥lh`«/i ZtllalaWivrpa8htV ZnmD\Za4ha`mItv¨N Z¥lh£mD\
mph* 7a`M\<tVrphmD\imQivrpamph "& ( 4? ʯ []\Zaj7hDatv¨, NÇ iMhDtY_* Z_*²`aWh@7t<t<Z Z
tM¨`tM PmDrptMmDri®QM¯xy 7la8a8³tM 7n "& ( -? *¨©tMrp£iMrp`tM PmDrptM#_*a8hphpivMaWh`¯U[]\ZhdmDa8\7 Z»PjZa
hDM Z¬`iM PmDnrpa8Zj7aWh2mp\Za4 <jZ_4a8rtv¨srpamDriv h_*hDhDtV 7h2tM¨ZrptViVZ`iVhomF`tM PmDrptM_*a8hphDiMMaWh¶b8Él«#bG7¹@¯
[]\7amo£tQ_ iv ÄÅÆ<Ç·¨©jZ 7mDtM 7iMmDa8h8«Ã¢2a8V\P/tMrd´IhptMa8rDniv 7Y[¤tV~tVtVMn´IhDhDa`_* 7imptV Á«-ivrpa
7t£ lamivaWïs[]\Za8 £a~ZrDaWha8 Pm*ÄÅ#Æ<Ç Vimpa`£]iCnI_UaW\7iv 7hD_j7hDa8PnhtV_Ua ZtllaWhmDt laWivrpa
rpa8iV\7iv7¾mon*mptUmD\Za8rI`tM Z 7a8Êmpa8\ZtVhmphiM 7 Zamo£tMrp¥lh`¯
ªo~lm
1/,; ' 1!)*'MQ
zµiM\ Ztlla_j7hm2lampa8mmD\Za Za8V\<tVr Ztlla8h]£mD\£\Z\¾m2\7iVhi*lrpa8m Z¥-¯
¿7tMr]mD\7h8«7aWiM\ 7t<Za~a8rDtll8ivnZrDtPiMZ8iMhmph (?*_*aWhDhpivVa8h8«<`tM PmpiM 7 ZUmp\Zahm2tv¨# Za`M\lª
/tMrhU¥< Zt£ Àmpt±mp\Za¡ Ztlla¡iv Àmp\Za`r* Z¥(hmpivmDj7h8¯È[]\Za Z¥ hmpivmDj7h 8iv /a¡a`mD\7a`r &
¦:¾¨`tM_*_jZ 78imDtM Èh ~/tVhphZa¡ ¼/tvmp\ lrpa8mDtM 7h§Ê«4 & À¦:¾¨tV_*_jZ Z`ivmDtM Èh tM Zn
~/tVhphDZaU ³tM Za lrpa8ÊmptV §Ê« "& ( 2 À¦©¨mD\Za* Z¥YhhDnP_*_*amprD*iv 7mD\ZaQhDa` la`rtv¨µmD\Za
(_*a8hphpivMa\7iMh4ha8aWÊmDaW°mD\7hU ZtllaiMhi " ( 6? P§«tMr/? ¦:¾¨ImD\Za Z¥°\7iVh/a`a8
tVhm§¯N[]\Za(_*aWhDhpivVa8hivrpaIrpa8a8Va8 <n iv#bªº\ZtM~ Za`M\</tMrh`«PZjlm2ivrpaI 7tvm¨©tMrp£iMrplaWï[]\7a`n
iMrDa4ZrptViM7`iMhmDaW¡tM aU~a8rrDa`¨©rDaWh\Z Z~a8rDtl±8ivaW¡mD\7a 61sŤÅÄ0/3 1NÇ #.IŠʯ[]\<j7h8« (?
_*aWhDhpivVa8hFa` 7iMZaUa8iV\Y ZtllaUmptZhptVa`rImph*b`ª@\7tM~Y 7a`M\<tVrph8«ÁiMhd£a`NiMhmphCªº\ZtM~± Za`M\</tMrh`¯
[]\7hN 7a`M\<tVrD\7tPtlUiv 7 ª@\ZtV~4 7a`M\<tVrD\7tPtl4 Z¨©tMrp_*ivmDtM U\7iMhiv iMhphtl`ivmDa8\ZtMl ZmD_*aM«VmD\Za
ª 061 ÄsÇ ÄÅ 3 ,/1 Ê«li¨mDa8r£\Z\m2h] Zt*tV ZMa8rCiMï
|F mD\Za7iMhDh¤tM¨lmD\Zh l¨©tVrD_ ivmDtM Á«aWiM\ Ztlla la`~/a` 7Za` PmDnha8aWÊmhmpht£ hDamtv¨ "& (
? Qiv_*tM Zmph*b`ª@\ZtV~± 7a`M\<tVrphd hj7\°i£iCn±ivCªº\ZtM~³ Za`M\</tMrhdtv¨ \7iCMa/ &
multipoint relays of node m m
¿Mj7rDa*b9N}¡j7¾mp~/tM PmIrDa8iCnlhtv¨ Ztlla
Z¥lhµ£mD\ ʯN[]\Zh]_*a8iM 7hµmD\7ivmmp\Za" ( ? tVa`r¦© mpa`rp_ h]tv¨riMZt4rpiM ZMaC§
iM-Cªº\ZtM~ 7a`M\<tVrphF¦:¿MjZrpabC§|F ZaI~/tVhphDZaFiMVtMrp¾mp\Z_·¨©tVrhDa`a8mD Zmp\Za8hDa4, NÇ6Fhla8hprpaW
¶b7¹º¯È[]\7a "& ( hDamQh tV_U~7jlmDaW(£\7a` Za8Ma`r i°\7iM ZMa mp\Za bªº\ZtM~(tMrª@\ZtV~
7a`M\<tVrD\7tPtl h]lampa8mDa8Á¯Nxy iVZlmDtM Á«<a8iV\ Ztlla _ iv Vmiv 7h¾mh, NÇ ? 2ʯ#[]\7h
hDamdtM Pmiv 7h]mD\7a ZtllaWh2£\Z\¡\7iCMahDa`a8mDaW iMhIi " ( ? ¯I¢2tlla tM 7n¨©tMrp£iMrp7h
7rDtPiMZ8iMhm_*a8hphpivMaWhrpa8`a`MaWQ¨©rptM_&tV Zatv¨#¾mh6, NÇ Ê¯
9 '5 'M6'/ 1! 1+" &1',+
zµiM\À Ztllatv¨mp\Za 7amo£tMrp¥Y_ iv Pmpiv 7hmDtV~tVtVM`iv l¨©tVrD_ ivmDtM iMtVjlmmp\Za 7amo£tMrp¥YtMZmpiv ZaW
<n_*a8iM 7hItM¨3, I3 ?$ ' K4_*aWhDhpivVa8h8¯2ziM\± Ztlla hDa`a8Êmpa8iVhFi " ( «
7rDtPiMZ8iMhmphi 3, _UaWhDhpivVaivmUa8iVhom*a`Va`rpn 3, 0 31sÇ#.IÅ ¯#[]\Za 3, _*a8hphpivMatMrpV imDaW
¨©rptM_ 7t<Za Za8ivrpa8hµmp\Za, sÇ ? tM¨ ³¯#xº¨i*\7iv 7Madt<8jZrh mD\7a, NÇ ? ha`m8«
mp\Za Zak<m 3, `iM ÀahDa` Pm4aWivrpa`rW¯±[]\Za 3, _*aWhDhpivVa8hiMrDa!@7t<t<Za8°mpt³iM Ztlla8h4 ÀmD\7a Za`mª
£tMrp¥iM 7mpiM¥MaiMZCiM PmpivVatv¨ , NÇ6mDtrDaWlj7amp\Za <jZ_4a8r2tv¨NrpamprpiM 7h_*hDhDtM 7h8¯[]\<j7h8«i Ztlla
h2rpa8iV\7iv7aa`mD\7a`rFZrpa8mDntVr2<i*mph4, sÇ6ʯ2[]\Zh2mDtV~tVtVM`ivà l¨©tVrD_ imptV tVa8mDa8 a8iV\
7t<Zaµ\7iVhiM iMhphDt<`ivmDaW\ZtMl Z2mp_*a 3ÄQÄÅ :3 ,!1 «Ci¨mpa`r£\Z\4¾m#h 7tItM ZVa`rCiMï
[]\ZaU Za8V\P/tMrd l¨©tMrp_ imDtM ±iv 7mD\Za4mDtV~tVtVMn l¨©tVrD_ ivmDtM YiMrDa4rDa`¨©rDaWh\ZaW¡~/a`rptll`iMnM«Ãiv
mp\Za`n¼a8 7iv7a³a8iV\ Ztlla³mDtÈtV_*~ZjlmDa±mD\7a³rptMjZmDa8hmpt iM¥< Zt£ JZa8hmD 7imptV 7h`¯ []\Za8hDa±rptMjZmDa8h
iMrDa`tM_*~Zjlmpa8¼£mD\J´Iuo¥lhomprpi hh\ZtVrmpa8hmQ~7imp\ ivMtVrDmD\7_ ¶7C¹º¯ w2a8 7aV«]mD\Za8n¼ivrpa¡tM~lmp_ iviMh
`tM 7`a`rp 7hµmD\Za <jZ_4a8rtv¨#\ZtM~7h8¯N[]\ZarDtVjlmD ZUmpiMZadhtV_*~ZjlmDaW£\7a` Za8Ma`r]mp\Za`rpahi*\7iM ZMad
7a`M\<tVrD\7tPtltMr]mDtV~tVtVMn l¨©tMrp_ imptV Á¯
(/"&(>?A" .
zµiM\ Ztlla_ iv Pmpiv 7h l¨©tVrD_ imptV `tM 7`a`rp Z Z*£\Z\ ZtllaWh_ iCniVÊmIiMhVivmDa8£iCnlh 2mDtQiMhphDt<`¾ª
ivmDaW4\7tVhmphsiM 7* Zamo£tMrp¥lh`¯[]\Za8hDa Vimpa`£]iCnlhµ~/a`rpt<Z8ivn4Ma` 7a`rimDai202. I 0
. &@K4_UaWhDhpivVaM«ltV Pmpiv Z Z*~7ivrh]tv¨¦: Zamo£tMrp¥iVZlrpa8hph`«l Za`mD_ iMhD¥Z§tMrprpa8hD~tV 7l Zmpt*mD\Za
`tM Z 7a8Êmpa8\ZtPhomhÁiv Zamo£tMrp¥lh`¯Á[]\Za -06.±_UaWhDhpivVa8hÃiMrDa @7t<tllaWdmDtIiMMmD\Zaµ Ztlla8h¤ mp\Zas Za`mo£µtVrD¥
<n4mD\Za, NÇ6ʯs[]\Za8hDa2_*a8hphpivMaWhshD\ZtMjZ*/aImprpiM 7h_*mmpa8*~/a`rptll`iMn4a8Ma8rDn-06. 0 31sÇ#.IÅN¯
[]\7aQtMa8Êmpa8° l¨©tMrp_ imptV ³hiv³¨©tMr 202.QÄsÅ 3 ,/1¯Á[]\7aQ Zamo£tMrp¥lhiv 7°iVhDhDtlimDaW
\7tVhmphIiMrDa4iMZlaWmDtmD\Za4rDtVjlmD Z mivZa4iM 7mD\Za8n\7iCMamp\Za4hpiv_*a 7ak<mF\ZtV~YiMh2mD\Za4tM ZamDtQrpa8iV\
mp\Zaiv~7~ZrDtV~ZrpivmDaVivmDa8£iCnʯ
$6&1506+M&(Q "%)* )>6" "&1',+
xy mp\Za¨©jZ#|dÔ½le ~ZrDtMmDtltVB«i* Ztlla£\Z\\iMh2hDa`Va`rivà Vmpa`rD¨:iM`a8h8«l~a8rDtll8ivna`_*mph2i hD~aWiv
mon<~/a_*a8hphDiMMaV«D}¡jZmD~Za4xy PmDa`rD¨:iM`a´Fa8ivrimptV Ê«Z Y£\Z\Y¾mdhomhIiM¾mhI PmDa`rD¨:iM`a8hFiMZlrpa8hphDa8h8«
iMtV ZU£¾mp\tV Zatv¨mD\Za8_«Z£\Z\h¬Zkla8Á«7iv 7h¦:ivrpZmDrivrpnZ§\ZtVhDa` iMh]mph_ iv iMZlrpa8hph8¯
` µ &
|Fj7r~ZrptM~/tVhDa8 ivjlmpt<`tM l¬MjZrimptV ivMtMrpmD\Z_ hiMhDa8 tV ¼mo£t hmDa8~7h`¯xy mD\Za³¬7rhmhmDa8~Á«FiM
xyq iM7lrDaWhDh4h ha8aWÊmDaWÀ<n°mD\7aiMrDrpP Z± ZtllaiM 7 mD\Zh*ivmmpa`r `iM uotM (mD\Za¡iM \Ztl 7amo£tMrp¥/¯
¢IjZ_*a`rptMj7hµhD\7a`_*a8hs8iv /aIj7hDa8UmpthDa`a8ÊmµmD\Zhsxyq(iMZlrpa8hph8¯¿7tMrs 7hmpiv amp\ZaI Ztllad`iM ~a8r¨©tVrD_
iQrpiM 7ltM_ hDa`a8ÊmptV ¡ ±iQ£a`¤¥< Zt£ ¡~/tPtVtM¨siMZlrpa8hphDa8h8Ó/iM Ztvmp\Za`rmpa8\Z 7»PjZaUtM hhomh2tM¨stM ZatM¨
mph Za8V\<tVrphµha8aWÊmD Z4mD\ZaiM7lrDaWhDhµtM a8\7iv¨¤tM¨ÁmD\Zaivrprp< Z ZtllaV¯Nxy hDa8ÊmptV £µadlhpjhDh
ZampiMÃiMrDtMj7h]£]iCnlhµmDt iMhphM iv xyq¼iMZZrDaWhDhµmDtQiM iMrDrpP ZU ZtllaM¯
2¨mDa`rUmp\Zh¬7rhom*hompa`~À\iMh4a8a` ~/a`rD¨©tMrp_*a8ëmp\ZahDa8`tM 7 hmDa8~ `iM mpiM¥Ma~ZiVaV¯±[]\Zaiv_ tM¨
mp\Zhhompa`~°hmDtla`mDaWÊm~/tvmDa8 PmDiviVZlrpa8hphdZjZ~Z8imDtM htM ³rDj7 Á¯[t¡~a8r¨©tVrD_ mp\ZhmpiVh¥³i´I I´
iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_ hdhomivrDmDa8tV mD\ZhF Za`£n¡tM Z¬7MjZrpa8 7t<ZaM¯I[]\Zhd´2 I´ÒivMtVrDmD\Z_ ivt£2h]mD\Za4 Za`£n
`tM l¬MjZrpa8³ ZtllamDtYhmpivmDaQ£\Za`mD\Za8rmp\ZahDa`a8mDa8 iMZlrpa8hphhlj7~Z`ivmDaW tMr 7tvm4 i¡~7rDtPiMÊmpVa
_ iM Z Za`rW¯#xº¨hDj7\iU`iVhadtl`j7rph8«li Ztlla`iM \7iM ZMaF¾mhiMZZrDaWhDhµ£¾mp\rpa8hD~/a8ÊmmDt*hDtM_*adhD~/a8¬7aW
`rDmDa8rDiZ¯
xy tVrpZa`r2mptla`mDa8mdiVZlrpa8hphItV "@7Êmh`«/a8iV\¡ Ztlla4l?+-j7haWhFih~/a8`iM¤_*a8hphDiMMamp\7imd£µa4`ivi
}Y I´È¨©tVr }jZ¾mp~7a2 ZZrDaWhDhN´Fa8`iMrpivmDtM mptmD\Zaa8 PmDrDa Za`mo£µtVrD¥-¯[]\ZhtM PmprDtVP~iM¥Ma`mN 7`jla8h
mp\Za 7t<Za4iM7lrDaWhDhFiv 7mp\Za 7t<Zala` PmD¬7a8r8¯d[]\Za Ztlla4Za` PmD¬7a`rdhIihDa8»PjZa8 7atv¨sZmphFtv¨N¬ZklaW
a` 7vmD\ £\7\¼hQriv 7ZtM_*n(Ma8 Za`rimpa8ï w2a` aY£aivrpa¡j7hD 7 mD\Za±homiv 7ZiMrp la8i³mp\7immD\Za
~7rDtV7ivZ¾mon¡tM¨µmo£t Ztlla8h\7iC< ZmD\ZaQhpiv_*a* Ztlla*la` PmD¬7a8rht£«iM 7YmD\Za ~ZrptMivZmon¡tv¨im
a8iVhomdtM Za4iMZlrpa8hphI`tMhDtV £¾mp\ 7t<Za8h8«£\Z\YhImD\Za4£µa8¥< Zt£ ZrDmD\ZiCn~7rDtVZa8_ «-`iM
/ahDam2ivrpZmDrivrpn t£J<n\Zt<tVhD 7UiUivrpMada` ZtVjZM\ivjZatv¨2¯
Ztllala`mDa8mphUiv ÀiVZlrpa8hphtV "@7Êm£\Za8 Àm4rpa8a8Va8hi¡}Y I´ _*a8hphDiMMa \7iC< ZmD\ZahDiM_*a
iVZlrpa8hphsiMhµmphµt£ Á«V7jlmµ£mD\il?+/a8rDa8 VmZa` PmD¬7a`rW¯|F mD\7aItvmp\Za`rµ\7iv Qiv 7iMhhD\Zt£ Q ¬7VjZrpa
Z«stvmp\Za`rU ZtllaWh4£]ZamDaWÊmUmD\Za¡`tM "@7ÊmW¯À[]\Za8hDa Ztlla8hUtVjZ(iv Z 7tMjZ 7`aQmp\Za¡tM @7mUjh Z±i
hD~/a8iv-tV PmDrptM/_UaWhDhpivVaIiMhµhZtM Zad mD\ZadqNiM`_*iM ~ZrptvmptltM¶MC¹º¯sw2t£a`Ma8rsmp\Zh]iM~Z~ZrptViM\ _ iCn
7ljaZrptViVZ`iVhom]homptMrp_ h 7`a_*iM <n Ztlla8h_ iCniM Z ZtVjZ 7aFmD\7atM @7mIiv 7hD~aWivÁ`iMrDa_4j7hom
/amiv¥Va` ¡mptiCMtVmp\ZhFa+-a8m8¯¿ZtVr2mD\imFrpa8iVhtV ¡£µa4lt ZtMmFrpa8`tM_*_*a` 7mp\Zhd£]iCnM¯2 I Ya®Q`a8 Vm
_ iM Z Za`rdmpt 7tvmD¨©n¡mp\Za iMZlrpa8hphljZ~Z`imptV YmptmD\Za* ZtllaWh °tV "@7Êm8«tM hhomhd °ivt£ ZmD\Za
}Y I´ ~7iM¥Vamphdmptrpa8iM\ iMNmp\Za 7t<Za8h mD\7aQ Zamo£tMrp¥-¯[tYhpiCMaUmD\Za\7iv 7 Za`siv 7l£<mp\ mD\Za
}Y I´ ~7iM¥VamhhD\ZtMjZ /aZrptViVZ`iVhompa8°j7hD Zmp\Za}¡qµe @7t<tll Z7¯° Êmpj7ivnV«siv~Z~7n< Z³|dÔ½Ze
!"#
¿MjZrpaÉ 9N Zlrpa8hphljZ~Z`impahD`a` 7iMrDt
rpa`iCn< 7UtV~lmD_*²WimptV ¡rDjZa8hIiMh]mp\Za`n¡ivrpala`¬7 Za8Á«7_ iCn 7tvmI/ahDjl®Qa` Pm2mDta` 7hDjZrpal+-j7hDtV
hDtM_*a`tM "@mDj7iM8iMhDa8h8¯F Ihdiv YjhomprpivmDtM ¡tv¨hj7\¡~/tVhphDZa4hDmDj7ivmDtM 7h8«£aVVamp\Za¨©tVt£ 7
a`kZiv_*~ZaM¯
¿MjZrpa Éh\7t£2h2mo£t`tM "@7Êmp 7 ZtllaWh%$'&iv 7($*)¦+$,&iM 7-$*)Q\7iCMamD\Za*hDiM_*a4iM7lrDaWhDh
.
§Ê«- Ymp\Za*ª@\7tM~ Za8V\<tVrphItv¨ Ztlla0/¯xy mD\7htV l¬7VjZrpivmDtM Á«/ ZtllaWh21 iv 7*/ivrpa ZtMm\ZtPha8
iVh}¡qeIh`«mD\7a` Á«mD\7aD}¡jZmD~Za Zlrpa8hph´IaWivrimptV U_*a8hphpivMaWhl?+/j7hDa8ÀrDaWh~/a8mDMa`nY<n±mD\Za
7t<Za8h%$,&4iM 7-$*)`iM Ztvm/a4~ZrptM~ivVivmDaWmD\ZrptMjZV\ZtMjZmImD\7aUa8 PmDrDa4 Zamo£tMrp¥-¯Fxy ±tMjZrhpa` ivrpt«
7t<Za3/ tMj7 ZtMm 8ivjZimpa¾mhQ}¡qe hDamQtVrDrpa8mDnM«µaW`ivjha¡}¡qe 8ivjZimptV (h*7iVhaW tV
mp\Za°iMhphjZ_*~lmptV ¼mD\immD\Za8rDa³h Zt iMZZrDaWhDhljZ~Z`imptV mp\Za(b`ª@\7tM~ iM 7 Cªº\ZtV~ Za`M\</tMrh`¯
{µtV 7hDa8»PjZa` PmpnV«7 Ztlla$'&iv 7¡ 7t<Za$*)U£ Ztvmdlampa8ÊmFmD\ZaUiMZZrDaWhDh2`tM "@m8«-iv 7mp\Za Za`mo£µtVrD¥
rpa`_ iM 7hFtVrDrpjZ~lmpa8ï2[t\7iM 7la4hDj7\`iVhaWh`«/ Za8£ rpjZa8hI¨©tMrd}¡qe @tPtll ZiMVtMrp¾mp\Z_ ¨©tMrF}Y I´
_*aWhDhpivVaIl?+/j7hDtM iMrDaFj7haWï C±a`iM/mmD\7ad´2 F´2ªy}¡qe ¿t<tll Z4iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_«PiM 7 mhlamivaW
*mD\7a2¨©tMt£ ZhDa8mDtM Á¯#[]\Zhs_*tll¬7a8 Va`rhtM *tM¨Ã}qe @7t<tll ZmpiM¥MaWhN PmpttV 7hla8rpivmDtM UmD\Za
~/tVhphDZ¾mon mp\7imI}qe tMrpV 7ivmDtVriVZlrpa8hphaWhµ_*M\Pm2/aljZ~Z8impa8ï
[]\Za2´I I´Iªº}¡qµe @7t<tll 7iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_·hNtM 7njha`¨©jZZ¨©tVr }¡j7¾mp~ZaI ZZrDaWhDhN´Fa8`iMrpivmDtM Ê«Zjlm
`tMjZ/a j7hDa8± ³Ma8 Za`riv¨©tMriM <n¡¥P 7±tv¨_UaWhDhpivVa£\Z\³ 7`jla8hdmp\Za* Ztlla*la8 PmD¬7a`rW¯U[]\7h
Va`rhtM Utv¨Á}¡qµe @7t<tll 7hµ`iMa8 .2 &( $, NÇ ?G( $*tMr -.5 , NÇ
?( $
5 )>1"%6 3$6 ' &;. 'E'01+./:"%+ 53'E' ' )*'3 ) &
+ !
´I I´Iªº}¡qµe @7t<tll 7Àh\ZtVjZÈ\7iCMamp\Za~ZrptM~/a`rDmonÀmp\7imm£dtV Vmp <jZamDtÀ£tMrp¥Àa`Va` È ¼mD\Za
~7rDaWha8 7aUtv¨µZjZ~Z8imDa iVZlrpa8hphaWhI Ymp\Za* Zamo£tMrp¥-¯[]\Zh~ZrptM~/a`rDmon_*aWiv 7hdmp\7imW«Á ±mD\7a*iM7hDa` 7`a
tM¨N~7iM¥VamItVhph`«7mD\ZaU´2 I´Iªy}¡qe·¿tPtll Z£iMt£iQ} I´ ~7iV¥MamImDtQrpa8iV\iMmD\7a Ztlla8hF
mp\ZaI 7amo£tMrp¥/¯# Êmpj7ivnU£a2£- ZtMmiM£]iCnlhNaiv7ampt\7iCVa2akZiVÊmDnUmD\Zhµ~ZrDtV~a8rmonV¯wIt£µa8Ma8rs£µa
£/\iCMa2mp\Zad£µaWiv¥Ma8r~ZrptM~/a`rDmon homimp Z4mD\im¨©tMrmo£µt4 Ztlla8h 2iM 7 Fjh Zmp\ZahDiM_*aFiM7lrDaWhDh
«7jlm\ZtMl Zl?+/a8rDa8 Pm Ztlla Za` PmD¬7a`rh/iM 7 /Ump\ZaQ´2 I´ _*a8hphDiMMa*tv¨ 4£µa
rpa8`a`MaWQ<n iv 7<`adVa`rhDimD\7a´2 I´ _UaWhDhpivVaFtM¨ £Á/arDaWa`MaWQ<n C¯
[tla`¬7 ZaUiv 7~ZrptMamp\Za*tMrprpa8Êmp Za8hph]tv¨Nmp\Za4´I I´Iªº}¡qµe @7t<tll ZiMVtMrp¾mp\Z_ £a£_ iv¥Va
mp\Zad¨©tMt£ ZUiMhphjZ_*~lmptV 7h8¯ C³a£ÁiMhphj7_UaImD\7ivm]mD\Za8rDaivrpaItV Zn*mo£tU Ztlla8h£mD\i4lj7~Z`ivmDaW
iVZlrpa8hph2 mp\Za4 7amo£tMrp¥/¯dxy mp\ZaU¨©tMt£ Z«£a£NhDa`a4mD\7ivmFmp\ZhdiVhDhDjZ_*~lmptV Y`iM YiMmDj7iMn¡a
hDM Z¬`iM PmDn £µaWiv¥Ma8 Za8Á¯
Ô¤amFjhItV 7hDla8r2tM 7a~7ivrItM¨N Ztlla8hI£\Z\¡\iCMaljZ~7`ivmDaiVZlrpa8hphaWh`¯ÔÁa`mIj7hFla` ZtMmDa<n
iM 7
mD\7a8hDa2mo£t ZtllaWhs£mD\hpiv_*aIiVZlrpa8hph «P7jlm]Z+-a`rpa` Pmµ 7t<ZaIla` PmD¬7a8rph/
iM 7 /
iM 7Qamj7hZa` ZtMmDadPn Ump\Zalhomiv 7`aM«< <jZ_/a`rtM¨¤\ZtV~7h`«</amo£a`a8 !
iM 7
¯sÔ¤am]j7hiMhphDjZ_*a
mp\7im2/tvmp\tv¨¤mp\Za`_ ha8 7i*} I´_*aWhDhpivVa
iM 7 ¯
C³a± PmDa8 7ÈmDt iMZ h~/a8`iMFrpjZa8hmDtÀmp\Za±}qe @7t<tll Z(iMVtMrp¾mp\Z_ mDt \iv 7lamp\Za±}Y I´
_*aWhDhpivVa8h8¯C¼¾mp\mD\ZaWhaiVZlmDtM 7iMÁrpjZaWh£a_j7hmI/a ¡i ~/tVhDmDtM mDt ~ZrptMadmp\7imI¨#mD\Za8rDah Zt
~iM¥Ma`mstPhDhNmD\ZaI}Y I´J_UaWhDhpivVa]tv¨" £7/aIrpa8`a`Ma84<n# IiM 7UPaIMa`rhpiImp\ZaF}Y I´ _*aWhDhpivVa
tM¨ £/arpa8`a`MaW <n$ C¯([]\Za_ iM (~ZrDtVZa`_ \Za`rpatM_*aWh¨©rptM_ mp\Za}qe 8ivjZimptV
iVhI£aU\7iCMaUivrDaWiMlnha8a` ± ³i~Zrpa`<tMj7hFakZiM_U~7aV¯ Fhi_ imDmDa8rdtM¨s¨:iMm8«-mp\ZaU}qe 8ivjZimptV
hUltM ZatM iVZlrpa8hphaWhhDt¡mD\7a}¡qµe hDam*tv¨Ii 7t<Za_ iCn° ZtvmUa~ZrptM~/a`rpn°`iM`jZivmDaW ¾¨F¾m*\7iMh
iVZlrpa8hphFZjZ~Z8imDtM ± ³mphCªº\ZtV~ Za`M\</tMrp\Zt<tlï[]\Za`rpa¨©tVrDaV«/mD\Za }¡qeÒhDam_ iCn¡ Ztvm~ZrptM~/a`rpn
`tMa8rNmD\ZaCªº\ZtM~ 7a`M\<tVrD\7tPtl*tM¨ÃmD\Zh ZtllaM¯#xy hDj7\i8iMhDaM«<tV VmprDtV7_*a8hphpivMaWhNj7hD 7mD\7aF}¡qe
tV~lmD_*²WimptV _ iCnQ ZtMma~ZrptM~ivVivmDaW mDt iMÁ 7t<Za8h] mp\Za Za`mo£µtVrD¥-¯
Ô¤amsj7hNla8 Ztvmpa]Pn &%/mD\7a]hDamstM¨ ZtllaWh#£\Z\UiMrDaakZiMmDnimslhmpiv a'Átv¨( iM 74ivmslhmpiM 7a
*)+'¤tM¨"
«V¨©tMr',.-&0/2131414/5 *) &76V¯[]\ZtVhDa ZtllaWhsivrpa~Zrpa8hDa`nmD\ZaI Ztlla8h£\Z\ iMrDa]tM QihD\ZtVrmpa8hm
~imD\±¨©rptM_8
mpt9
¯*w2a8 7aUmp\Za ha`mph %
iMrDaU Za`Va`ra`_*~lmon±h 7a ih\7tMrDmDa8hm~7imp\±a`k<hmph8¯4 2
a`kZiv_*~ZadtM¨hDj7\¡ha`mph]h]j7homprpivmDaW ¬7MjZrpa7¯
! #"%$
'&)(+*-,/.1032546798
:<; >= /?# A@ = /= # CBD FE GD !; 'DH= 'I
JLKNMOKNM
I+7P8
Q * R& D /=ST GDUSWVX;Y? !; R=Z DD /=!=FB D-!; F[(# R&\;E=2Y] Y[_^Z `;
#; /aQ ;H= = D /=ST GDSbV GD0@@!; " !Z0 /D![ D C=D #;Y?# #DEG@ "#G=
mp\Za`r bªº\ZtV~Yiv 7³Cªº\ZtM~Y Za`M\</tMrhFiV`tVrpZ ZmDttMjZriMhphDjZ_*~lmDtM ±tv¨tV Znmo£t Ztlla8hd£mD\±i
ZjZ~Z8imDaWiVZlrpa8hph`¯#w2a8 7aiv7mp\Za Pmpa`rp_UaWlivrpn4 ZtllaWh]`ivj7ivmDa2mp\Za`r]}¡qe ha`m~ZrptM~/a`rpnM¯N½<t7«
jh Zmp\Zad}qe @7t<tll Zmp\ZaI_*aWhDhpivVa8h 2iv 7 2£-/aF`tMrprDaWÊmDnU~ZrDtV~7ivPimpa84mDtmD\ZaF Ztlla8h
iM 7 rpa8hD~aWÊmDMa8n¡iM 7mD\7a4tV "@7Êmd£#aUlampa8Êmpa8ï C¼mD\YmD\ZaUhDiM_UaUtV 7hla8rpivmDtM £µa
8iv h\7t£ mD\im8«l mD\Zh28iMhDaM«Ziv-mD\7a} I´ _UaWhDhpivVa8hµ£Árpa8iV\ivÃmp\Za Zamo£tMrp¥ ZtllaWh`¯
xy ±¬7VjZrDa 7 Ztlla8h iv 7. lt ZtMmd\7iCVaUZjZ~Z8imDtM h ±mD\Za8r b`ª@\7tM~±iM 7±ª@\7tM~Y 7a`M\<tVrph
iV``tMrl 7±mptÀtMj7r Z¾mpiMFiVhDhDjZ_*~lmDtM ¤¯S[]\7a`rpa¨©tMrpaM«mp\Za±} F´_*aWhDhpivVa8hQl?+-j7haWÈ<n ¡iv
Q£rpa8iM\ 7t<ZaU¯±¢It<Za `iM la`mDa8mmp\Za`tM "@7ÊmU<n±a`kliM_* Z Z¡mp\Za ZtllaQla` PmD¬7a8rph
`tM PmpiM 7a8Q mD\Zarpa8`a`MaW} F´_*a8hphDiMMa8h8¯#[]\Za8hDa_UaWhDhpivVa8hh\7tMjZ/arpa`iCnMa8<nU«laW`iMj7ha
m\7iVhs/a`a8 Q\ZtVhDa` iMhµiv Q}¡qµe¼<n iM 7+¡¯xy QtMj7r`iVhaV«vmD\7hh ZtvmsmprD<iMB¯xy ¨:iVÊm8«P_*a8hphDiMMaWh
Va` Za8rpivmDaWPn iM 7 _ iCn\7iCVa4tVhDa4hDa8»PjZa8 7a4 <jZ_/a`rh`«-£\Z\Y_ iCn~Zrpa`Va` PmItM 7a4tM¨smD\Za
mo£thDamhµtM¨Á_*a8hphDiMMa8hs¨©rDtV_ a8 Z4rDa8iCnVa8*<n¦:ZjZaImpt~/tVhphZaIa`k<hmDa` aItM¨iZjZ~Z8imDaImDjZ~7a
7l`ivmD Z*mD\imFhDj7\i*_*a8hphDiMMa\7iC< Z*mD\Za4hDiM_UahDa8»PjZa8 7a Pj7_/a`rIiM 7tMrpV imDtVr8«<\7iVh2/a`a8
rpa8`a`MaW4iM 7U~ZrDtl`a8hphaW7§Ê¯C±aI Za`aW4\7a`rpa]mDtiVZ*iv *ak<mDrirpjZa]mptivt£ } I´J_*a8hphDiMMa]rpa`iCnP Z¯
C³a_*tll¨©nmD\Za]} F´ ZjZ~Z8imDaµ_*a8hphDiMMala`mDaWÊmDtM ¤«£\Z\£V/a7iMhDa8tV mD\Za ZtllaµtMrpV 7ivmDtVr
iVZlrpa8hph`«-mp\Za*_*a8hphDiMMa4hDa8»PjZa8 7a* <jZ_4a8r8«Á~7j7hdmp\Za* Ztlla*Za` PmD¬7a`rW¯*w2a` aM« iv . }Y I´
_*aWhDhpivVa8h#£/aI¨©tMrp£iMrpZa84Pn iv8iMhDa8hsiM 7*rDaWiM\ iM 7+¡¯N¢2tMmDa2\7a`rpamD\7ivmsmD\7aF}¡qe
8ivjZimptV tM¨ hNi+/aWÊmDaW4ZjZa]mDtdmD\7a~ZrDaWha8 7atv¨-ljZ~Z`impa8*iM7lrDaWhDhDa8h Umphsª@\7tM~ 7a`M\<tVrph
¦ iM 7 §Ê¯ \Zt<tVhDa8htV Zn±tM Za Ztlla a`mo£µa8a` iM 7 iMhiM }¡qe mpttMa8r¾mh4ª@\ZtV~
7a`M\<tVrph8¯N[]\Za\ZtPha8 }¡qµe«hD\ZtMj7iMm2¥Ma Ztlla iMh2Za8hprp/a8a`¨©tMrpamDt*rpa`iCn mD\Za}Y I´
_*aWhDhpivVa8h8¯2¿ZtMt£ ZQmD\ZhdrDjZaM«/£a4ivrpahDjZrpamD\7ivmFtV ZatM¨NmD\Za4mo£µt Ztlla8hU¦ iM 7 W§rpa8`a`Ma8h
mp\ZaQ} F´&_*a8hphDiMMaWhMa` 7a`rimDaW<nmp\ZaQtMmD\Za8r ZtllaQiv 7°8iv lampa8mmD\ZaQ`tM "@m8¯ C³a £hDa`a
£mD\*mp\ZaI 7ak<mµ`iVhaV«M£\Za8rDa 7«PiM Ztvmp\Za`rsrpjZa]mD\7ivmiMt£2hmD\ZaImo£µt`tM "@mD Z ZtllaWhNmDt4lampa8Êm
mp\ZaiM7lrDaWhDh]lj7~Z`ivmDtM Á¯
xy `iVhaFtv¨lhmpiv a 7«< Ztlla8h iv 7 ¦¬7VjZrpav§µltU Ztvm] Za8a8 mptU\7tPtPhadiv }qe mptU`tMa8r
rpa8hD~/a8ÊmpVa`n*mD\Za8rdCªº\ZtM~ Za`M\</tMrh iv 7! dhD 7admD\7a`n\iCMaFmD\Zahpiv_*aiMZZrDaWhDh8¯ 7lrDaWhDh
h`tM 7hDZa`rpa8³iMhitM 7a \ZtM~° Za8V\P/tMrW¯ xy tV VmprpiVhomW« \Zt<tVhDa8h Ztlla iVhi}¡qeÒmDt¡rpa8iV\
7t<ZaU«/iM 7 Ztlla& \Zt<tPhaWhÒiMhIi }qeSmDtrDaWiM\ Ztlla¯xy ¡mD\ZhIhDmDj7ivmDtM Á«/iv 7mp\7iv Z¥lh
mptmD\ZaI Za`£ÈrpjZaFla8hprp/a8U~Zrpa`<tMj7hDnM«mp\Za } I´ _*a8hphDiMMa8h#£7rpa8iM\U Ztlla U«<iv UmD\Za2tV Za8h
Va` Za8rpivmDaW*Pn+ £/iMrDrpVaIim] Ztlla!Q¯8jlm8«"Òiv 7lt 7tvm\Zt<tVhDa2a8iV\Qtvmp\Za`r]iMhiv }qe«
`tM 7hDa8»PjZa8 PmDnM« `iM Y ZtMmFrpa8a8Va4} F´ _*a8hphDiMMa8hFtV_U Z¨©rDtV_ «ÁiM 7 }Y I´ _*a8hphDiMMaWh
£ Za`Va`r*rDaWiM\ ZtllaV¯ [t³mpiM¥<amp\Zh*~ZrDtVZa`_«£a¡iMZ iv ZtMmD\Za8r*rDjZamDt°a` 7iMZa}Y I´
rpa`iCn< 7*¨©tMrhj7\hDmDj7ivmDtM 7h8«ÃiMh¨©tVt£2hG9¨µi VVa` 7t<Za rpa8`a`Ma8hIi} F´ _*aWhDhpivVa¨©rDtV_ i
7a`M\<tVr Ò«¤iv 7 Z³ ZtMmhDa`a8m iVhiv °}¡qe«Ãmp\Za` ¤«¤ Ztlla £Nrpa`~/a8immp\Zh_*aWhDhpivVa
¨]¾mla`mDaWÊmphdmp\7imtV Za*tv¨¾mh bªº\ZtM~± Za`M\</tMrhd\7iMhdmp\ZaQhDiM_*aUiVZlrpa8hphiMhFmD\Za tV Za tV Vmiv Za8±
mp\Za} I´_*aWhDhpivVaM¯#[]\Zad}Y I´[[Ô±CiMj7aFh]~Zjlm]mDtbFmDt*iCMtM*mp\ZaImprpiM 7hD_UhphtM QtM¨ÁmD\7a}Y I´
_*aWhDhpivVaF/a`nVtM 7mD\Za`tM "@mD Z* Ztlla8h8¯
"# %= #
!#"