HAL Id: inria-00073431
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073431
Submitted on 24 May 2006
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Algorithms and Reductions for Rewriting Problems
Rakesh M. Verma, Michaël Rusinowitch, Denis Lugiez
To cite this version:
Rakesh M. Verma, Michaël Rusinowitch, Denis Lugiez. Algorithms and Reductions for Rewriting
Problems. [Research Report] RR-3258, INRIA. 1997, pp.21. �inria-00073431�
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Algorithms and Reductions for Rewriting Problems
Rakesh M. Verma, Michael Rusinowitch, Denis Lugiez
N ˚ 3258
Septembre 1997
TH ` EME 2
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