HAL Id: inria-00073322
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073322
Submitted on 24 May 2006
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Newton Method in 3-Dimensional Shape Optimization Problems
Arian Novruzi, Jean R. Roche
To cite this version:
Arian Novruzi, Jean R. Roche. Newton Method in 3-Dimensional Shape Optimization Problems.
[Research Report] RR-3367, INRIA. 1998, pp.33. �inria-00073322�
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Newton method in 3-dimensional Shape Optimization Problems.
Arian Novruzi and Jean R. Roche
N ˚ 3367
F´evrier 1998
TH ` EME 4
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