l6orafmtokvk-u;tlbdlk mjko dq,dvo l5fmy9ad 3I’IPog8adoyddtlydefq’7e-hk&rsquo

Texte intégral

(1)c[[IPo. rNo4ko;y-k-u[ -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk xumu ! IP[IP’3fp mjko ok’ ,tou.l 3rmylko ;ymtpkw]g8adoydxkdxklad mjko ok’ 7volts;ao raomt;q’ ;ymtpkw]g8adoydxkdxklad mjko ok’ 7yfvkoq’ otwr;q’ l6orafmtokvk-u;tlbdlk mjko dq,dvo l5fmy9ad 3I’IPog8adoyddtlydefq’7e-hk’ mjko lug]aj’ ]yfl6omvo l6orafmtokvk-u;tlbdlk mjko r6mvo 3rmyw;ymtpkw]g8adoydxkdxklad mjko 7elvo 9aolu ;ymtpkw]g8adoydxkdxklad mjko 7ely’ 9aomt;q’lk 3I’IPog8adoyd]k; { g1p]t,ao mjko lu-q,-no 1kfltfkIad 3I’IPog8adoyd]k; { g1p]t,ao mjko cl’9ao 9aofk]k ,Dl ;P’9ao mjko graflts;jk’ xt9qowr lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk d;fcdh3fp mjko r6;P’ r6,uyw] dq,vk-u;tlbdlk mjko ly]y7edvo lul5]kf l6orafmtokvk-u;tlbdlk mjko ok’ xkdPo s^;’w--tot lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk g0Qk|hk3fp mjko .[l5d 75omt;q’ mjko mv’fe mv’lyo. ]af;ylkstdyf 3I’ru,lbdlk lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk. dt-;’lbdlkmydko lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk ;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk. @W!W.

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(5) rkdmu I dkogInvo [qfmu ! dkome7;k,ltvkfg7njv’.-hrkp.ogInvo g7njv’.-hrkp.ogInvo,us^kpxtgrf c8j]txtgrfgIaf9kd;afltf58jk’dao djv 9tme7;k,ltvkfgInvo gIqk7;ome7;k,ltvkfg7njv’.-hrkp.ogInvo.shltvkf ’k,8k c]t ,u]t[P[s^kp0bhoD dkome7;k,ltvkfg7njv’.-hrkp.ogInvomjugIaf 9kd;afltf58jk’M7;oxt8u[affaj’]5j,oUG. !D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfg7nv[fh;plu. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. g7njv’lP’F 3m]trk[F raf]q,F 3,’ mju,u37’ lhk’g7nv[fh;plu 7;o.-hzkh csh’da[lkome 7;k,ltvkf g-ajoG oE1k0aflu-toyfoE s^n /5jo g-af46 3fp[=j8vh ’.-hoEF 4hkgxnvh os^kp.sh.-hzhk 95[oElt[6 c]t [yfzhk.shcsh’me7;k,lt vkfD djvo9tme7;k,ltvkf8hv’4vfxadlP[ w22hkvvdm5d7A’D. @D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfmv’gs^nv’ s^n mv’cf’ 0aoF 3vF lkpcv;F lkpc0o mujgIaffh;pmv’ gs^nv’ s^n mv’cf’ 7;o.-hoE\kd0k,xPd 0af46 4hk1kd.shg7njv’mv’ ,uluc;;;k; 7;o.-h oE1k0afmv’ 0af-Evudgmnjv|bj’D. 1.

(6) #D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfg’yo 0aoF 3vF lkpcv;F lkpc0oF lkp7= mjugIaffh;p g’yo 7;o.-hglfzhk95[oE|kdok;xtlq,oElt [6 s^n oE\kd0k,xPdxtlq,0Ug4qjkF 0af46 c]h; 9jb’]hk’fh;poEltvkf g-af.shcsh’ s+fh;p4q’ 1k’ [+.shvkdkfg0qhkwfh9tgIaf.shg7njv’g’yo [+ gxaolufeD. $D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfmujgIaffh;ps;kp c]t w,hwzj. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. 38tF 8aj’F 8P’F 8h6 g7njv’xtfa[8jk’M 7;o.-hw,h xaf0qowdjxaf/5jovvdF g-affh;pzhkcsh’ 4hk.-h zhkxPd9tgIaf.shgdufg-Nv]kF 4hk,uIvpgxnhvo s^kp.shg-affh;poElqh,mju.ljvksko XoElQ,lkp -6? xtlq,oEv5jo c]h;0affh;p0uhgzY’ 4hk8hv’ dko.shg7njv’s;kp.\j0bho .sh.-h2v’oE95[oE gdnv [yf2v’oE.sh\kfM g-af46.shmqj; c]t 0af46[=]yg;omjugxNvooAos^kpM gmnjvD. &D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfmjugIaffh;pw,h 38tF 8ja’F 8P’F 8h6 c]t g7njv’xtfa[7;o.-h2vp s^n w,hxaf0qowdj s^n zhkcsh’ xaf0U/5jovvd c]t g-affh;pzhk95[oE c]t [yfzhk.sh\kfM g-af46 .shmqj; c]h;xtw;h.shcsh’D. 2.

(7) *D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfmjugIaffh;p|a’ c]t ;afltf5|a’mP, 8aj’F -ko]q’ s^n 3-2k 7;ome7;k,ltvkf 3fp.-hcx’mju,u0qovjvoxaf0U/5jo s^n lyj’lqddtxqd vvddjvoF .-hzhkcr-toyfzhkoh5, s^n zhk0qo|6 95[oE1k0af|a’ 0af.shmqj;g7njv’.-hfaj’djk; c]t .-hzhkcsh’ 0afvudgmnjv\bj’.sh0Bog’qkD. (D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfmujgIaffh;pcdh;. )D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfmujgIaffh;pcdh; s^n c;jo. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. 4h;pF -k,F 9vdmjugIaffh;pcdh; 7;o]hk’fh;p oExtlq,oElqh,mju.ljvksko XoElQ,lkp-6? vaf 8klj;ooElQ, ! lj;o8+oE # lj;o c-jxtw;h |hvp|bj’c]h;oe0bho 0;EzN’ s^n 8kd]q,.og0y’ .shcsh’ 3fp[=j8vh ’g-afg7njv’cdh;9tgIaf.shcdh; .lc;;;k;F 4hkgIqk.-hzhkg-af9tgIaf.shcdh;[+ .lD. 86hF 38tcdh;F dt9qdmju,uc;jocp’ xjv’1hP,cdh; 7;o.-hw,hxaf0qowdjxaf/5jovvdF .-h2v’oE95[oE lt[6xtlq,oE\kdok; g-af46F c]h;g-affh;p zhkcsh’ltvkf s^n me7;k,ltvkf fh;poE1k g-afcdh; c]h;.-hg9hp|a’lnru, g-af.shcsh’9t -j;p.shcdh;c;jo.lltvkfD. _D. g7njv’.-hxtgrfmujgIaffh;px]kl8yd 4h;p{-k,F 3v8adoEF 7;o]hk’ me7;k,lt vkffh;plt[6 .-hzhk s^n 2v’oE 0af 46g-af.sh csh’F 4hkgxnvh ofh;pw0,ao 7;o.-hoEv5joxtlq, oElt[6me7;k,ltvkfD. 3.

(8) g7njv’.-hxtgrfmujgIaffh;p;afltf58jk’M w,hF 1k’x]kl8ydF cdh;F |a’ c]t 3]st muj gxNvofh;p1k’\kdw,h c]t oE,aog7njv’ 7;o .-hzhkcr95[oE,aornfF oE,aodHkfF oE,aocvaf -a’-toyf.f\bj’ g-af46me7;k,ltvkf c]t .sh g-afvudgmnjv|bj’ fh;pzhkcrmjultvkf9tgIaf.sh g7njv’[=j,uIvpgxhnvoD. !D dkome7;k,ltvkf g7njv’.-hrkp.ogInvomjugIaffh;ps;kp c]t w,hwzj.sh.\j0Bo 7;o.-h2v’oE95[oEgdnv c]t [yfzhkcr.sh\kfM c]h;g-af46.shmj;q D X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD 4nd 0D zyf @D dkome7;k,ltvkfg7njv’.-h mjugxnhvofh;p1k’\kdw,hF oE,aog7njv’gIqk7;ogIaf co;.fL X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD .-hoEv5joxtlq,oElt[6oE1k 0D .-hoE1k0afg’qk c]t g-afcdh; 7D .-hoE,aornf c]t oE,aocvaf-a’ 'D .-hoEme,t-kf #D dkome7;k,ltvkfg7njv’.-hrkp.ogInvomujgIaffh;px]kl8yd 4hkgxNvofh;pw0 ,aogIqk7;ogIafco;.f L. ສດິ. 7e4k, G. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. !WD. 4.

(9) [qfmu @ dkome7;k,ltvkflj;oxtdv[0v’gInvo gInvo3fpmqj;wx,ulj;oxtdv[mjule7aog-ajoG grfkoF /kgInvoF xt86{xhv’1hP,F rNogInvo grnjv.shgInvoltvkfgxao]t[P[gIqk7;oxt8y[affaj’8+wxoUG. !D. grfko grfkomujoypq,.-h.oxaf95[aolj;os^kp9tgIaffh;pw,hF pk’F dtg[Nv’F pu[-eD djvo me7;k,ltvkf 7;o0qophkpg7njv’mju0qophkpwfhwxw;h[jvovnjoF .-hzkh x]kl8yd75, g7njv’0v’w;hF grnjvxhv’daolyj’lqddtxqd0u/h jo5 F .pc,’,5,8qd]q’,k.ljD dkome7;k,lt vkfgrfko 7;o1nog\nv]q, grnjv[=j.shglflyj’lqddtxqds^jqo]q’,k4nd38 c]t g0qhk 8kF .-h2vpxaf.pc,’,5, -toyfdhkopk;xaf8k,[=]yg;o mju,u.pc,’,5,vvddjvoD 7;ome7;k,ltvkfgrfko1jk’lt|jeltg\u1jk’ohvp @ vkmyf8=j7ah’D. /kgInvo. ສດິ. @D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. /kgInvomjuoyp,q .-h.oxaf95[oa lj;os^kp9tgIaffh;pw,hF -u,’a F dtg[nvh ’g7nv[ s^n /k dk3]D { /kgInvow,hG 7;o.-h2vpd;kfxaf0u/h jo5 vvd.shltvkfc]h;.-hzkh 95[oE[yf\kfM g-af[=]yg;omjugxNvoD { /kgInvo-u,a’mjumkfh;pluoEG .-hzhkcsh’da[zq’0afme7;k,ltvkfF 4hkgxnhvos^kp .sh.-h zhk95[oElt[6jg-af46 c]t .-hcx’0af-u,’a 46[=]yg;ogxnvh ofh;p[kf,ng[qkM grnjv [+.shlu]vdD { /kgInvo-u,a’mjumkfh;pluoE,aoG .-hzhk95[oElt[6jg-af46 c]t 4hkgxnhvos^kp .-hcx’ 0af-u,a’ 46vvdg[qkMD { /kgInvodtg[nhv’g7nv[ s^n /kdk3]G .-hzhk95[oElt[6 s^n oE1k0afdtg[nhv’me 7;k,ltvkf c]h;]hk’vvdfh;poEltvkfD. #D. xt86 c]t xhv’1hP, xt86 c]t xhv’1hP, mjuoypq,.-h.oxaf95[ao lj;os^kp9tgIaffh;pw,h c]t cdh;D { xt86 s^n xjv’1hP,w,hG xaf0uh/5jovvddjvoF .-hzhk95[oE[yf\kfM [+.shxPd c]t csh’s^kp g-af46me7;k,ltvkfF 4hkgxnhvos^kp .sh.-hzhk95[oElt[6g-af46djvo 9bj’ 5.

(10) .-hzhk95[oEltvkfg-afvudgmnjv|bj’D { xt86 s^n xjv’1hP,cdh;G xaf0U/5jovvddjvo.-hg9hp|a’lnry,95[oE g-af46 me7;k,lt vkf s^n .-hzhk95[oE1kme7;k,ltvkfcdh; Xdt9qd? g-af46cdh;9tlqf.lfuD. rnhogInvo. ສດິ. rnhogInvomjuoypq,.-h.oxaf95[aolj;os^kp,uxtgrfmujgIaffh;pw,hF -u,a’ c]t lkf 1k’dtg[Nv’g7nv[ s^n dk3]D { rnhogInvomjugIaffh;pw,hG d;kf0uh/5jovvdfh;p2vpF .-hzhkltvkf s^n w,h46rnho95[oE me,tfk 4hkgxnvh os^kp .sh.-hoExtlq,lt[6g-af46me7;k,ltvkf[=]yg;omujgxNvo c]t g-affh;pzhk95[oEltvkfvudgmnjv|bj’ { rnho-u,a’ s^n rnhosyovjvoG d;kf0uh/5jovvdfh;p2vpF .-hoEme,tfk46djvoF c]h;9bj’ .-hoE1k0afrnoh s^n oExtlq,lt[6g-af46F 4hk,u7k[gxnvh os^kp.sh.-hcx’0afrNo c]t ]hk’ [=]yg;ogxNvovvdfh;poEltvkf.-hzhkltvkf c]t g-af.shcsh’maomuD { rnholkf1k’G d;kf0uh/jo5 vvd.sh\qf .-hzhk95[oE[yf\kfM g-af46me7;k,ltvkf .shmqj; ]t;a’ 1jk.shoExPdrnholkf1k’ 9tgIaf.shlus^hvowfhD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. $D. 7e4k, G. !D dkome7;k,ltvkfgrfkogIqk7;o1no1j6g|nv]q,D dD 4nd 0D zyf @D dkome7;k,ltvkfrnhogInvomjugIaffh;p-u,a’ 4hkgxNvos^kp7;o.-hzhk95[oE[yf.sh\kf g-af46D dD 4nd 0D zyf #D dkome7;k,ltvkfxt86F xhv’phP,cdh;.shlfq .lfugIqk7;ogIafco;.fL X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD .-hzhkcsh’g-af46[=]yg;ogxNvo 0D .-hzhk95[oEme,tfk 7D .-hzhk95[oE1kme7;k,ltvkfcdh; ’D .-hzhk95[oE,aome7;k,ltvkfD 6.

(11) [qfmu # ,k]tpkfrkp.o7v[7q; ,k]tpkfrkp.o7v[7q; gxaolyj’le7aovaofa[|bj’ muj9t8hv’g/yd/qos+^s^v,8qo gv’.shgxaozh,6 u7o5 lq,[afmujfu ,u7;k,xtrbfIP[IhvpF Ihg6 7qk]q[oa[4nzv6h k;53lF Ih[6 o5 75or+ c,jF IhI6 da cr’-j;pgsn^vg-yj’dao c]t daoF dkog;Qk9kl5rk[IP[Ihvpvjvos;ko gxaomujr=.90v’7qorkp.o7v[7q;D dkoxt8y[fa 8qo]ts;jk’1jr6 kp.o7v[7q;d+gxao75o lq,[afmujfuvoa |bj’ g-yj’ltcf’g4y’7;k,,u,k]tpkfvaofu mujgIqk9twfhg/yd/qo8qogv’ .shlvf7jv’da[7qo.o7v[7q; c]t la’7q,D. !D. dko7;[75,vk]q,. @D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. vk]q, \kpg4y’7;k,gxaowx0v’9yf.9.o0tot|bj’ -bj’gxao7;k,Ih6lbdltgmnvo .9mujgduf0Bog-ajoG .9IhkpF 1hkoF IadF -a’F vyflkF fu.9F glp.9 c]t vnjoM gxaovk]q,muj,u ma’vaofu c]t [+fu 4hkvk]q,[+fud+gIaf.shgduf,udkozyf4P’daoD dko7;[75,vk]q,9yj’ gxaolj;ole7aos^kpmuj9t8hv’rtpkpk,g/ydsaf7;[75,8qogv’.sh,ult8yF 1bf\Ao.o gsfzqoF .sh,u7;k,vqf mqorkdrPo 8hv’.-hlt8yxaopk7;k,7yf g0Qkcdhw0vk]q,muj [+fuD. dkooaj’. dkooaj’mujfu9t-j;plqj’glu,[5d0t]yd ]adltot0v’c8j]t7qowfhs^kp1jk’ g4y’c,jo ;jk9t,uI6[Ijk’fu c8joaj’[+g\ktlq, d=gIaf.sh7;k,’k,]qf|hvp]q’ c]t dkooaj’ gs^qjkoUgxaolyj’mujg/ydsafwfhpkd c]t 8hv’.-hg;]k.odkoxa[x5’8qogv’ g-yj’gIqk7;o xt8y[affaj’oUG dkooaj’da[rNo. { dkooaj’da[rNo gIqk8hv’oaj’ra[cr[ gvqk,nxt lkodao [+7;ooaj’gmQkc0o c]t 7k’ { oaj’le];, .omjk[+g|a’8u’wx,k IP[Ihvp 3fp gvqk,n9[a daow;h [jvo|hk8adF oaj’38dq’ s^n 3oh, 38wxmk’|hkg]ad|hvpD. 7.

(12) #D. dko.-hshv’oE { djvo.-h9tshv’oE 7;od;fdkltrk[ c]t me7;k,ltvkfF g;]k.-hshv’oE c]h;8hv’vtokw, c]t ]hk’.shltvkfIP[IhvpS { [+7;o.-hshv’oEfqogduowx 9qogIaf.sh7qovnjo]=4hkfqoS { [+7;o8kdg7njv’oj5’F zhkcr.oshv’oE grkt9tgIaf.shgdufg-Nv]k c]t gxaort pkfzy;|a’wfhD. $D. dko.-hshv’ovo { djvo9tg0Qkovo8hv’]hk’,nF 46c0h; c]t ]hk’8uo.shltvkfglpdjvoS { xaf c]t cx’[jvoovo.shIP[Ihvp c]h;9yj’ovoS { sa^’9kd8njoovoc]h; 8hv’,hPo[jvoovo.shgxao]t[P[S { 4hkd=]touovoIj;,daoda[vhkp sn^ gvNvp c]t ohv’ [+7;ogIaf.sh,ulP’fa’.og;]k muj,u7qoovosa^[. ສດິ. dkoIa[xtmkovksko. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. &D. { o5j’g7njv’.shltvkf c]t l5rk[IP[IhvpS { djvo c]t sâ’9kddyog0Qk 8hv’]hk’,n.shltvkf c]t g-af.shcsh’S { g;]k8advksko[+7;o8ads^kpgduowxF [+7;odyo7e.spj c]t [+vhkxkdd;hk’S { g;]kspEvksko8hv’’a[xkdS { g;]k-qf s^n spEvksko [+7;o.sh,ulP’fa’S { g;]k,uvksko16j.oxkd [+7;og;QkS g;]kfnj,oE [+7;ofnj,w; grnjv[+.shlt\adD. *D. dkoIa[8hvoc0d dkogxaog9Qk0v’gInvo mujfu7;o,u,k]tpkf.odko8hvoIa[c0d 3fp,usâddko muj7;oxt8y[affaj’oUG { me7;k,g7qk]q[fh;pdkop=,noq[lt[kpfu 4hk gxaoc0dzh6.spj sn^ vk;53lS { [+7;o4k,c0d;jk ,ksk,u;Pdspa’ djvovnjo \qf 8hv’8hvoIa[ c]t g-uoc0doaj’djvo c]h; 9bj’skoE,k.shc0dfnj,S 8.

(13) { g;]kp=oE.shc0d 7;o9a[[jvodk’9vdfh;p,n0;kF 4hkgxaoc0dzh.6 spj sn^ vk;53ld+ 7;ooaj’75g0qjk gvqk,n-kh p39,lvd.og;]kglu[oE c]t 8A’w;h7jvpM gvqkoE.lj9vd 8hv’.shsf5^ 9kdxkd9vd]q’,kxt,ko !}$ 0v’9vdS { 4hkc0d,k0=7;k,-j;pgsn^v d+7;o-j;p8k,lq,7;o 4hk0af0hv’d+8hv’xt8yglf 1jk’l5rk[S { g;Qk9kda[c0d fh;p.[|hkpY,cph,c9j,.l 8hv’4n;jkc0dmuj,kgInvogIqk,udPfmuj l5f 4hkd=]toumujr+c,j[+1j6S { [+7;oIhkp7qo.ogInvo8+|hkc0dF [+7;og[yj’3,’g]NvpM.og;]k1j6da[c0d c]t [+ 7;oltcf’mjkmu]a’dPfc0dD. 7e4k,. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. !D ,k]tpkf.odko.-hshv’oEmujfu sa^’9kd.-hc]h;gIqk8hv’]hk’.shltvkfD dD 4nd 0D zyf @D sa^’9kdmuj8njoovoc]h; gIqk7;oxt4U,g7njv’ovow;h.sh7qovnjogxaoz6h,hPo.shD dD 4nd 0D zyf #D dko4vdoE.lj9vd.shgpAooEs^5fxkd9vd]q’xt,ko !}@ 0v’9vd c]t 9a[[jvo dk’9vd dD 4nd 0D zyf $D dkooaj’ra[cr[ 8hv’oaj’c[[.fL &D ,k]tpkf.odko8ad c]t spEvksko8hv’gIafco;.fL. 9.

(14) [qfmu $ dko8afspy[ !D. v5xtdvo8afspy[ v5xtdvo8afspy[ c,jog7njv’,nmujgvqk,k-j;p.odko8afspy[ g-yj’,us^kp1jk’ lt oAo7;ooe.-h.sh4nd8k,|hkmuj0v’,aoD g7njv’;afcmd dD g-nvdcmdG .-hw;hcmd0t|kf 387qo c]t zhkcrD. 0D [aomaf37h’G .-hw;h0ufglAo37h’ .og;]k c8h,c[[D. 7D [aomaf-njG .-hle]a[cmd c]t 0ufglAo-nj.og;]kc8h,c[[D. ’D [aomaflkdG .-hle]a[w;hcmd,6,lkd sn^ glAolkd .og;]kc8h,c[[D. g7njv’,n8af dD ,uf8afG .-hle]a[8afzhkcr sn^ fhkpspy[D. 0D gsa^d,hk’fhkpG .-hle]a[,hk’glAofhkp spy[.od=]toumujspy[zyfD. !D@. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. !D!. 10.

(15) !D#. g7njv’,nspy[ dD g0a,,nG .-hle]a[spy[ sn^ fk,zhk crfh;p,n. 0D g0a,9adG .-hle]a[spy[zhkcrfh;p9ad spy[. ’D \vog0a,G .-hle]a[gxao[jvoxadg0a, w;hg-ajoG g0a,,nF g0a,,5f c]t g0a,9adD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. 7D g0a,,5fG .-hle]a[0afzhkcrczjo gmy’ c]t ]j5,8yfdaogrnjv[+.shzhk crma’ @ czjooAog7njvophkpvvd 9kddao.og;]k c]t 8afspy[D. 9D xvd,nG .-hle]a[l5[.ljoY;dk’ 0v’,n0;k grnjvltf;d.odko faodQog0a, c]t [+.shdQog0a, cm’oY;,n.og;]kph6dQog0a,D !D$. g7njv’c8h,{0ufglAoD dD l=0ufzhkcrG .-hle]a[0uf\kpglAo c]t \kpglAo8jk’M mujle7ao c]t 9egxaoF lj;os^kp,u $ luG 0k;F 2hkF cf’ c]t gsn^v’D 11.

(16) 7D g9hpdkd[voluG .-hle]a[dY’glAomuj spy[.ljzhkcr czjogmy’ c]t ]j5, 3fp.-h]6ddY’D. g7njv’]uf c]t spy[ dD g8qk]ufG .-h]ufzhkcr[+.shsp+grnjv fh;p zhkcr]P[ c]t ’k,D. 0D 9adspy[G .-hw;hspy[g7njv’oj5’sqj, 9adD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. !D&. 0D ]6ddY’G .-hle]a[dY’glAospy[9kd c[[ .ljzhkcrczjogmy’ c]t czjo ]j5,.shgmqjkdaozjkog9hpdkd[voluD. v5xtdvo.odko8afspy[,us^kp1jk’ 7;ooe.-h.sh4nd|hkmuj0v’,aoF rkpsa^’mujoe .-h c]h; c8j]t7A’7;o,hPow;h .shgxao]t[P[IP[Ihvp vkf9t,hPow;h.oda[g7njv’,n 8afspy[ ltgrkt sn^ shvpw;h sn^ .lj.o]Uo-adgrnjvltf;d.odkooe.-hD. @D. dkospy[fh;p,n dkospy[fh;p,n gxaolyj’muj9egxao.odko8afspy[ grkt[k’lj;o0v’g7njv’oj’5 9t 8hv’.-hf6dmujspy[fh;p,n .sh,u7;k,9q[’k,xkoufd;jkdkospy[fh;p9ad c]t [k’ [jvo9egxao8hv’,udkofk, sn^ goqk.shr=fu c]h;9bj’spy[fh;p9ad sn^ vkf9tspy[fh;p ,n .od=]toumuj[+,u9adspy[D dkospy[mqj;wx7;o.-hg0a,0t|kfdk’ muj.-hs^kpmujl5f Xg0a,g[u _? .-hwfhda[;Pdspy[mqj;M wx.-hspy[cr/hkpF crw\DDD 7;og]nvd.-hfhkp spy[mujg\ktlq,da[0t|kf0v’g0a,F fhkpspy[3fpmqj;wx9t.-hg[u *W 4hkgxaodko goqk sn^ fk,8hv’.-hfhkpspy[ le]a[ fk,3fpltgrktF 7;k,pk;0v’fhkpspy[ xt,ko $W{&W -a’8uc,af c]t [+.shpk;gduo *W -a’8uc,af grkt9tgIaf.shfhkpspy[ raodao c]t sph5’D 12.

(17) @D!. dko0vffhkpspy[ g,njvcpjfhkpspy[g0QkI6g0a, c]h;mq[xkpfhkpspy[g0Qkskdao djvo9tspy[ s^n fk, 8hv’0vffhkpspy[g[Nv’mujpk;d;jk X4hkspy[f6dvkf9t.-hfhkpspy[ @ glAo grnjv[+.sh0kf’jkp?D 9a[mk’xkpfhkpg[Nv’mujpk; dhP;xkpoY;-U ! Iv[9qo.shglAofhkpspy[dhP;dao .-h3xh,nI6fglAo fhkp9qos^5fvvd9kdoY;-UD. I6[mu !. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. fb’glAofhkpvud0hk’|bj’fh;p,n0;k c]t gIaf.sh 0vflQofhkpoAoohvp c]t c|hofuD. I6[mu @. @D@ dkospy[ sn^ fk,[kfgmqjkdao. glAospy[. .sh8afzhk0t|kf &V!W -a’8uc,af @ czjo c]t deoqfglAospy[ 3fp.-hl=0ufzhk 0ufglAo-nj1j6g7yj’ dk’zhkD. I6[mu ! 13.

(18) I6[mu @. dkospy[ sn^ fk,[kf[+gmjqjkdao glAospy[. .sh8afzhk0t|kf &V!W -a’8uc,af @ czjo c]t deoqfglAospy[ 3fp.-hl=0ufzhk 0ufglAo-nj1j6g7yj’ dk’zhkD. ສດິ. @D#. cm’g0a,]q’ c]t 0Bo9kdzhk.sh[kffk,gmqjk daoxt,ko WF& -a’8uc,af c]t [+7;osjk’gduo !F& -a’8uc,af oe.-h[kffk,oUw;h c]h;9bj’oewx spy[ sn^ lvpD 4hk9t.-hspy[ 8hv’gIaf[kf4ujM xt,ko WF@{WF# -a’8uc,af .-hfhkpspy[ @ glAo grnjv.sh[kfspy[c|ho|kfu c]t [+0kf’jkpD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. I6[mu !. I6[mu @. @D$. dkospy[ sn^ fk,[kf[+gmqjkdao .-hg0a,cm’]q’ c]t 0Bo.shfk,4uj c]t sjk’lts^[a dao grnjv.sh [kffk,sjk’16jmk’gmy’ lj;o[kffk,4uj16jmk’ ]5j, .sh[kffk,sjk’daoxt,ko !F& -a’8uc,af c]t [kffk,4ujxt,ko WF& -a’8uc,af.. dkospy[ s^n fk,[kflts^P’. .sh8afzhk0t|kf !WV!W -a’8uc,af ! czjo c]t ra[,h;ozhkle]a[w;hfk,D I6[mu ! 14.

(19) dkospy[ s^n fk,[kflts^P’8hv’fk, sn^ spy[.shltsj^P’daogmy’zhkcrF .-hfk,cr @ czjo .sh16j8yfdaog-ajoG .-hfk,zhk-Aoovdda[ zhkIv’.o[jvo7=glNvF lk[glNv s^n fk,[jvo xkd4q’ c]t I6dtf5,g9ktD I6[mu @. #D. ;ymuspy[dtf5, c]t 0=gdkt. #D!. spy[dtf5,xE dtf5,xE c,jodtf5,muj.-hzhkcrs+ c]t xEfh;pg7njv’9adD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. ;k’dtf5,.sh8yfda[zhk c]t 9a[g,afdtf5,.sh sjk’9kdzhkxt,ko WF@ -a’8uc,af .shspy[gvqk zhk c]t g,afdtf5,xt,ko &{* gmnjvD I6[mu !. fb’dtf5,w;hda[zhk c]h;.-hfhkpspy[raodhkodt f5, &{* Iv[D. I6[mu @. 15.

(20) raodhkodtf5,IP[Ihvp c]h;xad s^n cm’g0a,wx z6dxkpglAofhkp g-njv’w;hmk’]5j, lk[dtf5,D. I6[mu #. ;ymuspy[dtf5,-toyf,u @ I6. ສດິ. ;k’dtf5,gmy’zhk lvffhkp0Bo,kdhP;I6dtf5, c]h;lvfg0a,gsÂ,.spj .shglAofhkpspy[dhP; g0a,w;hF g,njvlvffhkpdhP;I6dtf5, #{$ gmjnvc]h; 4vfg0a,vvdD I6[mu !. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. #D@. 9a[g,afdtf5, w;hroa dhkodtf5, #{$ Iv[ X8k,.oI6[? c]h;xadg0a,g-njv’xkpfhkpspy[ w;hmk’]5j,lk[dtf5,D I6[mu @ dkospy[dtf5,c[[,uI6 le]a[glNv[k’g-ajoG glNv7=g-uf s^n glNv7=-5flkdqo gryjooypq,spy[dt f5,g,afohvpw;h1mj6 k’]5j,lk[dtf5, grnjv7;k, ’k, c]t mqomkoD I6[mu #. 16.

(21) ;ymuspy[dtf5,c8J[ lvfg0a,9kdmk’]5j,dtf5, 0Bomk’gmy’ c]t spy[-Evud7A’|bj’.shglAofhkpspy[gxao[h;’F g,njv lvfxkpg0a,zjko[h;’c]h;fb’glAofhkp.shc|ho spy[;ymufP;dao #{$ gmnjv8+ ! I6dtf5,D. I6[mu !. ສດິ. g,njvspy[dtf5,7q[m5dI6c]h; .shlvfg0a,g-njv’ xkpfhkpw;hmk’]j5,dtf5,D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. #D#. I6[mu @. .shglAofhkpraoxkpg0a, # Iv[ g,njvfb’xkp g0a,vvd fhkp9tgxao0vfD. I6[mu # 17.

(22) lvf0vffhkpw;hmk’]5j,g,afdtf5, g0a,zjkomk’]5j,dtf5,vudgmnjv|bj’D. c]h;lvf. I6[mu $. ;ymuspy[0=gdktohvp c]t 0=gdkt.spj. ສດິ. dkospy[0=gdktohvp .shspy[c[[fP;daoda[ dkospy[dtf5,c8J[D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. &D. dkospy[0=gdkt.spj .shspy[c[[fP;da[spy[ 0=gdktohvpD. 7e4k, !D g7njv’,nle]a[.-h.odko;afcmd,u7nG [aomaf37h’F [aomaf-nj c]t [aomaflkdD 0D zyf dD 4nd @D g7njv’,nle]a[.-h.odko8af,u7nG g0a,,nF ,uf8af c]t xvd,nD dDD 4nd 0DD zyf #D l=0ufzhk.-hle]a[w;hgIafspa’L X.sh\kp 9 .lj dD .-hle]a[0uf\kpglAospy[.og9hp 18. rP’ ! 0=h?D.

(23) 0D .-hle]a[0uf\kpglAospy[.ozhk 7D .-hle]a[0ufc8h,c[[glNvzhk 'D .-hle]a[0ufc8h,c[[.og9hp $D dko0vffhkpspy[8hv’.shlQofhkpoAoohvp c]t c|ho|kfuD dD 4nd 0D zyf. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. *D dkospy[[kf[+gmqjkdao.-hw;hgrnjvspa’L X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD .-hw;hgrnjvspy[f6dglNvzhk 0D .-hw;hfk,zhkdjvooewxlvp 7D .-hw;hlvpxkdc0;oglNv (D dkospy[dtf5,grnjv7;k,l;p’k, .shz6dxkpglAofhkpg-njv’w;hmk’]5j,0v’lk[ dtf5,D dD 4nd 0D zyf. ສດິ. &D grnjv[+.shfhkpspy[raodao c]t sp5h’gIqk7;o.-hfhkpspy[muj,u7;k,pk;gmqjk.fL X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD $W -a’8uc,af 0D &W -a’8uc,af 7D *W -a’8uc,af. )D dtf5,xE c,jodtf5,mujgIqk.-hzkh crmujoe,k8afglNvs+|j;pdtf5, c]t xEfh;pg7njv’ 9adD dD 4nd 0D zyf _D dkospy[dtf5,c8[.sh,u7;k,c|ho|kgIqk7;ogIafco;.fL X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD .shglAofhkpspy[cm’0Bo]q’ 0D .shglAofhkpspy[gxao[h;’ 7D .shglAofhkpspy[gxaog]d76o 19.

(24) [qfmu & v5xtdvo.odkox5’c8j’ !D. v5xtdvo.odkox5’c8j’ v5xtdvo.odkox5’c8j’gxaolyj’9egxaole]a[m5dM7q;gInvo c]t 0kf[+wfh grkt ;jk v5xtdvogs^qjkoU 8hv’,u16j.om5dM 7q;gInvog-ajo;jkG g8qkw2F \=hF ,ufF rhkF 0P’F -k,F 7qdF lkdF 4h;pF [j;’F 9v’ c]t vnjoMD. dkooe.-h c]t dkogda[Iadlk dD g8qkw2. ສດິ. g8qkw2,us^kp-toyfg-ajoG g8qkw2mujfa’fh;p2noF g8qkw2mujfa’fh;p4jkoF g8qkw22hk c]t g8qkcdafD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[fa’w2.sh7;k,Ihvo gIaf.shvk skol5dD { dkogda[IadlkG sâ’9kdx5’c8j’vkskoIP[Ihvp c]h; 7;o,vf2now2.shIP[Ihvpgrnjvxhv’daovad7uw2D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. @D. 0D \=h. \=h,us^kp-toyfg-aoG j \=hcd’F \=h-b’F \=h|B’F \=h0k’ c]t vnjoMD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[x5’c8j’vkskog-ajoG cd’F 8Q, |B’F 0Q;F mvf c]t vnjoMD { dkogda[IadlkG sâ’9kdx5’c8j’vkskoIP[Ihvp c]h; 7;ooewx]hk’.ljoE1k]hk’9ko.shltvkf c]h;’;k, s^n 0;Ew;h.shcsh’D. 7D ,uf ,uf,us^kp-toyfg-ajoG ,ufxkpcs^,F ,ufxkp8afF ,uflv’7q, c]t vnjoMD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[xvdF -vpF /koF 8af c]t vnjoMD { dkogda[IadlkG s^’a 9kd.-hc]h; 7;ooewx]hk’.shlt vkf c]t gda[w;h[jvomujxvfwrwd9kd,ngfadohvp grkt;jk,ufc,jo0v’muj,u7q,lk,kff[kf,nwfhD 20.

(25) ’D rhk,us^kp-toyf rhk,us^kp-toyfg-ajoG rhkvu38hF rhk0= c]t vnjoMD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[8afF raoF zjkF xvd c]t vnjoMD { dkogda[IadlkGG sâ’9kd.-hc]h;.shoewx]hk’ c]t gda[Iadlkw;hgxao1jk’fuD. 9D 0P’ xtdv[,u0P’w,h c]t 0P’x]kl8ydD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[Iv’.odko2adF 8afF sajoF -vp c]t vnjoMD { dkogda[IadlkG sâ’9kd.-hc]h; ]hk’.shltvkfD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. xtdv[,u-k,gsâdF -k,3]F -k,1k’ c]t vnjoMD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[]hk’rnfzadF -UoF xk c]t vnjoMD { dkogda[IadlkGG s^’a 9kd.-hc]h;]hk’.shltvkf c]t ’;k, s^n 0;Ew;h.shgxao]t[P[D. ສດິ. lD -k,. -D 7qd c]t lkd. xtdv[,u7qdmujgIaffh;psuoF fh;pfyo c]t w,Dh { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[x5’c8j’vkskog-ajoG 8exqjoF 8ec9j; c]t vnjoMD { dkogda[IadlkG sâ’9kd.-hx5’c8j’c]h; oewx]hk’.shltvkf c]t ’;k,w;h .shcsh’D. pD 4h;p xtdv[,u4h;psuoF 4h;pfyoF 4h;pgsâd c]t 4h;px]kl8ydD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[.ljvkskomuj.-hx’5 IP[Ihvpc]h;D { dkogda[IadlkGG sâ’9kd.-hc]h; 7;ooewx]hk’.ljoE1k ]hk’9ko.shltvkf c]h;oewx8kdcff sn^ ’;k,w;h.shcsh’D. fD 9ko xtdv[,u9kosuoF 9kofyoF 9kogsâdF 9kox]kl8ydD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[.ljvkskomuj.-hx5’IP[Ihvpc]h;D 21.

(26) { dkogda[IadlkG s^’a 9kd.-hc]h; 7;ooewx]hk’.ljoE 1k]hk’9ko.shltvkf c]h;oewx8kdcff sn ’;k,w;h.shcsh’D. 8D [j;’. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. 4D 9v’ xtdv[,u9v’gsâdF 9v’1k’F 9v’x]kl8yd c]t vnjoMD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[8ad s^n 7qovksko.odkox5’c8j’D { dkogda[IadlkG sâ’9kdxtdv[vkskoIP[Ihvp c]h;oewx]hk’.ljoE1k.shltvkfD. ສດິ. xtdv[,u[j;’gsâdF [j;’1k’F [j;’x]kl8yd c]t vnjoMD { dkooe.-hG .-hle]a[8adg7njv’x5’F -u,vksko c]t vnjo MD { dkogda[IadlkGG s’a^ 9kd.-hc]h; oewx]hk’.ljoE1k ]hk’9ko.shltvkf c]h;oewx8kdcff.shcsh’D. 7e4k, !D g8qkw2c,jog8qkmju.-h7;k,Ihvo.odkox5’c8j’L dD 4nd 0D zyf @D -k,grujo.-hw;hgIafspa’cfjLD X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD .-hw;h8advksko.odkox5’c8j’ 0D .-hle]a[]hk’rnfzad c]t vnjoM 7D .-hle]a[8Q, s^n 0Q;vksko #D ,ufgrujo.-hw;h xvdD -vpD /koD 8af c]t vnjoM dD 4nd 0D zyf. 22.

(27) [qfmu * cd’9nf c]t xU’ cd’9nf c]t xU’ c,jovksko7k;xtgrf|bj’muj7qogIqkoypq,gIafdyo,kc8jfqo okoD cd’9nf c]t xU’ ,us^kpxtgrfg-ajoG cd’9nf-Uo\6.ljzda dkfF cd’9nf-Uo\6.lj dt]qfF cd’9nf-Uo\6.ljdt]eF xU’xkF xU’wdjF xU’-Uo c]t vnjoMD. cd’9nf-Uo\6.ljdt]exu !D -Uo\6 @D dt]e #D zad[qj;.spj $D 0u’ &D sv,xhv, *D sv,[qj;.[ (D rydwm )D gdnv _D oExk !WD oE. $WW dik, ! sq; ! sq; ! sq; ! ,af ! ,af !}@ [j;’-k Xohvp? ! [j;’cd’ X.sjp? @ [j;’cd’ X.sjp? ! 4h;p.spj. 0D dkodtdP, { g]nvd-N-Uo\6mujlqf[+,udyog|ao7k; c]t lu[+cf’s^kpS { ]hk’-Uo\6.shltvkf -vpgxao8jvo[k’M c]h;2ad.shcs^d 9kdoAooewx7Ao.ljgdnvF rydwm c]h;7Ao.shg0Qkdao oewxxAogxaodhvo,qo0t|kfohvpF .sjp8k,7;k,,adS { cdtdk[dt]exuvvd ]hk’oE.shltvkf c]h;8afgxao8jvor=fuS { xvddk[sq;zad[qj;.sjpvvd c]h;]hk’oE.shltvkf xkfgxao8jvor=fuS { sv,[qj;.[F sv,xhv, ]hk’oE.shltvkf c]h;xkfgxao8jvoxt,kolv’0=h,nS { xvdgxnvd0u’vvd ]hk’oE.shltvkf c]h;m5[r=.shc8d Xm5[[+.sh,5ho?D. 23. ສດິ. dD g7njv’xtdv[. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. !D.

(28) 7D ;ymux5’ gvqkoEmuj8P,w;h ! 4h;p.sjp .lj\=7h kh ’w2.sh2fq F .lj0u’F gdnvF oExk c]t -Uo\6muj dP,w;h.o\=h]q’8Q,xt,ko !& okmu c]h;oegvqkdt]exu]q’.ljF r=dt]exul5dc]h; .sh gvqksq;[qj;.sjp]q’.ljxtw;hxt,ko & okmu c]h;gvqk.[sv,[qj;F sv,xhv,]q’.lj g;]kxq’.sh.ljrydwmvudgmnjv\bj’ grnjv.sh,udyosv,F 8ad.lj4h;pIa[xtmkowfhD. ’D dko9af8q[c8j’.lj4h;p { 8ad.lj4h;p.sjpdyoIj;,daos^kp7qoS { 8ad.lj4h;pohvpdyoc8j]t7qoS { 8ad.lj4h;p.sjpc8j,u[j;’8ad c]t 4h;pohvple]a[c[j’.shc8j]t7qoS { xt]y,kodko8ad !}# 0v’4h;pohvpS \kpgsfG grnvxh j v’daortpkf8yfcxfvnjoM 7;odyocd’.lj4h;pohvpD. ສດິ. xU’-Uo’q; dD g7njv’xtdv[ !D -Uo’q; @D sq;zadmP,csh’ #D oE8ko $D gdnv &D sq;lu.7. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. @D. WF& dy3]dik, & sq; ! [j;’-k !}@ [j;’cd’ @ sq;. 0D dkodtdP, { ]hk’-Uo’q;.shltvkf c]h;xkfgxao8jvo|kxt,ko !}@ 0=h,nS { ]hk’sq;lu.7.shltvkf c]h;-jvpF 8e.ljda[sq;dtmP,csh’xtw;hD. 7D ;ymux5’ oegvqk-Uomuj8P,w;hoAo,kgvnv[.ljgdnvF oE8koF sq;dtmP,F sq;lu.7muj8P,w;h c]h;oAo 7Ao.shg0Qkdaoxtw;hxt,ko !W{!& okmu grnjv.shlj;oxtlq,g0Qkdaowfhfu c]h; 9bj’oewxxU’D. 24.

(29) ’D ;ymuxU’ dkoxU’9t.-hw,hxU’ s^n gsâdxU’d+wfhF g;]kxU’.-hw2vjvoM 8hv’ryd-Uoda[wxda[,k grnjv.sh-oU oAol5dltg\udoa c]t [+w\h dko.-hw2vjvoM xU’9tgIaf.sh-oU ,ugoNvc|hoF csh’ c]t l5dfu 4hk9txU’[+.shcsh’7;o8afgxao8jvo|kF xU’.ljw2cI’ c]t .shl5dfuD. 9D ;ymu-vp sâ’9kdxU’-Uol5dc]h; .sh-vpgxao8jvo8k,mk’0;k’0v’-Uo s^n -vpgxao8jvo lts^P’[+|k c]t [+[k’9qogduowxD. lD dko9af8q[c8j’ 9af]P’-Uo.shgxao]t[P[9q[’k, 9af.lj9ko c]t 8q[c8j’fh;p.[zadlts^=afF \kd c8’gxao8QoD. -D dkogIafc9j;lQ,s;ko. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. \kdgzafohvplqf ({) \j;pF oE8ko ! [j;’cd’F gdnv !}@ [j;’-kF oExk ! [j;’cd’ oE\kdok; ! [j;’cd’F dtmP, @ xjP’ c]t sv,xhv, # 8Qo gvqk \kdgzafF dtmP, oE8ko c]t gdnv 8e.shg0Qkdao.shcs^d c]h;.ljoExk c]t oE\kdok;8k,]efa[ 8ad.lj4h;pohvp 3Ipfh;p.[shv,xhv,D. 7e4k, !D cd’9nf c,jocd’mu8hv’.ljoExkcfd c]t \kdgzaflqfD dD 4nd 0D zyf @D cd’9nfgIqklk,kfoegvqkzad-toyf.fcfj,kx5’c8j’L. #D dkoxU’-UogIafw2cI’9tgIaf.sh-Uogxaoco;.fL X.sh\kp 9 .lj dD -Uol5dltg\udao c]t csh’fu 0D -Uo[+l5d c]t w\h 7D -Uol5dgoNv[+c\ho c]t csh’. 25. rP’ ! 0=h?D.

(30) [qfmu ( oEs;koxtgrf8Q, oEs;ko\kddh;poE oEs;kogxaovkskoxtgrf|bj’ muj7qogIqkoypq,dyoF grkt;jkgIaf’jkpD \kddh;p gxao\kdw,hrNo[hko-toyf|bj’mujsk’jkp c]t ,u16j8k,mhv’4yjo8jk’M g-yj’xt-k-qo lk,kfx6d8k,7q;gInvo c]t ,u75oxt3spf.odko.-hlvp [+;jk9tgxao\kdF .[ c]t ]e8QoD !D \kddh;poEl5dgsuj, ! s;u @D \kdrhk;csh’ ! |j;p #D lk76 !WW dik, $D oE8ko $WW dik, &D gdnv ! [j;’-kXohvp?. ສດິ. dD g7njv’xtdv[. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. !D. 0D dkodtdP,. { g]nvddh;pmujl5d c]t 8b’fuF [+g]t s^n gsuj,9qogduowxS { xvdgxnvd\kddh;pvvd c]h;gvqkglAowp,aovvd.sh\qfF ]hk’fh;poEgdnv s^n oE mjultvkfF 9t8Q, s^n |B’d+wfhF 9t8af c]t 9tgIafgxao|;jpd+wfh8k,.9,adD { xvdgxnvd\kdrhk;vvdF 06fc]h;7AogvqkoEsq;dtmy ! 4h;pohvpF oExkp @ 4h;p .sjp { c-jlk76xtw;hxt,ko &{!W okmuD. 7D ;ymux5’ ;ymumuj ! gvqkoExkpdtmy.lj|=h 7hk’w2w;h.sh2fq F c]h;.ljd;h p8Q,fh;pw2vjvoM 9qodh;pl5d c]h;gvqkoE8koF gdnv c]t lk76]q’.lj r=lk76l5dc]h; g;]k9txq’.sh.ljoEsq;dtmy c]h;xq’]q’D ;ymumuj @ oedh;pwx|B’xt,ko !&{@W okmu c]h;9jb’oe,k8Q,.ljda[oExkpdtmyF .ljgdnvF oE8ko c]t lk76 dtr=l5d.shxq’]q’ g;]k9tIa[xtmko.sh.ljoEsq;dtmy\kdrhk;D 26.

(31) ’D dko9af8q[c8j’.lj4h;p { 8ad.lj4h;pohvp dyoc8j]t7qoS { 8ad.lj4h;p.sjp c8j,u[j;’8ad c]t 4h;pohvple]a[c[j’.shc8j]t7qoS { xt]y,kodko8ad !}# 0v’4h;pohvpD. oEs;ko,aofhk’ ,aofhk’gxao,ao-toyf|bj’mujlk,kfskwfh’jkp8k,mhv’4yjo8jk’M grkt7qo]k; oypq,x6d grnjvoe,kx5’c8j’gxaovkskos;ko [+;jk9tgxaooEs;koF \qd s^n gIafgxao cxh’d+wfhD. !D ,aofhk’ @D \kdrhk; #D oE8ko $D lk76 &D gdnv. 0D dkodtdP,. ! dy3]d^k, ! |j;p $WW dik, !WW dik, ! [j;’-kXohvp?. ສດິ. dD g7njv’xtdv[. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. @D. { xvdgxnvd,aofhk’ ]hk’.shltvkf 8afgxao8jvolAoxt,ko|bj'0=h,n s^n ;jk9t8Q,gxao 8jvopk;xt,kolk,0=h,nd+wfhS { xvdgxnvd\kdrhk; 06fF 7AogvqkoEsq;dtmy ! 4h;pohvpF oExkp !}@ 4h;p.sjpS { c-jlk76w;hxt,ko &{!W okmuD. 7D ;ymux5’ gvqkoExkpdtmy.lj\=7h kh ’w2w;h.sh2fq gvqk,ao8Qomuj8P,w;hooA ]q’.lj8,Q r=ld5 c]h;.sh .ljoE8koF lk76F gdnvF g;]k9txq’.sh.ljoEsq;dtmy\kdrhk; grnjv.sh,udyjosv, c]t ,aofuD. 27.

(32) ’D dko9af8q[c8j’.lj4h;p { 8ad.lj4h;pohvp dyoc8j]t7qoS { 8ad.lj4h;p.sjpc8j,u[j;’8ad c]t 4h;pohvple]a[c[j’.shc8j]t7qoS { xt]y,kodko8ad !}# 0v’4h;pohvpD. 7e4k, !D \kddh;pmujoe,kgIafoEs;ko 8hv’xvdgxnvdgvqkglAo.pmuj8yf8k,|j;pdh;pvvd ]hk’fh;poEgdnv c]t oEltvkfD dD 4nd 0D zyf. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. @D dko8Q,oEs;ko\kddh;pfh;pw2vjvo9tgIaf.sh]qf-kf0v’oEs;kogxaoco;.fLD X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD oEs;ko,u]qf-kfc-[8vodh;p[+/kf 0D oEs;ko,u]qf-kfc-[8hvodh;p[+gxnjvp 7D oEs;ko[+,u]qfc-[8vodh;plQ, #D dko8Q,oEs;ko,aofhk’.sh,u]qf-kfc-[gIqk7;ogIafco;.fL X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD 8Q,.ljoEme,tfk 0D 8Q,.ljoEme,tfk c]t .ljoE8korhv,dao 7D 8Q,.ljoExkpdtmy\kdrhk;. $D dkogda[,hPooEs;kogrnjv[+.sh[6fgoqjkgIqk7;o.-h4h;pF.-h[j;’multvkfc[j’w;hD dD 4nd 0D zyf. 28.

(33) rkdmu II dkox6d/a’ c]t ]hP’laf [qfmu ) rnfzadmujx6dfh;pcdjo !D. 7;k,\kp0v’dkox6drnfzad zadgxaovkskoxt9e;ao0v’,to5fF gxaocs^j’;y8k,yomuj,u7o5 7jkmk’vkskol6’F ,u]k7k4nd g,njvxP[mP[da[-uholafD 7qogIqk7;o[=]y3rdzad;ao]txt,ko @WW dik,F grnjv.shIjk’dkpwfhI[a cIjmkf c]t ;y8k,yo1jk’rP’r=D zqodko;yw9wfhdjk;w;h;jk c,jpy’4nrk c]t gfadohvp,ad0kf;y8k,yos^kpF faj’oaho 9bj’wfh,udkox5d]tfq,.sh,udkox6drnfzad w;h.-hxtdv[vksko.o7v[7q;F grnjv.sh 7v[7q;wfh,urnfzadIa[xtmko c]t wfhI[a mkfvksko7q[4h;o8k,8hv’dkoD. ສດິ. 7;k,le7ao0v’dkox6drnfzadfh;pcdjo xtgmfgIqk,ugoNvmujx6d/a’9eo;os^;’s^kpF g\ktlq,cdjdkox6d/a’ grnjv]hP’-u[ c]t pa’lk,kflqj’vvdwx0kp .o[aofkxtgmf.dh7P’ grnjvgxaodkolhk’]kpIa[.sh cdj-k;dtlydvovudfh;pD rnfzad[k’-toyflk,kfoe,kxtfa[F 9afl;ogruj,7;k,l;p’k, c]t gxaornf lt\5owr[e]5’Ijk’dkp ovd9kdoUpa’.sh7;k,le7aofhkovk-u[vudfh;pD rhv,daooAornfzad[k’-toyfgIaf|hkmujgxaovksko3fpdq’F [k’-toyfgxaog7njv’ x5’F -j;pglu,lhk’]qf-kfvksko g-yj’,uI6[Ijk’F luF dyjo c]t ]qf-kfc8d8jk’dao lk,kfgIaf.shg]nvdIa[xtmkowfh8k,7;k,8hv’dkoF ltoAo9bj’g;Qkwfh;jk rnfzad gxaolj;ole7ao c]t 9egxao8+Ijk’dkp0v’7qogIqkg-ajoG { gxaovkskomuj,u75o7jkl6’ 3fpltgrktcIjmkfF ;y8k,yo8jk’M c]t w0,aoS { -j;p.sh]t[q[dkopjvpvkskoF -j;p.shdko0a[4jkpfu0Bo c]t xhv’daodko4vd mhv’S { -j;ps^5fdqf.odtgrktvksko.sh|hvp]q’S { xhv’daodko0kflkovksko[k’-toyfS { rnfzadpa’v5fq,lq,[6owxfh;pcIjmkf8jk’MF,u;y8k,yomuj9egxaos^kp{|hvpc,jo0Bo da[-toyf0v’rnfzadD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. @D. 29.

(34) 75oxt3spf0v’dkox6drnfzadfh;pcdjoraomujfu dD zqozt]yf .odkox6drnfzad 4hkgIqk7afg]nvdcdjoraomujfu9twfhzqozt]yfG dq’8k,lkprao c]t wfhzqozt]yfl6’D. 0D xt1af]kp9jkp dkox6drnfzadfh;pcdjoraomujfu 9t-j;p.shgIqkoe.-hcdjoraox6d|hvpF [+8hv’glp g;]k,kx6dlhv, sn^ x6d.\jF [+glpcI’’ko.odkox6dlhv, 8ts^vfg4y’dko[q;]t [afIadlkF [+gxao[jvoczjg-NvrtpkfF gda[d6hzqozt]yf c]t 9e|jkpzqowfh8k,deoqfD. 7D zqoleg]afD. ສດິ. cdjoraomujfu,ugxug-aoc8d’vdl6’F 8Qornfzad,u7;k,lt\Oltg\umqj;|koF 8Qo rnf,u7;k,c0’cI’fu c]t wfh9eo;o8Qornfs^kpD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. #D. 7e4k, !D zadgxaovkskoxt9e;ao0v’7qogIqkD dD 4nd 0D zyf. @D 9qj’9a[76j75oxt3spf0v’dkox6drnfzadfh;pcdjoraofu.sh4nd8hv’ X.sh0Po8q;g]d.lj[jvo DDDDDDDDD?D DDDDDDDdD zqozt]yf !D cdjoraomujfu,ugxug-aoc8d’vdl6’ DDDDDDD0D xt1af]kp9jkp @D dq’8k,lkprao DDDDDDD7D zqoleg]af #D oe.-hcdjoraox6d|hvp #D 7;k,le7ao0v’dkox6drnffh;pcdjo,uvao.fcfjL. 30.

(35) [qfmu _ dkodhkcdjo !D. rnfzadmujx6dfh;pcdjo. zaddkf. @D. \kdgzaf. dko7afg]nvdco;rao dD 75olq,[af0v’cdjoraomujfu. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. rnfzadmujx6dfh;pcdjo,u7nG zaddkf0P;F zaddtsÔxuF zad[qh’F \kdgzafF zad-uF zad sv,xhv,F zadltsâf c]t vnjoMD. zad[Q’. { xaflt9kdg-Nvrtpkf c]t c,’w,h g-yj’cdjozad[k’-toyf 8yf,kda[gxnvds5h, s^n rtpkf[k’-toyfvk.l16j.ocdjo ltoAocdjoraogs^qjkoU8hv’zjko0t[;odko0hk g-Nv,kdjvoS { cdjo8hv’lq,[6o c]t c0’cI’ gonjv’9kdcdjo9tdkpgxaog[hpzad muj8vh ’lhk’]e 8Qo c]t .[.shlq,[6o8+wxS { gxaocdjomuj4nd8k,lkpraoF dq’8k,-toyfraomujg7njv’\kpwfh]t[5w;hS { gxaocdjomujcdj c]t zjkodko8kd.shcsh’S { cdjomujoe,kdhk8hv’wfh,k9kdcs^j’mujg-njv4nwfhS { cdjo9t8hv’ltvkf c]t xaflt9kdlyj’mujg9nvxqo8jk’Mg-ajoG 0U-kpF suoF cdjo]u[ Xcdjo[+8bj’? cdjosphk s^n lyj’vnjoM muj[+c,jocdjozadmuj8hv’dkoD. 31.

(36) 0D dkogda[Iadlkcdjoraornfzad cdjoraomujoe,kdhk 7;ogxaocdjomujcdjfu .o-j;’w]ptg;]kmujIadlkcdjoraogxu g-ao dko’vd0v’cdjorao9t7jvpM s^5f]q’wx8k,]efa[g;]kmujzjkowxD grnjvs^5fzjvodkol6oglp vaf8k7;k,’vd.sh|hvp]q’S dkogda[Iadlkcdjorao 7;ogIaffaj’oUG gda[w;h.o[jvomujxvfwr9kdc,’w,h c]t laf]q[d;oF cdjoraomuj9t gda[w;hfqo 7;o8kd.shcsh’glpdjvo grnjv[+.shgduf7;k,-5j,F 7;ogvqk1k7qoda[cdjo grnjvxhv’daortpkf c]t c,’w,hF 1jkgda[cdjoraow;hfqogduowxD ;ymudkogda[Iadlkcdjoraoc[[’jkplk,kfgIafwfhfaj’oUG gda[w;h.odtxJv’F d;f cdh;F 34 c]h;vaf/k.shc|hoF gda[w;h.oshv’muj7;[75,v5ostr6, &qc{!oqcXvq’lkg-? 7;k,-5j,xt,ko !@{!$ : Xgxug-ao?D. 7D 7afcdjoraornfc[[r6,xaopk-k;[hko. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. ;ymuoecdjo,kc-joE c,jogvqkcdjornfzad]q’c-j oE.o4h;p s^n -k,mujdP,w;Dh 4hkcdjo26oE0Bo,k c,jo[+7;ooewxdhkD gvqkcdjo,kc-joE. ;ym/u fa cdjoc,jogvqkcdjornfzad,k.ljdtfQ’ c]h; /af 4hkcdjoxy;vvd s^n ,u]adltotg[qkM [+7;o oewxdhkD. gvqkcdjozad.ljdtfQ’grnjv/afcdjo. 32.

(37) #D. v5xtdvodhkcdjo v5xtdvo.odkodhkcdjo,u7nG 75F -k,F dt8jkF w,hwzjF 9qdF lP,F -h;o c]t vnjoMD. -k,. fyomujoe,k.-h.odkodhkcdjo8hv’gxaofyoltvkfF [+,ug-Nvrtpkf c]t 7;o,u cIjmkfmujfulq,7;oF gIqklk,kfxtlq,fyogxao @ l6f g-yj’lk,kf.-hwfhda[rnfzadl;o 7q;m5d-toyf7nfaj’]5j,oUG l6fmu !G !D fyoz5z5jp @D x5p\ad #D x5p7vd l6fmu @G !D fyoz5z5jp @D 0Ucd[g/qk #D x5p\ad s^n x5p7vd I6[dkoxtlq,fyo. 33. ສດິ. dkoxtlq,fyo. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. $D. dt8jkle]a[dhkcdjorao. # lj;o ! lj;o ! lj;o. ! lj;o ! lj;o ! lj;o.

(38) dkodhkcdjo dD dkodhkcdjo.ork-tot dt8jkF 75F -k, c]t 4q’1k’ 7;o,u0t|kfpk; $& -a’8uc,afF d;hk’ #o -a’8u c,af c]t g]yd !& -a’8uc,af lj;odQov5xtdvo 7;o,uI6]t[kpoE c]t vkdkfD. dkodhkcdjo.o4q’1k’. ສດິ. dkodhkcdjo.odt8jk. 0D dkodhkcdjo.o|ko. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. &D. dkodP,|kodhkcdjo 7;ogxaorNomujl6’F ]t[kpoEwfhfuF [+7;o,uIqj,g’qk0v’ 8Qow,h.spj [a’cl’cff8vog-QkF 0t|kf0v’|kodhkcdjo[+9egxao8hv’.spjgduowxF 7;o,u0t|kfd;hk’ ! c,afF pk; $ c,afF 05ffyo8kdcffw;h !{@ vkmyf c]h;7kf sn^ m5[fyo.sh,5joF pqd|koF gda[glfsphkF .lj/5jo7vd7qo.shg0Qkdao c]t cx’fyogmy’ |hk|ko.shIk[rP’fuD. dkodtdP,|kodhkcdjo. 34.

(39) 7e4k, !D ;ymudkogda[Iadlkcdjoraomuj4nd8hv’ 7;ogda[w;h.olt4komujxvfwr9kdc,’w,h c]t [+,ulaf]q[d;oD dD 4nd 0D zyf @D dkodhkcdjo.o|kodhk gIqk7;ogvqk.9.lj[aosk.fcfjL X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD [+7;o,uIqj,g’qk0v’8Qow,h.spj[a’cl’cff 0D pqd]tfa[|ko.shl6’ 7D 0t|kf0v’|kod;hk’ ! c,afF pk; $ c,af ’D 4nd\qfm5d0=h. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. #D dko7afcdjoraornfzadc[[r6,xaopk-k;[hkoc,jogIafco;.fL. 35.

(40) [qfmu !W dkox6drnfzadfh;pcdjo dko7afg]nvdlt4komuj dko7afg]nvdrNomuj.odkox6dzad 8hv’vk.ldkolbdlk7Qo7;hk9kdxtlq[dko8q; 9y’F I69h da c]t g0Qk.9me,t-kf0v’zad grnjv.shxtlq[zqoleg]af.odkox6d ltoAo9bj’ 7;ory9k]tokg’njvow0faj’]5j,oUG. dD ltrk[rNomujx6d. ສດິ. { 7;k,7hvp-ao0v’ltrk[rNomjGu dkogIafl;ozad 7;o,u7;k,7hvp-ao|hvp|bj’grnjv ltf;d.odko]t[kpoEg0QkvvdD { 0t|kf0v’rNomujG c,jo0Bo16jd[a 95fxtlq’.odkogIafl;ozadF 4hkx6dgxaovk-u[7;o,u rNomujgxao[=]yg;od;hk’ c]t 4hkx6dgrnjvsk]kpwfhglu,d+[+9egxao8hv’,ugoNvmujd;hk’ g4y’co;.fd+8k, gIqk7;o,udko;k’czow;h]j;’|hkD. 0D lt4komuj8A’. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. !D. grnjvltf;d.odkox6d c]t dko0qolqj’zqozt]yfvvdl6j8ts^kfwfh’jkp gIqk7;o g]nvdlt4komujfaj’]5j,ouhG { ,uglAomk’7q,,tok7q,mujltf;dS { 7;o16j.dhda[8ts^kfD. 7D ltrk[0v’oE { oE/qomuj8qd7hk’9kdme,t-kfG oEsh;pF oE|v’F oE7v’F oE[b’ c]t vnjoM g-yj’oEfaj’djk;9t,uxt3spfs^kpd;jkoE/qomuj8qd]q’,k.lj|ko3fpdq’D { oE[kfkoG gxaooEmujgvqk,k.-hxt3spf0hvo0hk’|hvp grkt,uxt]y,kogdnvs^kpF ]q’mbol6’ c]t lYogxnv’cI’’kos^kpD { oExtxkG gxaooEmuj[+7jvpoypq,,koe.-h.odkox6dzad grkt;jklYogxnv’7jk.-h 9jkp c]t pa’[+,umkfvkskorP’r=D. 36.

(41) ’D ltrk[vkdkf .odkox6dzad [aoskle7aovud[aosk|bj’c,jo vkdkf8hv’.shg\ktlq, grktzad c8j]t-toyf,advkdkfc8d8jk’daoD vq’xtdv[0v’vkdkf,u7nG v5ostr6, c]t 7;k,-5j,D. 9D ]tf6dko dkox6dzad8k,]tf6dko ]ts;jk’]tf6c]h’ c]t ]tf6/qo 7;oxt8y[affaj’ouhG { ]tf6/oq G g]uj,c8jgfnvo,y4o5 kIvfgfnvo85]k xt]y,kooE/qo9ts^kp 7;k,-5j,-njo.o vkdkfl6’ g\ktcdjdkox6dzaddkfokF \kd4qj;F \kd[;[ c]t \kdg0nvD { ]tf6c]h’G g]uj,c8jgfnvort9ydIvfgfnvorbfltrk 7;k,-5j,-njo.ovkdkf8Og\kt cdjdkox6dzaddtsÔxuF zad-uF zaddkfF \kdc8’F \kdgzafF \kdvb c]t \kd[;[D. fyomujg\ktlq,8+dkox6dzad 7;o,u]ad-totfyomujfufaj’]5j,oUG { fyo-kpG 75o]adltot0v’fyo c,jog,affyospk[F [+gdktdaoF ]t[kpoEwfhfu c8j 0kf7;k,v5fq,lq,[6oD { fyoz5z5jpG gxaofyomuj,lu j;oxtlq,0v’fyo-kp c]t fyo|P;F ,udkof6f-b,oEwfhxko dk’ gxaofyomuj,u7;k,v5fq,lq,[6o g\ktcdjdkox6dzadm5d-toyfD { fyo|P;G 75o]adltot0v’g,affyo]tvPfF f6f-b, c]t ]t[kpoE[+wfhfuD. ສດິ. fyomujg\ktlq,8+dkox6dzad. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. @D. dD ]adltotgoNvfyo fyo8hv’,u7;k,v5fq,lq,[6oF ,udko]t[kpoE c]t vkdkfwfhfu 9tgIaf.shzad9t g]uog8u[38w; g-yj’,u]adltotfaj’]5j,oUG { g,njvfyo4ndoE9t[+gxnjvp s^n [+g]t c]t [+|P;9qogduowx s^n g;]kcsh’9t[+9[a 38dao gxaodhvoc0’D { lu0v’fyo 8hv’,ulug0A, ltcf’g4y’7;k,lq,[6o0v’vyo-u;af45 c]t gda[oEwfhfuD { [+,ug,affyo-kps^kpgduowx grkt9t,umkfvksko|hvpF [+f6f-b,oE c]t [+,udko g-y]hk’mkfvksko.ofyol6’D { .shla’gdfg[yj’;jk,usphkF 8Qow,hohvp 0Bo16j.orNomujoAos^kp|hvpxko.f c8jdjvo9t x6d7;oxa[ltrk[fyodjvo grkt.o[=]yg;ooAovkf,u7;k,gxaodqf{fjk’D. 37.

(42) ;ymul’a gdfG .shgvqkfyo[=]yg;ooAowxc-joE c]h;8v’gvqkc8joEmuj.l c]h;.shgvqkzhk 0k;,k95h, c]h;la’gdfg[yj’;jk 4hkzhkpa’ltvkf7ngdqjk c,jofyo[=]yg;ooAogxaofjk’F 4hkzhk0k;gxNvo s^n ,ulugs^nv’ ltcf’;jkfyo[=]yg;ooAogxaodqf [+g\kt8+dko9tg]uo g8u[380v’zadD. v5xtdvodP,|ko dD v5xtdvo.odkodP,fyo. ສດິ. .odkodP,fyox6dzad,uvx5 tdvos^kp-toyfS ltoAo gIqk7;og]nvd.sh4ndda[;Pd grnjvxt1afcI’’koF xt1af7jk.-h9jkpF ;jv’w; c]t maog;]kg-ajoG 9qd05fF -;hkoF lP,F w4F 7kf c]t vnjoMD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. #D. 9qd. -;hko. lP,. 0D v5xtdvo.odkosqfoE sq;lufoEF 3vF [q;sqfoE c]t vnjoMD. sq;lufoE. 3v. 38. [q;sqfoE.

(43) 7D v5xtdvoluf1k v5xtdvoluf1kmuj9a[fh;p,n c]t .-hg7njv’9adD. v5xtdvoluf1k. .odkodP,|kox6dzad lyj’mevyf8hv’7yfg4y’7n dko7afg]nvdlt4komujx6dgrkt ;jk 4hk7afg]nvdrNomujle]a[x6d skdgxaofyofud+[+,u[aoskF c8j4hkg]nvd4nd[jvofyo[+fu 7;oxa[x5’fyodjvox6d g-yj’,u0Ao8vo]tvPffaj’]5j,oUG { de9afsphk c]t 8Qow,hohvpvvd9kd|kozad.shcxoglpdjvoD { .-h9dq 05fxUofyo.shg]ydxt,ko !&{@W -a’8uc,af grnjvme]kpg-NvrtpkfF c,’w,h c]t 8Qow,hmuj1j.6 o[=]yg;ofyofaj’djk;D { g,njv05fmqj;rNomujc]h; .sh8kdfyoxtw;h ({!& ;ao grnjv0hkg-Nv3]dD { w]ptsjk’]ts;jk’|ko 4hk|kozad,u0t|kfd;hk’ ! c,afF pk; $ c,af 7;o,u mk’pjk’]ts;jk’|koxt,ko @W{&W -a’8uc,afD { dkoxa[fyo c]t m5[fyo.s,5jo]tvPf lk,kf.-h7kfxa[g0jpfyogmy’|ko.shIk[ rP’D. ສດິ. dkodtdP,|kox6d. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. $D. 0Ao8vodkodP,|kox6d 39.

(44) &D. dkox6drnfzad rnfzadgxaornfmujxd6 c]t 0tspkpraowfh’jkpF 9tg]uog8u[.spjw; w]ptg;]kgda[ djP;lAoF .shzqozt]yfs^kpM 7A’8+xuF xaf95[ao ;ymtpklkfmaolt.\ gIqklk,kfx6d zadwfhm5d]tf6dkog-ajoG zad[qj;F zadsv,xhv,F zaddkfF zadlts^fa F \kdg0nvF \kd gzafF \kdg]ajoF \kd4qj;F \kdc8’ c]t zad[qh’ g-yj’,u;ymudkox6d]tvPffaj’]5j,oUG. &D!. dkox6dfh;p;ymus;jkocdjo cdjomujgIqk9tx6d c,jocdjomuj7fa g]nvdc]h; s^’a 9kdoAogvqk,kc-joE ! 7nogrnjv.sh cdjof6f-b,oEF 0tspkp38 c]h;oegvqkwxs;jko.lj|kox6dmujdP,w;hD dkox6dfh;p ;ymuoUoypq,.-hdaos^kp.o[hkogIqkD. dkox6dfh;pg[hp. ສດິ. s^’a 9kddkodP,fyoleg]afc]h; dkos;jkocdjorao d+.shgIaf7n;ymumju ! c8j9t c8d8jk’dao16j[jvo;jk 4hkg[hpzadc8d’vd @{# .[ d+.shs^qdcpdg[hp grnjv9afw]ptx6d .shg\ktlq, ;ymuoU gryjo,adoyp,q .-hd[a dkox6dzaddkf-toyf8jk’MD dD dkophkpg[hpzadwxx6d g,njvg4y’g;]k9tphkpg[hpzadwxx6d.o|ko s^n rk -totx6dmujdP,w;h c,jo.shl’a gdfg[yj’g[hpzadg-ajoG g[hpzad7;o,uvkp5 #{$ vkmyf s^n ,u.[cmh @{# .[F l6’xt,ko &{!W -a’8uc,af c]t .shg]nvdgvqk8Qo mujc0’cI’wxx6dD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. &D@. 0D dkox6dg[hpzad.lj|ko s^n rk-totx6d s^’a 9kdmujg]nvdgvqkg[hpmujc0’cI’c]h; .shpkh p g[hpzadwxx6d.o|ko s^n rk-totx6d c]t sqfoE 3fp.-h[;q sqf7jvpMF grnjv[+.shfoy x6dmujxtlq,.o |ko s^n rk-totx6d4ndoEg-ktg9njvo c]t grnjv [+.shIkd0v’rnfzadsad s^n goqjkwfhD. 40.

(45) &D#. dkox6dfh;p;ymu1vf05,. &D$. 95ffu c]t 95fvjvo.odkox6drnfzadfh;pcdjo. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. dkox6dfh;p;ymu1vfcdjo. ສດິ. dkox6dfh;p;ymuoU 9tg]uj,9kddkodP,05,x6d 3fp.shw]ptsjk’]ts;jk’8QoF ]t s;jk’c4;g\ktlq,da[zadc8j]t-toyfF .o ! 05, .sh1vfcdjo @{# cdjo s^’a 9kdcdjo ’vd .shsdq^ g[hpmuj[c+ 0’cI’ c]t gvqk8Qomujlq,[6ow;h0,5 ]t ! 8QoD ;ymou U g\ktcdjdko x6dzadmuj,cu djorao0t|kf.spjF 9tg]uog8u[38w;g-ajoG cdjo\kd4qj;8jk’MF \kdc8’F \kdvbF lk]u c]t \kd38joD. 95ffu glp7jk.-h9jkp|hvp grkt[+8hv’.-hg7njv’ s^n v5xtdvoF ltf;d.odko0qolqj’ w] ptmk’wdM c]t ,u7;k,mqomkoF wfh8Qornfmuj,uIkdfuF grkt,uIkdcdh;F 8Qornfmujwfh c,jo [+8yfg-Nv3]d9kd8Qoc,jraoD 95fvjvo 8Qornfzadl6’.spj[+ltg\udoa F [+ltf;d.odko[q;]t[afIadlk c]t gda[d6hF 8Qornf ,u3vdkfIa[]q,cI’ gIaf.shfvd c]t \kds^qjoD. *D. dko[q;]t[afIadlk dko[q;]t[afIadlkzad 9tgIaf.shzda 9tg]uog8u[38 wfhw;1jk’8+gonjv’ c]t ,u]e8Qolq, [6oD. 41.

(46) dkosqfoE .oc8j]t,N zad8hv’dkooE grnnjvs^+]Ph’]e8Qo grkt;jkoE gxaovq’xtdv[mujle7ao mujrnfzad8hv’dko c]t ,uzoq 8+0t[;odkoc]dxjPolkovksko8jk’MD dD dkosqfoEzadfh;pdko.-h[q; dkosqfoEzadfh;pdko.-h[;q gxaodkosqfoE c[[me,t-kfF ’jkpfkpF ltf;d c]t [+lYo gxnv’’q[xt,koD. 0D dkosqfoEzad8k,c4;x6d. ສດິ. dkosqfoEzadc[[8k,c4;x6d gxaodkof6foE g0Qkw;h.oc4;x6d oE9t7jvpM -b,g0Qk.o|koF ;ymuoUg\ktda[rNomuj muj,u7;k,7hvp-aog]ad|hvpD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. *D!. 7D dkosqfoEc[[sq;luf c,jo/a’m+oEw;h.o|kox6d g;]k9t.shoE c,jo gxuf;k; Xxt86oE? lqj’oEzjkosq;lufD. 42.

(47) *D@. dkoxhv’daoF de9afc,’w,h c]t rnfmuj[+gxaoxt3spf. *D#. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. dD dkoxhv’daoc[[dkode9afc,’w,h dkoxhv’daode9afc,’w,hmjgu xaolaf86rnfmujgryjooyp,q .-hg-ajoG ;ymumk’me,t-kfF -u ;t;ymtpkF lkog7,uF 1krNog,nv’ g-yj’]kp]tvPf]5j,oUG { ;ymumk’me,t-kfG w4fyo8kdcffD { ;ymumk’-u;t;ymtpkG oe.-hc,’w,hdyoc,’w,h s^n lafdyoc,’w,h { ;ymufad9a[c,’w,hG .-hcl’w2 grnjv.shc,’w,h,k9a[D { dko.-hlkog7,uG lkog7,u32]ufvoF 7k]kg8hF o6;k7voD { rnfmujgxao1kw]jc,’w,hg-ajoG .[0q,dtgfqkF sq;luw7F 1kl6[F fvdfk;gInv’F zad mP,D 0D dkoxhv’daoc[[de9afrnfmuj[+gxaoxt3spf dkoxhv’daode9afrnfmuj[+gxaoxt3spf,ufaj’oUG { .-hg7njv’,nmk’fhkodtlydeg-ajoG 9qdF -h;o c]t 7kfD { dkoxqd75,fyog-ajoG sphkcsh’ c]t g2nv’csh’D { .-hlkog7,ude9afrnfD. dko.lj/5jo. /5jomujgIqkoyp,q oe,k.-h.odkox6drnf,u @ xtgrf7nG /5jovyo-u c]t vtoyo-u faj’]kp ]tvPf]5j,oUG { /5jovyo-u c,jo/5jomujwfh9kdrnf c]t 0Ulaf wfhcdjG /5jo7vdF /5jo\ad c]t 0Ug9pD { /5jovtoyo-u c,jo/5jomujwfh9kddkola’g7ktmk’;ymtpklkfwfhcdjG x5pg]aj’F x5p\kd c]t x5pfvdD ;ymudko.lj/5jomujgryjooypq,.-hg-ajoG s;jkoF sqfF lufmk’.[ ]kp]tvPf,ufaj’oUG { dko.lj/5joc[[s;jkomqj;|koc,jodkos;jko/5jogmy’|hkfyo.shmqj;|kodjvo c]t sâ’dkox6d c]h;xqdfh;pfyoD { dko.lj/5joc[[sqfc,jogvqk/5joxtlq,oE sqffh;p[q; s^n .-hlkp1k’D { .ljc[[lufmk’.[c,jodkolufx5pmuj]t]kpoEF .-h[A’luf luf.ljlj;o8jk’M 0v’8Qo zadD. 43.

(48) /5jo7vd c]t /5jo\ad dD /5jo7vd /5jo7vdc,jo/5jomujwfh9kd0Ulaf g-ajoG 0U’q;F 0UwdjF 0U\6F 0Ug9p c]t vnjoMD. 0D /5jo\ad. ;ymuxtlq, { xtlq,0UlafF cd[gzqk c]t Ievjvog0Qkfh;pdaoS { gvqkx5poE-u;trk[ XEM? c]t dkdoE8ko xtlq,.ooE c]h;sqfdv’/5jo.shmqj; grnjv.sh,u7;k,-5j,-njoS { g0jpdv’/5jogmy’rNo|k[+gduo !& -a’8uc,afF xqdfh;pgxqJkxjko c]h;xtw;h # { & ,N 3fp[+xUodv’/5jo7no g,njv/5jog1aoc,jolk,kfgvqk,k.-hwfhD. ສດິ. /5jo|adc,jo/5jomujwfh9kdlj;oxtlq,0v’/5jo7vdF glfrnf c]t glfvkskoD lj;oxtlq,G { Ievjvo @W dy3]dik, { 0Ucd[g/qk @WW dy3]d]k, { 0Ulaf @WW dy3]d]k, { oEvugva,XEM? @ [j;’cd’ { dkdoE8ko @ [j;’cd’ { oE !W ]yf. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. (D. 44.

(49) 7e4k, !D /5jovyo-u c,jo/5jomujwfh,k9kdrnf c]t 0UlafD dD 4nd 0D zyf @D 9qj’9a[76j;ymudkoxhv’daoc,’w,h c]t de9aflaf86rnf X.sh0Po8q;g]d.lj[jvoDDDDDDDDD?D DDDDDD dD .-h;ymumk’me,t-kf !D .-hzadmP, DDDDDD 0D ;ymufad9a[c,’w,h @D w4fyo8kdcff DDDDDD 7D .-hrnfmujgxao1kw]jc,’w,h #D .-hcl’w2grnjv.shc,’w,h,k9a[ rP’ ! 0=h?D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. #D 95ffu.odkox6drnfzadfh;pcdjo,u7nvao.fcfjL X.sh\kp 9 .lj dD glp7jk.-h9jkp|hvp 0D [+lUogxnv’g;]k 7D gIaf.sh\kds^qjo ’D zyfm5d\qf0=h. 45.

(50) [qfmu !! dkogda[d6h c]t 9e|jkprnfzad dkogda[d6hrnfzad dD sâddkogda[d6h { rnfzadxtgrfdyo.[ c]t ]e8Qo g-ajoG zaddkfF dtsÔxuF lts^fa F sv,xhv, 7;ogda[ d6h g,njv8Qo,u7;k,9tg]uog8u[38g8a,mujD { rnfzadxtgrfdyofvd g-ajoG dtsÔfvd 7;ogda[djP; g,njvg;]kvafc|ho c]t 0t spkp8q;.spjg8a,mujD { rnfzadxtgrfdyo\kd c]t cdjo g-ajoG \kd4qj;F \kdgzafF \kdc8’F \kd3, 7;ogda[d6h8k,vkp5D. v5xtdvo.odkogda[d6h,u7nG ,ufF rhkF g-nvd c]t dt8jkD { ,uf s^n rhk c,jo.-hle]a[8af 8hv’.sh7q,fuD. rhk. ,uf { g-nvddh;p s^n w,h8vd.-hle]a[,afzadD. w,h8vd. 46. ສດິ. 0D v5xtdvo.odkogda[d6h. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. !D.

(51) { dt8jk s^n g0A’c,jo.-hgrnjv[ao95rnfzadD. g0A’. @D. dko9afdkornfzaddjvo9t9e|jkp. @D!. dkodtdP,djvo9e|jkp. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ]hk’[=]yg;ogs’Qk8Qo s^n Ikd gvqkfyovvdD. ສດິ. dkodtdP,djvo9e|jkp s^n .-hxt3spvnjoM 7;oxt8y[affaj’oUG dD dkome7;k,ltvkf. 0D dko8afc8j’ gvqk.[ c]t Ikdmuj[+’k,vvdD. 47.

(52) 7D dko7af0t|kf dko7af0t|kf0v’zad gryjo,ad9afgxao # 0t|kfg-ajoG 0t|kf8Qo.spj’k,F 0t|kf8Qoxkodk’ c]t 0t|kf8Qoohvp s^n ]e8Qo[+’k,D. 'D dko,af c]t [ao95su[s+ ,af c]t [ao95su[s+ c]h;9af]P’g0Qkdt8jkF g0a’h c]t 4q’1k’.sh9[q ’k, ]P’ gxaoc4;g-ajoG gvqkmk’sq;wxmk’fP;dao s^n ltsâ[daogxaoc4;da[sq; c]t xkpD. dko9e|jkprnfzad ,u $ c[[ 7nG { dko9e|jkp.shz6h[=]y3rd3fpdq’G c,joz6hx6dwx0kp.o8ts^kfgv’S { dko9e|jkpzjkor+7hk{c,j7hkG c,joz6hx6d [+lk,kfwx0kpfh;p8qogv’wfhdko9e |jkp;ymuoU 9twfh]k7k0hvo0hk’8OS { dko9e|jkpzjkod5j,dtlydeG c,jod5j,dtlydegxaoz6h];[];,zqozt]yfgv’ c]t g7njv’\kpdko7hkgv’grnjvIa[xtdao75ootrk[lyo7hk c]t 9twfh7jk8v[cmos^kpS { dko9e|jkpc[[laopk]j;’|hkG gxaodkolaopkw;hdjvo]j;’|hk]ts;jk’z6hx6d c]t z6h-NF .odko9e|jkpc[[oUz6hx6dlk,kf,u8ts^kfIv’Ia[ c]t wfh]k7kfuD. ສດິ. dko9e|jkp. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. @D@. dko9e|jkprnfzad 48.

(53) 7e4k, !D v5xtdvo.odkogda[d6hrnfzad,u ,ufF rhkF dt8jk c]t g-nvdD dD 4ndF 0D zyf @D 9qj’9a[76jdkooe.-hv5xtdvomuj4nd8hv’ X.sh0Po8q;g]d.lj[jvo DDDDDD?D DDDDDD dD ,uf !D .-hle]a[,af DDDDDD 0D dt8jk @D .-h8af DDDDDD 7D g-nvd #D .-h[ao95 #D dkodtdP,djvooernfradwx9e|jkp7;ogIafco;.fL rP’ ! 0=h?D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. $D rnfradxtgrf.fmujgrujogda[d6h8k,vkp5LD X.sh\kp 9 .lj dD rnfradxtgrfdyo.[ 0D rnfradxtgrfdyofvd 7D rnfradxtgrfdyo\kd c]t cdjo. 49.

(54) [qfmu !@ lafxud !D. 7;k,le7ao0v’lafxud lafxud.-hgxaovkskomuj,umkf[e]5’9er;d3xig8vuo.shcdj7qogIqkD dko]hP’laf xudlk,kflhk’]kpwfh.shcdj7v[7q; grktgxaolafmuj]hP’’jkpF [+8hv’dkolt4komuj c]t mboIvos^kpD. @D. 75oxt3spf0v’dko]hP’lafxud dko]hP’lafxud,u75oxt3spfs^kp1jk’ 8=jz6h]hP’ c]t 8+xtgmf-kffaj’oUG. -Uo c]t w0j. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. @D!. -Uo c]t w0j lk,kfoe,kx5’c8j’gxaovkskog-ajoG 8q,h F xu’h F cd’F 0q;h c]t vnjoMD. @D@. 0Ulafxud 0Ulafxudgxao/5jomuj-j;p.shrnf.spjw;F 0U-j;p.shfyo ,u7;k,v5fq,lq,[6oF fyozq’ c]t vq,oEwfhfuD. @D#. 8q;lafxud 8q;lafpa’lhk’7;k,grufgruoF grnjv7;k,l;p ’k,8k,[hkogInvoF le]a[c0j’0ao X8u? c]t grnjv7;k,grufgruovnjoMD. 50.

(55) #D. raolafxudmujoe,k]hP’. #D!. wdjraorNog,nv’ wdjraorNog,nv’mujoypq,]hP’ wfhcdjG wdj]kfF wdj8uF wdjc9hF wdjv6 c]t vnjoMD wdj9er;doUwfh,k9kd wdjxjkg-yj’rq[gsao.o0q’g0fvyof69uoF ,kg]g-pF c]t vyo3fgog-pD. #D@. wdjrao8jk’xtgmf. #D#. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. gxaowdjmujwfhIa[dkoxa[x5’ grnjv.shwfhIa[zqozt]yf l6’ 9tg]uog8u[.spjw;F ]e8q; c]t c0j’0k .spjF 4hkgxao38c,jlk,kf.shw0js^kpD wdjraomujoy pq,]hP’wfhcdj raog]adIvoF rao7JvdoydF rao3if wvc]olucf’ c]t rao;kpg]adIvolu0k;D. gxafdk[ s^n gxaf]kf. gxafdk[ s^n gxaf]kf,u8Qodegouf,k9kdgvu]q[F rkdg|nv0v’vkg,]ydk c]t 9uoS gxaogxafmujoy pq,]hP’grnjvgvqkw0j c]t gxaovkskoD. #D$. gxafgm[ gxafgm[4nd7Qorq[1j6rkddk’ c]t rkd.8h0v’ vkg,]ydk g-yj’-k;vyogfpcf’wfhoe.-h-Uogxao vksko c]t 4ndoe,k]hP’9qoczjs^kpg4y’m5d ;aooUD. 51.

(56) #D&. wdj’;’ wdj’;’,u4joy degouf,k9kdmt;u[vkg,]ydkF gxao wdjmuj,uI6[Ijk’.spjF ,u8hk’pk; c]t ,ulucf’ g\ktlq,le]a[.-hx5’c8j’gxaovksko c]tgrnjv 7;k,l;p’k,D. wdj8vJd. ສດິ. wdj8Jvd ,u4yjodegouf,k9kdrkdg|nv0v’vk/iyddk ,advk.l16j8k,mqj’rP’muj ,usphkxqd75,8k,me,t-kfF gxaolaf0UvkpF ]adltotlugmqkvq,0P;F ]e8q;vh;oF 0klAoF 8hk’0k;xqocf’ gxaowdjmj.u shw0js^kp g\ktle]a[x5’c8j’gxaovksko c]t 7;k,l;p’k,D. 7e4k, !D wdj]kf s^n wdjrNog,nv’,u8Qodegouf,k9kdg0fvyof69uoD dD 4nd 0D zyf. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. #D*. @D 9qj’9a[76j8Qodegouf0v’lafxud8+wxoUD X.sh0Po8q;g]d.lj[jvoDDDDDDD?D DDDDDD dD gxafgm[ !D gvu]q[F rkdg|nv0v’vkg,]ydk c]t 9uo DDDDDD 0D gxaf]kf @D mt;u[vkg,]ydk DDDDDD 7D wdj’;’ #D rkddk’c]trkd.8h0v’vkg,]ydk #D 75oxt3spf8Qo8=0v’lafxud]hP’w;hgrnjvspa’L X.sh\kp 9 .lj dD gxaovkskoF gxao/5jo c]t gxaombo 0 gxao/5joF gxaombo c]t lhk’7;k,grufgruo 7D gxaovkskoF gxao/5jo c]t lhk’7;k,grufgruo. 52. rP’ ! 0=h?D.

(57) [qfmu !# 7vd]hP’lafxud !D. 7;k,le7ao 7vdgxao[jvo16jvk.llaf]hP’F gxaolyj’dA’[a’cffF ]q,F /qoF 7;k,IhvoF 7;k, |k;g1ao8jk’M 3fpltgrktlafc8j]tvkp5F c8j]t-toyfF c8j]txtgrf 8hv’dko 7vdmujc8d8jk’daoD. dko7afg]nvdlt4komuj. #D. 7vd. #D!. c[[\kcs’o. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. dko7afg]nvdlt4komujle]a[gIaf7vdlafxud 7;ogvqk.9.ljfaj’8+wxoUG { [jvox5d7vd8hv’gxao[jvo3oo c]t sjk’9kdgInvo7qor=lq,7;oS { gxao[jvomuj,urNomujdh;k’0;k’lk,kf0tspkpdyf9tdkowfh.ovkok7qfS { ,umk’7q,,tok7q, ltf;d.odko0qolqj’S { ,uw22hkS { ,uoEle]a[fnj, c]t vk[S { sjk’9kd3I’9adF 3I’’ko c]t 2k,]hP’laf8jk’MD. ສດິ. @D. gxao7vdmujoypq,.-h.o7v[7q; lhk’’jkp[+ltsâ[ -a[-hvo7nc[[vnjo c8jdah’/qo[+wfhfuxko.fD. #D@. c[[\kcs’odkp 7vdc[[oUlk,kfdA’/qo c]t cffwfhfudj;k c[[7vd\kcs’oD. 53.

(58) #D#. c[[|hk9qj;-AofP; s^n |hk9qj;me,tfk. gxao7vdmujoyp,q .-h ]hP’gxaoglf4tdyflk,kfdA’ cff c]t /qowfhfuD. #D$. c[[|hk9qj;lv’-Ao 7vdfaj’djk;oU oypq,.-h]hP’gxaoglf4tdyfF dko lhk’pkddj;k c[[7vd\kcs’o c]t |hk 9jq;me,tfkF vkdkfrkp.o7vd]t[kplt f;d lk,kf.-h]hP’lafc[[0a’w;h8ts^vfD. c[[|hk9qj;lv’-Aodkp. ສດິ. #D&. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ,u]da ltot7hkp7n 7vd|hk9j;q lv’-Ao g\ktlq, le]a[]hP’lafgxao9eo;os^;’s^kp rP’c8j,5’ fhkolu|hkvvd8nj, d+lk,kfdA’ cl’cff c]t /qowfhfuF c8j7vdc[[oU c,jo.-h8Qombole]a[x5d lhk’l6’D. $D. 0=h7;ory9k]tok .odkolhk’7vdlafxudc8j]t-toyf7;ory9k]tokfaj’oUG { -toyfF xtgrf c]t vkp50v’laf,u7;k,8hv’dko[+7ndaoS { dko]hP’mujc8d8jk’daog-ajoG ]hP’.ljrNoF ]hP’.o7vdohvp c]t ]hP’.ljdq’S { ltrk[fyo2hkvkdkf0v’c8j]tmhv’4yjoS { ;af45mujoe.-h.odkolhk’7vdS { le]a[7vdgxaf c]t sjko.sh,usâ’7k8+kdj;k7vdwdjd+wfhgrktgxaolafmujovoda[rNoD. 54.

(59) 7e4k, !D 7vd[+c,jo[jvoovo0v’lafxudD dD zyf 0D 4nd. $D .sh[vd95ffu c]t 95fvjvo0v’7vdc[[\kcs’oL. 55. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. #D dkolhk’7vd]hP’lafxud7;o7eob’g4y’[aosk.fs^kpmujl5fL X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD -toyf 0D xtgrf 7D vkp5 ’D 4nd\qfm5d0=h. ສດິ. @D 9qj’9a[7j67vd]hP’lafxudfaj’8+wxoUD X.sh0Po8q;g]d.lj[jvoDDDDDD?D DDDDDD dD 7vdc[[\kcs’o !D g\ktda[]hP’lafgxao9eo;os^kp DDDDDD 0D 7vdc[[|hk9qj;-AofP; @D g\ktda[]hP’lafc[[7v[7q; DDDDDD 7D 7vdc[[|hk9jq; @ -Aodkp #D g\ktda[]hP’gxaoglf4tdyf.

(60) [qfmu !$ dko]hP’lafxud !D. 7;k,le7ao dko]hP’lafxud.o7v[7q; grnjvw;hdyo s^n ]hP’grnjv9e|jkpoAo 4hk]hP’wdjF gxaf c]t sjkoIj;,dao lj;os^kpgryjooypq,]hP’raorNog,nv’muj,u.omhv’4ujo grkt,ao,u 7;k,mqomko8+rtpkfwfhfud;jkrao8jk’xtgmfD. @D. dko7afg]nvdco;rao. #D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. dko7afg]nvdco;raolaf,k]hP’7;ogxaolafmuj,u 7;k,c0’cI’F 38c,j .shw0js^kpF ]hP’]6dgdaj’ [+9yd8vf]6d c]t 38vnjoF skvkskogdaj’F dyo vksko[+g]nvd c]t 9tg]uog8u[.spjw;D 38z6hI6[Ijk’ .sjpF ]ec0j’.sjp c]t [+9yd8vf wdj38vnjo. v5xtdvoIa[.-h. dko]hP’lafxud,uv5xtdvos^kp-toyfF ,udkocpd8k,vkp5lafF xtgrflafF -t oyflaf c8jlaf[k’xtgrflk,kf.-hIj;,daowfhfaj’oUG. #D!. v5xtdvo.ljoE v5xtdvo.ljoE le]a[]hP’lafxud wfhcdjIk’ w,hF 85d1k’F d;f1k’ c]t x]kl8ydD ovd 9kdoAo pa’lk,kfd+gxaovjk’-u,’a ,u/kvafgIaf gxaoxjv’ c]h;gIafgxaooE1vfD. 85doE. cdh;oE 56.

(61) #D@. v5xtdvo.ljvksko v5xtdvo.ljvksko,u Ik’w,hF x]kl8yd c]t 4h;pS 9ko9tohvp s^n .sjpF lAo s^n pk; c,jo0Bo da[vkp5 c]t 9eo;o0v’lafD. $D. ]adltot7vd. ;ymu]hP’. &D!. dko]hP’]6d c]t c,jwdj. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. &D. ສດິ. { rNo7vd8hv’l6’F csh’ c]t ,uIjv’vhv,7vd cvh,/k0hk’4uj0Boxt,ko (W -a’8u c,af [+7;osjk’s^kp grktwdj9t]vfvvdS { grnjvIadlk7;k,ltvkfwfh’jkp xt867vd8hv’dh;k’S { ,u7vole]a[wdj’vpmujgxao[jvoovo.opk,dk’7noS { ,uIa’le]a[.shwdj;k’w0jD. 4hkgvqkwdjovh p ,k]hP’rhv,fh;pc,j [+9egxao.-h g7njv’vq[v5jo.shlfa ohvp grkt;jkc,j0v’,ao.sh 7;k,vq[v5jowfhgv’D c,jwdjwfh]Ph ’]6dxt,ko &{* vkmyf d+lk,kfcpdvvd9kdc,jwfhD. &D@. dko]hP’wdjohvp 4hkgvqkwdjohvp,k]hP’3fpdq’ Xcpdc,j?F .shvk skofuF .sh7h ;k,vq[v5jofh;pdkow8hfvdw2 s^n .-h cdafg9hp.opk,dk’7noS g,njv,uvkdkfg1ao laf mujoe,k]hP’Ij;,daooAo 7;o.sh,uvkp5sjk’dao [+gduo !{# ;aoD 57.

(62) &D#. dko]hP’wdj.sjp 4hkgvqkwdj.sjpc]h;,k]hP’ c,jogxaodkofu grkt;jk ,aolk,kfskdyofh;p8qogv’F gvqk38 s^q[sûd9kdlyj’muj9tgxaovao8t]kp8jk’M g-ajoG /qo8qd c]t ]q,cI’D. dko]hP’gxaf c]t sjko. ສດິ. dko]hP’gxaf c]t sjko.oxt95[oa ough ryjooypq, ]hP’ xtlq,xtlkodao laf9er;douh,u95fryglf 7nG 8hv’dkooEs^kp.odkoskdyo c]t sûho ltoAo gryjo9bj’oypq,]hP’8k,c7,|v’F sh;p c]t Ijv’S g-yj’laflk,kfskdyowfhgv’S 9tg]uo g8u[w;F .shw0jwfhfqoF xt1af]kp9jkp 7jkvksko rhv,fP;daooAo 0U0v’,aopa’gxaovkskoxkvud fh;pD. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. &D$. 7e4k,. !D rNo7vdwdj8hv’8O c]t xPdD dD 4nd 0D zyf @D 9qj’9a[76j[jvo]hP’laffaj’8+wxoUG X.sh0Po8q;g]d.lj[jvoDDDDDD?D DDDDDD dD wdj !D ,adoEs^kp DDDDDD 0D gxaf @D ,ad16j[jvocsh’ DDDDDD 7D sjko #D ’vp7vo DDDDDD ’D oqd $D [+’vp7vo #D dkooewdj,k]hP’0=h.f4nd8hv’D X.sh\kp 9 .lj rP’ ! 0=h?D dD ,uvkp5gmqjkdao 0D ,u7;k,c0’cI’ 7D dyovkskogdaj’ ’D 4nd\qfm5d0=h 58.

(63) [qfmu !& vksko c]t dko.shvkskolafxud !D. vksko c]t csj^’muj,k0v’vksko .oxaf95[ao vkskomujr;dgIqkoe.-h]hP’laflj;os^kpc,jowfh9kdrnf c]t laf g-ajoG. !D!. vkskomujwfh9kdrnf g0Qk. Ie \kdw,h. vkskomujwfh9kdrnf,uG g0qhkF lk]uF cdjo4qj; gs^nv’F .[dt4yoF cdjo4qj;0P;F ,ao8qoh F IeF g0qkh xkpF dkd4qj;gs^nv’ dkd4qj;0P;F dkd\kd rhk; c]t dkd\kd’kD. 4qj;. vkskomujwfh9kdlaf. ສດິ. !D@. @D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. vkskomujwfh9kdlafwfhcdjG xkxqjoF dtf6dxjqoF g]nvfxqjoF -UoxqjoF oq,zq’ c]t dk[svpxqjoS ovd9kdoUpa’,uvkskoleg]afI6[vudfh;pD. dko.shvksko. lafc8j]t-toyfF c8j]txtgrfF c8j]tvkp5 c]t c8j]t38,u7;k,8hv’dkovk skoc8d8jk’dao [+;jkmk’fhkoxt]y,kodj=7n75ootrk[muj[ao95mkf[e]5’]hP’d+c8d 8jk’daog-ajoG lafohvpgduf.\j8hv’dkovkskomuj,umkf3xig8vuo Xproteine? l6’ dj;klafmujg4qhkcdjD 7;k,8hv’dkomkfvksko0v’laf 3fpmqj;wxc]h;,u & 9er;d faj’8+wxoUG. @D!. grnjvdkofe]q’-u;yf 7;k,8hv’dkomkfvksko grnjvfe]q’-u;yf \kp g4y’9eo;omkfvksko muj[ao95.ovksko,u|hvp mujl5f muj9egxao8+dkogIaf;Pd1jk’gxaoxqdt8y0v’ ]t[q[8jk’M .oIjk’dkpmuj,u-u;yf16jwfh 3fp[+,udko zt]yf.fMD lafdyovkskogrnjvlhv,c-,95]a’goNv. 59.

(64) gpnjvmuj8kpwx c]t gxaolj;oxtdv[0v’oEpjvp[k’ -toyfF ltoAo7;o.shoErP’r=da[7;k,8hv’dkoD. @D@. grnjvdko9tg]uog8u[.spj 8hv’dkomkfvksko grnjvdko9tg]uog8u[.spj \kpg4y’dkogruj,95]a’ c]t goNvgpnjvvkskomuj lafdyog0qhkwxF grnjvdko0tspkp8q;0v’vtw; pt;t.oIjk’dkpw;0BoD. @D#. grnjvdko0tspkprao. @D$. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. laf8hv’dkomkfvksko grnjv0tspkpraoD dko0tspkprao\kpg4y’dkoln[raoc[[|bj’D laf9tln[raowfhlfa 8hv’gxao\5j,F gxaolk;rhv,muj 9tzt]yfw0j c]t oEg-Nvmujlk,kfzt]yf]6dwfh vudfh;pD. grnjvgruj,7;k,85hp. 7;k,85hp0v’lafgxaodkogruj, s^n dkoltlq,w0,aow;h.o95]a’Ijk’dkp faj’oAo dko85hp 9bj’[+c,jodko9tg]uog8u[.spjD 4hkr;dgIqk8hv’dko-uhomuj,uw0,ao gIqk8hv’ mv, sn^ 05o.shlaf85hpD dkomv,9t8hv’gruj,vkskomuj,mu kfcxh’s^kp c]t .shvksko s^kpd;jkxqddt8yD. @D&. grnjv.-hrt]a’’ko vkskomujlafdyog0Qkwx c]h;,u7;k,c0’cI’[+.shlafg,njvpw;F 7qogIqk,adoe.-h lafgxaog7njv’,n.odkoc0j’0aog-ajoG .sh0aoF Ihv’F 8uF [yoF ]vpoE c]t vnjoMD. #D. dkoxt8y[af.odko.shvksko { 7;o.shvksko1jk’rP’r=da[7;k,8hv’dko0v’lafc8j]t38F 8hv’cpdvkp5F cpd0t|kf c]t [ao95Ik’oEF Ik’vksko1jk’mqj;g4y’D le]a[lafgduf.\jmuj[+,u c,j]hP’ 8hv’.shoEF .shvkskorhv,fh;p.shcl’lts;jk’8ts^vf @$ -qj;3,’ pyj’ gxaodkofuS 60.

(65) { dko.shvksko 7;o.sh4nd8hv’8k,g;]kltg\uF grnjv[+.shlaf3spsu; c]t meIhkp daoS { 7;o[ao95vksko[+gduo @}# 0v’7;k,l6’0v’Ik’vksko grnjvsûd]hP’dko8qd gIjpS { 7;o,ulyj’dAoxkdIk’oE c]t Ik’vksko grnjvsûdg;Ao[+.shlafg0QkIk’ c]t duf0;k’laf38vnjopkfdyooeS { 7;ocpdlafc8j]t-toyfF c8j]tvkp5 c]t 0t|kfw;h[jvo.z[jvo]k;9bj’9tlt f;d.odko8yf8k,F [q;]t[afIadlkF dko[ao95Ik’oEF Ik’vksko 8ts^vfg4y’ dko.shvkskomuj[ao95mkfvkskoc8d8jk’daoS { Ik’oEF Ik’vksko8hv’16j.oltrk[fuF [+c8dF [+sad c]t [+gxjgrD. 7e4k,G. @D vkskomuj.shlaf9tg]uog8u[.spjw;wfh9kd.lL X.sh\kp 9.lj dD vkskomujwfh9kdrnf 0D vkskomujwfh9kdlaf 7D vkskomjuwfh9kdcIjmkf ’D vkskoleg]afI6[. ສດິ. rP’ ! 0=h?D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. !D vkskomujwfh9kdrnf,uspa’cfjL X.sh\kp 9.lj dD g0QkF ,ao8Qo c]t xk[qfD 0D lk]uF 4qj; c]t svpD 7D g0QkF 4qj; c]t lk]uD. rP’ ! 0=h?D. #D 9qj’9a[76jdko.shvkskolafxudfaj’8+wxoUG X.sh0Po8q;g]d.lj[jvoDDDDD?D DDDDDD dD vkskogrnjvdkofe]q’-u;yf !D ,u7;k,c0’cI’ DDDDDD 0D vkskogrnjvdko9tg]uog8u[.spj @D -j;plhv,c-,95]a’goNvgpnjvmuj8kpwx DDDDDD 7D vkskogrnjv7;k,8h5p #D gruj,95]a’ c]t goNvgpnjv DDDDDD ’D vkskogrnjv.-hrt]a’’ko $D gruj, s^n ltlq,w0,ao. 61.

(66) [qfmu !* dkoxhv’daolaf86 c]t rtpkflafxud dkoxhv’daoc,jo;Pd’ko|bj’muj,u7;k,le7ao c]t 9egxao grnjvsûd]hP’laf ]hP’0v’r;dgIqkglpskpD. !D. xhv’daofh;plyj’d+lhk’. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. { 7vdlaf vkfgIaffh;p/kw,hF -u,a’ s^n ];f 8hv’,u7;k,c|ho|k grnjv[+.shlaf38 vnjog0Qk,kme]kplaf0v’gIqkS { IQ;gxaolyj’dufdAodkowx,k0v’laf38vnjomuj16j0hk’ovdD IQ;,us^kpc[[g-ajoG IQ;/k c8tF IQ;|k,\kd9a[F IQ;w,hwzjF IQ;w,hcdjoF IQ;-u,a’ c]t IQ;];fS { ,uxt86F ,uvjk’[ao95oE c]t 1k0hkg-nhv grnjv0hkg-nhv.og;]klaf s^n 7qozjkog0qhk{vvd xt86D. @D. xhv’daofh;pdkoxt8y[af’ko { z6h]hP’laf8hv’vtokw,8qo8q; xjPog7njv’.shle g]afglpdjvo 9bj’g0Qk7vdlafS { [+7;o.sh7qoovd s^n lafg0Qkwx.o[jvo]hP’lafS { vtokw,7vd c]t lt4komujF v5xtdvo c]t lyj’glfgsn^v9kdlaf X0Ulaf? .sh,u7;k,ltvkfS { vtokw,v5xtdvoIa[.-hxt9e;aog-ajoG Ik’oE c]t Ik’vksko djvo.shvksko.\jc8j]t 7A’D 62.

(67) #D. dkoxhv’daofh;p1k. $D. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. 0=h7;o]t;a’ { g,njvrq[gsaolafxudg9a[ [+7;o9a[[kpF 4hk,u7;k,9egxao9a[[kp 8hv’2hk;]hk’,n fh;poEltvkf c]t ]hk’fh;plt[6S { g,njvrq[lafxudg9a[ s^n 8kp8hv’]kp’ko.shg9Qk|hkmujdjP;0hv’Ia[-k[3fpfj;o c]t 8hv’oewxgzqkw2 s^n /a’.shg]yd c]h;4q,.sh]tvPfS { shk,oewx[=]y3rd Xdyo?S { shk,oewx9e|jkp.om5dM I6[c[[g-ajoG 8Q,F xuh’ c]t 0kpgxao38D. ສດິ. { wdjohvpvkp5 !{# ;ao .sh1kxhv’dao oy;7kg-yo -toyfvjvo Xnewcastle F?S { wdjvkp5 ({!W ;ao .sh1kxhv’dao\kdl5dlafxudS { wdjvkp5 *{) vkmyf .sh1kxhv’daooy;7kg-yo-t oyfcdj (newcastle M?D { wdjvkp5 *{) vkmyf.sh1kxhv’daovtsyy;kgxafD. rtpkfmuj,adgdufda[lafxud. { rtpkfoy;7kg-yogxaortpkfmuj,udko]t[kfs^kp.owdj c]t d=j,udkogdufrtpkf oUgdnv[m5dM xuF vkdkomujltcf’vvd.shgsao7nG lafs’j;,gs’qkF [+dyovkskoF ,ad 1no9h,5 dao [k’7A’,uvkdkovvdmk’]t[q[xtlkfD gryjo.-h1k;ad-uooy;7kg-yo grnjvxhv’dao rhv,fP;daooAod+.-h;ymuvtokw,v5xtdvo c]t .sh7;k,vq[v5joD { rtpkf0U0k; gxaortpkfmuj,da ]t[kfda[wdjmjgu duf.\jD vkdkomuj,da ltcf’vvd7nG wdj[+c0’cI’gs’qkF ,ad1no95,h dao c]t ,u0U8yf8k,I6m;ko XdQo?F rtpkfoUlk,kf xhv’daofh;pdkovtokw, c]t .-h1k;ad-uoD { rtpkfvtsy;klafxud gxaortpkfmuj,udko]t[kfda[wdjF gxafF sjko c]t oqd g,njvrtpkfoUg0Qkl6jIjk’dkp0v’laf,ad,uvkdkoltcf’vvd7nG lafs’j;,gs’qkF [+ dyovkskoF xudg8njvpF 0Ucs^;lu0P;F c0j’0k]jvpc]h;d+8kpD gryjooe.-h1k;ad-uo vtsy;klafxudle]a[xhv’daoD. 63.

(68) { rtpkfvtsy;kgxaf gxaortpkfmuj,adgduf0Bogxaoxt9e16j[hkogIqk lafmju,adgxaort pkfoU,gu xaf c]t sjkoF g,njvg-Nvrtpkfg0Qkwx.oIjk’dkp0v’lafd+9tgIaf.sh,oa s’j;,gs’qkF [+doy vkskoF xudg8njvpF 0Ucs^; c]t [k’7A’,uvkdkomk’]t[q[ xtlkfD gryjooe.-h1k;ad-uortpkfvtsy;kgxaf grnjvxhv’daoD { rtpkfw0hs;aflafxud gxaortpkf]t[kf];,0v’[aofklafxud 8ts^vfIvf7qo gIqk rtpkfoU g,njvg0Qkwx.oIjk’dkpd+9t,uvkdkogs’qkF wvF 9k,F [+dyovkskoF ,udko[;,-E8k,|hkF 8hk’F c0j’,ug]nvf3shF lafg9a[rhv,M dao c]t 8kpgxao9e o;os^;’s^kpF le]a[rtpkfoUpa’[+mao,u1k;ad-uoxhv’daoD. 7e4k,. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. @D 9qj’9a[76jdjP;da[dkoxhv’daolaf86lafxudfaj’8+wxoUG X.sh0Pogxao8q;g]d.lj[jvoDDDDDDDDDDDDD?D DDDDDD dD dkoxhv’daofh;plyj’d+lhk’ !D g]nvdgvqkwdjmujc0’cI’ DDDDDD 0D xhv’daofh;pdkoxt8y[af’ko @D .sh1kxhv’dao DDDDDD 7D xhv’daofh;p1k #D 7vdc|ho|k DDDDDD ’D g]nvdlaf,k]hP’ $D z6h]hP’laf8hv’vtokw,8qogv’. ສດິ. !D dkoxhv’daolaf86laffh;plyj’d+lhk’G 7vdF IQ;F xt86mk’g0Qk,uvjk’oED dD 4nd 0D zyf. #D g,njvgsaolafg9a[ s^n 8kp 7;ogvqk.9.ljfaj’oUG [+7;o9a[[kpF wx[vdg9Qk|hkmujF shk,[+.shdyo 4hk9a[[kp8hv’]hk’,n.shltvkfF gvqklafwx/a’D dD 4nd 0D zyf. 64.

(69) rkdmu III dko-jk’ [qfmu !( w,hcxI6[ c]t g7njv’,n-jk’w,h !D. w,hcxI6[ w,hcxI6[ c,jow,hmuj,u0t|kf8jk’M mujwfhzjkodko8afF dkog]njvpF s^n ,k9kd 3I’g]njvp grnjvoe,kIa[.-h.odkox6d[hkogInvomuj1j6vkwl s^n g7njv’gInvog7njv’.-h 8jk’Mg-ajoG gIafglqkF 8q’F 0k’F cxhox6F g-ao/kF cxhocvh, c]t vnjoMD ovd9kdoAo d=pa’.-hgIafg7njv’.-h8jk’M g-ajoG gIaf38tF 86hF 8aj’F 8P’ c]t vnjoMD lj;os^kpdkogvuho -nj0v’w,h-toyfoU gryjo,adgvuho8k,0t|kf|hk8af0v’w,h c]t .-hdko7yfw]jgxao c,afF -a’8uc,af c]t ,uo]uc,afD. ]adltot0v’w,hcxI6[ dko7yfw]jgxao,uo]uc,af. 7;k,|k ,,. dko7yfw]jgxao-a’8uc,af. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. !D!. 7;k,d;hk’ 7;k,pk; 7;k,|k 7;k,d;hk’ 7;k,pk; ,, ,, -, -, -,. -njmujoypq,gvuho. !W #W. &W &W. !WWW !WWW. ! #. & &. !WW !WW. w,h|bj’shk w,hlk,shk. $W. )W. !WWW. $. ). !WW. w,hlujcxf. &W. !WW. !WWW. &. !W. !WW. w,hshk76oly[. *W. !@W. !WWW. *. !@. !WW. w,hsqd76oly[lv’. !WW. !WW. !WWW. !W. !W. !WW. w,hlu[76oly[. @WW !&. @WW @WW. !WWW !WWW. @W !F&. @W @W. !WW !WW. w,h-k;76-k; w,hcxho|bj’95f shk76o-k;. 65.

(70) !D@. dkooe.-hw,hcxI6[ w,h #V& -a’8uc,af .-hw;hgIaf37’lhk’0v’86hF g7njv’gvh c]t g7njv’ .-h8jk’MD w,h &V!W -a’8uc,af .-hw;hgIafg7njv’gInvoF g7njv’gvh c]t g7njv’.-h 8jk’MD. g7njv’,n-jk’w,h. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. @D. ສດິ. w,h *V!@ -a’8uc,af .-hw;hgIafg7njv’gInvoF g7njv’gvh c]t g7njv’.-h 8jk’MD. g7jnjv’,n-jk’w,h,u & xtgrffh;pdao7nG g7njv’;afcmdF g7njv’8afF g7njv’8vdF g7njv’ g9kt c]t g7njv’dq[D g7jnv’,ngs^jqkoU ,u7;k,9egxao8+;Pd’ko-jk’w,hs^kp 4hk0kf g7jnv’,n-toyf.f|bj’d=9tgIaf.sh;Pd-ad-hk c]t [+wfh Ia[zqofuD. @D! g7jnv’;afcmd g7jnv’;afcmd,u7nG c,afF lkd c]t 0=]kd g-jy’c8j]t1jk’,udkooe.-hfja’oUG dD c,af .-hle]a[;afcmd];’pk;F ];’d;hk’F ];’|k0v’w,h c]t |hk;Pd8jk’MD c,af ,ulk,xtgrffh;pdao7nG c,afra[F c,af,h;o c]t c,afd=Sh dko;afcmd gryjo.-h sq;|j;p;adcmdgxao,yo]uc,afF -a’8uc,af c]t c,afD. c,afd=h. c,afra[ 66. c,af,h;o.

(71) 0D lkd ,ulk,c[[7nG lkd8kpF lkd];, c]t lkd g]njvoD lkd8kpgxaolkdmujgIaffh;pw,h s^n 3]st gIaf gxao,6, _WqX_W vq’lk? s^n $&qX$& vq’lk?D lkd8kp. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. ສດິ. lkd];,. lkd];, gxaolkdmuj.-hd;fc9lkd c]t c9 $&qF c8jlkd-toyfoU[+wfhxtdv[fh;psq; c]t .[7nda[lkd8kpD ovd9kdoU pa’,ulyj’vnjoxt dv[16jfh;pg-jaoG ]tfa[oE c]t gsâd0ufF sq; c]t .[0v’lkd4vfvvd9kddaowfh Xg]njvowx{ ,kwfh?D. lkdg]njvo s^n lkd0k8adc8o ,uI6[Ijk’7nda[ lkd8kpF 8jk’daomjulj;o.[0v’,aolk,kf g]njvowx{,kwfh8k,7;k,8hv’dkoD lkdg]njvo 7D 0=]kd 0=]kd.-h0uf.shgxaoIvpgmy’|hkw,h grnjvdko 8afF dko-vpF dkog9kt[a’.[ c]t vnjoMD g7njv’,n-toyfoU gIaffh;p1k’ c]t gsâdD. 67.

(72) @D@. g7njv’8af s^n g]njvp g]njvpmujoypq,.-h.o;Pdw,h,u1j6 $ -toyf7nG g]njvpsk’xkF g]njvp7aoF g]njvplt]5 c]t g]njvpsk’|6 g-jy’,u]adltot c]t dkooe.-hfja’oUG. g]njvpsk’xk g]njvp7ao. g]njvplt]5. @D#. ສ. ວ ສະ .ສ ຫງ ວນ ລຂິ ະ. { g]njvpsk’xk .-hw;h8af s^n -vpw,Dh { g]njvp7ao .-hw;h-vpF djq’F 37h’ c]t 8afD { g]njvplt]5 .-hw;hg]njvpdjq’F 37h’ Xg]njvp8q;|a’ln? c]t g]njvpw,hmju,u7;k,[k’D { g]njvpsk’\6 .-hle]a[g]njvp[jvomju7a[c7[ c]t g]njvpvnjoM muj[+lk,kfg]njvpwfhD. ສດິ. g]njvpsk’|6. g7njv’8vd. g7njv’8vdmujoypq,.-h,u16j @ xtgrfG 7hvogsa^d c]t 7hvow,hD dD 7hvogsâd ,u0t|kfc8d8jk’daoF fhko|hk7hvo.-hle]a[ 8vd8tx6F svo.-hle]a[4vo8tx6 ,u0t|kf 8jk’daoD 7hvogsâd. 0D 7hvow,h ,u0t|kf8jk’dao .-hhle]a[8vdluj; g,njv8hv’ dko9tg9ktF dko.-h7hvow,hc,jogrnjv[+.shfhk, luj;c8dD 7hvow,h 68.

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