HAL Id: inria-00070272
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070272
Submitted on 19 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
An Advanced Configuration and Duplicate Address Detection mechanism for a multi-interface OLSR
Network
Cédric Adjih, Saadi Boudjit, Philippe Jacquet, Anis Laouiti, Paul Mühlethaler
To cite this version:
Cédric Adjih, Saadi Boudjit, Philippe Jacquet, Anis Laouiti, Paul Mühlethaler. An Advanced Config- uration and Duplicate Address Detection mechanism for a multi-interface OLSR Network. [Research Report] RR-5747, INRIA. 2005, pp.31. �inria-00070272�
ISRN INRIA/RR--5747--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
Thème COM
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
An Advanced Configuration and Duplicate Address Detection mechanism for a multi-interface OLSR
Network
Cédric Adjih, Saadi Boudjit, Philippe Jacquet, Anis Laouiti, Paul Mühlethaler
N° 5747
Novembre 2005
*$+$-,./&&($, 01234,%$7689$:'01.;=<?>A@
B DC2E
FHGJIKMLONQPAI8RSLUT:VXWYZYZI'L[H\Z]'I8RSLU^JV`_2T'LOaULOb'b+cQdeYZNgfh]'cg^JV`P&i'LUjklYZ\Z]'LU^ML7V$_mYZ]'a
npo
T'aUcg^qT'YZaOcgK
r:sutSvHw9xymz*{}|~tSvHwM gvHv9uu g5
X7wX+lxymz
l8Dglw7wS 5suwS7 5suwZ'g1Q{ l1¡gwv9¢uw2£¤g¤g2{!¥u¦m8§gwS
¨©ªS«¬1u®«¯ z°g¢u²±³wµ´¶su µ+r)·7¸A¹ºzQ´ l+r5»w¼³½¾7g7D ¿8wÀU½¾7wwgÁ)su³§su±³~Âu~JDv¼³
·³7w±³wS7'uw·7¸Á·s8w7wl wJ77±uv¼³u³517²g¼+ Ã8§gu51³9¢~7suwl8w`X¡gw7~²ÄA u±²SÅ
¶s87u·²7wSÂuw·7¸muwS2D8±²±³~Æ7w±³~Qg¶° wJ5±³³ÇwSÈw7¡w28È8wµ~8v¼³ ¼suJ
ÃD§u517²gu77 ±OÁ±²³¸w2ÉmmxÊÌËÍqÎÏÁµg ÐJu³w2&Ñgu7wS7Å+|D 5sA±³7²g& Suul¢Dw
uwu±³1~wM³ÆzQ´ l+rmuw7As8wu8q¡1²±¢u³±³Ò~&½X~ wSg77±²³ÇwMÉ xÊpw7¡wMÅ:ÓumvA±²±
7 ±²wzQ´+r$SÁ+²¼v¼q~È¢ZwZg7³¢u±³wµ7±³±³ S17wµ½¾7wwÔuuwMwSv¼8±³±²~gÅÂ1·ÊwS¡wMÁsuw
8 wMu7wl¢ZwS gv¼wSʲv¼u5 ±8½¾:±7§wÀÏ7 ±²wg+Zw&~wSvÔ·s8w7wv¼¢u³±³wuwMÊw½¾7ww
7¼³Õ8ȱ³wSq¡wgÅl8vHwSg82~8vH A8wM³u§° 5suwSv¼wSm½¾9Èsu ¼uw·7¸s8q¡w¼¢ZwwS
8gDJwMÖÅÊr:suwMwuu7gg 5suwS:²×ZwS³Q¼·³uw7u§w2½'gZwS 7SÁD8 5s°:7suw87§gw2½` wSg77±ÒÀ
³ÇwMw7¡wS7+½¾u±³±)wM wJ77±²³ÇS³hÁJsu³w55 5su³ S±e7D ¿8wmØD:8w·7¸Hg§Ju³ÇS³hÁD
wÙu±² ²g³vH8±² ²H8u±² wgu7wS7wwS ³hÅÆ¶suDZw·wµ·³±²±Êu7wSwJ9Q v¼u±³ww
8°g³v¼²ÇSwSQ¡gw5³°½`suw¼uÀ gÃ8§gu7³°±³³8½¾&Ú+ÛÜÝ ËÞSÎÁZs8m·wsDq¡w9±ÒÀ
7wSg~°u7ZgwSƲßËà£qÎ+D?Ë¥1ÎÏŵr:su2g±²7²g·7¸m²Âsuwµ Sw¼½&uwMs8q¡²8§v9u±Ò7²8±²w
³JwS½ºg wSSÁ8:¢8wSwĵ ³wJlÉu8±² w´u7wS7:ÉwwM ¿³$¹ºÉl´ Ém»:±²§g7Ò7suv·su 5s
5¸gwSg¡1J7§w9½`s8w9§gwu³uw9g³v¼²ÇM17²gQ½X7suwÈÚXÛ'ÜÝá77²u§u g±ÊËÞSÎÏÅ´8½X½
7suw° g7wS 9Zw517²gâ½suwu7ZgwSãg±²7²gâ¼§³¡wã8?suw° v¼vu8³ S1³?1¡w7suwM
³8D wS&:w¡1±³8wShÅ
ä°åJæeç7èé
¬1ꪯ
´Æsu 9uw·7¸eÁZÀÏ ÃD§u517²ghÁD7u³u§u77 ±OÁ)ymë$|Áe u8wS ¿7²¡²~Á
v9u±²³u±²w2³JwS½ºg w
"&#¼ "È!;=<?>A@ 01&+$&3l (9$:'01(
,%#¿$¿"#(
ª ¯ ëhwSÊSwSuÙ¼zQ´ l+r2¹ºzQ¢u³±²wm´µsu l+r$·Êg¸5»XJuwSMwMÙA~8vHÐJuwS
7D¼²½¾578 u7wÃuÙw°³±³³7Jµ±³w°vHwM³uv 5u²DÅ É 8 wS¼SwSÙ?uuwÂv¼³u³517²g
wJ5±³Sw g&±A gÃ8§gu7³8±u³±²wSulwS7tSuÒĵ ³±³wÅ+Ém8l±²wMMwMÙAÃD±³²7wS:±³wS
8JwS8u9âSwS¶7²±³wSgH§S5±³±²wSv¼wJDgu9w Ã8§gu7wu8wu8 5suwµw&7³¢u7²g
wJ5±³Sw¼gwMwS2 v¼v¼wµ wS±²±³wµwÉmmxÊ ËÍ1ÎÏÅ'8±²wM2Zw²7MwMÙ¶zQ´+rÁ)³±+wM
Zg7²¢u±³wÆw uÃ8§u7wA±³wSuw88Õ±ÕvA³ÑvA wM uw¡²wSJ³vHZg7²¢u±³wÆu8A±³wÆ gw
§g78umSwSuÙQ¶w¼MwMÙQgu¡wS5 ÈuwS2uwS8uv¼¢u³±³wSZwu¡gwJ2w³87wHgÈÐJu²7w
±³wSwShÅlÉ w9ugv¢u7wDwM:wM 5suuÐg8wSmÀÏ ÃD§u517²gZuwMlSwSuÙgsu J
8gDJSwSSÅxÊwS7wS 5suuÐJuwS`uÒ×et7wJ`8'u±³8²wSu5`DwM ¿7` v¼v¼w:±³±³³717²gHuuwuu7 5s8w
wJ5±³SwQ u8wÂ8u 5suwÂS wJ5±³³wgÁ±7²±³³717²g uuw¶7D ¿8wÂsuS77 5s8³ÐJuw°g
u8wQ78 u7w°u±17wÁ:±³ÕwM ¿7²gѲv¼u±³³ Ò7wQßwÙ8±² ²wQwMµ gØ8²7µgwMwÅpÉ 8µ w
Du³wMÁuDµuSwJg8Au8wÆg±²u³ 7À gÃ8§87³ß v¼u±³t7wÆwu³vHwQZu±²w
8 g±²wAwµ7u7§gw¶ÚXÛ'ÜÝ ËÞSÎmÅQxÊgv¼vHwµ w±³±²wM°u7ZgwAuD±³wS7³ ±²wMAË£qÎÊwË¥ÎOÁ
±µ±³³°8MwSgwwMm³7³¢uw9wm¢8wu uuwwM ¿³Âw9 Ø8²77²v¼SwZu ±²w
8 g±²w2Ú+ÛÜÝ%ËÞMÎÏÅ$ S8vHg²DÁ1 w7wXu8¡w±³±³w+g±²u³½¾D ¿³8uw+Zu$u2SwSu³DJJ
³Jw½º wS$vu±²³u±³wSSÅ`ë) uwSu¡w9½¾8 ³uuwSv¼wJX 77wS ¿'w±³mg±²u³wM`uSwJwʲD
ÐJuuw!S¡1±³817²g°u7 "lw v¼v8u³ S17²g³8u²8±²wv#S Suv¼wgÅ
$é «Mª ç ®% ª¯ &SwSQg°su ÁeuÀ gÃ8§gu7³hÁ8u g±²wuw75§wgÁZymë$|u2ÁD³JwS½ºg wS
v9u±²³u±²w
@ A
9)'A&+$
zÆ~A½¾7uÒ½¾u±)w×Zg5s8q¡gw ½¾ 8wM&g³u§¼u77 ±½¾B <CED ²°7wS wJ~wM5ÅXr:suwMw
zÆ´lÊrp8 g±³ S¢Dw9 ±7²Ã8wS&³JAu7gg ¿³¡wu77 ±ËÞSÎ$·suwSw2wM 5s&uwvA³J7²8
ã8ÀU7Àu17w¡w5²g?½ms8w°uw·7¸ÕgDg±²g§~Õ¢~?Zw7³u³ &wÙu 5s8u§w½m gJ7±v¼wS7§wM
·²s&uwS²§gsJ¢Z7³u§uwMGFu8µ7wSg ¿7²¡gwu77 ±ËH1ÎÖ·suwSwmwSg 5suw27 1¡wS7Xsuw77w7H
uwS³817²gg&wSvA8ÖÅ
z°J½`7suwSwHg³u§8 g±³ 7uv¼ws8mv¼¢8²±³wuwM³ÂgQsu uw·7¸7w9 À
ÃD§u7wSµ9u7²ge·²s&u8³ÐJuw28wMÊ¢Zw½¾7wʳu²8§HIB <C!DhÅ3JwM Dw vHg¢u³±²wuwMÊvAq~
½¾7wSÐJuwSJ±³~v¼1¡wʽ¾gvÌuwuw·Êg¸7u7suwMÁ²`³`wM³5¢u±³w½¾suwSvÌ7mg¢7²¼8wMwS$¡³
u~JDv¼³ uÃ8§u517²ghÅ:r:suwX¡Íµ8LKZ+ly2xymÓã·7¸J³u§¼§788½'7suw+rÓßwM±h·²s
Ã8§gu51³³78wS:¢u ·Ò7s9½¾ D&·²7wS&uw·Êg¸SÅ´gvA1 28wM:±²±³ 17²g
v¼7w²Äµ u±²X³H!B <C!DÕwSJ¡³guv¼wJs8³H·³7wS8w·7¸uw7m³87¢u²±³²~2½D±³³u¸Á
v¼g¢u²±³²~°½X7suw98uwSSÁesuw¼ZwÂ817u7w9½XsuwHv¼¢u³±³wHgQsu 9uw·7¸ÁÖDQ± 5¸½Ê wJ5±
gv¼²8³517²gµ²s8wm§gwuwS7±Ö wÅ'r:s8:Zw½¾7vH³u§HHɴɹºÉ uu±³ 17w2´u7wS7É w7wS ³D»
§gwuwS7wMlv¼7w9 v¼u±³wÙÒ~°8Qv¼7w1¡gw7suwSg&²ÈQs8 uw·7¸7s8²·²7wSÆuw·7¸
·s8w7wm8 g±³:8 5s&gÉ xÊ ËÍ1Î$8|´ ´ËqÎ$ ¢Zw28wSÖÅ
wM wSg7±²~gÁ¶ 8³uw5¢u±³wuv9¢DwSA½2~8v¼ u7wS7²u§¶7 5suwv¼wS9½¾gµãsu uw·7¸
sDq¡w¼¢DwSwâ8gDJwMÖÅr:suwMwuu7gg 5suwS²×ew³â·wµ5u§gwA½lDwM ¿5Á'D 5s¶g8wM
½¾gvASÁX87§gw½m wJ5±³²ÇSwSãwS¡gw5g9½¾8±²±lwM wSg77±²³ÇS³hÁ+su²wS77 5s8³ S±:78 u7w&HØD1
8w·7¸Õ7§g8²ÇM1³ 8 wÙ8±² ²µA³v¼u±² ²8u±² wÆgu7wS7¼w7wS ¿7²ghÅ 7su³µ8Zw
·wQ·³±²±mu7wSwJ? v¼u±³w7wÆ8ßg³v¼²ÇSwSÑ¡gw5³ß½m7suw Ã8§gu51³Ñ±³³D¼½¾
7suw¶Ú+ÛÜÝu g±UÁe7s81·w¼s8q¡w¼±³7wSu~°ugDJwMQ³ßË£MÎ8ãË¥1ÎOŵr:su2u gÃ8§87³
v¼wM 5s8uv*·Êg¸³Èsuwµ SwH½8w·7¸·²s¶uwM2s8q¡³u§vu±²³u±³wA²JwS½ºg wMÁ8Ȳ³
¢DwS&wĵ ³wJlÉ8u±² w´uuwMÉ w7wS ¿7²gÕ¹ºÉl´ Ém»±²§g7Ò7suv·su 5s5¸gwSu¡qJ7§gw
½)7suw2§wSJ8²uwg³v¼²ÇM1³&½s8w°ÚXÛ'ÜÝ 8 g±UÅ
r:suw¼8DwS 278 ¿7uwMQ ½¾g±²±³1·lGM wM ¿³¶£µwSu³ S1wM°77w±17wSQ·7¸eÁevHJ7±²~Q À
w7u³u§uwS¡²g8±³~8gDJwM9 gÃ8§gu7³9u g±³'³µHsu 8w·7¸SÅ|wS ¿7²gA¥§³¡wS
7suwvA²Õ½¾wM17uwM½suwãÚ+ÛÜÝ 77²8§Qu7 ±OÅÆr:suw wM ¿7²gÕÂwM ³¢DwM27suw&uuu±³³ S1w
gu7wS7:w7wS ¿7²gvHwM 5s88³v=·su 5s³7suw gwm½'8ugDJwM gÃ8§gu7³u g±UÅ
´á½¾gvA±'u7½½ 7wM ¿7uwS7½+7su³2uwwM ¿7²gȱ²§g7Ò7suv ³m§g²¡gwhÅA|wS ³Õµ8gDJwMmuÒ½À
½¾wSwSJ·q~:7g²§g°Q³u²± uuwM:7A8w·±³~7³¡J³u§Auw987µ7wS±³¡w8wM
uuu±³³ S1³)ÅXr:suw8Zwl 8 ±²8uwS:³wS ³ÍuÅ
N @ #$ Cá2$E
r:s8³2wS ³¶³g§Ju³ÇwMÆgm½¾±³±²1·lSÅAÓ$³5MÁ)·wAwS¡J³w·Ô7 uÃ8§u517²gÆ7 wD7²Jm8Âsuw
uÒ×ew7wJµ g8²³8H·suwSwuuwMHuu±³ 17²g8¼vAq~Õ 8SÅ r:suwhÁÊ·Êw&¢u7²wØ8~âu7wSwJHsuw
¡1³8u7ZgwSÑu gÃ8§87³ßu7 ±År$ã 8 ±²DwQ7su³&wS ¿7²g ·wÆZgÒ7²g u
J7³¢u³&·²swMZwS :Hsuw28wS¡J³D±³~µu7ZgwS7 ÃD§u517²gu77 ±Å
"!#$&%'(%*),+.-*#!$&/%*)0 '(),!12/%*"!)0!., 3#4.5/6'(!$&/%*)
|w¡wS7±D7 wS87²J+wmwS7 7²¢ZwSµH²±³±³877wsuw2²Äµ u±²~A½h7suw7 ÃD§u517²gA²&µs8
8w·7¸ M
r:suw¼ÃD7 w8³msuwµ³vH8±²wM#Mv¼¢8²±³wAuwm³82DQ7suw¶±³wSq¡wMLB <CED)Åh´l
8JDwMµÑuuwMʳ±²±³ wSµHs8wm8uwmg²77²¡1±e8µ¢ZwS v¼wS½¾7wwm&²7wS8u7wÅ
°v¼w w8³gSÁJsuw±²±³ 17wSÑu7wS7vAq~µ¢Dwuuu±³³ S1wM&²&s8w2uw·7¸eÅ
´ v¼7w gv¼u±² wM w8³Õ7suwQ½¾g±²±³1·³u§4MÕuwMwƽ¾wSwQ7?v¼1¡wÆ¢8Ò77³±²~ ³
7suw B <C!D=8ÖÁÊ 8wSÐJuwSJ±³~ÁX7suwuw·7¸ÕvAq~Õ¢DwM gvHwM¼8²³8wSÖÅ ?7suw°7wSu±Ò7²8§
D²³8SÁZsuwHuwSm gJ³J8w&8w7suw¼uwS¡²g8±³~±³±² wM°pgu7wS7wMÅmϽʵ8w·Ìuw
v¼wSµâguwƽsuwÂ8²³8SÁl²vAq~ ¢DwÈ7³§uwMß gu7wS7A¢Zw±³u§g²u§âãu7suw
D²³hÅ`´u7wS7u8±² ³&v¼q~ S u·s8w&suw2D²³8v¼w7§wgÅ
´u7suw7 wD7²9³·suwS·³8wSDwS8wJB < CED + v¼w7§wgÅJÊwM 8wsuwm· B < CED +
·w7wX gÃ8§guwMwS8517w±³~ÁS8ms8wÊ8wM)±³±² ³³2wS 5s2½suwB <CED + h³8wSDwS8wJ
½hs8wmsuwSSÁ7suw7wmv¼q~A¢Zw2uu±³ 17wS&uuwMwSÊ·suws8w · B <CED + v¼w7§wwMZwS ³±²±³~A²½
7suw~8w 7suw7v¼w2u7wS77u§wgÅ
z°JH½l7suwsuwSH7 wS87³gSÁ Sâ¢Zw7su8§sJ9½HZwS ³± SwS½suws8wSw7 wD7²J
uwS7 7²¢ZwS&¢Z1¡wgÅ
7 "!#$&%'(%*),+.-*#!$&/%*)0/)8!:9,%';),<$>=?%@
uv¼w78 7 uÃ8§u517²gu g±³ 8°suw9wS±³wS7uw9½+8u±² wHu7wS7uwwM ¿7²g
³ãgÕsu uw·7¸Á's8q¡gwµ¢DwSw u§g§wM7wSÖŶ´¼su1·Õ² Ó²§guw¦Á`7suwSw8 g±³9 ã¢Dw
u²¡wS&³g7Hsuw½¾g±²±³1·²8§7suwSw w§g7²wMGM
A
xÊØD³ ÀO½¾wSwm±²§g7Ò7suvAM'su8uJ 5shÁ¼w½)uwM:²s8wm8w·7¸7wmwMZÀ
³¢u±³w½+u7wS7±²±³ ³hÅr:s8wuwMl5¸²8§µ8³Âgu7wS7l±³±² S1³°sDq¡wº³g
uuwM2Z±ÅQr:s8wÉ~8v¼³ xÊÃ8§gu51³¶DÕÉ7³¢u7²gâX77 ±m¹ºÉ2xÉʻ˳¦MMÎ
³9 uØ8³ ÀO½¾wSwµ±³±² S1³¶±³§g²s8v&ÅCBÑsuwâuwS·áv¼g¢u²±³wAuwg²8suw B <CED)Á
Ægu7wS7lZ±³m³¡JwMQ³g7µs8±²¡gwSl¢Zw·wwSƲ7w±²½+8Æ gÃ8§guwMuwÅr:su ±ÒÀ
§g²suv 7¸wSl²Jµg uJluw·Êg¸µD²³°8v¼wS§gwÁusu1·w¡gw gØ8 ¿5l·³±²±$ S u
u7²8§°suwvHwS§gwAÒ½:·QvHgwA½:suwwD51wS±²~Â uÃ8§u7wS B < CED
+
7¸J³u§°8
²7suwv¼wS§gwÁu¢Zw§g²°·²s7suw7v¼w7wSw7¡wS&8wM:58§wÅ´lusuwS Ø8 ¿ÀU½¾7ww±²±³À
³°±³§g²suvÁ8 S±³±²wMsuw u7us8w±³±³ S17²gu77 ±s8g¢DwSw°u7ZgwS½¾±³§gw
S±³wB <CED
+
²Ë³¦SÍqÎÏÅ'r:suwÊwM $s8`w¡wS~v¼¢8²±³w:uwÊwÙwS uwS'717w½¾u±J½¾uD ¿³
6ED>F
H§w:9uuÐJuw ß8wMSÅ 6ED0GF
½¾u8 ³½$H517w ¡1±³uw ±²±³wSµsuw +G*
·su 5s
³luZ81wM½¾wSg 5s8uwm³&suw28w·7¸ZÅ
A
JwSÀÏw×e)±³§7²suvA Mhr:suwXÉ ³7³¢uwM2É~8v¼³ XgxÊÃD§u517²g X77 ±u¹UÉ ÉmmxÊ»
˲¦S1Îe³+uwlwÙuv¼u±³wl½) ØD³ ÀO½¾wSwl±³±² ³µ±²§g7Ò7suvÅ)A7su³±³§g²s8v&Ásuw uwS
wMZD³¢u±³wʽ¾g`±³±² ³7~227²§g99u8wS9¶gu7wS7$28w·?8uw*Hu8wS
suw ¢DwM:½e7suw³Ê¸u1·±³wSu§wÅr:suwµsuw uw·Ñuw DwS½¾gvAÊÉl´É 9§87g7ww:7s81Ò³
2uD±³±² wMÆuuwMSÅ)ÉmÉ xÊÆvA³J7³8hl§±³¢8±±³±² S1³27wÁ1lÆgu7wS7wM
BÑsuw&2uwS·ÑuwXg²8Xsuwmuw·Êg¸eÁguwl½hÒ5+uwS²§gs¢Dg7X 5s8gwS+Au8wSµgu7wS7'½¾
ÒMÅÊr:suw7v¼wu8wS& 8wM³&suw§g±²g¢8±hgu7wS7D±$ 8±³&¢Zw7³§uwMµ7Av¼7w
s8°uw28uw7³¡²8§H ±³v¼gsuw7v¼w7²v¼wÅ:r:sus8wwM&·s~Él´ É̳±²±
DwS½¾gv¼wMQ¢~Q8uwH½w§gw7²8§&Q gu7wS7År:s8³±³§g²s8v 5¸gwS ²J S guJ
uw·7¸A87Ò7²g&8&vHwS§gwMÁ8·Êg¸·w±³±h·Ò7suJ ³¡wmg³u§Hu g±³SÅ
A
xÊØD³ Àw7wS ¿7²gã±²§g7Ò7suvAIM&r:suw&±²§g7Ò7suvA7w±17wSâÂsu¼uu7gg 5shÁ`Zw½¾7v
Él´É3¹ºÉ uu±³ 17w´u7wS7É wwM ¿7²gD»:7Aw8u7wsuw8u³ÐJuwSuwS7½$7suw±³±³ S17wS& À
7wS7År:s8wA§w8w5±'u7 wS8w¼s89&uwA§wSuw517wS2wSJ717²¡gwµuuwM28Q7suw
DwS½¾gvAÉ´É ·Ò7su²Õ²7uw³§s¢Z7su㹺7g²°58§w¼½:s8wµuwM»ÅϽ7suwgu7wS7³
uuÐJuwÁ7suw2Él´É̳:Zw½¾7v¼wS§g²1¡wÊs8w2·su±³w 8w·7¸µ8&8u³ÐJuw2ß8wM
³ D78 wMÖÅ'`Ùuv¼u±³wS:½`8 5s&uu7gg 5suwSʲD ±³8wA˳¦ÎÏË£1ÎOË¥qÎÏËÎOÁh˳¦¦Î)8È˳¦M£MÎÏÅ
xÊØD³ Àw7wS ¿7²gÕ±³§7²suvA2 ȱ³¢Dw²¡wSȳJ·Q 17w§g7²wM·su 5sÕ²×ZwS³
·suw)Á88&su1·puu±³³ S17wu7wS7wS:7w2w7wS ¿7wSÖÅ
r:suw´ Él´É ¹U´ ¿³¡w&É8u±² w&´u7wS7É wwM ¿7²gD»v¼wM 5s8uv¼97³¢u7w8Ò7²g8±
gg7g±h³½¾7vA1³³°s8wuw·7¸µ7Au7w¡wSJ uuwM8u±² ³QgÁ8½¾³878 wgÁ8³
˲¦g¦¿Î$8È˲¦q£MÎOÅ
gg77gMÁSÊÉl´É ¹¾`7²¡gw'É uu±³ 17wÊ´uuwMhÉ w7wS ³D»Ö±²§g7Ò7suvA'˲¦M¥1ÎÏÁ7~ w7wS ¿
uu±³ 17wS ·Ò7suumwv¼³817²8§uuÒ7²g8± J7g±)³½¾7vA1³°³°7suwuw·Êg¸eÅlr:suw
³uwS¢Zws8²8µsuuu7gg 5sA³+H gg7²ug8±²~9vHgu²77²u§u g±u77ÄA lHw7wS ¿
uu±³ 17wSm51s8wl7s8ÈwS8³u§gu²³8± J7±$8 5¸gw5l½¾g7su³mu8ZgwÅl1·w¡gwMÁ
²?˲¦M¥qÎ'ÀÏ S±³±²wM&´8wMmxÊØ8 ¿l²ÃD ³â¹º´xm»v¼wS77§w2 ²J78 wS&½¾suw
uu7DJw½' Ø8 ¿7wS±³³)Å
# '(% )*$&2/.#,$&/%*)
Ëà£MÎ+·w9s8q¡gw98gDJwMÆÃ87u8J 5s°½¾gQs8 ¼ gÃ8§gu7³Q¢DwSQgÆ7suw
8 wMu7wÅÆr:s8wµu7ZgwSÕu gÃ8§87³Õg±²u³Õ8wSsuw°ymë$| Hz°+g³v¼²ÇM17²g
7¢8Ju S 8w· J7±8 5¸gw¼¹'B B $%" $;&/++ .*G$&0& »m8wSQ¢~7suwHÉ´É
8 wMu7wÅLBÈw:s8q¡wÊu71¡wS2s8$7su³` Ã8§gu51³±²§g7Ò7suv ·Êg¸)²9suw: gw½Z³v¼u±²w
gu7wS7:uu±³³ S17²g88w¡gw&·Ò7sv¼~³v8±Ò5uwS8gu7wS7uuu±³³ S1³D:Ò½suwS~wmu
Àϱ² S1wMÖÅâË¥1Î'8ÕËÎÏÁZ·Êw9ugDJwMµ§wSuw5±³³ÇS17²g½`suwH7 uÃ8§u517²g°±³§7²suv
8gDJwMQ³ãËà£MÎÏÅ9È8 8±³m·wHu1¡gwSQs8m7sugwHuw·Ô7 ÃD§u517²gƱ³§g²suvAm
·7¸2·²sA~guv¼³D'¼u7wS7'uu±³ 17²g8SÁ¢uXgu±³~²H7suwl gw:½e2³u§g±²wÀO³Jw½º w
uw·Êg¸eÅ2Q7su8ZwMÁÖsu1·w¡wSSÁZ·wHwHu7Zg²u§&È7 ÃD§u517²gQ±³§7²suv
D³u§Q7suw7v¼wLB
v¼wS7§w²×e8³?vHwM 5s88³vAÁXg³ Ëà£MÎ2Ë¥qÎDÑËÎOÁ`¢8H·²s gv¼w
wÙ57u±³wSm7°s88u±²w¼7suw gw¼½:v9u±Ò7ÒÀϳg7w½º w
8w·7¸ZÅA´ ³ Ë¥qÎ:8ãËÎOÁ$s8³
8w· gÃ8§gu7³Av¼wS 5sDuvgDwS7wM+³µ7suw 8wMwS8 wm½)v9u±²³u±²w2gu7wS7+u8±² ³8
wS¡wS²½$7suwSw2uu±³ 17²g8lw g±² wMÖÅ
Ó$³§8w¼¦)MÊxʱ7ÒÃD S17²g½$suw2wÙ³³u§AÉl´Éá±³§g²suvA
;=<?>A@
r:s8³wS ¿7²g wM ³¢DwMsuwÈvA³ ½¾wSu7wS&½suw Ú+ÛÜÝ ¹Ïy ³v¼²ÇSwS ëh³u¸ |J51w¶g³u§J»
8 g±ËÞMÎÏÅ
Ú+ÛÜÝÑXAg³v¼²ÇM17²gH½euu7w±²³u¸97wl7u³u§u g±UÅÏ+`¢8gwM9gHsuw 8 w
½ 1.$%0"394 G$ + ¹'B Ý + »:ËqÎOÅ'Ó²5SÁD³u§ 1$"4&9 */$ + wM8 wMsuwl³Çw½Dsuwl J7±
v¼wM7§gwSM°7suwSAs8 wS ±³³u§â±²±l±³³u¸Ál¶uwÂwS ±³wMAu±³~â7suwÆw½2±²³u¸A·²s ²7
8w³§s¢Dg77s817wÒ5 1.$%"4&9 -*/$E+GG$/'&+ Å`r:suwl8w½ B Ý + ±³v¼²u³v¼²ÇSwSXØ8u²u§
½ J7±51ĵ Å8wSwSÈ8±²~ 1.$%0"394*/$ + ½¾7·7Q J7±'v¼wS77§wMÅHr:sumwS 5s8u³ÐJuw
³§u²ÃD J±³~7wSD wSlsuw9uv¢Zwm½X7w778v¼³8½X¢u7g8 gJ7±)v¼wM7§gwS2Ë1ÎÏÅ r:suw
vA²ÕÚ+ÛÜÝѽ¾88 ¿7²g8±³Ò7²wMÁë)²u¸µ|wS8²u§DÁJw³§s¢ZÊÉ 1¡w7~8µr$Z±³§~HÉ7wSvH³8³hÁ
w&u1· uw7²±³wShÅãr:suwSã·wuwMwSJÈÚ+ÛÜÝ §J17w·:q~
v¼wS 5sDuv%DwM?¢~âv¼wuwS9
uwS ±7wmwM 5s8¢u²±³²~¼¼s8w³l 8uwS wSsuJ58&uw·Êg¸SÅ
) $ !1'( "!):,2
âymë$|u ËÞSÎÏÁ$&uwAvAq~Qs8q¡gwHw¡gw5±'³g7w½º wSm·su 5sÈD ³817w9³Èsuwymë|8w·7¸ZÅ
r:s8³:Ò7817²g7wSu±Ò5²&v¼7wm²Äµ u±²l±³§g²suvASÁg8 wM³u§8Á8uwwMµ½¾g:vHgw8Ò7²g8±
7w7v¼²ug±²g§~Q¹Uu7wS7wSµ³&suw9ymë| ZwS ÒÃD S17²g87»Å
r:suwÃ8§u7w£H³ wÙuv¼u±³w2½`uw·Êg¸·Ò7ssu7ww2uwMâÁÁD8 ·suwSwm·AuwS
DÔs8q¡gwmv9u±²³u±²w2³JwS½ºg wS¹qÁm8Á7wSDwM ¿³¡wS±²~u»Å
Ó³§u7w£M'`Ùuv¼u±³w2½'±²³u¸:¢Zw·wwuwS²§gs¢Dg8uwS âÁ8
+g 5symë| uwms8gH²×ZwSwSJ:gu7wS7X½¾gwM 5sµ½)²7:³g7w½º wSSÅr:su:uuwMʳ: S±³±²wM
7suw G:6/))/+*+ Å`Óug:²878 wgÁÃ8§u7w2£Ásuw³Jw½º wmgu7wS7+½hs8wm³JwS½ºg w ½
7suw¼uw gÅ+g 5sÆuwA 5suJwM ¢u²57³±²~&uwHuuÐJuw¼²J7w½º wHuuwMmm²7.B &9
)/+*+ Á:·su 5sß·²±³±¢ZwQ8wSßµ7²§g²8g¼gu7wS7¼½msuwÆvHwM7§gwSH½7suw°uwÅ y ßsuw
ÃD§u7w9£Áeuw %s8g 5suJwS°s8wHgu7wS7l½X³JwS½ºg w MÁÁe vA³Æ8wMSÁZuw s8
5s8gwµ7suw28w ½¾7v Á DÁu8&uwps8 5suJwSA½¾7v 1Å
suwmwM:½Ö7su uv¼wJMÁg7suwvHwm gJ¡gwJ³DX·³±²±e¢Zw 8wS M8uwS:7w wSu7wSA·²s
±³wwS7HD 5s?âÁ`³g7w½º wSH7wwSu7wSÕ·²sãuwDv¼wS9·Ò7s?³8 wMH8 5s?g MÁ+D
gu7wS7wM+³&§w8w5±'¹¾vA³&gu7wS7wM+gʳJwS½ºg wu7wS7wS5»X7wwuwM·²s&u7wÃuÙDÁD 5s
guuwMgÅ
7 /)@ "!1). /-*9 %
 J77g·²sQsuw¼²D1³Æ·suw7wHymë$|u uwS s8q¡gw°u8³ÐJuwH²J7w½º wgÁD³°7suw9 JwÙJ
½Xvu±²³u±³w³Jw½º wSSÁ87suw9u³³8 ¿7²gÆ¢Zw·wwS±³³u¸
D 8w³§s¢Dg7
³ uwS wS7~gÅl´ÔÛ 9 ?
7w8wMwSg5:s8wus~ ±) guuwM ¿³°¢Zw·wwS°·A²JwS½ºg wM¹¾½+²×ZwSwSg uwS5»¿ÁZUÅwÅlsuw½º ¿
7s81¼7suw°8 5¸gw5½¾7v uw&²J7w½º w7wSg 5sã8s8w¼²J7w½º wgÅ ë)²8¸A Sã¢DwQ~vHv¼w7³ &
g~v¼v¼w7 M±²³u¸Ü
&11 G,
·s8wA gvHv9uu ³¼³XDJ²¢8±²w³A¢Dsµ³7wS ¿7²g8SÁ1s8+Á
7suwD 5¸w7 wSgÆwS 5s°³JwS½ºg w·³±³±$7wSg 5ssuwH7suwmuw98Æ¡J wÀO¡gw58ÅQ7suwguDJ²w
SwÁDsuwH±³²u¸8u³u²7wS ³8±UÁÖ gv¼vuu ³°gu±³~&Zg7²¢u±³w½¾7vguw§g²¡gw°³g7w½º w
7suwms8wMÁ8A7suwm±²³u¸A+7suw ±²±³wS +&11 G, ÅÊy µ7suwÃD§u7wm£uÁg7suw271·l+7wv¼wSg
ZwS ²½¾~³·su 5s¼²7wS ³8$7suw51ĵ `Ø81·lMÖ7suw:±²³u¸'¢Dw·ÊwSw9²JwS½ºg wM X8 qÁ¢Zw·wwS
8 2w2~vHv¼w7³ .Fu·su³±³w 7suw2±³²u¸¹ 1Á »:8¶¹ 1Á »:7wg~v¼v¼w7 Å
J:wS¶g¶suwwÙ7²u§Æ±²³u¸Á7suwµ7w7v ½ < / 2 ³8wM¶ÂwuwA7suwµ½ºg ¿9s8uw
8uwHsD21±³wSg2guw¼²JwS½ºg w¼·su 5sÂsD2&±²³u¸Â·Ò7sÈguw¼²J7w½º wH77suwµlwS²§gs¢Dg2uwÅ
ÏÜ &1.1G, < G 2& Áu·s8w&suwSwml±³wSgl8 5s9±³³u¸µ·su 5s~Jv¼v¼w7 ÁsuwS·w
²³ <
&08
Ü
&1.1 /0,
<
G#2&
¹¾½¾gvsuw9wSv¼³u±³§g~½ËàMλÅ9y QÃ8§guw¼£Á 837w
~v¼vHw7³ 8w³§s¢Dg7uuw2¼7suw±³²8¸Â¹ qÁ »Á D 7w2~v¼v¼w7 uw³§s¢Z5·Ò7ssuw
±³³u¸â¹Á ¿» ·su³±²w 8á7w8À~Jv¼v¼w7 8w³§s¢Dg7 ·²sÂsuw¼~vHv¼w7³ 9±²³u¸â¹ Á
ȁ
multipoint relays of node m m
Ó$³§8w2¥3M`z°8±Ò7²Z³JwS±³q~½uw
/)@ ). /),- !) /-*9 % / '(% L
´ uw2wwM ¿7gvA1 ±²±³~Hsuw±³²8¸8A7suw2uwS²§gsJ¢Z5SÁg·²s·Ê¼ gJ³J88Ê7g¸½$suw
ymë|pu g±UÁ8Û 9 ? Ü
G3+,9
8 <
/ 2& E5+G&&/
Å
Ó8s8³SÁhwSg 5sÆuw¼Zw7² ±²±³~°¢u7ggu g5
/$9$
v¼wM7§gwSSÁh J5³u²8§7suw¼±²2½Ê±³²u¸
¸u1·m7suw+uwX8m7suw³)±³³u¸m78SÅ)r:suw+±²³u¸51D) ¢DwXwSÒ7suw
+&11 /0,
Á
&+&11 /0,
g
$&+
¹ºÒ½7suwµ±³²u¸Âs8¢DwSwÕ±³g5»Å&´uuÒ7²g8±³±²~gÁ)7suwµ³½¾7vA17²gȽ·s8³ 5sÕuwS²§gs¢Dg2uwS
sDq¡w¢ZwwSÈw±³wS wSÆ 1$%0"4&94/$ ¹ºww¼wM ¿7²gÆ¥uÅg»³±8wSÖÅ2r:suw G$9$ v¼wS7§wM
w¼7wS w³¡wSÈ¢~±²±¦ÀÏsuÈuw³§s¢Z5Á$¢u9wA82½¾7·:5wSÖÅr:suw~È7w¼~J8³ S±³±²~¢uJu S
g8 wDwS 7w½¾7wSsu³u§µZw7²Q S±³±²wMsuw C+Û)Û:Ú < D C`Ý Û Åur:sJDÁ G$9$ v¼wS7§wSlw8¢u±²w
wM 5sµ8uwl¼ 1¡wS+²7m¦ÀÏsuA8w³§s¢Dg7SÁ8±²³u¸X798w³§s¢Dg7Mh7suʳ½¾gvA17²gµgwM
³wSg 5suw2³°AÛ 9 ? Ü G 8 < G#2* Ü G ¹ºww8DwS8²Ùµ½¾lw7²±7»Å
%4 /-*9 %2?!). 5 ' $&/%*)
´! 8 " < G 2& ³¼8w³§s¢Dg:½`98w³§s¢Dg#"qÅ
´ 89½s8wuwS²§gsJ¢ZH 1¡w7~Á$ G$9$ vHwM7§gwS±³QwS8¢u±³wµ7ÆwwS Hg·w±³±:£1ÀOsug
8w³§s¢Dg7'½Öuwuw Ðg8Ò7wl817u5±³±²~gÅr:su`³½¾7vA17²gH+gwMH²¼7suw 8 *" < G 2& Ü GÅ
y A7suwl¢8gX½Ösuʲ½¾gvA³hÁgwS 5sA8uw% ³8wSDwS8wSg7±²~Aw±³wS 7X²7Ê1·µw+½ 1$%098
"4&9 G$ + v¼u§²7+¦ÀÏsuuwS²§gsJ¢Z5Ö³D 5s·q~m±³±J£1ÀOsuguw³§s¢Z5e½ ásDq¡w +&11 /0,
±³³u¸Ê·²s'&)( +*-,¿Å`r:su:v¼wS8Ês87suw 1$"4&9 >G$ + 1¡gw¹¾³7w7vA:½$5u²97u§wq»
±²±8£1ÀOs88w³§s¢Dg7:¹UÓ$³§8w¥»ÅXy 8wÊZg7³¢u±³w±³§7²suv ½¾gXwS±²wM ¿³u§ms8wSwB Ý + `wS7 7³¢DwM
³¶Ë1ÎOÅ
z°gwuwM wS±²~gÁsuw&¢Z1¡wAu7wSwJ7³Õ½zQ+ S± u±17²gÕ³9 u51wµ½¾8uwS·²s
Ƴu§±³w³JwS½ºg wÅ BÑÒ7s?v8±Ò7²u±³w³JwS½ºg wSSÁsuwz°+ ± 8±³³âD¶suwz°+Ø8u²u§
±²§g7Ò7suvAl7wv¼²Ã8wS MÆz°+Ìwm³ gvH8wM°QwM 5s°³Jw½º wÁZg77wS 5s°±²±$suw
£1ÀOs8QuwS²§gs¢Dg7s8 7su²JwS½ºg wH³wwS²u§DÁe²Âsuw¼7v¼w9·:q~°mu7w¡³8±²~gÅ2r:suw¼uu³Æ½
.0/21#3547698939:<;=89>?A@:86CB1#D><EFG><6C1
P
1G8HI4FJ8K89B476LFGMN489:<MN489B4
P
1OE4:8C694P>Q
7suw zQ+pw5+½hwSg 5sA²JwS½ºg w v¼¸w uAs8wmz°Ê w+½¾g+7suwmuwÅ`´puw su8±³µw±³wS
zQ+ w8 5ssD1~£1ÀOs88w³§s¢Dg³ 1¡wSwMµ¢~1±³wSglguw2z°+ uwÅ
r:suw 1$%0"4&94 G$ w³9 v¼uuwSÈ·suwSuw¡gw° 5s8u§w¼³¶suwƦÀÏsuÈ£1ÀOsug¶uw³§sÀ
¢Z7su ³&w7wS wShÅ uuÒ7²ghÁwSg 5s 8uw vA³g5³8µ²7 ;B Ý +GG$/'& +GG Å r:s8³
w J7²8 7suw¼uwSm·su 5sÂsDq¡w¼wS±²wM ¿wM 1$%0"4&94G$ ÅAlwãu±³~½¾7·78
¢8Ju Sv¼wS77§wM+7wS w³¡wMµ½¾7v=guw½'Ò5 B Ý +G/$*G'&+ Å
%4 % 5%-7 / /)! $/%*)
Ê 5sâuw½7suw8w·7¸ÆvA³J7³8gDg±²g§ ±+²½¾gvA³?¢Dg7suw8w·7¸Æ¢u7³uwM
¢~°v¼wS8m½ D D D *"4&$*L40&$F v¼wS77§wMÅ2Ê 5sÈuw?wS±²wM ¿7wSÈ 1.$%0"394/$ Á
¢8Ju S7 D vHwM7§gwH±³wSg¼w¡gw7~ D < DCXÝ Û Å'r:suw D v¼wS77§w7²§g²D1wM
½¾7v3uwâuwS ±7wSsuwIB Ý +G/$*G'&+ ½ `ÅϽ+µ 5s88§w2 u7²7suw B Ý +G/$*G'& wSÁ
7suw&uwÙ D â¢DwwJ9wM7±²³wMÅÂr:suw D v¼wM7§gwSwØ8uwS¶7ȱ²±uwS9³âs8wuwÀ
·7¸8&7¸wu¡qJ7§gw½ B Ý + wM8 w7suwuv9¢DwSl½`7w778v¼³8SÅ+r:s8SÁDAuw
l7wSg 5s8¢8±²ww²s8w u²7wS ±³~gl¡³¼²7EB Ý + Ålr:su³lgDg±²g§ ±Ö³½¾gvA17²gQ g±²±³wS wS&³QwSg 5s
8uwÊs8g$7 ³wM2su±³u§l7²v¼w D+Ú µÚ+Û D ,BIC Áq1½7w·su³ 5s9Ò'$8±³u§gw¡q±²ÖÅ
r:suwHuwS²§gsJ¢Zm³½¾7vA1³Â8Qsuw9gDg±²g§~&²½¾gvA³Æw9w½¾wMsuwM°Zw7² ±²±³~ÁÖD
7suw~ÑwS8¢8±²wÈwSg 5s uwÈß gv¼uwÂs8wÈ7uwS7 ±²±¸u1·puwS³817²g8Å r:suwSwÂ7uwS
wQ v¼u7wSÑ·²spɸ77 sug7wSµ817s ±³§g²s8v ˳¦S¤qÎÏÅlwS8 wgÁ:suwS~Ñ7w°7²vA±
8 w78Êsuwuv9¢DwS½'su8SÅ`r:suwg³u§H7¢u±³wm gv¼uwM·s8wuwS¡w:7suw7w³¼ 5s8u§wm³
8w³§s¢Dgs8J:gDg±²g§~A³½¾7vA17²ghÅ
&-!$&<=?!,
Ê 5suw2vA³J7³8³½¾gvA17²g& 8 w7u³u§¼·su³ 5suwMvAq~g ¿ §gwS·q~ µ7 ÒÀ
wM9s8g7X8¼uw·7¸År:suwSw §g17w·:q~
Zw7³u³ S±³±²~9§w8w51w<
D
+,(&
<
/0=>&?
++/#G&0&>F
vHwM7§gwÁ gJ7³u³u§¼8³5:½¹ºuw·7¸gu7wS7ÁuwvA¸u» 77wSDg8³u§7¼suw
u8wS ¿7wSsuJ5hDuw·7¸Åhr:suw < vHwM7§gwSÖw'Ø8wMm±²±suwÊuwS)²7suwXuw·Êg¸
¢~9suw!B Ý +
ÅXr:suwSwlv¼wS77§wMXsuu±¼¢Zw778v¼²7wS¼Zw7² ±²±³~9wS¡wS~< < DCXÝ Û`Å
r:s8wµ ±³±³wS ¿7wS¶³½¾7vA17²gÈ2¡1±³È½¾ < 2µÚXÛ
D B CÅhr:s8wµuw·7¸28¶g 1wM
s8g7w9uwM&suw9g³u§A5¢u±³w98&suwS~s8q¡w27suw97v¼w8wÙ sugÆlsuw9uwµ7wSg 5s
7suw8ugu7³w §gwS·q~
Å
#5$/4.5 ) $&L!'() '<5!1!$/%*)
È7suw7Du5âymë$|Ôu77 ±OÁ$uw·su³ 5s¶s8gw¡wS7±`²J7w½º wMÁ$DwS³ ±³±³~Æwv¼²7
ZwS ±l~JZwÆv¼wM7§gwÁ z°8±Ò7²u±³wÆJ7w½º wQÉ wS ±³7³
Á² ·s8³ 5sѲ±³³7±³±²7µ³JwS½ºg wS
gu7wS7wMÁJ±³u§·Ò7s8w½Ö7suwvÁ·su 5sµXÃ8ÙwMÖÁ8µ³¹º¢8Ò77³±²~u»` 5s8gwµÊ²7Êv¼²&À
uwMSÅ)9suX7³ ±²wgÁHwÙwS8³ms8wSw B
v¼wM7§gwS$·²±³±¢DwluwS7 7²¢ZwSÖÁ3B
v¼wM7§gwSSÁ
J7²8²u§¼²v¼³±³²½¾gvA³hÅ
µ$A&'$ *"#$%&'()(=!$X
* ,/<=
y 8ugDJwM gÃ8§gu7³&±³§7²suv:¢8wS&7suwSwu³8 ²u±³wSM
A
;&/++ &+*+,)41 /
Aãgu7wS7`Êw±³wS wSµ¢J~H7suw 7²¡³u§2uwm8¼7su+±1w
³&suwgsu uw·Êg¸eÅ
A
E#" $%&' ;&/++G G wM 5sÕuw 5s8wS 5¸sD17suw7wµu9usuwSuwµ·²s
suw7v¼w28wMSÅ
A
(& G(/+G&$%0& ·suwS2uww7wS 7+s88s8w+8uw+8³u§7suwm7v¼wgu7wS7Á
Òl·³±³±)wS±²wM ¿HuwS·p8wMSÅ
AguÊuu7g 5s)Áqsuwmu7wS7Xg²§guv¼wJ`³+wS±³³¡wS±²~H³v¼u±²w;M$²Ê`Zw½¾7v¼wS¼¢~7suwluw
²7w±²½Á·²sug:ZwS ±ev¼wS77§wwÙu 5s88§wS+·Ò7s²7uwS²§gs¢Dg7SÅ$Ï ¢Zw Zw½¾7v¼wSA¢~µ²v¼u±³~
5s8JJ³u§Huw2:5DvÁ³°HvHgwwS±³¢Dg7wm·q~Q¹UwSwwS ³Q»Å
r:suw:u8±² wÊgu7wS7)wwM ¿³³$¢8wS ZwS ³±g gJ7±D 5¸w$ ±²±³wSzQ´ÉH¹ºz°8±Ò7²u±³w
´8wM9ÉwM ±517²gD»,M¼²9wSvH²7wSÕ¢~¶wSg 5sÕuwÁX8Õ³8 ±³8wMguwµwJ7ÒÃ8wSH8â±²±Êsuw
gu7wS7wM½suw2uwgÅÊr:suv¼wS77§wmDwS³ ±³±³~A58v¼ÒwM7¼suwwJ³wuw·Êg¸eÅXr:suw
wSg7ÒÃDw½'wSg 5suw27uv¼wSuuÐg8wÅ
r:suw wJ5±ÖwM9sD1l²½$7suw7w³l¼ Ø8 ¿l¢Zw·wwS·¼uwSM
A
uw½s8w°uwSH³ß ØD³ ¼·³±³±wM w³¡ws8wzÆ´É v¼wS77§w½¾7v%7suws8wAuw³
gØ8 ¿M7suw 7wS w³¡wMAzQ´É v¼wS77§w·²±³±D³8 ±²8uw7suwmgu7wS7X½hsuwm7wS wS²¡³u§uw ¢u
Òl·³±³±hs8q¡w s8w2³wSJ²Ã8wl½)7suw27suwuwgÅ
A
suwm7wS wS²¡³u§8uw·³±²±ÖwM8 w sD1suwzQ´É v¼wS77§w³u²7Ê1·µv¼wS7§wm8A·:
wSJl¢J~usuwSuwÁsuwS8 w7s817suw7w³A ØD³ SÅ
JwS S8w¼s8wzQ´É v¼wS7§wS2sugu±³¶¢ZwwJ2Qsuwµ·s8±³wAuw·7¸eÁ$D¢ZwS S8wymë$|u
sDÕ7²v¼³ÇwS¶v¼wM 5s8uv&Á' ±²±³wS¶z°Ê:ÀUØDJ³u§DÁ$7°5Dv¼²²½¾gvA³È°7suwµ·sug±²w
8w·7¸ZÁe²2³m8u5±&7w8w7suvHwM 5s88³v½¾2zQ´ É vHwM7§gwSSÅl1·w¡gwMÁD7suw¼u7wSw8 w
½ gØ8 ¿59vAq~¶³g7D wwÃD ²wS8 ³wSH³?7suw&vHwM 5s88³vÅ?r:sugwuwÃD ²wS8 ³wS¼ gu±â7wSu±Ò
³J¶½º²±³²8§¶âwwS AsuwÂuu±³³ S17²g ½gu7wS7wMÅ w8 wÁß³v¼Dg5J gg7³¢u7²gã½
gu·7¸7µ³g7D w 5s8u§wM:suwHz°+:ÀOØ8³u§µv¼wS 5s8uvÁeA7s81mzQ´ÉÔv¼wS7§wM
w28g8§J1wM&w×ewS ¿7²¡gw±³~Áe8hÁZgl³vHZ7J±³~Áu7s81 suJw9 5s8u§gwSl±²±³1· uu±³ 17w8wM
uwwM ¿7²g³°±³±hDJ³¢u±²w2 SwS½` gØ8 ¿7SÅ
7 <$&!1/65
´¢Dg2u7wS7g³§uv¼wJMÁDuv¼w7D7 5suwv¼wSm Q¢Zw98wS°wS±²wM ¿7suwH²u²±pgu7wS7Å
Ó82³87D wHsuwA8uwµ ÈZw½¾7v!78gv*wS±²wM ¿³¶³Õ·w±³±`¸u1·ÈD±+½u7wS7wSF
u7suwXwS 5s8u³ÐJuwl 85`½Ö8w½esuw uÃ8§u7wSHuwS²§gs¢Dg7`w±³wS ³u§suwmuuwM'gA¢DwSs8±²½