IlD cl’2hk 3s]ko5rk[ rq,,k 7e,a’

Texte intégral

(1)c[[IPo. rklk]k; -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu $ IP[IP’3fpG. IlD cl’2hk 3s]ko5rk[ rq,,k 7e,a’. d;fcdh3fpG. fiD vjvocdh; o;oot;q’ xy’7e lul5;ao. ry,g0Qk|hk3fpG. lu;yw] cdh;,tou;ao. 3fpdkoIj;,,n9kdG. w-ptrvo cr’]kflq,[af 2v’lt\5f vb’j 8td5o. dt-;’lbdlkmydko c]t dy]k lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk @W!#.

(2) 7eoe xB,c[[IPorklk]k;-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu $ oU wfhIa[dkoIP[IP’0Bo8k,sâdl6f.\j g-y’j dt-;’lbdlkmydkowfhIa[Iv’ c]t vto5pkfoe.-hD dko7Qo7;hk c]t IP[IP’xB,c[[IPorklk]k;-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkgs^,A oUF 7totIP[IP’ wfhv’u .ljgvdtlkoma’rkp.o c]t 8jk’xtgmf 3fpwfhI[a dkoIj;,,n9kdoad;y-kdkos^kprkd lj;og-aoj G 9kd,tsk;ymtpkw]csj’-kfF rtcodlbdlkmydko c]t dy]kot7vos^;’;P’9aoF dq,dv’8jk’M c]t oad;y-kdkovk;53l[eoko9eo;o|b’j D djvo|hkoUF xB,c[[IPorklk]k;;aoot7tfu1-j6 oA ,afmtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo wfh9fa ry,w;h.o gsÂ,fP;dao-n;j kj c[[IPorklk]k; c]t ;aoot7tfuF c8jdkorafmtokxa[x5’.\j.ogmnvj oU wfhcpdc[[IPo c]t 7j6,n76 ma’ @ ;y-k gxaogsÂ,.z,ao grnjv7;k,ltf;d.odko.-hlvpF lt|v’7;k,I6hfhkomyfltfuF 8q;1jk’ c]t dko g/ydmadltfhkodko2a’F g;QkF vjko c]t 0Po musj k^ ds^kpD 37’lhk’c[[IPorklk]k;-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu $ oU xtdv[fh;p $ rkd7nG rkdmu ! dkovjkoF rkdmu @ dko0Po}safc8j’F rkdmu # dko2a’ c]t g;QkF rkdmu $ sâddko.-hrklk s^n w;pkdvoD s^’a 9kdwfhIPo8k,s^da l6f c]t goNv.omu[j oa 95.oc[[IPorklk]k; -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu $ oUc]h; oadIPo9twfhIa[7;k,I6hc8j]tmadltrNo4ko7nG dkovjkoG oadIPo9twfhvkj o c]t g0Qk.97;k,\kp0v’lnxj tgrf|aa’lnry,F ;k]tlko c]t lk]t7tfu8kj ’Mc]h; 7Qo7yfry9k]tok3fpoe.-hsda^ dko.odkogda[de0=,h o6 9kdlngj s^kjq oAo 1jk’,u;y9k]tokpko c]t lk,kfoegvqklk]t7;k,I6h9kdc8j]txtgrflnwj x.-h1kj ’,uzqofuD dko0Po}safc8j’G dko0Pome,tfkoadIPo9twfhg0Qk.97;k,\kp c]t 0Po[qfc[[ ]kp’koF 0Poc[[lts^[5 goNv.ole7ao9kd[qf8jk’M c]t 0Po0=7h ;k,lAoMmulj tcf’7;k,I6lh db fu.9F glp.9g-y’j ,u]adltotdt85dvk]q,c[[’jkpMwfhD safc8j’9ecod7;k,c8d8jk’0v’ [qfvtmy[kpF [qfrylf6 c]t [qf;y9kowfhF lk,kf0Po[qfrylf6 c]t ;y9ko0=7h ;k,mugj xao[aosk4nd \qfF zyf\qf c]t 4ndcfjzyfcfj c]t 0Po[qf;yg7kt8q;]t7vo9kdg]nvj ’muvj kj owfhD dko2a’ c]t g;QkG [vd7;k,\kpF s^da dko c]t z63h 8h;kmuc8j]t/jkpwfhD lk,kfg0QkIj;, dko38h;kmu 3fpgIaf|hkmu/j kj pltg|u c]t /jkp7hkofh;pdkopqdgsfzqo c]t ,k]tpkfmufj uF g;Qk.omu-j 5,o5,.ook,gxaorymudvo0v’shv’ c]t 3I’IPowfhD.

(3) sâddko.-hrklkG [vd7;k,\kp c]t -toyf0v’xt3spdF 9ecodrkdlj;o8jk’M .oxt3spdfjP; c]t xtlq,mu’j kj pMwfhF oe.-hxt3spdxtlq,g0Qk.odko0Pog]nvj ’8jk’MwfhD djP;da[dk[dvo [vd7;k,\kp c]t 7;k,oypq,dko.-hdvo )F 9ecod]adltot0v’dko lezaf .ogr’Ihv’mucj 8j’8k,sâddko0v’dvo ) c]t lk,kf0Po0=h7;k,mulj ezafc[[dvo ) ’jkpMwfhD 7totIP[IP’xB,c[[IPorklk]k; 0v’lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk s;a’ 1jk’py’j ;jkgoNv.omuxj [a x5’ c]t IP[IP’w;h.oc[[IPorklk]k;gs^,A oU 7q’9t.sh7;k,dt9jk’ c9h’cdjzIh6 Pogxaolj;os^kpF 4hk;jkpa’,u[vj o.f[+4nd8hv’-afg9o 1kdxtdv[lj;o.odkocdhw0 0=.shmkj oz6-h ,q .-hdt]5oklq’j 0=7h fy gsao c]t 7e8y-,q wxpa’ lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlkF 4t|qo,t3slqfF ot7vos^;’;P’9aoF 86hxo *(F 3m]tla[}c2ad W@! @!#!*!D lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk.

(4) lk]t[ko |hk rkdmu. I. dkovjko. [qfmu !G dkovjkory9k]tok[qf.o|a’lnry, c]t ;k]tlko ............................ ! [qfmu @G dkovjko;yg7kt;y9ko1jk’,u;y9k]totpko ...................................!). rkdmu #G $G &G *G (G )G _G. dko0Po}safc8j’. dkogda[de0=,h o6 9kdcs^’j 7;k,I68h kj ’M .......................................@$ dko0Polts^[5 sp=[h fq xtgrf8jk’M .............................................#@ dko0Po]kp’ko;y-kdko .....................................................&! dko0Po37’dko................................................................&& dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6lh db .....................................................*# dko0Po[qf;y9ko ...............................................................*_ [qf;yg7kt ........................................................................)*. rkdmu. III. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. [qfmu [qfmu [qfmu [qfmu [qfmu [qfmu [qfmu. II. dko2a’ c]t dkog;Qk. [qfmu !WG dko38h;kmu .................................................................... !!# [qfmu !!G dkog;Qk.omu-j 5,o5, c]t dkogxaorymudvo ................................... !!(. rkdmu. IV. sâddkooe.-hrklk]k;. [qfmu !@G xt3spd........................................................................ !@! [qfmu !#G -toyf0v’xt3spd ............................................................ !@( [qfmu !$G dkooe.-hxt3spdg0Qk.odko0Po ........................................... !#$ [qfmu !&G dkoc8j’dvocxf ............................................................ !$@.

(5) rkdmu. dkovjko. I. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. [qfmu ! dkovj k ory 9 k]tok[q f .o|a ’ ln r y , c]t ;k]tlko. |a’lnry, gxaolnlj y’j ry,mu,j udeoqf9e|jkp1jk’cojovoF ,uma’|a’lnry,]kp;ao c]t |a’ln ry,]kpvkmyf grnvj ltg|u0kj ;lkomu| j kh lqo.9 g-j’yj gduf0boh .oc8j]t;aog-joa G fhkola’7q,F dkog,nv’F glf4tdyfF dko8jk’xtgmfF dkolbdlkF m5]tdyfF dy]k c]t vnoj MD |a’lnry, ,u[qf[kfle7ao8+ dko-uoh eg]nvj ’.fg]nvj ’|b’j mugj duf0boh .ola’7q, grktgxaoly’j mugj 0qkh g4y’xt-k-qowfh’kj pD |a’lnr,y ]kp;ao ,udeoqf9e|jkpgxao]kp;aog-aoj G |a’lnr,y xt-k-qoF |a’lnr,y ;P’9ao.\j gxao8QoD 0jk;lko c]t [qf0Po.o|a’lnry,]kp;ao9afg0qhk16.j o[qf0Pomu8j hv’0Poc0j’da[g;]k grnjv.shmao8+dko9e|jkp.oc8j]t;aoD dko.-h7ela[8jk’M g4y’9t,udkod;fcdhc]h;d=8k, c8jd=vkfgduf0=zh yfrkfwfh g-y’j z6vh kj o8hv’.-h;y9k]totpko.odkovjkoD. 1.

(6) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. lj;o|a’lnry,]kpvkmyfoaho ,udeoqf9e|jkpgxao]kp ( ;aog-ajoG |a’lnry,xt-k-qo ;aovkmyfF |a’lnry,;P’9aom5]tdyfF |a’lnry,7;k,lts’q[ gxao8QoD ovdoahoF pa’,u;k]tlko g-y’j gxaoxB,murj y,vvdgxaow]pt8k,deoqfg;]kmucj ojovo vkf,udeoqf9e|jkpgxao]kpgfnvoF ]kplk,gfnvog-aoj G ;k]tlko;aootlyoF ;k]tlko]ko7eF ;k]tlkova[gff gxao8QoD 0jk;lko mu1j .j6 o|a’lnr,y s^n ;k]tlkoxtgrfouh ,udko.-h7ela[rklk c]t 7;k,4nd8hv’0v’gonvh .o0jk; s^kpd;jk|a’lnry,]kp;ao phvo,ug;]k.odkozt]yfs^kpd;jk c8j0jk;lko0=h,6omuwj fhIa[vkf [+moa 8+gsfdkoxko.fD ltoaoh F skdz6vh kj o1kdI60h kj ;lkomumj oa 8+gsfdkod=7;og]nvdvjko|a’ln ry,]kp;ao9tfud;jkD. ! D [qf0jk;.o|a’lnry, c]t ;k]tlko |a’lnry,,ad9tltg|u0kj ;mu7j qolj;os^kp.sh7;k,lqo.9 s^n lq’j zqodtmq[8+la’7q,lj;o];,D [qf0jk;mufj u7;o,u]adltotfa’j ouhG { z60h Po9t8hv’,u7;k,Ihd6 Pj ;da[g]nvj ’mu0j Pogxao1jk’fu c]t 0=,h o6 vhk’vu’mu4j nd8hv’D { z60h Po9t8hv’0Pofh;p7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F dkoltcf’0=7h fy gsao9t8hv’vu’.lj7;k,gxao 9y’ c]t ,ugsfzqoxtdv[1jk’Iv[7v[D { z6h0Po9t8hv’0Po.sh4nd8hv’8k,I6[c[[F dko.-hrklk8hv’.-h1kj ’xtoufD skd,u dkomadmh;’g]nvj ’.fg]nvj ’|b’j d=.sh.-h;ymumda mh;’mu,j us^da dko [+goaoh .lj8;q [5d7qoD 2.

(7) X7af9kd|a’lnry,xt-k-qo lt[a[;aomu @_}W_}@WW_?. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. 8q;1jk’G [qf0jk;9kd|hk|a’lnry, <-k;|5,j gfuomtg]vk-Po{puxj 5oj dP,rhv,vvdgfuomk’< .o;aomu @& daopk @WW_ oU mulj o6 dk’-k;|5,j xt-k-qoxt8y;fa ]k; wfh9fa rymuzkj o[qflts^[5 lqomtok0v’7tot-k;|5,j ]k;gfuomtg] xt9exu @WW_ 0Bo 3fp,u mjko 7erao lyfmyferk g]0k7tot[=]ysko’kol6odk’ -DxDx ]k;F mjkook’ lq,ltoyf cdh;f;’fu Iv’sq;|hk shv’dkol6odk’ -DxDx ]k; rhv,fh;p7tot-k;|5,j gfuomtg]vk-Po{puxj 5oj g0QkIj;, @) 7qoD .orymu mjkook’ lq,ltoyf cdh;f;’fu wfhdkj ;g4y’95fxtlq’0v’dkogfuomtg]7A’oU;kj G dkogfuo mtg]7A’oU c,jogxao7A’mu #* 0v’dkogfuomtg]vk-Po c]t gxao7A’mu !! 0v’ lDxDx ]k; g-y’j 7totgfuomtg]9twfhltg|u]kpdkofhko;afmtotme0v’la’7q,]k;F ;afmtotmemk’fhko vksko c]t 3r-tokdkoF dkorq;rao8jk’xtgmfF ;afmtotme c]t Iuf7v’xtgrouF ly’j c;f ]hv,F dkolbdlkF dyf9tdefhkovklklt\ad c]t dkorafmtok-k;|5,j .shda[[aofklt,k -yd !W xtgmfvk-Po c]t puxj 5oj g0Qk.9djP;da[;afmtotmeIuf7v’xtgrouvaofu’k,0v’]k; .shlkdqowfhI[a I6Sh ];,ma’vkskomu[j ’jq [vdg4y’7;k,gxao]k; c]dxjPoda[[aofkxtgmflt,k -ydvk-Po{puxj 5oj .odkogIafdyf9tdeIj;,daogmy’gInv.ow]ptg;]k &W ;aoD ovdoU mk’7tot r;dgIqk9twfh[vddjk;djP;da[dkodP,rhv,0v’ lDxDx ]k; .o’ko,tstdedy]k-ugd, 7A’mu @& muj lDxDx ]k; wfhI[a dPfgxaog9Qkrk[.omhkpgfnvomao;k mu9j t,kg4y’oUgru,j g8u,D ovdg|nv9kd ) czo;Pdfa’j djk; ryglfdkogfuomk’7A’oU9twfh1hP,1k,radg-qk16xj tgmfvyo3fgog-pF ,kg] g-pF [i6woF dex6g9p c]t ,Po,kD. @ D dkory9k]tok[qf0jk;8jk’M.o|a’lnry, sâddkory9k]tok[qf0jk;8jk’Moaho z6hvjko9t8hv’gxaoz6hmuj-jk’la’gdfdko.-hrklkF I6[c[[dko0Po c]t 75o7jk8jk’M g-y’j 9t8hv’ry9k]tokfhko8jk’M fja’ouhG @D! dkorkfsq ; 0= h 0 j k ; dkorkfsq;0=0h kj ; c,jodko8a’h -n0j kj ;.shdtmafIaf c]t ry,8q;.spjgxaoryglf grnvj .shzvh6 kj o ,u7;k,lqo.9D dkorkfsq;0=h0kj ;mufj u7;o,u]adltotfa’j ouhG !? sq;0=0h kj ;8hv’4ndda[gonvh .ole7ao0v’0jk;D @? sq;0=h0kj ;9t8hv’.-hrklkmudj tmafIafg0qhk.9’jkpF [+7;o.-hrklkmugj Iaf.shgduf7;k, g0qhk.9zyf s^n [yfg[nvo7;k,gxao9y’D 3.

(8) 8q;1jk’G dkorkfsq;0=h0kj ;.o|hk|a’lnry,xt-k-qo lt[a[;aomu W@}!W}@WW_ { zqo0v’dv’xt-5,]af4t[koxt9egfnvodaopk xu @WW_ { dv’xt-5,grnvj dko-j;pgs^nv grnvj dkorafmtok { ,6ooym,y ki5g[oul’jq glu,;Pd’kodkolbdlk]k; { xyf-5fvq[Iq,;Pd’kowvptdkomq;j xtgmf-5fmu # { s^kprkdlj;og]a’j -j;pgs^nvz6xh tlq[wroE4h;,16cj 0;’g-dv’ { s^kprkdlj;o.shdkolt|a[lt|6o’ko[5o-j;’gInv xu @WW_ @D@ gon h v .o0v’0j k ;. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. !? gonvh .o0v’0jk;mufj u8vh ’,u7;k,9y’D @? rklkmu.j -h7;ogxaorklkmulj 5rk[ c]t gxaomk’dkoD #? IP’]efa[gsfdko8jk’Mmugj duf0bho8ah’c8j8qho9qol5fF [+7;o0Pogxao[aoskmulj tsâ[la[ -hvo s^n gIaf.shz6hvkj o7v’4hkfh;p7;k,1kdI6hD $? dkog]qkj gsfdkom5d8vo 8hv’vhk’s^da 4komu,j k [vdg;]k c]t lt4komu]j ;,g4y’8q; [5d7qomudj Pj ;0hv’da[gsfdkooAoM1jk’9tc9h’F pqdg;Ao0jk;mu8j hv’xqdxyf-nzj 6h[=]yl5fw;h 8k,,k]tpkf c]t 9aopk[ao0v’|a’lnry,D. 8q;1jk’G gonhv.o0v’[qf0jk;mujrkfsq;0=h;jk <lkoot7vos^;’8aflyo9e75d8ts^vf-u;yf ok’lt,ko8k< .o;aomu # ,y45ok @WW_ lkoxt-k-qoot7vos^;’;P’9ao wfh8aflyo]q’3mf9e75d8ts^vf -u;yfcdjok’lt,ko8k 3v3]pkg8u 7qowo9ygip lao-kfva’dyf .o0=hsk0qolq’j c]t ,u1kgl[8yf w;h7v[7v’dkp &WW dik,0BowxD mjko9aomt]u f;’;yw] Iv’xtmkolkoxt-k-qo ot7vos^;’;P’9ao wfh4tcs^’0jk; 8+ln,j ;o-qoma’rkp.o c]t 8jk’xtgmf;jkG ok’ lt,ko8k wfhg0Qk,k lDxDx ]k; .o;aomu #! d=]tdqf @WW) fh;p;u-k (Visa) oadmjv’mjP; 4hP;[yo TG *_! zjkolt|k,[yolkdqo;afw8D g4y’;aomu & ly’sk @WW) z6hdPj ;9tgfuomk’vvdwx 3fpzjkolt|k,[yolkdqo;afw8 g-y’j wfh4nd g9Qk|hkmulj t|k,[yomedkod;fdk8q;ok’ c]t wfhrq[;af45murj q;raoda[1kgl[8yfF 9kdoAo 9bj’wfhc9h’wxpa’g9Qk|hkmuxj k[xk,1kgl[8yf,kd;f7Qo8q;ok’8n,j vud 9bj’rq[gsao1kgl[8yf 16.j o8q;0v’ok’c]h; g9Qk|hkmu9j ’bj gIaf[qf[aombd c]t oe8q;,kfegouo7tfuD zjkodkoln[l;o{ lv[l;o ok’ lt,ko8k wfhIa[lk]trk[rhv,ma’]q’ok,.o[qf[aombdfh;p8qogv’D ok’ lt,ko8k wfhlk]trk[8n,j ;jkG djvo9tgfuomk’g0Qk,k]k; ok’wfhr[q da[ mhk; g9, muxj tgmf 4.

(9) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. va’dyf 3fpmhk; g9, wfhc8j’z6dh Pj ;g0qkh ,kxtgmfwm grnvj wxrq[da[mhk; 9vo g-y’j gxaovhkp0v’mhk; g9, ma’.shg[u3m]tla[8yf8+D sâ’9kdIvfxtgmfwm 9b’j wfh8yf8+skmhk; 9vo c8j[+lk,kf8yf 8+skmhk; 9vo wfhF c]h;ok’ lt,ko8k wfh8yf8+da[7nowxskmhk; g9, muxj tgmfva’dyf8n,j vudF 9b’j I6;h kj mhk; 9vo gfuomk’g0Qk,k lDxDx ]k; c]h; ok’ lt,ko8k 9b’j oeg0Qk,k]k;D g,nvj Ivf lDxDx ]k; ok’ lt,ko8k 9b’j 8yf8+rq[da[mhk; 9vo c]t mhk; g9, wfhc]h; 9b’j ,krad16j 3I’cI,lv’csj’.oot7vos^;’;P’9aoD ;aomu & ly’sk @WW) g;]kxt,ko ! 3,’g-QkF mhk; 9vo c]t mhk; g9, wfhgvqk1kgI 3ivyo.sh ok’ lt,ko8k 3fpwfh[ao95gxao *) s^vf g-y’j ,uoE|ad *)W dik, rhv,ma’cotoe .shdno]q’mhv’ c8j ok’ lt,ko8k [+lk,kfgIafwfh 9b’j xjPowx-5dg-nvj ’w;h8k,8qo8q;D .o0tot mujz6hdjP;wxc9h’|a’lnzjkocfomujlt|k,[yo;afw8 95fxtlq’9tgfuomk’wxxtgmf vql8ik]uF g9Qk|hkmujlt|k,[yo c]t g9Qk|hkmujxk[xk,1kgl[8yf 9bj’wfhd;frq[1kgI3ivyofaj’djk;D 9kdoAog9Qk|hkmuwj fhl’qj 0v’dk’ma’\qf.shdq,vksko c]t 1k dt-;’lkmk]totl5dmedko d;fdk c]t 1A’1no;jkgxao1kgl[8yfxtgrfgI3ivyo1jk’cmh9y’D 8+gsfdkofaj’djk;\kp 7;k,;jk ok’ lt,ko8k ,ug9f8tokg0Qk,k lDxDx ]k; grnvj Ia[gvqkgI3ivyo grnvj 9tlq’j wxpa’ xtgmfvql8ik]uD fa’j oAo lko9b’j 4n;kj dkodtme0v’ ok’ lt,ko8k ,u7;k,zyf4ko7v[7v’ c]t 0qolq’j 1kgl[8yf g-y’j zyf8+dfq \kpvkpk ,kf8k !$* 0=h ! ;admu $ phvo;jk 1kgl[8yfmu8j yf 8q;ok’ lt,ko8k gduod;jk &WW dik,F ok’ lt,ko8k 7;owfhIa[3mfxtsko-u;yf c8j8k, ,kf8k #@ 0v’dqf\kpvkpk z6ph y’dtmezyf.og;]k4nrk 9t8hv’wfhI[a dkos^f5 zjvo3mf9kd xtsko-u;yf,kgxao9e75d8ts^vf-u;yfcmoD mjkoIv’xtmkolkoxt-k-qoot7vos^;’;P’9ao pa’c9h’.shI6h8n,j ;jkG le]a[dko4nrk 0v’ok’ lt,ko8koAo ok’wfh,udko1no1ao c]t lk]trk[8+lko;jk wfhI[a 9kdoEg-NvD lj;o dkofegouodko8+wx c,jogxao|hkmu0j v’]af4t[kolv’xtgmf mu9j try9k]tokcdhw08k,7;k, g\ktlq,D X7af9kd|a’lnry,]k;rafmtokF lt[a[;aomu $ ,y45ok @WW_?. @D# dkory9k]toklj;ofu c]t lj;o[qdrjv’0v’0jk; dkoltg|u0kj ;mufj u9t8hv’,u]adltotfa’j ouhG !? 0jk;mufj u 9t8hv’[+c,jogsfdkomulj ’qj zqo8+dkome]kp7;k,\aho7q’0v’xtgmf-kfD 0jk;[k’0jk;vkf9tgxaog]nvj ’mu| j kh lqo.9F ,u7;k,dtmq[dtgmnvo8+7oq .o-kfF c8j4kh ltg|u0kj ;oaho vkf9tlq’j zqo.shgduf7;k,g0qhk.9zyf c]t vkfme]kp7;k,\aho7q’ 0v’-kfF 0jk;oaho[+7;ooeltg|uD 5.

(10) @? 0jk;mufj u 8hv’[+l’jq zqodtmq[dtgmnvog4y’7;k,gxaowx0v’7qolj;os^kpD 0jk;[k’0jk; gxaog]nvj ’mu| j kh lqo.9F 4hkgxaog]nvj ’lj;o8q;0v’7qo[k’7qod=[7+ ;ooeltg|uD 0jk;mu7j ;o oeltg|ug-aoj G 0jk;dkog,nv’F dkoxqd7v’F glf4tdyfF la’7q,F dkolbdlkF dkoxt dv[;y-k-u[ c]t xkdqfdkosp=hm=h.ola’7q, gxao8qhoD. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. 8q;1jk’G 0jk;glf4tdyf <lDxDx ]k; ,um5]tdyf0t|kfohvp c]t dk’ d;, __:< lDxDx ]k; ,urkdlj;om5]tdyf0t|kfohvp c]t dk’ muwj fh9qfmt[Po9eo;o !#WDWWW sq;|j;p d;,gvqks^kpd;jk __: 0v’[aofksq;|j;pm5]tdyfma’\qfD .o;aomu @_ daopk @WW_ 16mj luj o6 dkoIj;,,nlkdqo]k;{puxj oj5 ot7vos^;’;P’9ao shv’dko lq’j glu, c]t rafmtok;ylkstdyf0t|kfohvp c]t dk’wfh9afdv’xt-5,sk]ndPj ;da[dko8yf 8k,{xtg,uozqodko9af8A’xt8y[fa p5fmtlkfrafmtok;ylkstdyf0t|kfohvp c]t dk’ Ivfxu @W!W 0Bo 3fpdkog0QkIj;,rymu0v’mjko lq,fu vyo,uw- sq;|hkshv’dkolq’j glu, c]t rafmtok ;ylkstdyf0t|kfohvp c]t dk’ rhv,fh;pz6hveo;pdkoczodkoIj;,,n]k;{g1p]t,ao grnvj rafmtok-a[rtpkdvo,to5fle]a[glf4tdyf8ts^kf .ook,z6.h shdkolt|a[lt|6oD ovdoU pa’,urtoad’ko;y-kdkodjP;0hv’vhv,0hk’g0QkIj;,1jk’rhv,rP’D 95fxtlq’le7ao0v’dv’xt-5,c,jogrnjvlhk’7;k,g0Qk.9 c]t Ia[I6hdjP;da[|hkmuj;ymu dkogIaf;Pd 0v[g0f0v’;Pd’ko8yf8k,{xtg,uozqo9af8A’czop5fmtlkffa’j djk; mq[m;o7no 7;k,7n[|hk0v’;Pd8k,0tc|’dko8jk’MF xbdlksk]n;ymudkogda[de c]t lt|v’0=h,6o 0v’[aofk|hk;Pdmu1j rj6 kp.8h7;k,Ia[zyf-v[0v’8qo8n,j vudD czop5fmtlkfrafmtok;ylkstdyf0t|kfohvp c]t dk’ lhk’8A’0Bo grnvj zao0tspkp c]t 9af8A’xt8y[fa [aofkmyfmk’ s^n ot3p[kp0v’]af4t[kodjP;da[dkolq’j glu, c]t rafmtok ;ylkstdyf0t|kfohvp c]t dk’D p5fmtlkffa’j djk;wfh4ndIa[Iv’ c]t xtdkf.-h.oxu @WW) g-y’j ,us^kp0tc|’dkodjP;0hv’Ij;,dao9af8A’xt8y[af 3fplj;o.spjgxao;Pd8k,lkp0;k’ mudj Pj ;raoda[s^kp0tc|’vhv,0hk’D X7af9kd|a’lnry,;P’9ao.\jF lt[a[;aomu #W}W_}@WW_?. 6.

(11) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. 8q;1jk’G 0jk;dkolbdlk <xtdkfzqodkolv[gla’oadIPogda’j mq;j xtgmf< rkpsâ’muwj fhfegouodkolv[gla’c0j’0aooadIPogda’j -aho,afmtpq,xkpmq;j xtgmf xt9e lqdIPo @WW){@WW_ ,kgxaog;]k $ ;aoF .o;aomu @$ g,lk @WW_ oU 9b’j leg]af]q’ c]t wfh9afrymu lts^5[xtdkfzqodkolv[gla’0Bomusj =;afmtotmecsj’-kf 3fpdkogxaoxtmko0v’mjkook’ cl’gfnvo s^hk9aomt[6o ]af4t,qo8u-;j p;jkdkodt-;’lbdlkmydko 3fp,u mjko ]u25’ sq;|hk dq,,afmtpq,lbdlk rhv,fh;p[aofksq;|hkdq,Iv’dq,la’dafdt-;’lbdlkmydko sq;|hkl6o z6vh eo;pdko3I’IPo 7totde,tdkodkolv[gla’ 76vk9ko c]t oadIPogda’j g0QkIj;,1jk’ rhv,rP’D. dkolv[gla’7A’oUwfh,uoadlv[gla’g0QkIj;,ma’\qf )W 7qo .ooUlv[gla’;y-k7toyflkf 9eo;o @W 7qoF ;y-krklk]k;{;aoot7tfu @W 7qoF ;y-k2y-ydlkf 9eo;o @W 7qo c]t ;y-k g7,ulkf @W 7qoD zjkodkolv[gla’8q;9y’ ;y-k7toyflkf lv[wfh7kf\kp &W 7tcoo0Bowx ,u #W:F 7tcool6’l5f )) 7tcoo c]t 7tcoo8Ol5f @ 7tcooD mu ! wfhcdjmhk; ly]y;aowgrafl5;ao 3I’IPorvolts;ao-qogzqkj ,D-F mu @ wfhcdjmhk; ,q;d6dk; g9uxk; 9kdot7vo s^;’;P’9ao c]t mu # wfhcdjmhk; 7e\Ao cdh;[q; 9kdc0;’w-pt[6]uD dkolv[gla’;y-krk lk]k;{;aoot7tfu lv[gla’wfh7kf\kp &W 7tcoo ,u #&: 7tcool6’l5f ($F(& 7tcoo c]t 7tcoo8Ol5f @_ 7tcooD mu ! wfhcdjok’ ,uw-rvo [5o;yw] 9kd3I’IPorvolts;ao 7.

(12) X7af9kd|a’lnry,;P’9ao.\jF lt[a[;aomu @(}W$}@WW_?. 8q;1jk’G ,tstdedy]k-ugd,7A’mu @& wfhw00Bo1jk’py’j .spj mulj t|k,dy]kcsj’-kfot7vos^;’;P’9ao. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. -qogzqkj ,D-F mu @ wfhcdjok’ vvovkoq’ [5ootlyo 9kdc0;’sq;rao mu # wfhcdjok’ xtdkp lvo7e fk]k;q’ 9kdot7vos^;’;P’9aoD dkolv[gla’;y-k2y-ydlkf lv[gla’wfh7kf\kp &W 7tcoo 0Bowx,u #W:F 7tcool6’l5f ()F(W 7tcoo c]t 8Ol5f & 7tcooD mu ! wfhcdjok’ vtmyrvo l5;oa ot;q’ 9kdot7vos^;’;P’9ao mu @ ok’ ,tou;vo f;’9ad 9kd3I’IPorvolt s;ao{-qogzjqk ,D- lj;omu # wfhcdjmhk; 9n9k’ 9kd3I’IPorvolts;ao c0;’s^;’rt[k’D c]t dkolv[gla’;y-kg7,ulkf lv[gla’wfh7kf\kp &W 7tcoo 0Bowx,u #W: 7tcool6’l5f )& c]t 8Ol5f &W 7tcooD mu ! wfhcdjmhk; xk]t,u rq,,tskw- 9kd3I’IPorvolts;ao -qogzqkj ,D-F mu @ ok’ 1q’g-hp]u ]ug]jpo6 9kdot7vos^;’;P’9ao c]t mu # mhk; ;q’raom+ 9kd3I’IPorvolts;ao c0;’s^;’rt[k’D le]a[]k’;aomu ! wfhg’yolqf # ]hkodu[F mu @ wfhg’yolqf @ ]hkodu[ c]t mu # wfhg’yolqf ! ]hko * clodu[ rhv,.[phv’p=0v’dt-;’lbdlkmydkoD .orymu mjkook’ cl’gfnvo s^kh 9aomt[6o wfhgxaodPf,v[.[phv’p= c]t ]k’;ao.shoda IPo gda’j D 9kdoAo mjkod=wfh.shdko3vh],q 8+[oa fkoadlv[gla’vudfh;pD. ,tstdedy]k-ugd, 7A’mu @& muj lDxDx ]k; gxaog9Qkrk[ wfhgxuf0Bo1jk’py’j .spj .o8vo7O 0v’;a o mu _ ma o ;k @WW_ mu j l t|k,dy ] kcsj ’ -kf Xs^ a d !*? ot7vos^ ; ’;P’9a o F 3fpdkog0QkIj;, gxaodPf0v’rtotmjko 96,,k]u w-ptlvo xtmkoxtgmf csj’ lDxDxD ]k;F rtotmjko [q;lvo [5[zk;ao okpqd]af4t,qo8u csj’ lDxDx ]k;F gxaodPfg0QkIj;,’ko,tst dedy]k-ugd,7A’oU pa’,u lq,gfafvad7t,tskglok[=fu g839 I5og-o okpqd]af4t,qo8u csj’ ]k-tvkok9addex6g9pF rtotmjko rqogvd gmog-o okpqd]af4t,qo8u csj’ltstrk[,Po,kF rtotmjkovtrylyf g;f-k-u;t okpqd]af4t,qo8ucsj’ ]k-tvkok9adwmF rtotmjko s’;Po g8yo15’ okpqd]af4t,qo8u csj’ lDl s;Pfok, c]t rtotmjko l5]yo ryfl5;ao g]0kmydko .spjvk-PoF rhv,c0dma’rkp.o c]t 8jk’xtgmfF ,;o-qo]k; c]t xtgmfvhv,0hk’g0QkIj;, g8a,lt|k,D mjko lq,lts;kf g]a’j lts;af Iv’okpqd]af4t,qo8u csj’ lDxDx ]k;F xtmko 7totde,tdko9af,tstdedy]k-ugd, 7A’mu @& wfh djk;.orymu;kj G <DDD .ogfnvo,y45ok xu !_&_ ltstraody]k-ugd, wfhIa[dkolhk’8A’0Bo3fp * xt-k-kf .ovk-u8kg;aovvdlP’.8hF .ooAo d=,uxtgmf]k;D ,kIvfxu @WW# vu’8k,7eltg|u0v’de,tdko3v]y,xydcsj’-kf]k;F 8.

(13) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. 7tot,qo8u-ugd, 9b’j wfh8qd]q’gsaofu.sh lDxDx ]k; gxaog9Qkrk[,tstde-ugd, 7A’mu @& .oxu @WW_ g-y’j d=r=fuda[;ao7q[Iv[ &W xu csj’dkolhk’8A’ltstrao-ugd,D 0hkrtg9Qk 0=]kp’ko;jk -ugd,7A’mu @& ,u @& xtgrfdy]k c]t ,uoaddy]k9kd !! xtgmf lt,k-yd9eo;o #DW#) 7qo g0QkIj;,D vaomugj xaoryglfle]a[-ugd,7A’oUc,jor;dgIqkwfhI[a dPf8hvoIa[okpqd]af4t,qo8u0v’ $ xtgmfgrnvj o[hko.dh7P’ c]t g]0kmydko.spjvk-Po g-y’j gxaogsfdkomu[j +g7up,u.o,tstde -ugd,7A’zjkoM,kD lts^5[;jk,kg4y’g;]kokmuoU dkodtdP,fhko8jk’Mc,jowfhleg]afglaflYo gxaomuIj P[Ihvp c]t Ia[xtdao,kf8t4ko0v’dko9afc0j’0ao-ugd,m5dxtdkoD<sâ’9kdoAoF rtotmjko 96,,k]u w-ptlvo xtmkoxtgmf csj’ lDxDx ]k; d=wfh.shdPfdjk;gxuf,tstde dy]k-ugd,7A’mu @& 1jk’gxaomk’dkoD 9kdoAoF d=,u0t[;ol;olt|k,0v’oaddy]kg0Qkl6j lt|k, 8k,]efa[8q;vadlvo]k8yo c]t xyfmhkpfh;p0t[;ooaddy]k0v’ lDxDx ]k; g9Qkrk[F 8yf8k,fh;pdkoltcf’ ( ]kpdkoF ,uoda ltcf’ ) raod;jk7qomugj 9Qkrk[oeltg|u.sh c0dwfh-,q gxaodkoxtlq,xtlko1jk’dq,dP;]ts;jk’ly]txt;afmtotme7;k,gxao]k; c]t ;y;fa mtokdko0v’3]dvhv,0hk’ g-y’j g]u,j 8Qofh;p[qf2hvopyofu8vh oIa[-ugd, ];,gvqkoadltcf’ raod;jk7qoF laopt]adoe3-d -hk’9exu9exkvvd,kmadmkp,;o-qoF 9kdoAo [aofkok’lk;.o -5fxt9e-kf0v’c8j]txtgmfd=vvd,kda[mjk2hvo0v’xtgmfoAoM g-y’j lhk’7;k,8No8ao.9.sh z6hg0QkIj;, wfhgxao1jk’fu ltcf’g4y’7;k,v5fq,Ia’j ,u c]t my;mafme,t-kfvaol;plqf’qf’k, 0v’xtgmf]k; vvo-vomq’j oklu7e [qf2hvooUmq;j [=]yg;o9tgs^nv’gs^Nv,wxfh;pI;’g0Qkmulj 5d gs^vn ’F ,;o-qo8jk’-k[-B’g4y’75o7jk0v’g0Qk g-y’j gxaovksko]+]Ph ’-u;fy c]t g0Qk|P;d=gxaornf 9.

(14) raog0Qk mujgxaogvdt]adxt9e-kf0v’]k;F 9kdmqj’oklu7e mqj;lt|k,d=cf’c9h’faj’lu7e g,nvj oad2hvopy’.o-5flucf’[6Iko]k; rhv,4nmPo.ofvd[q;0k; vvd,kltcf’mjk2hvovao lts’jk c]t vvo-vo ma’gIafgxaoI6[8q;|a’ln g-y’j gxaolaopt]ad0v’dkoc0j’0aody]k rhv,pa’ c/’,krhv,da[vt]yptme0v’7qo]k;muIj da w7j./jsklao8yrk[168j k,lyodyo8k,me c]t xyfmhkp dkopy’[A’w2fvdmulj ;p’k,xtma[.9D X7af9kd|a’lnry, xt-k-qo lt[a[;aomu !W}!@}@WW_?. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. cx;w2 <;P’9aogd,< xyflkd]q’1jk’py’j .spj mjk,dk’7;k,gry’j r=.90v’oaddy]k]k; pkfwfhs^Po7egxaoxts;aflkfD. cx;w2csj’-ugd,7A’mu @& wfh,vf]q’mjk,dk’7;k,vkw]vk;vo 7;k,Iad c]t ,yf8trk[ ]ts;jk’ !! xtgmflt,k-yd g-y’j rymuxyf,tstde-ugd,7A’oU wfh9af0Bo1jk’py’j .spj .o8voc]’ !) mao;k @WW_ mulj t|k,dy]kcsj’-kfsâd !* ot7vos^;’;P’9ao 3fp.shdPf g0QkIj;,0v’ rtotmjko [5opa’ ;=]t9yf dq,dkog,nv’l6odk’rad Iv’xtmkoxtgmfF ,urtot mjko[q;lvo [5[zk;ao okpqd]af4t,qo8u csj’ lDxDx ]k; [aofk7totoe0Aodt-;’ c0d8jk’ xtgmf m68ko5m5f c]t ,;o-qorkp.o c]t 8jk’xtgmfg0QkIj;,1jk’s^;’s^kpD 10.

(15) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. .orymuvaolts’jk]kluoU rkpsâ’dkoltcf’0v’ly]txyooadIhv’0v’[aofkxtgmflt,k -ydvk-Po c]t 8u,= g]lg8 9q[]q’c]h; xtmko9afdko,tstdedy]k-ugd, 7A’mu @& rtotmjko lq,lts;kf g]aj’lts;af xtmko9af’ko,tstdedy]k-ugd,7A’oU wfhdjk;lts^5[]kp’ko 3fpmjkowfhdkj ;;jkG <oa[c8j,Ng]u,j c0j’0ao 9qo,kg4y’;aomu !) mao;k @WW_ g-y’j gxao,Nxyf’ko r;dgIqk1jk’gxaomk’dko .o,tstdedy]k7A’oU ,u!! xtgmfg0QkIj;,dkoc0j’0ao g-y’j ,u9eo;o rqog0QkIj;,ma’\qf &D!!# 7qoD .ooAo ,uoda dy]k #DW#) 7qo g9Qk|hkmudj ]y kfhko8jk’M,u @DW(& 7qoD dy]kmuwj fhc0j’0ao,u @& xtgrf ];,,u #(& ]kpdko g-y’j zqowfhIa[,uf’aj oUG xtgmfmuwj fhIa[s^Po7e gxaomu|b’j c,joxtgmfwm wfh )* s^Po7e Iv’]q’,kc,jos;Pfok,wfh )# s^Po7e c]t mu # c,jovyo3fgog-pwfh $# s^Po7eD le]a[xtgmf]k;gIqk c,jowfh ## s^Po7e gxaomu ( .o dkoc0j’0ao7A’oUD wfh,udkome]kplt4y8y0v’-ugd,7nG c]jo{]ko !# ]kpdkoF feoE !@ ]kp dkoF py’xno !# ]kpdko c]t ]vpoE #$ ]kpdkoD oaddy]kgrf-kpmuwuj fhsP^ os^kpd;jk\6wj fhcdj mhk; fkgo; g[3d (DANIEL BEGO) 9kdxtgmf,kg]g-p gxaody]kxtgrf]vpoE ];,wfh & s^Po7eD lj;ooaddy]kxtgrfpy’muwj fhs^Pos^kpd;jk\6wj fhcdj ok’ ]umk; (LI TAO) 9kdxtgmf ly’dt3x gxaody]kxtgrf]vpoE ];,wfh $ s^Po7eD 0hkrtg9Qk0=lts^5[7;k,;jkG dkoc0j’0ao c,joxt8y[af4nd8hv’8k,dqf[af c]t dt8ydk0v’-ugd,m5dxtdko c]t dko8aflyod=,u7;k, mjP’me [aopkdkf2qf2No-noj [kog8a,wxfh;poE.9dy]k1jk’cmh9y’F I6h-tot I6hglp ma’.shvtwr ma’wfhIfa c|ho7;k,lk,ad7u ,yf8trk[ c]t dkorq;raovaofu]ts;jk’oaddy]k0v’[aofkxtgmf mugj 0QkIj;,’ko ma’gxaodkoxtdv[lj;og0Qk.odkopqd]tfa[7;k,lk,kf0v’oaddy]k rkdrNo vk-u8kg;aovvdlP’.8h 0Bol6j]tfa[lkdqovuddhk;|bj’D 0hkrtg9Qk0=4n3vdkfoU .ook,7tot de,tdko9af,tstde-ugd, 7A’mu @& ltcf’7;k,0v[.91jk’9y’.9,kpa’ g9Qk|hkmudj ]y k c]t oaddy]kmugj 0QkIj;,dkoc0j’0ao7A’oU muwj fh.shdkoIj;,,ngxao1jk’fucdjg9Qkrk[ g-y’j gIaf.sh,tst de0v’r;dgIqkwfh[ao]5zqo1jk’9q[’k, lq,faj’7;k,,5j’,kfxk4t|k0v’r;dgIqkma’lhk’ [aopkdkfvao.\j.shcdj,tstde-ugd,D 0=ltcf’7;k,0v[vqd0v[.9-k;ot7vos^;’;P’9ao c]t xt-k-qo.omq;j xtgmf ,kpa’m5dde]a’ m5d|j;p’ko ma’rkd]af c]t gvdt-qo z6h.shdko lt|a[lt|6o-j;pgs^vn c]t v5xt4ema’rkp.o c]t 8jk’xtgmf g-y’j gxaoxafw9vaole7aoxtdv[ lj;og0Qk.ozqoleg]af0v’’ko,tstdedy]k7A’oU1kj ’l5fvqdl5f.9K 0=ltcf’7;k,0v[.9ln,j ;o -qorkp.oxtgmf c]t 8jk’xtgmf muwj fhvvd0jk;1jk’maodkocdj,tstde7A’oU ,kot3vdkf oUfh;p ,kg4y’g;]kokmuoU m5dMxtgrfdy]k c]t ]kp’koc0j’0aowfhleg]afglaflYogxaomuIj P[ Ihvpc]h;D<. 11.

(16) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. .o3vdkffa’j djk; pa’,urymu,v[]k’;aodPf8y75o9kdxtmkovq’dko3v]y,xydlkdqo .sh xtmko9af,tstde-ugd,7A’mu @& g-yj’mjko cvofu ,k]kciogd’ (Andi Malarangeng) Iv’xtmkoltstrao3v]y,xydlkdqo wfhdkj ;-q,g-up lDxDx ]k; ;jk9afwfhfug]uf c]t wfh.sh dko8hvoIa[vaovq[v5oj ,tsaflt9ao ,yf8trk[ .shz6h,kIj;, c]t ,k-q,-ugd, 7A’mu @& muj lDxDxD ]k; gxaog9Qkrk[ 3fpmjkowfhdkj ;;jkG <0hkrtg9Qk.ook,7tot3v]y,xydlkdqo c]t ;q’lk7totpkf3v]y,xyd 0=-q,g-up lkmk]tot]af xt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; muwj fh9af,tst dedy]k-ugd,0Bogxao7A’mevyfD r;dmjko9afdkowfhfug]ufF wfh.shdko8hvoIa[vaovq[v5jo c]t ,tsaflt9ao ,yf8trk[ .shz,h6 kIj;, c]t ,k-q,oaddy]k #D!WW 7qo mu,j k9kd !! xtgmflt,k -yd-ugd, d=wfhg0QkIj;,c0j’0ao wfhI;j ,-u;yfoedao c]t wfhxt8y[afoE.93v]y,xyd 7n7;k,fug]uf ,yf8trk[ c]t dkooa[4ng-y’j dao c]t daoD 0=-,q g-upzqoleg]af0v’r;dmjkoF 0hkrtg9Qk0=8k’ |hk.shmkj o -adiqd xtmko3v]y,xydlkdqo.shdPfphv’p=]af4t[ko c]t xt-k-qo lDxDx ]k; c]t z6Ih [a zyf-v[dko9afdko-ugd,oU7n rtotmjko lq,lts;kf g]a’j lts;af Iv’okpqd]af4t,qo 8u xtmko7totde,tdko9af-ugd, 7A’mu @& 8ts^vf # xuzkj o,k mjkowfhgIaf;Pd1jk’[+I6hvyf. I6hg,nvj p grnvj leg]af;ywlmaf0v’]af4t[komu1j kdlq’j glu,dy]k.shxt-k-qo0v’mjko grnvj xtdv[ lj;og0Qk.odkolhk’3]d.shfu0Bo c]t .sh,uloa 8yrk[ 3fpzjkodkody]k rkp.8hoE.93v]y,xydD dy]kgxaorklkvao|b’j vaofP;mumj 5d7qog0Qk.9 c]t gxaoly’j le7aomugj Iaf.shxt-k-qolk,ad7udaoD ]af4t[ko0v’mjkowfhIa[gvqk7;k,mhkmkp.odkogxaog9Qkrk[,tstde-ugd, 7A’mu @& gIaf.sh;’q dkody]k.oxtgmf0v’mjkowfhI[a dkorafmtokgxao1jk’fu lt|k,dy]kcsj’-kfs^da !* gxaolt|k,dy]k.spjl;p’k, xtdv[fh;pl6ody]kmk’oE lt|k,py’xno lt|k,gmaooyf c]t lt|k,dy]k.oIq,j d=7nlt|k,vnjoM16mj q;j ot7vos^;’;P’9ao 7nlt|k,dav[-ugd, c]t l6o[63f g-y’j 4n;kj gxaolt|k,mufj umluj 5f.orkdrNoD 12.

(17) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. okpqd]af4t,qo8u csj’ lDxDx ]k; mjko [q;lvo [5[zk;ao wfhdjk;xyf,tstdedy]k -ugd,7A’mu @& 1jk’gxaomk’dko .orymuwfh,udko,v[m5’-ugd,.shxtgmfvyo3fgog-p 3fpmjko fiD r6mv’ cl’vk7q, ]af4t,qo8uxt9eleoad’kookpqd ma’gxaoxtmko7totde,tdko dy]kcsj’-kf ,v[.sh]fa 4t,qo8udt-;’dy]k c]t -k;|5,j vyo3fgog-p g-y’j 9tgxaog9Qkrk[9af -ugd, 7A’mu @*D 9kdoAog9Qkrk[,tstde-ugd,7A’mu @* xtgmfvyo3fgog-p ltg|u[qf2hvoly]t 9k1kmulj ;p’k, v;fvhk’g7nvj ’o5’j lucf’ ,u,5’d5f c]t g7nvj ’xtfa[lu7egs^nv’gs^Nv,dk’g;mu fh;p]u]kmjk2hvomuvj vj o-hvp c8jg0A,c0’ xtlkofqo8um3ju ffgfaoj fh;plP’dv’ crdt3xj’lucf’ fhkoovdmulj k,kfdk’vvdgxaoI6[fvdw,hwfhooA lhk’7;k, l;p’k,.shdkoltcf’gxao1jk’py’j D dkoltcf’ <,hk’g7nvg0qkdkf< oymko[6Iko]k; muoj da ltcf’/jkpg9Qkrk[;P’9aogd, oe,kg]qkj .shc0d2a’3fp];,gvqkoadltcf’ !D&WW d;jk7qo,kltcf’2hvo gIafgxaoI6[8jk’M lnj7;k,\kpg4y’7;k,,ug,f8kdt]5ok0v’x6jgpupjkgpu c]t ly’7e mujwfh,hk’g7nvg0qkdkf .sh3]dwfhrq[da[cl’lts;jk’ 8+fh;pdkoltcf’[qf2hvo <[5oxu.\j[hkogIqk< [qf2hvooUgIaf .shmq;j gfuoj xPd-5,j wfhfh;poE.lg1aomuj4ndsqf c]t lkf 9kd0ao X3v? xtlkodko2hvo]e g-y’j gs^kjq oadltcf’rtpkpk,4jkpmvf.shz-h6 ,q wfhgsao[5oxtgrou0v’]k;.ow]ptvkdkfIhvovq[gvQk rk0;aofvdw,hc-,/hkp,5’75omu7j oq ]k;oyp,q dao,af7+8c+ 0o grnvj 7;k,gxaoly],y ’5 75o.oxk’[5ooU d=4nd1y[pqd0Bo,kv;fvhk’g-ajodaoD 4af9kdvkdkfIhvovq[gvQkd=8+.lj]tf6/qo g-yj’gxao]tf6muj xt-k-qo]k;dP,gIafokD g,nvj /qo2hk[+8dq d=8vh ’,udko0=/oq 9kdrtpkc4oD .o[qf2hvo <[5o[A’w2< gs^kjq oadltcf’c8j’dkp.o-5fluclf g-U’dao1jk’,j;o-noj ,udkomk|hkc8h,8k g-y’j gxaogvdt]ad |bj’0v’oadg-U’[A’w2 rhv,oU s5jog2nv’0t|kf.spjmujvvd,k2hvo.shz6h-q,g[yj’ d=lhk’lulao .shdkoltcf’-5foU[+|hvpD [bf9E[bfK 7nlP’x5d.9lurkpgInvc0j’.o[qf2hvo <g-U’-j;’gInv< xtgroumu9j af0Bo4af9kd[5ovvdraolkxt;=]tok !& 7O gfnvo !! ]k; m5dMxuD [qf2hvooUovd 9kdlP’9a’s;tfqo8u c]t gr’Ihv’muj7bd7No,j;o-njoc]h; [aofklurkp[jk;{lk;pa’vvd cI’cd;j’w,hrkp4jkpmvf.shgsao7;k,96[9hk;shk;sao c8jl;p’k,fh;pdkoxtlkomjk2hvo vaovjvo-hvp g0A,c0’ 9b’j dkpgxao[qf2hvovud[qfmu-j tot.9z6-h ,q s^kp0BoD 9kdoAogs^kjq oadltcf’ ]k; c]t vyo3fgog-p g-y’j 9tgxaog9Qkrk[9af-ugd, 7A’mu @* vud @ xu 0hk’|hkd=vvd,k;kf ];f]kpIj;,dao.o9a’s;t[a-]q[ XPasodoble? c]t gr’ve]kmu| j hk9qf9e rq[dao.\jvud @ xu0hk’|hk da[,tstde-ugd,7A’mu @* mulj 5,k8ik xtgmfvyo3fgog-pD X7af9kd |a’lnry,;P’9ao.\j lt[a[;aomu !_}!@}@WW_. 13.

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(23) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. 7;k,la[lqo c]t dhk;wxg4y’[jvog0qhk.9zyf8+da[gonhv.o c]t 7;k,\kp muzj 6h0Po8hv’dko lndj [a z6vh kj oD #? ry9k]tok7;k,8+gonjv’0v’gonhvg]njv’ 7;k,8+gonvj ’0v’gonvh g]nvj ’ ,u7;k,le7aos^kp 3fps^da dkoc]h; dko0PodjP;da[g]nvj ’.f g]nvj ’|b’j 9t8hv’fegouo8k,c[[0v’c8j]txtgrf[qfg-aoj G dko0Polk]t7tfu xtgrf-u;t xts;af 8hv’g]u,j 8qhoc8j ;aogfnvoxugdufF xts;afdkolbdlkF xts;afdkogIaf;Pd c]t vnoj MD c8j4hk0Pog]u,j 9kd;aogfnvoxu8kpF c]h;8+fh;pxts;afdkogIaf;Pd c]t xts;afdkolbdlk c[[ou9h tgIaf.shzvh6 kj ogduf7;k,la[lqoD g;qhk];,c]h; 7;k,8+gonvj ’0v’gonhvg]nvj ’ vkf9t,us^kpc[[mucj 8d8jk’daog-aoj G 7;k, 8+gonvj ’c[[xtgrouoypq, Xg7up0Pog]nvj ’c[[oaho,kfqoc]h;? s^n vkf9tgxao7;k,8+gonvj ’mugj xao gvdt]ad0v’z6h0Pog-ajoG fegouog]njv’mujgxaogsfdko[ahoxkp-u;yf0v’8q;]t7vo.f|bj’ c]h;9b’j djk;g4y’7;k,gxao,k0v’g]nvj ’.o8vo8qoh djvo9tgdufgsfdkoxaf95[oa c8j9t0Pofh;p ]u]kc[[.fd=8k,F 8hv’pbf4nsdâ mugj xaogvdtrk[daodjvoD $? 9ecod7;k,I6hvvd9kd7;k,7yf c]t 7;k,I6hlbd z6vh kj o9t8hv’7eob’;jk g]nvj ’mugj Iqkvjkooaoh ,um’a 7;k,I6Fh 7;k,7yf c]t 7;k,I6lh db 0v’z6h 0Poc/’16Dj fa’j oahoF dkovjko1jk’,u;y9k]totpko z6hvkj o9t8hv’9ecodwfh c]t lk,kfry9k ]tok1jk’,ugsfzqo;jk vao.fgxao7;k,I6hmu7j ;o9n9j e c]t vao.fgxao7;k,7yfF 7;k,I6hlbd0v’ z6h0Pomulj tg|ugru,j g8u, grnvj dt85ho.sh7qho7yfF grnvj ltcf’mafltotlj;o8q; c]t vnoj MD &? g[yj’7;k,lerao0v’sâddko c]t 8q;1jk’ 3fpmqj;wxc]h; 0=h7;k,.fmujgxaogsfdko s^n g]njv’muj7qhorq[.\jF 4hkz6h0Povhk’g4y’ s^n pqd8q;1jk’,k.shgsao 9tgxaodkogru,j o=hk|ad0v’7;k,g-nvj 4n.shs^kp0bhoD fa’j oahoF djvomu9j tg-nvj vao.f z6hvkj o7;ory9k]tokg4y’7;k,lerao0v’sâddko c]t 8q;1jk’muoj e,kxtdv[ ;jk,u 7;k,9y’rP’.fF lq,gsflq,zqos^n[+ gxao8qhoD 7e4k, !D dkovjko;yg7kt;y9ko1jk’,u;y9k]totpkoc,joco;.fL @D 7;k,lk,kfrNo4ko0v’dkovjko;yg7kt;y9ko1jk’,u;y9k]totpko,u1kj ’.fcfjL #D ;ymuvkj o;yg7kt;y9ko1jk’,u;y9k]totpko8hv’xt8y[afco;.fL. 19.

(24) [qfg/ydsaf 9q’j vjko[aofk[qf7;k,]5,j ouh c]h;;yg7kt;y9ko1jk’,u;y9k]totpko 3fpvu’.lj7;k,I6hmuj wfhIPo,kc]h;D. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. <glA o mk’wxl6 j 7 ;k,9y [ skp< glAomk’,tsao8twr s^n lkpmk’,=]totmumj dq mNocdjf’b .sh7oq pjk’wxl69j f5 9q[F rq[7;k,9y[ skpme]kp7;k,gxao,to5fF ]hk’]b[75o7jkmk’fhko;afmtotme9kd.9F gzqkw\h|c+ |’ 9+9k; csj’75o’k,7;k,fuF s^Q,lts^kpzqo’ko c]t v5fq,dkomudj hk;|hkF oerk-k;|5,j -5,lk; .shs’q^ mu[wx8qd]q’gs;skptot vaogxaog0fcfocsj’7;k,9y[skp;kp;vfoAo gryoj djk;w;h;kj ,u $ xtdko 7nG !D g/ydcv[ c]t xtrbf8qogxaooadg]’ fn,j gs^Qkg,qkl5]k 8yf1kgl[8yf8jk’MD @D g/ydcv[ c]t xtrbf8qogxaooadg]’s^YodkortoaoD #D g/ydcv[ c]t xtrbf8qosôY dyo26,g2nvpF 7hk,to5fF s^vds^;’c,jp’y F gl]u-t-kp c]t 8yfwrla’7q,D $D 7q[7hklt,k7q, s^n z6dleraogxao,yflt|yflt|q,da[7qovaomtrko,kola’7q,D c[[czofe]q’-u;yfmugj xaoryfwr|hk1hkodq;fja’djk;0hk’gmy’oUF -k;|5,j py’lk;ma’s^kp 7;osûdg;Ao.shwd 1jkwfh4ngvqkgxaoc[[1jk’D 7;omuj9trkdrPovqfmqolhk’8qogv’.shgxao7qo fu,lu oy mevt]yptmevaofu’k, .shdkpgxao7qoz6mh ,ju mu ’a 7;k,I67h ;k,lk,kflts^kflts^P; c]t ,ul05 trk[g0A,c0’D dhk7yf.omk’mu4j dn 8hv’F dhkgIaf.oly’j mufj ,u xu t3spfF dhkg;qkh .oly’j mugj xao7;k, 9y’ ,ugsf,uzqo c]t lhk’lao grkt;jk7;k,fuoAolhk’pkdd;jk7;k,-q;j 7e[6Ikogryoj g;Qk;jkG <7;k,fu/’a w;hgdQklvd 7;k,-q;j -advvdgdQk;k< g-y’j \kp7;k,;jk7qogIqkgIaf7;k,fugvqkw;h 1jk’,tsklko c8jd[= +7vj p9t,u7oq co,gsao c]t [+wfhI[a dkophv’p=gmqkj mu7j ;o 7n;kj 7;k,fuooA 4nd/a’g]ydw;hgdQklvdD lj;o7;k,-q;j oAo;jkc8jgIaf]q’wx 9t|hvp s^n s^kp 9t-hk s^n w; d=f’a dhv’ wxmq;j [hkomq;j g,nv’3]fG 7;k,-q;j -advvdgdQk;kD fa’j oAoF r;dgIqkm5d7qo7;orkdrPolhk’c8j 7;k,fu c]t ly’j mugj xaoxt3spf grkt,uc8jrt]a’csj’7;k,fugmqkj oAo mu9j t-j;pgIaf.shla’7q,16j g1aogxaol5d c]t gIaf.sh3]doU,uIvppY,16.j oIq,j g’qk c]t vkpv5oj csj’lao8yrk[wfhD X7af9kd;k]tlko <;afmtotme< lt[a[mu @$ { @WW)F |hk @(?. 20.

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(27) X7af9kd;k]tlko 3-dfu lt[a[mu )F |hk !${!&?. 23. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. rtpkokdF 4hko5’j lufP;dao \kpg4y’dko]q[]6j [+g7qk]q[ c]t 9td+.shgdufvao8t]kpwfhD g;Qk ltgrktlu 7qoltw\djvo8jk’phv,glAow\le]a[8Os6dfh;pgxnvdw,hF Ikdw,h c]t cdjow,h c]t [k’lud=,k9kdc,’w,hg-aoj G lucf’9kd7a’j F lu2hkoyo9kd\=hshv, \=hoyoF gs^nv’9kdIkdcIj, g7nvg0F luclf9kd\kdclfDDD g4y’;jkxaf95[oa z67h oq 9tg]nvd.-hlgu 7,upvh ,/hkp grnvj 7;k,w; c]t wfhs^kplulao c8jdkooegvqkgxnvdw,hF Ikdw,hF .[w,h,koe.-h.odkophv,/hkpd=pa’7q’xt8y[af16Dj lYo [+\kpc8jrP’;jk o5’j grnvj 7;k,’k, c]t grnvj IadlkIuf7v’xtgrou;fa mtotme0v’ -kfgmqkj oAoF c8jlYopa’gxaolnjcsj’7;k,Iadvaofug]uf]ts;jk’z6h,v[ c]t z6hIa[ g-y’j mjkook’ ;P’7e oaomt;q’f;’lu z6h-jP;-kofhkodko8Oduj8A’m5dc[[ wfh[aopkp]q’.oxB,lYo c]t c,jp’y ]k;;jkG <]6ds^ko,v[lYo.shzgh6 4Qkz6ch dj c]t z6vh k;53ld;jk grnvj ltcf’7;k,g7qk]q[oa[4nF ,v[lYo.shgrnjvoI5jofP;dao grnjvln[lko,yf8trk[F z6h-kp,v[lYo.shrao]tpk s^n py’lk; grnvj [vdIad9kdsq;.9<D fa’j oAoF 4hkmjko7yf9tg]nvd0v’0;ao.f|b’j le]a[z6gh xaoc,jF grnvj olk;F ]6dlk; s^n s^kolk; dko,v[lYo4ngxao0v’0;aomurj yglfmulj 5fle]a[r;dg0qkD.

(28) rkdmu. II. dko0Po}safc8j’. [qfmu # dkogda [ de0= h , 6 o 9kdcs^ j ’ 7;k,I6 h 8 j k ’M ! D 7;k,\kp0v’cs^j’7;k,I6h. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. cs^’j 7;k,I6h s^n cs^’j ;ymtpkdko \kpg4y’ cs^’j mu1j j6 s^n cs^’j Iy[3I, s^n lt4komu.j sh[]= dy ko .odko7qho7;hk7;k,I6h8kj ’Mcdjz6hlqo.9mq;j wxD cs^’j 7;k,I6h,uma’mugj xao[5d7qoF lt4komuFj ;af45 c]t mugj xao-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf c]t ly’j c;f]hv,D cs^’j 7;k,I6mh gju xao[5d7qog-aoj G 76vk9koF mjko\=F 8es^;f sn^ z6-h Pj ;-ko8jk’Mmu,j 1u .j6 omhv’4yoj oaoh Mgxao8qoh D cs^’j 7;k,I6mh guj xaolt4komugj -aoj G s=lt\5fF s=ryrymtraoF l;olafF 3I’\= s^n lt4koxtdv[ dko8jk’M gxao8qoh D. cs^’j 7;k,I6mh gju xao-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf c]t ly’j c;f]hv,g-aoj G r6zkxjkw,hF c,jokh= ]eggxao8qoh D. @ D xtgrf0v’cs^j’7;k,I6h cs^’j 7;k,I6mh 9uj t.-h.odkolbdlk7qoh 7;hk,us^;’s^kpg-aoj G !? s=lt\5f g-y’j ,uma’0v’mk’dko c]t 0v’gvdt-qo 24.

(29) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. @? shv’vjkoxB, #? cs^’j gvdtlko8jk’M $? s=ryrymtrao8jk’M &? lt4kom6f *? ;af (? mtok7ko )? [=]ylafF shk’IhkoF lt4komuxj tdv[dko8jk’M vkf,ugvdtlkogzupczj _? cs^’j 7;k,I6h s^n gxaocs^’j 7;k,I6hg-y’j lk,kflbdlkrkdxt8y[afwfhcmhM !W? lnu,j ;o-qoxtgrf8jk’Mg-aoj G |a’lnry,F ;ymtp5F 3m]trk[ gxao8qhoD !!? ;ymtpkdvo7n z6mh ,uj u7;k,I6.h og]nvj ’oaoh M3fpdq’D !@? cs^’j 7;k,I63h fpdq’ltgrktg]nvj ’g-aoj G 8hv’dkolbdlk;ymdu ko]hP’wdjroa d=vkf9twx [jvo]hP’3fpdq’ s^n 8hv’dkolbdlksk7;k,I6h9kd8q;9y’ c]t z6h]hP’ g-y’j 4n;kj gxao ;ymtpkdvoo=kD !#? cs^j’7;k,I6h-qj;7k;7n lt4komuj9af’komuj.sh7;k,I6h.ow]ptg;]k.fg;]k|bj’g-ajoG dko;k’ltcf’zqo’kofhko;y-kdkogrnvj ltgsû,lts^v’;aole7ao8jk’MD. # D xt3spf0v’cs^j’7;k,I6h. cs^’j 7;k,I6h8kj ’M ,uxt3spffa’j ouhG !? gxaocs^’j m;o7nogru,j g8u,7;k,I67h ;k,7yf @? gxaocs^’j m;o7no[=.j shgdufdko]n,dkovjko #? lhk’oyfwlIaddkovjko dkolbdlk7qoh 7;hksk7;k,I6.h shd[a 8qogv’9qo8ts^vf-u;fy grnvj .shgxaoz6mh Iju v[I6Dh $? -jvprafmtok75ootrk[-u;fy .ofhko8jk’Mg-aoj G dkogIaf;PdF dkofe]q’-u;fy 7v[7q;F dkolbdlkgru,j g8u,D &? glu,lhk’7;k,leraoda[z6hvnoj X,u,to5flerao?. $ D 7;k,9egxao.odko7qho7;hk ,to5fgxaoz6mh lju db lksk7;k,I61h 8j6 ts^vf-u;fy grnvj rafmtok75ootrk[-u;fy .shf0u ohb [+;kj 9t g0qkh IPo.olt4k[aodkolbdlk s^n [+g0qkh IPoF m5d7qod=9egxaomu9j t8hv’7qoh 7;hk 8hv’sk7;k,I61h j6 8ts^vfg;]kD lj;omu9j tI6ch ]h;gda[ s^n I6ch ]h;0tspkp7;k,I68h w+ xd=c]h;c8jD fa’j oaoh F m5d7qo9b’j 8hv’ 7qoh sk7;k,I68h ts^vfg;]kgrnvj -u;yfmu,j u7o5 otrk[D 25.

(30) & D s=lt\5f &D! 7;k,\kp0v’s= l t\5 f. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. s=lt\5f \kpg4y’cs^’j 7;k,I6mh Iuj y[3I,xb,h F |a’lnF gvdtlkoF ly’j ry, c]t ;af45vx5 tdvo 8jk’M g-yj’]h;oc8jc,jo-a[lyofhkoxaopkvaogxao7;k,I6h7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadxkfvk9koF xaopk-qo c]t z6,h 7u ;k,I6mh ’a s^kpF 7;k,vjvo-hvp’qf’k,0v’;aoot7tfuvoa gxaoly’j xtma[ c]t -k[-B’.9 7;k,8noj g8Ao,tsaflt9ao.oly’j .\jMcxdMF 7;k,grufgruovk]q,c[[,u;fa mtotme .og]nvj ’]k;vaog\ktlq,da[7;k,,ad g-y’j lt|v’7;k,8hv’dko1kdI6h1kdgsao0v’7qom5d grfw;D fa’j oAoF s=lt\5f ovd9kd9tgxao[jvoIy[3I,Iadlkw;h g-y’j ,=]tfqdcsj’lt8yxaopkdko lbdlkF ;ymtpklkfF ;afmtotmeF ly]txt;aoot7tfuc]h;F pa’gxaoIkd4ko.odkolhk’7;k,gxao xbdczjoc|ho|k0v’la’7q,8+wxrkp|hkvudfh;pD. &D@ 75 o xt3spf0v’s= l t\5 f s=lt\5f ,u75oxt3spf1jk’s^;’s^kp8+z6h-q,.-h grkt;jkshv’lt\5f,u;af45xtlq’fa’j ouhG { s=lt\5fgxaocs^’j grnvj dkolbdlkIOIPo0v’x;’-qo 3fp[+9ecodgrfw; c]t rNo4ko 7;k,I6hvkf9tg;Qkwfh;jks=lt\5fxP[g\nvo8ts^kf;y-k7;k,I6h mujz6hlqo.9lk,kf g]nvd.-hwfhD 26.

(31) { {. s=lt\5fgxao[jvolt|v’7;k,1kdI61h kdgsao0v’7qogIqk [+;kj g]nvj ’ohvp s^n g]nvj ’.spjD s=lt\5fgxaocs^j’lbdlk7Qo7;hk;y-kdko.oc8j]tlk0k;y-k.shg]ydg-yj’ grnjv7;k, dhk;|hk.olk0k;y-koAoM8+wxD { s=lt\5fgxao[jvork.sh7oq gduf,u7;k,r=.9F 7;k,,j;o-noj vvo-vo.oly]txtdko0Po c]t leo;orklk0v’oad0Pooadc8j’D { s=lt\5fgxao[jvoradzjvo1jvo.9 c]t [jvo.-hg;]k;jk’.shgxaoxt3spfD { s=lt\5fgxaocs^j’.shxt3spf1jk’s^;’s^kp8+z6h-vdltcs;’sk7;k,I6h grkt;jk dkoIPo9kd3I’IPo 9kd76vk9ko vkf[+rP’r=d[a 7;k,8hv’dko s^n s^da dko8jk’M mugj Iqkvkfoe,k.-h8;q 9y’ c]t \6o.-h.o-u;fy xt9e;aoD fa’j oAoF 9b’j 8hv’wfh7oQ 7;hk c]t -vdI6fh ;h p8qogv’4n;kj le7ao c]t d=,su k^ p;ymdu kog-aoj G 9kdxtlq[dko.og;]kxt8y[fa ;Pd’koF 9kddkolv[4k,8q;9y’ c]t 9kd[5d7qovhv,0hk’8n,j vudD &D# ,k]tpkf.odko.-h s = l t\5 f. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. s=lt\5fgxao[jvolbdlkIOIPo lt4komufj a’j djk;9t8hv’gxao[jvolts’q[xklt9kdlP’ ]q[d;ogduo7;oD ltoAoF z6mh 9ju tg0Qk.-hsl= t\5f 9t8hv’,u,k]tpkfmufj [u +;kj dkowx,kF xkdg;QkF o5’j 4n8ts^vfg4y’dko.-hxB, c]t v5xtdvo8jk’M0v’s=lt\5fF z6hmugj 0Qk.-hs=lt\5f8hv’xt8y[af fa’j oUG !? djvog0qhks=lt\5f oadIPo8hv’;k’4q’ XdtgxJqk? c]t gvqkly’j mu9j egxaog-aoj G xkddkF l=F g9hp0k; c]t -a[lyomu,j u7kj g0Qkwxoegmqkj oAoD @? [+d+.shgduf7;k,]e7ko s^n gIaf.sh,ulP’fa’.os=lt\5fD #? [+7;ooegvqkvksko s^n g0Qk|q,,kdyo.os=lt\5f grkt;jkovd9kd9tlhk’7;k,]e 7ko.shz6hvnjoc]h; pa’gIaf.shxB,vjkogxNvoma’gxaolyj’-adoe.sh,qfF c,’lk[,kme ]kpxB,wfhD $? dko9a[xB,9kd4hkoxB,7;o9a[dk’laoxB, c]h;oe,kvjko163j 8tle]a[.shvkj o g-y’j 9t [+gxaodkoduf0;k’mk’z6hvnoj F g;]kgxyfxB,7;o]t,af]t;a’ grnvj [+.shp+ s^n 0kfD &? dko1n, c]t lqj’xB,7;oxt8y[af.sh4nd8hv’8k,]t[P[F [+7;o1n,xB,gduodeoqf grkt9tgIaf.shzvh6 ojn 7v’7vp.-hx,B mu1j ,n wxoAoD 4hkskdvjkoc]h;djvodeoqf d=7;ooewx lq’j djvodeoqf 3fp[+xtw;h9qog4y’,Ndeoqflq’j grktmk’s=lt\5f9twfhoewx[=]ydko z6vh onj muj 8hv’dko.-hxB,gs^,A oAo8+wxD. 27.

(32) *? dko,hPo38tF 8a’j sâ’9kd.-h38tvjkoxB, g,nvj ]5d9kd8a’j oa’j vjkoxB, 7;oles^;fg[y’j ;jk8qogv’wfhxtly’j 0v’vao.fmu[j g+ xao]t[P[.lj38tvjkoxB, sn^ [+ c]t 7;og]nvj o8a’j lvf w;hdvh ’38t8k,xqddt8yD (? djvo9tvvds=lt\5f .shg9Qk|hkmudj ;fg[y’j ;jkxB,gIqkoevvdwxoAowfh,udko1n,IP[ Ihvp s^n [+F [+7;ooegvqkxB,F ;k]tlko s^n -a[lq,[af0v’s=lt\5fvvdwx 3fp[+wfh Ia[vto5pkf1jk’gfaf0kfD. * D dkogda[de0=h,6o9kdcs^j’7;k,I6h8jk’M *D! dkogda[de0=h,6o9kds=lt\5f. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. s=lt\5f c,jo[jvoIy[3I,7;k,I68h kj ’Mw;h1kj ’s^;’s^kp.om5d;y-kvk-u[D ltoAoF dkog0Qkwx 7Qo7;hkvjkoxB,grnvj gda[de0=h,6o.os=lt\5f3fpdkovjkoxB,xtgrfmu.j sh7;k,I6h c]t 0jk;lko g-aoj G 8e]k;y-kdkoF xB,lk]t7tfuF |a’lnry, gxao8QoD dkogda[de0=h,6o16sj =lt\5foAo oadIPo9t8hv’,u7;k,I6hdPj ;da[ly’j 8jk’M .odkosk0=h,6o 7;k,I69h kds=lt\5foAolkdjvo7n8vh ’I6lh ’yj 8+wxoUG *D@ dko-vdskxB , 9kd[a f ]kpdko. grnvj 7;k,ltf;d;jv’w;.odkog0Qkwxg4y’ 0=,h o6 mu8j oq 1kdwfh.os=lt\5f oadIPo7;oI6dh Pj ; da[ <[af]kpdko<D s=lt\5fm5d[jvo9t9af86h [af]kpdkow;h16[j vj og-y’j z6hg0Qkwxoe.-h9tgsaowfh -afg9oD 86h[af]kpdko9t[ao95[af]kpdko w;h # xtgrf7n <[af-njg]njv’<F <[af-nzj 6hc8j’< c]t <[afsq;g]nvj ’< IP’8k,]efa[8q;vadlvo 3fp9t0Povadlvow;h1.6j o]Uo-adD *D# ;ymudko9af]t[q[xB, dko9afxB,.os=lt\5f 9t,udko9afw;hgxao\;f\j6 grnvj ltf;d.odko7Qo7;hk g-y’j lj;os^kp 9t9afxB,8k,]t[q[mqfltoypq,0v’fy;;u XDewey? 7nIP’]efa[9kd \;f WWW wx9qog4y’ _WWD g,nvj 8hv’dkoxB,F I6h-znj 6hc8j’ s^n -nxj B, gxufg[y’j [af]kpdko g,nvj rq[[afmu8j hv’dko9qf]kpdko[af c]t g]d\;f\6mj xju kdqf16cj 9gmy’g[Nv’-hkp0v’[af pjk’wxskxB,8k,g]d\;f\6wj fh1mj6 -ju oA xB,D *D$ dkogda[de0=h,6o9kdlnj,;o-qo gIqk9t8hv’I6h;kj ln,j ;o-qoxtgrf.fmu.j sh0=h,6o0jk;lko7;k,I6hmu4j ndda[7;k,9y’ g-nvj 4nwfh ;jv’w;mao8+gsfdkoD dkoIa[0jk;lko7;oxP[mP[0=,h o6 muwj fh9kdln,j ;o-qoxtgrffP;daoc]h; 9b’j sk0=hlts^5[];,D 28.

(33) ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. ! ??dkogda dkogda[de0=h,6o9kd|a’lnry, .o|hk|a’lnry, r;dgIqklk,kfg]nvdvjko0jk;lko 3fpltgrktc,jo0jk;xt9e;aoF 0jk;8jk’xtgmfF lk]t7tfuF [qf7;k, c]t 7=]evnoj MD .odkogda[de0=h,6o9kd|a’lnry,7;oI6h ;jk|a’lnr,y lt[a[.f.sh7;k,I6xh tgrf.fcfjF goNv.o0v’0jk;lkoc8j]txtgrf16| j kh .f0v’|a’ lnry, grnvj 9twfhgxufvjkowfh4nd8hv’ c]t ;jv’w;D @ ??dkogda dkogda[de0=h,6o9kd;ymtp5 ;ymtp5gxaocs^’j 7;k,I6hvudcs^’j |b’j D ltoAoF dkomugj Iqk9tIa[2a’0jk;lko9kd;ymtp5oAo 9t8hv’8yf8k,2a’gxaoxqddt8y grnvj .shwfh0=h,6o0jk;lkomugj xaoxaf95[aoD .o0totmu2j a’ d=7;o,u dko[aombd.osq;0=mh gju Iqk8hv’dkoD # ??dkogda dkogda [ de0= h , 6 o 9kd3m]trk[ 3m]trk[gxaocs^’j 7;k,I6hmu,j uvyfmyrqos^kp.oxaf95[ao ovd9kd9twfh2a’lP’c]h; pa’ lk,kfgsaoI6[rk[wfhvudfh;p g-yj’gIaf.shgxao|hklqo.91jk’pyj’D ]kpdkomuj,ulk]t7;k, I6h8kj ’Md=,us^;’s^kpD ltoAoF z6hm8uj hv’dkogda[de0=h,6o7;k,I6hd=8hv’wfh8yf8k,D $ ??dkogda dkogda[de0=h,6o9kdshv’vjkoxB, shv’vjkoxB,16[j k’3I’IPo ,u9f5 xtlq’7ndoa da[s=lt\5f grnvj 8hv’dko.shoda IPowfhldb lk sk7;k,I6Dh dko9afxB,[+wfh9fa 8k,]t[q[fy;;u gonvj ’9kdxB,,u|vh pd;jkD fa’j oAoF oadIPod=7;o -j;pdaog[y’j cp’Iadlk c]t 9af;k’xB,.shgxao]t[P[IP[Ihvp sâ’9kdwfhlbdlk7Qo7;hk c]t gda[de0=,h o6 9kdxB,oAoc]h;D & ??dkogda dkogda[0h=,6o9kdvyog8ugoaf vyog8ugoaf c,jolngj vg]ad38ioyd-toyf|b’j g-y’j de]a’.-hcrjs^kp16.j o3]dxaf95[oa D vyog8ugoaf gxaodkolnlj komu;j vj ’w;3fpdkoIa[ c]t 4jkpmvf0=,h o6 0jk;lkozjko;q’9vo gvg]ad38ioyd c]t ]t[q[w22hkD dkogda[de0=,h o6 9kdvyog8ugoafgxaovudmk’g]nvd|b’j muoj da IPolk,kfg]nvdIa[0=,h o6 zjkolnj xtgrfoU 3fp.-h7v,ry;g8ug-nvj ,8+g7nv0jkpvyog8ugoaf c]h;8yf8+g0Qkl6]j t[q[g7nv0jkp g;a[w-muj 8hv’dkog-aoj G g;a[w-0v’|a’lnry,xt-k-qoG http://www.pasaxon.org.la/. g;a[w-0v’0jk;lkoxtgmf]k;G http://www.kpl.net.la/ 29.

(34) http://www.vientianemai.net. g;a[w-0v’dt-;’lbdlkmydko c]t dy]kG http://www.moe.gov.la. 30. ສະ ສ. ຫງວ ວ. ສ ນລຂິ ະສ ດິ. g;a[w-0v’|a’lnr,y ;P’9ao.\jG.

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