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HAL Id: inria-00072770

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072770

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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A Finite Buffer Fluid Queue Driven by a Markovian Queue

Bruno Sericola

To cite this version:

Bruno Sericola. A Finite Buffer Fluid Queue Driven by a Markovian Queue. [Research Report]

RR-3883, INRIA. 2000. �inria-00072770�

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ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--3883--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

A Finite Buffer Fluid Queue Driven by a Markovian Queue

Bruno Sericola

N˚3883

Février 2000

THÈME 1

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Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LÈS NANCY

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex

Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex

Éditeur

INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)

ISSN 0249-6399

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