HAL Id: inria-00072499
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072499
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Stack Algorithms in Implicit Framing, Free Access and Blocked Access for CATV Networks
Cédric Adjih, Philippe Jacquet, Paul Mühlethaler
To cite this version:
Cédric Adjih, Philippe Jacquet, Paul Mühlethaler. Stack Algorithms in Implicit Framing, Free Access and Blocked Access for CATV Networks. [Research Report] RR-4129, INRIA. 2001. �inria-00072499�
ISRN INRIA/RR--4129--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
Stack Algorithms in Implicit Framing, Free Access and Blocked Access for CATV Networks
C´edric Adjih , Philippe Jacquet , Paul M¨uhlethaler
No 4129
Mars 2001
TH `EME 1
>@?BA!CEDGFIH AKJLDGMONQPRM!DGSTDGU!UWVYX[ZF]\_^Va`bNQPcZ=^!SedgfM!ShVa`iMZ=SGVBC
j'kmlLnpoqRr s(tLuvoEwyxBz{o|}uv~Buv|lLnpoLu
W1vo|e} Qs.'
s}wymv|(ovoLkmokmo"mqir %wyvucyqer qKwyyoLu
!¡¢E£1¤m¥y¢a¦ §b|¨km©ªucmwy[oc«¬omvoLuoa|2©®I|kmo"¯hwynpo«¬°y¯wyLouu±mvy|¨BL²ªu'¯h
.wy³m²®o%j.´ µ¶·Wj.´±¸¹mo|§«¬°]uoLv¯hyn wya|wymºoLwyuv~»©®npm²®on o]|¨w|¨©ª¼y¯uv|w°
wy²®y©ª|kmnpuc«(©ª|k½w½©®npm²ª©®L©¾|c¯hwynp©®m#uvkmoLnpoy¿¹ÀÁopxmuo wIuÂ|wy°Ywy²ªv©ª|¨kn«(©¾|¨k
w{uv©®m²ªo©®a|¨o²®oLwEÃoLÁmBLouu"©®Äw{¯hvoLop2³m²®B°yoÅwyLoLuvu@npÆoy¿ ÀÁopukm«|¨kmw|
|¨kmoc³m²®B°yowyLoLuuEwy#³oe©ªn m²ªoLnpoLa|¨op|kKwEÃoRw@mo|oLvn ©ªm©®uÂ|¨©®(³oLkKwEÃB©®yxmL¿!ÀÁo
ukm«-|kKw|w#~BKwynp©®|xmm©®{¯|¨ko wLLouu[ouv©®uv|oLmo mwy¨wynpo|oL2Ç0©®npmÃou
|¨kmo2oLv¯hyn wymLo±³y|k{©ª#|¨oLvn u'¯|kmxkmmx|cwyImo²ÈwE~BuL¿
ÉIÊaËÍÌvÎÏ £1Сy¦ .wy³m²®o2j.´Ñmo|§«¬v°½µT·Wj.´5o|§«¬°Æ¸Ò[xmmuÂ|¨oLwynkKwymoL²TÒ¯hwynÓ
©®mmÒuÂ|wy°Rwy²®y©ª|kmn{ÒL¯hooQwyLoLuuÒy³m²ªÆ°oL"wyLoLuvuLÒyoL¯hn wymoWoÃwy²ªxKw|¨©ªÔÒwLLouu
moL²®w~y¿
Õ×Öا٧ÚÛ'ØQÜݾ٧ÞGßà
()&( 3( +#& 6' )"
¡ ! ¦ obKwm©®o mvuobmwymu ²ªoILwymo%mob²ÈwÄLLoLÆ|¨©®y mobmvy|¨²®ou
#"wLLluexm}tuoEwxÆzb%$y³m²ªtLu}mo"|tL²®tÃB©®u©ª{moLuc©®npm²®tn o]|¨w|¨©ªmu'uv©®npm²®ou}o|eoLÓ
¯hn wya|¨ou'#"xbwy²ª©¾|¨kmnpoeo%m©ª²®o±wEÃyoL@x'& ¯h¨wynp©®m)(e©ªn ²®©®©ª|oy¿+*}xmu}x|¨©ª²®©ªumu
xm{wy²®y©ª|kmnpoco{©®²®o-,]xm©_n t²Èwyoe²ªoLu'tu²ªx|¨©ªmu.o±L²ª²®©®uv©® oLxmuoxm²®o.&§uoLuÓ
u©®y/(Ò}Lo|%w²®v©ª|kmn oI[ox|0|o21 wyv©ªÃytLoY³m²®3,]xmtLoyx41 wyv©ªÃytLoY²®©ª³mo¿5*}xmu
n a|mu6,]xmo"²7"wyLlLu}³m²®3,]xmt"oLxÆ|RwEÃy©®(xm%np[Â|¨on o]|}mt|¨onp©®m©ªuv|¨o¿*}xmu
n a|mutLwy²®on o]|,]xmoR²8"wivxuv|¨on oa|.~BKwynp©9,]xmocmx Kw¨wynpl|o}moRoLuv©®uÂ|¨oLLo
#"wLLluÇ[ox|wynptL²ª©®voL2²®ou[ov¯hvn¹wmLou:1b²Èw¯h©®u"oLÅ|oLnpo mo¹mtL³m©¾|o|mo
mtL²®wy©®u¿
;7Ï
¢i¡
Ì
¥=<
¦
s}tuoLwyxº $y³²®t{mo%|¨t²®tÃÆ©ªu©ª9µT·Wj.´;mo|§«v°Æ¸Ò}EwyKw²cnpa|wya|LÒ
&§¯h¨wn ©ªm>(Ò[wy²ª©¾|¨kmnpooLÄm©®²ªoyÒÔwLLlu"²ª©®³mvoyÒ_wLLlu2³m²®3,]xmtyÒ_tÃyw²®xKw|©®%mo[ov¯hÓ
n¹wyLoyÒmtL²®wy©®u'#"wyLlLu¿
Coax Amp
End user Cable TV
headend
E©®xmvoqGFIH±oLmo¨wy²_wkm©¾|¨oL|¨xmvo¯hy}·Wj.´¿
J
_p+{)"
·5·Wj.´Ñmo|§«v°#mka~Bu©®Lwy²®²¾~#²®B°]u'²®©ª°yo2w|¨voLo2n¹wmo2y¯!aw1zÆ©Èw²ÔEwy³²®oLu}wy%xmuvxÆÓ
wy²®²¾~LÃou'w#wyoLw"y¯ÔuoÃyoLwy²Í³m²ªÆ°]u¬y¯_kmxuoLu¿Qj'kmoeomÆÓ§xuoLvu'wyvoeLymmoL|¨o |¨
|¨kmo(ozB|oLmwy²KmBmoLuy¯|¨kmo'|¨voLo¿KEK|¨wymunp©®uvu©ªy¯[©®a|¨o¨wy|¨©ªÃyo(Kw|w·Wj.´ mo|ÂÓ
«v°]ukKwEÃocxmuxmwy²®²¾~|§«|§~B[ouy¯ÍkKwymmo²®uLFxmmuÂ|¨oLwyn kKwymoL²®uwympm«(muv|oLwyn
kKwymmo²¶¿NMcmuÂ|¨oLwyn kKwymmo²®uwo¹xuoLÅ|buom Kw|¨wI¯hyn wÅoLm xuoL"|¨I|kmo
kmoEwyoLmÄwyu±m«(muÂ|¨voEwyn kmwymmo²®u2wyvoxmuoÄ|#uomYKw|w¹¯hvn |¨kmokmoLwymom|¨
wyboLbxmuoL¿Rj'kom©®uÂ|¨v©®³mx|©®{uv~BuÂ|¨oLn o²®©®oucy%|¨kmo"kmoEwÆÓ§omb«(km©®k%©®ue²ªÆLw|¨o
w|'|¨kmo2vÆy|(¯|kmo±|¨ooy¿OÆooQPmxmoq¿
j'koexmmuÂ|¨voEwyn kKwymoL²[©®u³aÃÆ©ªxmuv²ª~pw2ukKwyvoL kmwymmo²Íu©ªmLoewy²®²m|kmo}oLmÆÓxmuou
n¹wE~"xmuo(©ª|!|¨±uompKw|wÆ¿We¯Lxmvuo'|¨ko'Kw|w±©ªuuxmLouuv¯hx²®²ª~uoLa|©ª¯=ym²ª~@mo'oLÆÓ
xmuo"|¨wymuvn ©¾|¨uw||¨kmopu¨wynpo|¨©®npoIµh|km©®u.&§|©®npo(@|wy°oLu@©ªa|¨bwLLyxma|mvKwyaw1|¨©®y
moL²®w~¸Ôy|kmoL«(©®uoQ©¾|©ªu)w}²®²ª©®uv©®Ô¿Íj'kmoLvo¯hvowyoLRp©®oLa|!wyLoLuvu!mvy|¨BL²a©ªu_moLomoL
|¨¹uvkKwyvo"|¨k©®u}³Kwym«(©ª|¨kÍ¿cj'kmo@moLuv©®Iy¯QwyLoLuvu±kKwymoL²!uvkmoLnpo"¯hyR·Wj.´xÆÓ
uv|¨voEwyn0kKwymoL²Ô©ªum©ªuxmuuvoL{©®TS×qVUÍwym ¯hxmÂ|¨kmo.³Kwy°]vxmm#¯h.·Wj.´7mo|§«¬°]u
©®u(©ªÃyoLÔ¿ §%KwyÂ|¨©ªLxm²®wy'¨wy©®m wymIuv~Bmkmvm©Ew|©®{ukmon ou±wyvo"m©ªuxmuuvoLÔ¿' §
S¾qVU«oxmuvoIw%|oo{yuv|w° wy²®y©¾|¨kmn;|¨vxm²®o |kmo#Ly]|oLa|¨©ª wyLoLuuy¯R·Wj.´
xmmuv|oLwyn kKwymoL²¶¿¼ § SU'¯hxv|¨koL«v° ©®npm²®on oa|w|©® wm oL¯hn wymo
wyKwy²¾~Æuv©®u¯c|oLo{wy²ªv©ª|¨kn;©® |¨kmo ¯hwynpo«¬°Áy¯±·Wj.´mo|§«y° ©®uoLuvoLa|¨oÔ¿
OÆkKwyv©®mwY·Wj.´ xmuv|oEwn kKwymoL²'vo%,]xm©®voLu©ª wymm©¾|¨©ªÁ|Ywb¨wymn wLLouu
ukmon o2wouovÃw|¨©ª#ukoLnpoy¿Qj'kmo2ukKw©®³[o|§«ooL{|¨kmo±wymmn*wyLoLuvucuvkmoLnpo
wymb|¨koouoLÂÃw|¨©ªukmon o©ªue|¨kooLuvxm²ª|Ry¯w¹¯h¨wynp©®¹mvy|¨BL²T¿R § SD U«¬om©®uÓ
Lxmuvuem©ÍooLa|}¯h¨wynp©®py|Ʋ®u¿.!zÆLoLÆ|e¯h}ozÆoLv|ue©ªIwymmn wLLouuRuvkmoLnpo
o¯hoomLou=S×qÒmÆÒ D U[«(©®²ª²[³o±moLoLuvu¨wyÂ~ |¨¯hxm²ª²ª~pxmmoLuÂ|wy|kmoR«¬° mouoLa|oL%©ª
|¨km©ªu}mwy[oL¿¬ §I|¨k©®u(KwyoL'«¬o@xmuvo|kmo"uv©®my²®o±©®a|oL²ªoEwEÃo%uÂ|wy°{wy²ª©¾|¨kmn0©®#¯hvoLo
wymY³m²®B°yo½wLLouu2«(km©®kÄ©®u±oLu©ª³[oÁ©ª SUWwymY«o«(©®²ª²!mu©ªmoLwyY©ªn m²ª©®©ª|
¯h¨wynp©®m SD UT¿ À½ouki«|¨kKw||kmo{³m²®B°yo»wyLouu¹Lwy¼³[o©®npm²ªoLnpoLa|¨oÅ|¨ÄkKwEÃo
wo|¨onp©®m©ªuv|©®@³oLkmwÃB©ªxmL¿ÀÁowy²ªu#uki«5|¨kKw|2Æ~Æmwyn ©ª@|¨xm©®my¯¬oLuv©®uÂ|¨oLLo
wyLoLuuKwywynpo|¨oÇ ©®npmviÃyoLuW|¨ko}oL¯hn wymo(³[y|k©®|¨oLvn-y¯[|¨kmvxmkmx|¬wym
moL²®w~Bu¿±j'km©®ucKwyoLR©ªuevawym©LoLbwyue©¾|e¯h²ª²®«(uL¿6OÆoL|¨©®yY ©¾ÃoLuRw¹ukmyv|±voLn wy©®ÆÓ
moL±¯hRuÂ|wy°b¯hvoLopwymY³m²ªÆ°oLÁwyLoLuvuwy²ª©¾|¨kmnpucwymÄmÃB©®mou±|§«{©®np[yv|w]|
moLÂ|¨©ªoLu±y¯|¨kmouo wy²®y©¾|¨kmnpuL¿ OÆoL|¨©®y
D
voLv|uuv©®nx²Èw|©®bvoLuvxm²ª|u2¯hy±uv|w°
wy²®y©ª|kmnpue³y|¨kY¯h±¯hoo¹wyLouu@y³²®B°yoL½wyLoLuvuL¿# §Á|kmouoLm½Kwyv|y¯uoÓ
|¨©®y D «o#uÂ|¨xmÆ~Åkm«0|¨kmo Æ~Æmwyn ©ª¹|¨xm©®m%y¯}[ou©ªuv|oLmowyLoLuuKw¨wynpo|oLÇ
©®npmÃou.|¨kmo2oL¯hn wymo±©®#|¨onpu}¯|kmxkmmx|}wmIoL²ÈwE~BuL¿
j'k©®uemwy[oekKwue³oLoL%muvoLwyuew¹Ly]|©ª³mx|¨©ª|¨ |kmo QQaÆ¿¾qE¹nÓ
n ©¾|¨oLo¿
2{
À½o2¯hÆxmu}%uv©®m²ªo2©®a|¨o²®oLwEÃouv|w°%wy²ªv©ª|¨kn uÒÆ«(©ª|kI|kmo¯hy²®²®«(©ªmoLoL¨w²moÓ
uLv©®|©®$F
¸c|kmokmoLwyÆÓ§omÄn¹wy©ªa|wy©ªmuRw¹ÃB©®Â|¨xKw²uv|¨wy°by¯¬La|oLa|¨©ªYxmu2wymÄw
ÃB©®v|xKwy²Æuv|w°@y¯uxLLouu¯hxm²[vo%,]xmouv|¨u¿QQwykxpa|wy©ªmuomÆÓ§xuoLvuW«(km©®k
kKwEÃoL²ª²®©ªmoL¹|o|¨kmo}©ª#|¨kmo©®'²Èwuv|.|¨wymuvn ©ªuuv©®w|v|¨on |L¿
"!$#&%(')'+*,%-".0/1.
X
!32)/145%
X76 498:4";
X
4 872=<>!$?:4
X
.@8:4A %CB34AD*
X
E?&B$.
X
2)F48HG
\I
¸e|kmopwy²®y©ª|kmn oLoL©¾Ãou"¯hoLom³Kwy°FL²ª²®©ªu©®ymuLÒ_wmÁuvxmLoLuvuxm²¬o%,]xmouv|uL¿
|WmxmuvkmoLuLyoumm©ªm±Ly]|oLa|¨©ªyxmmuQwymuvxmLoLuu¯hxm²=o ,BxoLuv|u¬uÂ|¨voL
©® |kmo2uv|w°Bu¿
¸R|¨ko¹wy²ªv©ª|¨kn wy²ª²®BEw|oLuR|¨ko¹uo|@¯'u²ªy|¨uÒxmuv©®m{|¨kmopo ,]xmoLuÂ|¨uLyÆÓ
|¨o]|©®u'xmu'¯hn0|¨kmo2uv|¨wy°]uVF
0 ¸©¾¯©¾|(©®u'vo%,]xmoLuÂ|EÒK|¨koL{Kw|wnp©®m©ªu²®|¨u¬wyowy²ª²®BEw|oL
0
¸_©ª¯K©¾|!©ªu!wcLa|¨oa|¨©®yyxmÔÒ|kmoL@La|¨oa|¨©®yn ©ªm©®uv²®y|u)wyo¨w]|oL
«(©ª|k{wyI©ªmoLa|©PKo'y¯|kmo2mo%,]xmoxmoL%xÔ¿
0 ¸¼unpoÆEwyuv©®upa|¨o]|©® n ©ªm©®uv²®y|uwyvo{y¨wya|¨o ¯ho«.Ó
Lyn ouLÒ«(©¾|¨k wImo¯Gwyx²ª|µLLo]¸"yxm½©®mo]|©PKoL¿ OÆxk wbmo«0vxm
«(©®²ª²Í³o2Ewy²ª²®oL{w
,3 &,&3
¿
Iwya~m©[oLvoLa|([y²®©®©®ou.Ewy{³o©ªn ²®oLnpoLa|oL «(©ª|km©® |km©®u.¯hwynpo«¬°F
O]|wy° n wyKwoLnpoLa| _ E E! E
ew|wÃouvxmuea|¨oLa|©®{u²ªy|¨u m©ª©¾|§~ | mw|w uv|w°Bu}npoLyoL
*}o«¬LnpoL}wyLouu ¯hoo"wLLouu ³m²®B°yo%wyLouu
*}o«¬LnpoLvucoLvu©ªuv|¨omLo qÓ§oLvu©ªuv|¨omLo xmu©ªm[ou©ªuv|oLmo@s
ÀÁo2kKwEÃo©®npm²®on oa|¨oL |§«¬|§~ÆoLu}y¯uv|¨wy°#n¹wKwyon o]|VF
w.LaÃyoLa|¨©ªKwy²)wyuÂ|vÓ§ §BÓ E!©ªuv|ÂÓÂRx|[uv|¨wy°±wy²ª©¾|¨kmn F_ E a|¨o]|©®2vxm
uv|¨wy°=Ò_ EOmw|wuv|¨wy°=Ò=m©ª©¾|§~ |pmw|w¿
wE! E»uÂ|wy°"wy²®y©¾|¨kmn FÍKw1|wewm@a|¨oLa|©®yxm"uv|¨wy°]un ooÔÒGE E
uv|¨wy°=¿
·Onpo±mo|wy©ª²®oImou©®Æ|¨©®yIy¯|¨kmo©®npm²ªoLnpoLa|w|©®¹y¯!|kmoE EÑwy²®y©ª|kmn
©®u©¾Ão ©ª S&UT¿KEK!|kmoLuvo'|§«"wy²®y©¾|¨kmnpuLÒu©®n@xm²Èw|©®u«¬oLo(mymoyÒ]ozÆoLv©®npoLa|¨©ªm
«(©ª|¨k¯hoowyLouueÃyoLuvxmuR³m²ªÆ°oLwLLouuÒÔwymI[ouv©®uv|oLmo@ÃouvxmuRmBÓ§oLuv©®uÂ|¨oLLo
µÂqÓ [ou©ªuv|oLmo¸¿
ÀÁo1PKuÂ|¬oLuvoLa|.y|¨©ªLoEw³m²®o'mvoLv|©®ou¯[|kmoew²®v©ª|kmn u©®|¨kocmozB|uvoL|©®ÍÒ
wym{w¯|¨o'|¨kmouoyÒ=voLux²ª|¨u'¯!|¨kouv©®nx²Èw|©®mu¿
!#"$%!&(')!* (+,-
§Á|¨k©®uuoL|¨©ªÁ«¬o uki« ©ªn Â|wya|2mv[ov|©®oLuy¯'uv©®my²®o©®a|¨o²ªoEwEÃo¹wy²®y©ª|kmnpuLÒ
KwynpoL²ª~%w#³[yxmmÄ|¨kmo]xmn³oL2y¯¬Kwywy²®²ªoL²!²®²ª©®uv©®IoLuv²®xÆ|¨©®yb|¨ooLuÒ!wyY|kmo
[uvu©ª³m©®²ª©ª|§~py¯©®npm²®on o]|©®m@mo|oLnp©®©®uv|©®c³m²®B°yobwy²ª©¾|¨kmnpuL¿
./102/10 3 Ï 54Ð Ï 4»¢76 Ê 4# ! Ê £ Ï98;: ¤m£i¤ << Ê <¬¥ Ï < <1<T¡=<Ï 4 £ Ê ¡ Ï <)¢>< Ï 4¼¢E£ Ê]Ê ¡
§|¨km©ªuuo|¨©ª«¬o'©®aÃouv|¨©ªaw|o'wRmy[ov|§~«(km©®k©®u!Lnpn y"|¨±oÃov~uv©®m²ªo©ª]|oLÓ
²®oEwEÃyo}uÂ|wy°@[²ª©®~Òy«(kKw1|¨oÃyoL¬©ª|W©ªu¯hoLo}wyLouuW³m²®B°yo¹wLLouu¿j'k©®uWmv[ov|§~©ªu
©®a|¨ooLuÂ|¨©ªm³[oEwyxuo©ª|'uvkm«(u}|kKw|'uv©®m²ªoR©®a|oL²ªoEwEÃo2uÂ|wy°#w²®v©ª|kmn u©®©ªn m²ª©®©ª|
¯h¨wynp©®mÄwyxÆ|¨n w|¨©ªEwy²ª²ª~Áuo²ª¯2uv|¨wy³m©ª²®© o#«(©ª|¨k ©®npm²®©ªL©¾|wym oLRpL©ªoLa|#o%,]xm©¾Ãwy²®o]| y¯
uoÃyoLwy²)©®a|¨o²®oLwEÃoLu'«(km©ªkIÃB©®mowy{|©®n wy²[xÆ|¨©®²ª©Lw|¨©ª¹y¯|¨ko³mwym«(©ª|¨kÔ¿
? Ï < <@<G¡=<Ï 4 Ê ¡ Ï < )¢><Ï 4A£ Ê]Ê ¡CBD? AFE
/
!zÆLo|@¯hy±By|2yxmmuLÒoEwk½vxm
Ewy²ª²®oLI³a~I|kmoc(Ò 1G +HG ,]xmoLxmoY©®%|kmo"ÃB©®Â|¨xKw²a|¨oLa|©®buÂ|wy°{Lyn oue¯hn |kmo
|¨oLvKwyÂ~Åu²®©ª|@y¯}wy ²ªmoL"xÅ«(km©®k kKwEÃo©¾Ão ©®uvo¹|¨Ywb²®²ª©®uv©®Ô¿%j'km©®u©ªu
|¨xo%oÃyoLg©®¼¯hoowyLoLuvu u©ªmLo%|kmo%yxmu#wyxmnpoLa|oL y¯2o«¬LnpoLvu#wyoIuv|©®²®²
©ª©®Kw1|¨oL¯hvn|¨kmo}|¨oLvKwyÂ~ uvm²®©¾|y¯)wy y²®moyxmÍ¿Wj'kmoLvo¯hvoc«¬oREwy ¯hn wy²®²¾~
³Kwy°a«.w²®©ªm°±|¨kmo.yxmu³[o|§«ooL|¨kmonÑ©ªvmoL!|±³|¨wy©®
C,++
y¯=vxmmuÒaoEwyk
|¨oo |¨onp©®Kw|©®m%¼wYuv©®my²®o vÆy|yxmÍ¿½À½o#Lwy²®²uxmk uv|¨vxm|xmo{wIJª²®©®uv©®
s}ou²ªx|¨©ª%jooµ¶.s!j}¸¿[·Ñmo«-.s!j ©ªueoLboLwykb|¨©ªn o"w¹vÆy|cvxmb©ªueEw²®²®o
³]~p|¨koRe'¿B· .s!jg©ªu¬²®uvoL¹«(kmo#©ª|u²Èwuv|¬x kKwyu¬³[ooL#Ew²®²®o¹wm kKwyu©ªÃyoL
& *c²®²ª©®uv©®/(¬¯hoLom³Kwy°=¿Q· .sjg«(k©®k kKwumy|¬~o|.³oLoL#²®uvoL ©ªu¬uwy©®p|¨³oe©ª
mBLouu©ªmm¿
Àg©¾|¨k{|¨kmou©ªm²®o2©ª]|oLv²®oEwEÃyo@uv|¨wy°Iwy²®y©ª|kmn{ÒÆ|¨ko.s!juem²®wE~#|¨kmo²ªo"¯ &©ªnÓ
m²®©ªL©ª| (R©ªa|¨oLv²®oLwÃyoLu}u©ªmLouoÃoLwy²W.sj9EwyIu©ªnxm²ª|¨wymoxmu²¾~ ³o"©ªmBLouu©ªmm¿ÀÁo
mo¯ho(|pwymoLmm©×z#|¨koBy¯y¯|kmo±¯h²®²ª«(©®m©ªn Â|wya|'mvoLv|§~F
I £ Ï9:WÊ £i¢ Ë 0KJ
+MLON+ )+ =PG /+RQSN+ B.++'&%&)-&/78++5/%N 78 '2T
22 ($ )+: !47%&'=)++&,+?&- 3UL &%&2+ 9 2!WV1+3C!
<#,++ &$+&4XQ A,3+
Y Z[,]\ &'^O!&_&UU`a^_2-b%&K-cd#-b !e(
À½o"wyuuvxmnpo@kmoo"|kKw|ew ³m²ªÆ°oLwLLouuRuÂ|wy°{wy²ªv©ª|¨kn©®u}xmuvoLÔÒ«(©ª|¨k%wya~|§~Æo
y¯!a|¨o]|©®2fKw|¨wuÂ|wy°]u@µ _ EÒE! EÒn ooÔÒ + HG
¸¿
§@³m²®B°yowyLoLuvuLÒmo« LnpoLvu!moÃo!©®a|oLv¯hoo«(©ª|¨k"Lxmvo]|²ª~,]xmoLxoLvxmmu¿
j'kBxu.wy oLm xmuo¬«(©ª|k¹w2o ,]xmoLuÂ|'moÃyoL|¨©ªoLp³[o¯ho(«(©®²ª²|¨wymuvn ©¾|Q©ª|Q¯hW|¨kmo1PKvuv|
|¨©®npoe©ªwBy|'vxmÔ¿W §#|¨ko±u©®n@xm²Èw|©®u¬«(©ª|km©® «owyuvuxmnpo±|¨kKw|.uxmk{oLm{xmuvoL
|¨¨wmunp©ª|u.©®#|¨koozB|cwÃwy©ª²Èwy³²®oevÆ|(xÔ¿
OB©®mo{oLwyk»yxm¼Ly]|¨wy©®u omÆÓ§xuoL«(km©ªk»kKwEÃo{Ly²®²®©ªmoLÅ|o|¨kmop¯h|kmo
u¨wynpoBxn³[o"¯¬|©®npoLuLÒ)©¾|"©ªu±[yuu©ª³m²®o|I©ªn m²ªoLnpoLa|2w /+ +')2! ÃyoLvu©®y½y¯
³m²®B°yo wyLoLuvuL¿ E=y2|km©®uuoL©Èwy²QLwyuop«o¹wyuuvxmn op|¨kKw1|"|kmoLvo¹wyvo LmoL|¨oL
oLmÆÓ xmuooLwyk#y¯Ô|kmoLn kKwEÃB©®m@w|oLmwyv~p°yo~¹¯_²®omy|¨k m©ªuv|¨©ªm|¯hyn-|¨kmoc°yo~Bu
y¯|kmo |¨kmo"xmuvoLvuL¿{²®oLwy²¾~
¿¹Àg©¾|¨kY|¨km©ªu2k]~By|¨koLu©ªu"©¾|©®u2©®np[yuu©ª³m²®o
|¨kKwEÃyoR|§«¬n yo}oLmÆÓ xmuo'kKwEÃB©®muvxmLoLuvu©ªÃyoL²¾~#L²ª²®©ªmoLpn yoc|kKwy |©®npoLuL¿
E=xv|¨koLnpvo |¨kmo{]xmn³oLpy¯eyxmubµhn ©ªm©®uv²®y|u¸oLoLoL»|Áuv²ªÃyoIw»©®©ª|¨©®wy²
L²ª²®©®uv©®ÍÒ 1G +HG |¨kmo]xmn@³[o±y¯mÆoLu±©®I|¨kmovoLum©®m{.s!j±Ò[Ewymy|2ozÆoLoL
¿
Ê !½¤m£¦ {©®m©ªu²®|¨u'Ew%³o"©ª]|oLv²®oEwEÃyoL%«(©¾|¨k{Kw|wpu²ªy|¨uÒ[wm{«¬o@kmwÃyo@|¨pLyÆÓ
u©®oLR³y|¨kuv²®y|e|§~ÆoLu2©ªmoe|¨#oL©¾Ão³xmmmu±yYwy|xKwy²WwyLouu2moL²®wE~Æu¿ EKxmÓ
|¨kmonpo.|kmoca|¨o]|©®puv|¨wy°Ew ³o(ozÆkKwyxmuÂ|¨oYµ &§oLnp|§~=(¸!oÃyoL¹«(©¾|¨kuv|©®²ª²moL
.s!juWuv©®mo(wy²®²]|¨ko'oLn wy©ªm©®mcyxmmuWn w~"³o«.w©ª|¨©ªme¯h|¨¨wmunp©®uvu©®y@¯hoLom³Kwy°=¿
|enpoEwyuc|¨kmw|eo«OLnpoLvucxm²ª%uv|¨wyv|Rw mo«Ñ.s!j ³o¯hvowya~¯hnpoLe.s!j ³o
Lnpm²®o|¨o²ª~ oLuv²ªÃyoLÔ¿
ÀÁoRuvkm« ³oL²ªi« wÃoLÂ~ ©ª]|oLvoLuv|©®moLÂ|§~ «(km©ªk#uv|¨w|¨ou|¨kKw1|'mo|oLvn ©ªm©®uÂ|¨©®
u©®²®o©®a|¨o²®oLwEÃoQ³m²®B°yowyLoLuu)uÂ|wy°±w²®v©ª|kmn umviÃB©ªmoW³[yxmmmo@wyLouu)moL²®wE~Æu¿
I £ Ï9:WÊ £i¢ Ë .$J
+ N+. )+ =PG /4&!2+& ,+3+! &+5/.)+I&2+.+ )+#"2T
#/& $5& +&C! &/ 3RQ N4+5/ + PG + ! $N&/L N+ )+Q 34&!
/+RQ ( NT+ PL,+3+5/AT')229 )YG <*)+ =PG +/+RQABKN/+ +DT
')2C! &2+Q) +2+5% &+ NV234+5/ + &YT !7%&' 2
L& ('*)+-, &
/.0
'12, + ')22 HG
7KB.+.( + & 43657
08
(*)+')+ =PG /+RQdN+ +:95L& 57
;8
'
)+-,
&=<
>'1 +
I £ ÏÔÏ98 ¦ ÀÁo PKvuv|2|¨{mviÃyo |kKw| L , &/?%@
.0BA
)C'D +2©ªu±|¨kmopn¹wiz©ªnxmn moL²®w~
³[o|§«ooL|§«2LymuoLx|©ªÃo(BLxmvoLmo}¯|kmo'oÃyoLa|+&uÂ|wy°"oLnp|§~=(¿!j±|¨km©ªuoL«¬o
o¯ho|Rmy[ov|§~ q«(km©®kuÂ|w|oLu!|kKw||¨kmoo'wyvo.w|!n yuv| L .s!ju©®uv©®nx²ª|wmoLxu
mBLouu©ªm w| wya~ |¨©®npoy¿ OÆ©ªmLoIoEwykºy¯R©ª|¨u .s!jEwmmy|#a|wy©ªmu¹npvo{|kKwy
? @
.0 A
)yxmmu2wymYLwymmy|R©ªÃyo©®uvo@|¨#npvo@|¨kKw mw|w#u²ªy|¨uÒÍ|¨kouv|w°
«(©®²®²[moLoLuvu¨wyÂ~I³o2ozÆkKwyxuv|¨o%³o¯hvo L , &/?@
.0 A ) ' +'np©®©®u²ªy||©®npoRxmm©¾|¨u¿
j'k©®uR³xmm©ªuPKvuv|R|kmon w1zÆ©®nxmn|©®npo¯hew ¨wymnoLmÆÓ xmuoR«(©ª|kw mo«
o%,]xmouv|'| PKm#|¨kmoemozB|(By|x |¨|¨wymuvn ©¾|EÒ 1G+ «(koL#|¨kmoeuv|w°¹«(©®²ª²vo|xm
|¨{oLnp|§~Yuv|¨w|¨o¿ OÆoLmÔÒ«(kmoLÅwymmo½y¯ L np©®m©ªu²ªy|¨uR©¾|©®uwy²®uv#|¨kmopn¹wiz©ªnxmn
|¨©®npoR³o|§«¬oLoI|§«¬¹LymuoLx|©ªÃoo|¨wymunp©®uvu©ªmu'y¯|¨kmo2uwyn o±vo%,]xmouv|E¿
OB©®mo¹|¨kmoo#wo wIn¹w1zÆ©ªnxmn;y¯C vo|¨wymuvn ©ªuu©ªmuÒWwymm©ªmI|km©®u"n¹wiz©ªnxmn
moL²®w~yÒ«¬o"³Æ|wy©ª |¨kmo2ozÆmvoLuvu©®y%y¯|¨kmo2n w1zÆ©®nxnwyLouueoL²ÈwE~y¿
p #2)"{&( #
-!e ; (! -b ('
j'kmo2u©®n@xm²Èw|©®uxmuvo|kmo2Kwy¨wn o|¨oLvu'y¯|wy³m²ªoq¿
OÆ©®nx²Èw|©®muKwywynpo|¨o ´wy²®xmou
*cxmn³oL'¯wy|¨©¾Ão2uv|¨w|¨©ªmu y
e©®uÂ|wymo±¯hn*uv|w1|¨©®ymu.|¨kmoLwymoL y°]n4µGwym©ªm]¸
e«(muv|oEwnKw|w|¨wymuvn ©ªuuv©®#w|¨o ©® PK©ª|¨o
McmuÂ|¨oLwyn Kw1|w|¨wymunp©®uvu©ª#¨w|oLu
D
{³m©ª|u fu
QvKwyw|¨©ª#moL²®wE~ u f°]n
)omy|k{¯u©ªnxm²®w|¨©ª D uoLmmu
H2xKwm³Kwm{wym{moÓwyn³²®o mxm¨w1|¨©®y#y¯ ³a~]|¨oLu
I©®m©ªu²ªy|.uv©Lo q ³]~]|oLu
coEwmoLm{mvÆoLuuv©®mpmo²ÈwE~ npu
coEwmoLm{mvÆoLuuv©®mpukoLnpo ¯hoLoL³Kwy°wymIwy²ª²®BEw|©®¹w|(oEwyk{np©®m©ªu²®|
j!wy³²®oqGF *}o|§«¬° OÆ©ªnxm²®w|¨©ª Pmxm¨w1|¨©®y!wywyn o|¨ou
j'ko.u©Lo.y¯|¨kmo.mwy°yo|¨u¯h²ª²®«(u!wc¨wymn7m©®uÂ|¨©ª³mx|©®2«(km©®k©ªu!©¾Ão©®@|¨wy³m²ªo
Æ¿#QwykÅmBmop©®u2npÆmo²®oÄÃB©Èw{wNE E ,BxoLxmo¹«(koLo ²®BEwy²ª²ª~IoLoL¨w1|¨oL½Kwy°yo|¨u
wyo±uÂ|¨voLÔ¿Qj'kmou©Lo2y¯|¨kmo2mBmo±³mx>[oL(©ªu'uo|}|¨ yKw°yo|uL¿
Kwy°yo|e²ªoLm|¨k ³Kw³m©®²ª©ª|§~
qi ¿
qa ¿
yy ¿y
a ¿a
qa ¿
qiÆqE ¿ D
jwy³m²®o" FQwy°yo|e²ªoLm|¨km©®uÂ|¨v©®³mx|©®
·'m©ª|©®Kw²ª~Kwy°o|uewyvoRuom©®#·Wj} Lo²®²ªu±µGnp©®©®u²ªy|¨uQ¯hw ³a~B|oLu(KwE~aÓ
²®awyK¸ÒmwmIoL©ª|kmoL'©®y~aÓ ³Kwy°]©®mmy'Kw|wmEw1|¨oLmw|¨©ª{wyo2xmuvoLÔ¿
Y ]!*;^ \ &('^O!&_&U
j'kmoRouxm²¾|¨u.ÃB©®m©ªm¹|¨koenpoEwy#wLLouu(mo²ÈwE~ÃoLvuxmu'|kmoekKwmmoL²Í²®awy¹wyoe©ªÃyoL
©® PKxmvopwm D ¿
j'ko¹ouxm²¾|¨u"ukm« |¨kKw1|"|kmo oL¯hn wymo ¯'m©[oLvoLa|©ªn ²®©®©ª|c¯h¨wynp©®m#«(©¾|¨k
qÓ§oLvu©®uÂ|¨omLowo²®uvo"|¨#oLwyky|kmoL¿QE=yemo²ÈwE~bwmuv|¨wymKwyvmoÃB©®w|¨©ªÔÒm²ª~
mopwy²®y©¾|¨kmn{Ò¯hvoLooLa|v~ E! E0uÂ|wy°=Ò)|¨kKw1|2[ov¯hvn u±uv²®©®yk]|²ª~I³[o||oL±|¨kKwY|kmo
y|¨kmou¿¹j)«IoEwumuozÆm²®wy©®Y|¨k©®u2³[o||oL2[ov¯hvn¹wmLo]FPKvuv||¨kmo¯Gwy|2|¨kKw|2¯hvoLo
oLa|¨Â~bwy²ªv©ª|¨kn u'uvkmxm²ª%²®«¬oLcL²ª²®©®uv©®nx²ª|¨©ªm²®©ªL©¾|¨©®ou¬|kKwyb³m²ªÆ°oLYwy²ªv©ª|¨kn u
µh«(©ª|km2[ouv©®uv|oLmo¸ÒBuvoLm|¨kmo.¯Gwy||¨kmw|W|¨kmo'uv©®nx²Èw|oL _ E wy²ªv©ª|¨kn u©ªÃyo
m©ª©¾|§~ |pmw|wÒÆ«(km©®k{n¹wE~#oL²ÈwE~Bu(L²ª²®©ªu©®y¹ou²ªx|¨©ªÔ¿
;&_[ , %&U (!^ \d &('^
!&_&_
§Ix'©®npm²®on o]|¨w|¨©ªÔÒa«¬o"xmuvoL%wuv©®npm²®oeukmon o2¯h(sQF
s ©®u'©ªm©ª|©Èwy²ª©oL | LoLv
oEwyk |¨©ªn o wYa|¨o]|©®¼np©®m©ªu²®|@©ªuwy²®²ªÆLw|¨oůhwBy|vxm s©®umoÓ
LvoEwyuvoLÔ¿
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1e+06 1.2e+06 1.4e+06 1.6e+06 1.8e+06 2e+06
Delay (seconds)
Bandwidth (bit/second) - Emission
blocked, no R free entry, no R FIFO, blocked, no R FIFO, free entry, no R
E!©®xo2 FQ·)Ão¨wyo2mo²ÈwE~ ÃyoLuvxmue©ªmmx|(²ªawyÔ¿
j'ko ¨w|©®mwy²®o©ªu"|¨kmw|"¯hy@oEwkÅuxmLouuv¯hx²'o%,]xmouv||kmoLvo ukxm²®Áxkm²ª~ijo
moa|¨o]|©®@n ©ªm©®uv²®y|L¿;E!©®xoQR©¾ÃoLu!wy©ªmoEw}y¯Kkm« s oÃy²ªÃouW©®|¨kmo¬n ©ªm©®uv²®y|
uv|¨voEwyn{¿
*}y|¨©ªLo|¨kKw1| «(©¾|¨km©ª |¨k©®upukmon oÒ(wyu¹uvkm«(º |kmobwy³ÃoIozwynpm²®oÒ.©ª¯±ymo
uv|w1|¨©®yboLoL©¾Ãou"w o«ÑKwy°yo|mxm©ªm |¨ko²®m¹uv|¨voEwyn y¯Kw|¨w n ©ªm©®uv²®y|u@µ¯hn
Ç 3 )b|¨¼Ç 3 Ô¸Ò(|¨kmo ©¾| «(©®²ª²cn wy°oYwÅo%,]xmouv|{gmo¯|kmo9¯h²ª²®«(©®m
La|¨oa|¨©®y¼np©®©®u²ªy|¨u µ¯hn |¨kmo#o n¹w°yo¼Ç43 |b|¨kmo PKvuv|n wy°oL¼Ç43
)i¸«(©¾|¨k xm©ª¯hvn ³Kw³m©®²ª©ª|§~ ) FÄwy²®²ªÆLw|¨©ªmYLa|oLa|¨©ªºn ©ªm©®uv²®y|ymoÓ ³]~aÓ mo
µG©®npm²ª©®L©¾|¯h¨wn ©ªm]¸Ò©®u |km©®u¹Lmuv©®uÂ|¨oLa| «(©¾|¨kºw²®²®BEw1|¨©®Áa|¨oLa|©® np©®©®u²ªy|p³a~
³m²®B°]u@µhkmoLvo_¸Òm«(©¾|¨k{wu©ªn m²ªoeÃwy²®xoy¿
j'koem©ÍooLa|¬uv|¨wy° ©ªn ²®oLnpoLa|¨w|¨©ªmuoL¯hnuÂ|¨©®²ª²KL²ªuo²ª~«(©¾|¨k¹oa|¨v~poLvu©®uÓ
|¨oLLo)|¨kop©[oLomLo©ªuRm«5|kKw|±|¨kop³²®B°yoLÃyoLuv©®u"won yooR ©®o]|2|kKwy
¯hoLocÃoLvu©ªmuL¿IEKw@m©®voL|'LnpKwyv©®uv y¯_|kmoRLymuo ,BxoLmoLu}y¯©®npm²®on o]|¨w|¨©ªmu
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1e+06 1.2e+06 1.4e+06 1.6e+06 1.8e+06 2e+06
Std. Dev Delay (seconds)
Bandwidth (bit/second) - Emission
blocked, no R free entry, no R FIFO, blocked, no R FIFO, free entry, no R
E!©®yxmo D FIO]|wymmwy{moÃB©®w|¨©ª#y¯|¨kmo2mo²ÈwE~ Ãouvxmuc©ªmmx|(²ªawyÔ¿
: contention minislots for colliders or data minislots
R=1 R=1 R=1
Contention Data
R=2
R=1 RQ!=0 R=2 Data ...
...
R=1 R=1
Data R=n
R=n R=n-1 R=n-2 R=n-3 ... R=2 R=1 R=1 ...
Minislots
: contention minislots for root group
Minislots (continued below)
E!©®yxmoR FQWÃy²®xÆ|¨©®y{¯s «(©¾|¨k{n ©ªm©®uv²®y|¬uv|oLwynI¿
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1e+06 1.2e+06 1.4e+06 1.6e+06 1.8e+06 2e+06
Delay (seconds)
Bandwidth (bit/second) - Emission
blocked, with R free entry, with R FIFO, blocked, with R FIFO, free entry, with R
E©®xmvo FW·)Ão¨wyomo²ÈwE~ Ãouvxmuc©ªmmx|(²ªawy#«(©ª|k[ou©ªuv|oLmoy¿
«(©ª|¨kÄwyY«(©¾|¨kmyx|2oLa|¨Â~aÓ§oLuv©®uÂ|¨oLLoyÒ³[|¨kÃou©ªmu"wyo©®u²ÈwE~oÁ|kmou¨wynpo
PKxmvoyÒKuoo PKxmvoLu wm Æ¿
EKvoLo{oLa|¨Â~»mBoLu my| ³[omoLP| nxmk ¯hn |kmoIoLvu©ªuv|¨omLo%oLa|¨Â~ c³aÃB©®xmuv²ª~yÒ
©®npm²®©ªL©ª|¬¯h¨wynp©®¹wy|¨uc²®©®°o@w w mv©®np©ª|©ªÃo±³x|RoR ©®o]|e[ouv©®uv|oLmoy¿²®B°yo%ÃoÂÓ
u©®ymu2wyo@n vouomu©¾|¨©ªÃyo|¨oLa|v~oLvu©®uÂ|¨omLo]FR¯hR©®uv|wmLoÒ©¾¯W«omu©ªmoLR|kmo
³Kwym«(©ª|¨k¯hRwnpoEwÄoL²ÈwE~%y¯¬¿ ÒÔ«ouvoLo|¨kKw1|2wy³x|q y¯³KwymÆ«(©®|kÄ©ªu
awy©®oL#¯h1E! EO³²®B°yoLIwy²ª©¾|¨kmn{¿
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1e+06 1.2e+06 1.4e+06 1.6e+06 1.8e+06 2e+06
Std. Dev Delay (seconds)
Bandwidth (bit/second) - Emission
blocked, with R free entry, with R FIFO, blocked, with R FIFO, free entry, with R
E!©®xo FOB|¨wymKwmoÃB©®w|¨©ª#y¯!|kmo2moL²®wE~¹Ãouvxmue©ªmmx|(²ªawy «(©ª|k[ou©ªuv|oLmoy¿
3O@ _"
§|¨km©ªuKwyoLÒ|¨kmo.oL¯hn wymo.y¯uoÃo¨wy²K©ªn m²ª©®©ª|_¯h¨wn ©ªmeuÂ|wy°@wy²®y©ª|kmnpu«wyu
©®aÃouv|¨©ªaw|oL B|¨kmocm©[oLvoLa|'wy²ªv©ª|¨kn uQwyvoc¯hxm¹|¨"³[ocoLoL¨w²®²ª~¯_LnpKwywy³m²ªo
[ov¯hvn¹wyLoy¿· uv©®npm²®o'npmx|w1|¨©®yp¯ÔoLa|v~p[ouv©®uv|oLmoewymo}Ç ©ªn mvÃoLuwyÓ
LoLuvu¬oL²ÈwE~@oÃo «(©¾|¨k©®npm²ª©®L©¾|¯hwynp©®mm¿)j'kmo(xmuvo(y¯[¯hvoLo}wyLoLuvuQ©®muÂ|¨oEwp¯Í³m²ªÆ°oL
uoLon u|¨I³[o wy½oRpL©®oa|@«w~Ä|¨Io|"uyn opmoL²®wE~Á©ªn Ãon o]|2«(©¾|¨kmxÆ|@oLvu©®uÓ
|¨oLLoyÒ³mx|(uyn ocoLuvoLÂÃoLu}nxmuÂ|'³oRmmo±©ª¹|¨on0y¯)¯Gwy©®vmoLuvu S&U¶¿ÀÁoR³oL²ª©®oÃyoe|¨kmw|
|¨kmo#oz©ªuv|oLmo{¯c©[oLoa|[ov¯hvn¹wya|w²®v©ª|kmn u©®u@©®np[Â|wya|@u©®Lo#©ª|@«x²®
©ªÃyo±km©®oLu(¯h'©®npm²ªoLnpoLa|w|©®p«(©ª|k{voLaw#|¨py|¨koL'uoL©PK2npo|©®uL¿
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1e+06 1.2e+06 1.4e+06 1.6e+06 1.8e+06 2e+06
Delay (seconds)
Bandwidth (bit/second) - Emission
FIFO, blocked, no R FIFO, blocked, with R
E!©®xo F·)Ão¨wyyo.moL²®wE~"¯h|¨kmo³m²®B°yowyLoLuuE Eºwy²ªv©ª|¨kn «(©ª|k«(k©ª|¨yx|
[ou©ªuv|oLmoÃyoLuvxmu}©®mmxÆ|(²®awyY¿
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1e+06 1.2e+06 1.4e+06 1.6e+06 1.8e+06 2e+06
Delay (seconds)
Bandwidth (bit/second) - Emission
FIFO, free entry, no R FIFO, free entry, with R
E!©®xo F@·)Ão¨wyyo¹mo²ÈwE~¯h±|¨kmop¯hoo¹wyLouu'E! Ew²®v©ª|kmn «(©¾|¨k½y2«(k©ª|¨yx|
[ou©ªuv|oLmoÃyoLuvxmu}©®mmxÆ|(²®awyY¿
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1e+06 1.2e+06 1.4e+06 1.6e+06 1.8e+06 2e+06
Delay (seconds)
Bandwidth (bit/second) - Emission
blocked, no R blocked, with R
E!©®xo¬ F·)Ão¨wyyo'moL²®w~¯h|¨kmo.³²®B°yoLwLLouu _ Egw²®v©ª|kmn9«(©ª|k«(k©ª|¨yx|
[ou©ªuv|oLmoÃyoLuvxmu}©®mmxÆ|(²®awyY¿
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1e+06 1.2e+06 1.4e+06 1.6e+06 1.8e+06 2e+06
Delay (seconds)
Bandwidth (bit/second) - Emission
free entry, no R free entry, with R
E!©®xopq F(·ÃyoLwyomo²ÈwE~{¯hc|kmo@¯hoowyLoLuvu_ Ewy²ªv©ª|¨kn«(©ª|kbc«(k©ª|¨yx|
[ou©ªuv|oLmoÃyoLuvxmu}©®mmxÆ|(²®awyY¿
&'/&.&(&(
S¾qVUWkm©ª²®©ªm[owy ,Bxo|EÒ¼wyxm² mkm²®o|¨kKw²®oL wym4Wkm©ª²®©ªm[oOs(³oLv| &· u²ªy||oL
Iom©®xmn ·'LLouuy]|²OÆkoLnpo mou©ªmoLįh"·Wj.´*}o|§«¬° ( *es( §·0s}oÓ
uoLwyk%s}o[yv|(mq ÒÍq Ô¿¾Òwy]xKwyÂ~{yÆq¿
SUWkm©ª²®©ªm[ow%,]xmo|LÒÍwyxm²mk²®o|kKwy²ªoL}wym%Qk©®²®©ªmo±s}y³[ov|&ÂoLv¯hyn wya|c©ªnÓ
m²ªoLnpoLa|w|©®uy¯e|oLo²®²ª©®u©ª ou²ªx|¨©ª¼wy²®y©¾|¨kmnpu"¯h ·Wj.´ mo|§«¬v°Bu (
*es( §·Os}ouoLwyk%s}o[Â|(mq ÒD
Í¿ªÒEKoL³xKwyÂ~{yÆq¿
SD U¿w%,]xmo|LÒ'¿¬km²®o|¨kKwy²ªoLÒ.¿s(³oLv|LÒ & EKwyn ©ªmbmvy|¨BLy²®u»xmuv|oEwn
kKwymoL²'©ª¼·Wj.´ o|§«¬°]uVF{wyuÂ~Bn |y|¨©ª mo²ÈwE~ wymwy²ª~Bu©ªuLÒ( *es( §· s(oLuoLwyk
s(oLv|cÔ¿¾ÒEKoL³mvxKwyÂ~{yqR|pwymoEwy¿
S&U"e¿·'1v©®kÔÒ}¿wy ,Bxo|EÒc¿.mkm²ªo|kKwy²®oLÒ &%O]|wy°¼·e²ª©¾|¨kmnpu w| km©ªkº²®wymuVF
wyKw²ª~Bu©ªu}¯xm¯Gw©®oLuu}(u©ªmxm²®wy'³oLkKwEÃB©®xu (¨ÒK *es( §·5s(oLuvoEwyvks(oLv|Ò)qi
Ô¿¾Ò%wyvkbyyq±|¨pwymoEwy¿
)o|xmu!Lmuv©®mo!|¨ko.oÃy²®x|©®"y¯K|¨ko.uv|¨wy°@³o|§«¬oLo|§«¬R|¨©ªn o
wym
uvxmmu©ªm
|¨kKw|±|kmouv|¨wy°©®uemoÃyoLoLnp|§~mxmv©®m |kmo©®a|¨ovÃwy²
¿@ÀÁomoLm|¨ouv|¨wy° & +
|¨kmoÃyw²®xmo¬y¯m|¨kouv|¨wy°w1||©®npo¿ )o|g³[o|¨kmoBxn³[o!y¯=y¨wya|¨ou²ªy|mxm©ªmc|kmo
©®a|¨ovÃwy²_y¯Wy³muovÃw|¨©ªÔ¿_o|-|¨kmo]xmn³oL}y¯¯hooLm³Kw°yoLYnp©®m©ªu²ªy|¨u.xm©ªmp|kmo
©®a|¨ovÃwy²=wym wym ³[o(|¨kocvoLuoL|¨©¾Ãoe]xmn@³[o¬y¯ÍL²ª²®©ªu©®ywympmÆÓ L²ª²®©®uv©®
wyn ymc|kmuon ©ªm©®uv²®y|uµ 3 '@¸¿ÀÁo.kKwEÃo'uÂ|wy° & + 3 uv|w° & + A ' ? p¿
j'kmoLvo¯hvouÂ|wy°
&
+B3guv|w°
& + '
A
'
A
p¿
¯±«¬obuÂ|wyÂ|¹¯hyn w oLnp|§~¼uv~Buv|oLn w| 3
Ò.|kmoL «¬obkKwEÃyobuv|¨wy° & + 3
A
D'
A
¿(wkb|¨©®npo±uv|¨wy° &
+-3¹wpmo«Ñy²®²®©ªu©ªs}ou²ªx|¨©ª{jvoLo
µ¶.s!j}¸!©ªuW[oÔ¿ ¬~@m«»«¬o(EwymoL²ªuQ|kmo(Lm©ª|©®uÂ|wy°
& + R¯hwy²®²!#"$
¿
¯&%('W©ªu!|¨kmo']xmn@³[oWy¯=|¨kmoc.s!j¼oLmopxm©ªmR|¨kmo(©ª]|oLÂÃyw²&
)
*
Ò|¨kmop«¬o(kKwEÃo
uv|w°
&
+#3+%(' '
A
'$
A
p¿
ÀgkoLÅw#vxm|¨kmw|"wyxmYkKwu³oLo½Lwy²®²ªoL³a~b|¨ko c9wymY|¨ko¯hooLm³mwy°
y¯}©ª|¨u|¨wymunp©®uvu©ªÅkKwyu³oLo oLoL©¾Ão ³a~½|kmo#oLÆÓ§xmuvoLÒQ|kmoL «¬o#u¨wE~½|kKw||kmo
x%kKwyu}³oLoL%uoLoÔ¿( |R©ªucwpmy[ov|§~{y¯|oLmwyv~#|oLouc|kKw|ew .s!j9|oLnp©®mw|¨ou
«(kmoL½|kmo¹]xmn@³[o"y¯.©ª|¨u2uvoLoL ½²®²ª©®u©ªvxmmuo%,]xKwy²ªu"|§«(©ªLopm²®xmumopxmm©¾|
|¨kmo]xmn³oL#¯@©¾|¨u uvoLoL Ly²®²®©ªu©ª»vxmmu¿-·eu#²ªm w¼.s!j©®u#m|#L²ªuog|kmo
Bxn³[oy¯)©¾|¨uuooL#Ly²®²®©ªu©ªxmunx²ª|¨©ªm²®©ªoL³a~ |§«¬©ªu.wy²¾«.wE~BuvoEw|oL|¨kKwy¹
o%,]xKwy²)|¨|¨kmo]xmn³oLcy¯©¾¯©ª|u(uoLomIL²ª²®©®uv©®¹xmuL¿'j'kmoo¯hoÒÍ©ª¯,%(-.©ªu(|kmo
Bxn³[o±y¯L²ªuo½.sjѳo¯hvo|¨©ªn o.
µhuv|wv|¨©ªm¹¯hvn wyon Æ|§~uv~Buv|oLn¹¸ÒÔ|kmoL
%(-#/D
A
p¿
EKvnÑ|kmo}wy³[Ãyoc©ªmo%,]xKwy²ª©ª|§~|¨yo|¨koLW«(©ª|k|kmo(©®moa|¨©ª|§~@uv|¨wy°
&
+B3%(' ' A
'0
A
pÒa«¬o'³|¨wy©®|kmo.¯Gwy|!|¨kKw|!|¨kmo']xmn³oLW¯Ô.sjuW©ªmBLouu©ªmw||©®npo
Ò1%('
A
%(-¬©ªu'un wy²®²ªoL|kKwy(o%,]xKw²Ô|¨2
A
¿IOÆ©®mo.435 ' L Ò=QvoLv|§~bq¿
Unit´e de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technop ˆole de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS L `ES NANCY
Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rh ˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex
Unit´e de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex
Editeur´
INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)
ISSN 0249-6399