Le virus Zika est un virus émergent, pouvant être responsable de formes cliniques graves, inattendues, ayant suscité de vives inquiétudes auprès des communautés scientifiques, politiques, inquiétudes vite relayées par les médias. Il est actuellement le seul arbovirus humain identifié dont la transmission materno-fœtale est délétère et en particulier responsable d’atteintes neurologiques à type de microcéphalie.
Le diagnostic biologique de l’infection virale est maintenant bien défini même s’il peut rester complexe dans certains cas compte tenu de l’existence de réactions croisées entre les différentes espèces de flavivirus.
Encore aujourd’hui, les connaissances sur ce virus évoluent au fil du temps. La veille sanitaire s’avère importante pour bien cerner son expansion dans le monde. Dans l’avenir, il sera important d’approfondir son impact chez la femme enceinte (taux de transmission mère fœtus, sévérité des dommages occasionnés selon l’âge gestationnel,…) et de trouver des mesures servant à prévenir l’infection chez le fœtus ou le nourrisson une fois le contage déjà réalisé chez la mère.
L’épidémie récente de ZIKV renforce les questions relatives aux bouleversements écologiques liés aux activités humaines et nous interroge sur l’émergence/ré-émergence future hautement probable d’autres pathogènes en particulier viraux.
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ANNEXES
Annexe 1. Fiche de signalement et de renseignements cliniques cas suspect de chikungunya ou de dengue ou de zika
Annexe 4. Algorithme de dépistage proposé pour les femmes enceintes symptomatiques et qui ont été possiblement exposées au virus (U.S.A.) [108]
Annexe 5. Algorithme de dépistage proposé pour les femmes enceintes asymptomatiques et qui ont été possiblement exposées au virus (U.S.A.) [108]
Title : ZIKA VIRUS : FROM ITS DISCOVERY UNTIL TODAY
Abstract:
Zika virus, whose name comes from an Uganda forest where it has been first discovered in 1947, is an emergent virus. It has induced deep concerns among scientific and political communities, which were quickly relayed by media. Often responsible of a mild disease (fever, exanthema, arthralgia, conjonctivitis), this virus can induce severe clinical manifestations as Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital syndromes (particularly microcephalies). ZIKV is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes’ bite but set itself apart from other arbovirus since it can be transmitted from mother to foetus and by sexual route. In this context, it represents a risk for pregnant women and for women of childbearing potential. Only a relevant biological diagnostic enables to confirm an infection by Zika virus. There is currently no treatment against ZIKV. Nevertheless, everything is done to prevent the transmission of this virus such as vector control and development of several vaccines, some of them are in phase II of clinical trial.
Titre : LE VIRUS ZIKA : DE SA DECOUVERTE A NOS JOURS
Résumé
:Le virus Zika, dont le nom correspond à une forêt ougandaise où il a été découvert en 1947, est un virus émergent qui a suscité de vives inquiétudes auprès des communautés scientifique et politique, inquiétudes vite relayées par les médias. Associée à ses débuts à une affection