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HAL Id: inria-00072789

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072789

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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Object Rotation Axis from Shading

Jürgen Stauder, Henri Nicolas

To cite this version:

Jürgen Stauder, Henri Nicolas. Object Rotation Axis from Shading. [Research Report] RR-3865, INRIA. 2000. �inria-00072789�

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ISRN INRIA/RR--3865--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Object Rotation Axis from Shading

J¨urgen Stauder, Henri Nicolas

No 3865

January 2000

TH `EME 3

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