• Aucun résultat trouvé

A Robust Technique to Recognize Objects in Images, and the DB Problems it Raises

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "A Robust Technique to Recognize Objects in Images, and the DB Problems it Raises"

Copied!
31
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00072552

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072552

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub-

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,

A Robust Technique to Recognize Objects in Images, and the DB Problems it Raises

Laurent Amsaleg, Patrick Gros

To cite this version:

Laurent Amsaleg, Patrick Gros. A Robust Technique to Recognize Objects in Images, and the DB Problems it Raises. [Research Report] RR-4081, INRIA. 2000. �inria-00072552�

(2)

ISRN INRIA/RR--4081--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

A Robust Technique to Recognize Objects in Images, and the DB Problems it Raises

Laurent Amsaleg , Patrick Gros

N˚4081

Novembre 2000

THÈME 3

(3)
(4)

,/0 2143 5768:9;+-#< ,

=?>A@BDCFE&GIHJLKD>NMOCFPQSRUTV>AGDBDWYX[Z]\^B`_aKcb

dfehgjiklmonqpsrtk`uwvFxyrwz|{FpIeh{Fi}ikj~Oi%vx<e€z|phkF

z‚i%v„ƒFk`…`‡†h{phphˆ`k`…`hx{Fphp€v„z‰…w…tvp€xkD…

Š'uw{„‹Œkjrw…dkjiz‰xj…kjr;?z‰…Œr<v

Ž;vhA{Fur;†‘k8uwk`x<e€kju<x<ehk’p“„”s•–€—m™˜;{[šFkji›€utk8œ„•F••m0œFž€v„ƒFk`…

ŸI ¢¡`£j¤[¥h¦£§ nqp¨rtehk%x{Fpsrtk©‡r{„ªfx{psrwkjpsr~«›€v…tk`†^z|i%v„ƒFk¬uwkrwutz‚kjš[v­®ª¯uw{i°­‰v„uwƒk†hv[r<v„›€vF…kD…jNrwuwvF†‘z±~

rwz|{Fp€v„­…t²‡…rtk`i%…;rŒ²‡hz‰xjv­|­‚²Sx{ih³hrtkvI…tz|phƒF­|k†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fu?Nkjuz‚ivƒk›Av…tk`†Sª¯{Fu´kj©hv„ih­‚k{p¨x{­‚{u

e€z‚…rt{Fƒu<v„i%…jµdfehkuwk`…t³h­±rf{„ªv¶F³€kjuw²%z‚…fz‚p:ƒkjp€kju<v„­Artehk8z‚i%v„ƒkD… ·eh{F…tkV†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…vutk´rte€kx­‚{F…tk`…r

rw{}rtehk8†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuf{„ª&rwehk¶s³hkjuw²%z|i%vƒkµ'¸‡²‘…rtk`i… ›h³€z|­|rrtehz‰…f·fvc²¹v„uwkVv›h­|kVrw{¬uwkrw³hutpz‚ivƒkD…ºrwe€v[r

vutkIƒ­‚{›€v­|­‚²»…tz‚i}z‚­‰v„urw{^rwehk¶s³hk`ut²»z‚ivƒkF¢›€³‘rx`v„p¼p€{„r¬uwkrw³huwp¼z|i%vƒk`…rte€v„r}xj{psrwvz|p¾½j¿„ÀÁS¿Â

Ã¯Ä Á¿ÅÇÆjÁwÈ

Ã

½?rteAv[rv„uwk?z‚p¹rte€kV¶s³hk`ut²Fµ¢ŽkDxk`pFrv†hšcvp€xkD…'z‚pIz‚i%v„ƒk´huw{‡xjk`…w…z‚phƒ8rwk`x<ehp€z‚¶s³hkD…j‡eh{[· kjšFkjuD

i%vÉkVrtehz‰…;N{F…w…tz|›h­‚k8›‡²xj{ih³‘rwz|phƒ%­‚{‘xjv­®†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rt{Fuw… rwe€v[r?vutk8· kj­‚­®…t³hz±rwk`†ª¯{u´†‘krwk`xyrwz|p€ƒI…z‚iz|­‰v„u

{F›‘‹Œk`xrw…8z‚pÊz‚ivƒkD…jµ^Ë´›‡šsz‚{³A…­‚²^N{[·k`uª¯³h­Ortehz‰…8̀p€k~«ƒu<v„z‚p¨z‚i%v„ƒk%uwk`xj{ƒFphz±rwz|{FpÊv„­‰…{Sx<e€vphƒkD…rtehk

·fvc²}rtehkVuwkrtuwz‚kjš[v„­ahuw{‘xk`…w…z‚… Nkjutª¯{uwi}kD†Í¢z|p€…rtkDv†I{„ª¢…t³h›hiz|rrwz|phƒv}…z‚phƒ­‚k¶F³€kjuw²¬rw{¬uwkrwutz‚kjšFk´…tz|i}~

z‚­‰v„u;z‚i%v„ƒkD…jAi³h­|rtz‚h­‚k¶s³hkjuwz‚k`…;i¬³€…r?›Ak¬…³h›€i}z|rrwk`†Nrwehkjz‚u?€vurwz‚v­&uwk`…t³h­±r<…;N{F…r~«huw{‡xjk`…w…kD†I›Nkª¯{Futk

†hkj­‚z|šFkjuwz|phƒrte€kvp€…t·k`u`µ}dfehz‚…€v„NkjuV̀u<…Œr8huwk`…tkjpsr<…VvªÇvi}z‚­‚²^{„ªf­|{‘x`v„­U†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rt{Fuw…´rteAv[r…³€hA{Fur

ÌAphk~«ƒu<v„z‚pÊz|i%vƒkIuwk`xj{ƒFphz±rwz|{Fp&µ¼Ë´³hurwk`x<ehp€z‚¶s³hkz‚…}uw{›h³A…ŒrD͹z±r%†‘kjrtk`xrw……tz|iz‚­‚vu¬{F›‘‹Œk`xrw…¬z|pÎx{­‚{u

z‚i%v„ƒFk`…†hk`…thz±rwk{Futz‚kjpsr<v[rtz‚{p¼x<eAv„phƒFk`…ϯuw{„rwv„rtz‚{pÊ{ª?{›‘‹ŒkDxyr<…wЁUrtu<v„p€…t­‰v[rtz‚{pA…juwk`…t{­‚³‘rtz‚{p¼x<e€vphƒkD…j

z‚­‚­|³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{Fp^š[v„uwz‚v„rtz‚{p€…`€vp€†S€vurwz‚v­®{‘xjxj­|³€…tz‚{p€…`µ;Ñ^v„p‡²i³h­|rtz|~q†‘z|ik`p€…z‚{pAv„­®z‚p€†‘kj©‘k`…;eAvcšk›Nkjk`p

€ut{FA{s…kD†rt{:…NkjkD†‡~O³€^rte€k¬uwkrwutz‚kjš[v„­¢huw{‘xk`…w…`µVdfehkD…k}z‚p€†‘k©‘kD…jaeh{[· kjšFkjuDAe€vcšFk›Nkjkjp»i{F…rt­‚²S†‘k~

…tz‚ƒphkD†%ª¯{ufv„pA†Ik`šcv­|³Av[rtkD†IvƒFv„z‚p€…rz‚i%v„ƒkV†hv[r<v„›€vF…kD…º·e€kjuwk´kDvx<eIz‚i%v„ƒFk?z‰… †hk`…wxuwz|›Nk`†I›s²v¬…tz|p€ƒ­‚k

†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{uDµ;Ò¾ehz‚­|krtehz‰…V€v„NkjuV†‘{‡k`…´ph{„rVhuwk`…tkjpsr´v„p‡²:phk`·’z|p€†hk©‘z|p€ƒ…wx<ehkjikNz|rV…teh{[·;…rwe€v[rVrtehk

rwehuwkjki{F…r'kÓ¹xz‚kjpsr'z‚p€†‘kj©‡z‚phƒrwk`x<ehphz‰¶s³hk`…ɇph{[·p}rw{‡†€vc²v„uwk…Œrwz|­‚­hrw{s{…t­‚{[·¼rt{8›Nk³€…tk`†}z‚p%huwvFxyrwz‚xjk

·z|rte:­‚{‘xjv„­&†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<… ›AkDxjv„³A…k{„ªrtehkx<eAv„phƒFk`…fz‚pIrwehk8utkjrtuwz|k`š[v„­huw{‘xk`…w…`µ

ÔSÕsÖa×wØÙ ¤[Ú¢¡§ uw{›h³A…Œr;ÌAphk~«ƒu<v„z‚pSz|i%vƒkuwk`xj{ƒp€z±rwz|{Fp&hi³€­±rwz|ik`†hz‚vIz|p€†hk©‘z|p€ƒ€Ni³h­|rtz‰†‘z‚i}k`p€…tz|{Fp€v„­

z‚p€†‘kj©‘z|phƒA‘z|i%vƒk8†hv[r<v„›€vF…kD…j‘xj{psrtk`pFrt~O›Av…tk`†¹uwkrwutz‚kjš[v­Y‘­‚{‘xjv„­&†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…

ۉÜÝtÞ«ß`àfÝá¢â‚Þ«ãOäå

æºçAèjécêìë„íUî‘íïêìðŒñòDó¯ô&óÇõ`ö¨÷aøù¢ôõ

ú

çAèjécêìë„íûêìñYüOýDòcó¯ô&óÇõ`öþ÷øù¢ôõ

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes

(5)

/#j+-, .: (96¢8:9;+- :,®#/2/ #2 9,

¨

¡ § k`…U…t²‡…rtg`ik`…¢Ak`utikjrrwvpsr­‰vVutkDx<ehkju<x<ehk †z‚i%v„ƒFk€vu­|kx{Fpsrtkjp‡³}xjv„­‰x³€­|k`pFrUƒFˆjphˆ`uwv­|kj~

ik`pFr³hp…tkj³h­Fkr®³hp€z‚¶s³hk †‘k`…wxuwz|hrtkj³€u&€v„u®z|i%v„ƒFkD€v„uk©‘kjih­‚kº…tkj­‚{p8³hp8e€z‚…rt{Fƒu<v„iik'†‘kºx{F³h­‚kj³hu<…jµ

v:utˆ`A{Fp€…tkS³hphkIz|psrtk`utuw{ƒsv[rwz|{Fp¨kD…ŒrrŒ²‡hz‰¶s³hkjik`pFr}x{iN{F…tˆjk¹†‘kD…z‚i%v„ƒkD…†‘kI­‚vS›Av…tk¹†‘{psr­‚k`…

†hk`…wxuwz|‘rwkj³hu<… …{FpFr­‚k`… h­‚³€……tz|iz‚­‚vz|uwk`… †‘k8xk`­|³hz&†hkV­z|i%v„ƒFk´uwk`¶s³jrtkFµkVrŒ²‡Nk†hkV…t²‘…ŒrwgjikAk`utikr

†hk8utkjrtuw{³hšFkjufv„³S…k`z|pS†³hphk8ƒFuwvp€†‘kV›€v…tk­|kD…z‚ivƒkD…¶F³€z®…{FpsrfƒF­|{F›€v„­‚kjik`pFr;…tz|iz‚­‚vz|uwk`…­z‚i%v„ƒFk

uwk`¶s³jrtkFi%v„z‰…%phkþAk`utikr¹Av…¹†‘kþutkjrtuw{³hšFkju%†‘k`…¹z|i%v„ƒFk`…i{psrwuwvpFr¹xjkjutrwv„z‚p€…%{F›‘‹Œkr<…¹x{Fpsrtkjp‡³€…

†€v„p€…8­z|i%v„ƒFkutkD¶F³rtkFµd{³‘rwkª¯{Fz‚…`®­‚k`…vcš[vp€xˆ`k`…uwˆ`xk`psrtk`…k`prtu<v„z|rtk`i}k`psr†z‚i%v„ƒFk%utk`p€†‘kjpsrxjkj­‰v

N{F…w…tz|›h­‚k¹š‡z‰vS­|kxjv­‚xj³h­†‘ki³h­|rtz‚h­‚k`…}†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rtk`³huw…­|{‘x`v„³‘©Ê¶s³hz …t{psr›€z|k`p v†hv‘rtˆD…:ªÇvz|uwkI†‘k­‚v

uwk`xj{phpAv„z‰…t…wv„p€xjk}†{F›‘‹Œkr<…†‘k¹ƒFuwvz|p»Ì€p®µ k¹rŒ²sNkI†‘kIutkDx{p€p€v„z‰…t…wv„pAxk%x<e€v„p€ƒk%›hz‚kjpʈ`šsz‰†‘k`i}ik`pFr

­‚k`…xjv„Avxz|rtˆD…†‘k%utkDx{Fphp€v„z‰…w…tvp€xk†³hpʅ²‘…rtgjikF®i%v„z‰…x<e€vphƒk%v„³A…t…tzUhuw{„ª¯{pA†‘ˆjikjpsr8­‰v:ivphz‚gjuwk

†h{psr­|kD…futkDx<ehkju<x<ehk`…f…k"!NkDxyrw³hkjpsr®Í'v³­‚z|k`³S†‘k8phk8…{F³hikrtrtuwk¶s³³hphk…tkj³€­|kuwk`¶s³rwkkr?†v[rtrtkjpA†‘utk

¶s³hkf­‚k;…²‘…rtg`i}kfuwkrw{³huwphkf­|kD…z|i%vƒk`…U…tz‚i}z‚­‰v„z‚utkD…j„†‘ki¬³h­|rtz‚h­|kD…Uuwk`¶s³rwk`…Uxj{p€…tˆ`xj³‘rtz‚škD…¢†h{z‚škjpsr#rwutk

…t{³€i}z‰…tk`…`skjr;³hphkhe€vF…k8†‘k8…t²‡pFrwehg`…tk8†‘k`…fuwˆ`…t³h­|rwv„rw… €v„utrtz‚kj­‰…†‘{Fz±r$rwutkk"!NkDxyrt³€ˆjk8vcš[v„psr;†‘kutk`p€†‘uwk

³€phk¹uwˆjN{p€…tkµ%kr¬vurwz‚xj­|k%huwˆ`…tkjpsrwk†v›A{Fuw†»³hphk¹ªÇv„iz|­‚­‚kI†‘kI†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rwkj³hu<…­|{‘x`v„³‘©¶F³€zºNkjuwi}kjr~

rwkjpsr¬†‘kIªÇv„z‚utk¹†hkI­‰vSutkDx{Fphp€v„z‰…w…tvp€xk}ut{F›h³€…rtkI†{F›‘‹Œkr<…†‘k¹ƒFuwvz|p»Ì€p8Í}z‚­‚…¬utkjrtuw{³hšFkjpsr†‘k`…{›‘‹Œkjrw…

…tz‚i}z‚­‰v„z‚utkD…8i%v„z‰…†‘{FpFr¬­‚vþA{s…z|rtz‚{p&­{Futz‚kjpsr<v[rtz‚{p®®­z‚­|­‚³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{Fp&U­|kIªÇvxrtkj³€u¬†ˆ`x<ehk`­|­‚kI†‘z&!agjuwkjpsr`µ

ŠUvufvz|­‚­‚kj³hu<…j‡†‘kph{Fi›huwkj³€…tk`…ºrtkDx<ehphz‰¶s³hk`…f†z|pA†‘k©hv[rwz|{FpIi¬³h­±rwz‚†hz|ikjpA…z‚{php€kj­‚­|kD…f{psr ˆjrtˆhuw{N{F…tˆjkD…

N{³€uvFxjxjˆj­‚ˆjuwkju¢­|kD…utkDx<ehkju<x<ehk`……³€u'†‘z‚…w¶s³hkµ#k`…z‚p€†‘kj©{psrˆrtˆfi%v[‹Œ{Futz|rwvz|uwkjik`pFrx{Fp'³€…¢kjrˆ`š[v„­‚³hˆ`…

†€v„p€…­‚k%x{psrwk©‡rtk%†‘k%›€vF…kD…8†z|i%v„ƒFk`…:†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rtk`³hu8³hphz‰¶s³hkµ)( z‚kjp¶F³€k¹xkrvurwz‚xj­|kphk%huwˆ`…tkjpsrwk

Av…f†‘kVph{³hšFk`v³I…tx<e€ˆji%v¬†z‚p€†‘kj©‘v„rtz‚{p&‡z‚­i{psrtuwkV¶s³hkV­‚k`…flik`z|­‚­|k`³huwk`…rtkDx<ehphz‰¶F³€k`…f†z|p€†hk©hv[rwz|{Fp

i¬³h­|rtz‰†‘z|ik`p€…z‚{p€phkj­‚­|kD…*­e€kj³huwk?vxrt³hk`­|­‚k?…t{psr'kjpAx{uwk›hz‚kjp%rwut{F­|k`pFrwk`…º­|{Fuw…w¶s³k`­|­‚k`…º…{FpFr'³hrtz‚­|z‰…ˆ`k`…

xj{p[‹Œ{Fz|psrwkjikjpsr;vcškDx´†‘kD…;†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rtk`³hu<…­‚{‘xjv³‘©µ

+ Ù £D¡ × ¦-, § uwk`x{Fphp€vz‚…w…tvp€xk´†z‚i%v„ƒFk`… ƒu<v„z‚p¹Ì€p®‘z|p€†hk©hv[rwz|{FpIi³€­±rwz|iˆ`†hz‚v€‘z|p€†hk©hv[rwz|{Fpi¬³h­±rwz‚†hz±~

ik`p€…z‚{p€phkj­‰…j‘›Av…tk`…†z|i%vƒk`…`‡utkDx<ehkju<x<ehkV€v„u­‚k8x{FpFrwkjp‡³&h†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rwkj³hu<…f­|{‘x`v„³‘©

(6)

Ã Ã Ã Ã¯Ä Ã

!

)N¬ ®6%/º

nqi%vƒk hut{‘xjk`…w…z‚phƒ´vp€†}†hv[r<v„›€vF…krtkDx<ehphz‰¶F³€k`…Uv„uwkrt{ƒFkrwehkjuuwk`¶s³hz‚utkD†8rt{›h³€z|­‰†}­‚vutƒFkx{Fpsrtkjpsrt~O›€vF…kD†

uwkrwutz‚kjš[v­´…t²‡…rtk`i%…jµ nqi%v„ƒk¨huw{‡xjk`…w…z‚phƒÊrwk`x<ehp€z‚¶s³hkD…vutk¨phkjkD†‘k`† rw{Lkj©‡rtu<vxyr³€…kjª¯³h­"Á½jÈ#$ % Ã

¿<½

ª¯uw{iz‚ivƒkD…jµ'&´k`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…vutkrŒ²‡hz‰xjv­|­‚²¨šFk`xrt{u<…8{ªfuwk`v­ºp‡³hi¬›Ak`uw…¬†‘k̀p€z|phƒþA{Fz|psrw…¬z‚p¼vSehz‚ƒe‘~

†hz|ikjpA…z‚{p€v­´…t€vxjkµ(&´k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…%k`p€x{‘†‘k¨z|p‘ª¯{Futi%v„rtz‚{p ª¯{³€p€†¾z‚p¾z|i%v„ƒFk`…`;v„p€†¾rtehk`²Îvutk^³A…kD†

†h³hutz‚phƒrte€k¹…kDv„u<x<eþhuw{‘xk`…w…`µdfe€k¹…z‚iz|­‰v„uwz±rŒ²S{ªrŒ· {:z|i%vƒk`…Vz‰…v…w…t³hik`†þrt{:›Ak%€ut{FA{Furwz|{Fp€v„­¢rt{

rwehk…z‚iz|­‰v„uwz±rŒ²:{ªUrtehk`z|u8†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…`N·ehz‚x<e¨z‚…Vik`vF…³€utkD†Sv…?rtehkSÏrŒ²‡hz‰xjv­|­‚²*)'³€xj­|z‰†‘k`vpA䆑z‚…rwvp€xk

›NkrŒ· kjk`prtehk´A{Fz|psr<…º†‘kj̀phk`†¹›s²¬rte€k´†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…`µ¢¸‘z|iz‚­‚vutz|rŒ²}…tk`vuwx<ez‰…Urwehkjuwkª¯{Futk;z‚ih­‚kjikjpsrtkD†¹v…

v}phkDv„uwk`…r~«phkjz‚ƒe‡›N{uf…kDv„u<x<eI{Fu;v…v,+c~Ou<v„phƒFk´…tk`vuwx<e·z±rwehz|p:rwehkVª¯k`v„rt³huwk…AvxkFµ

duwvF†‘z|rtz‚{p€v­?ikrweh{‘†h…ª¯{u:x{ih³hrtz‚phƒL†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…%z|pAx­‚³€†‘kx{­‚{uehz‰…Œrw{ƒu<v„i%…¹vp€†]xj{uwutk`­|{~

ƒFuwvi%…-¸h¸/.„”h10328Ñ546.sž87Oµ:dfehk`…tk¹…wx<ehkjik`…`®³A…kD†¨z‚p:9 ( n;-< (=<>46.”7«´z|u<v„ƒFk®{Fu?)U©hxjv­|z‚›h³hu#@c

rŒ²‡hz‰xjv­|­‚²¹x{Fih³‘rtk8vI½$ AB|Á†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{ufAk`uz|i%vƒkµºË´phk†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fu rtehk`utkjª¯{uwk´k`p€x{‘†‘kD…z‚p‘ª¯{Futi%v[~

rwz|{Fprte€v„r¬z‰…ƒF­|{F›€v„­'rt{^{FphkIz‚i%v„ƒkFµSnqprtehz‰…}x{psrwk©‡r`Ux{Fpsrtkjpsrt~O›€vF…kD†»utkjrtuwz|k`šcv­ºz‰…Nkjutª¯{uwik`†Êv[r

vSxj{Fvuw…tk~«ƒu<v„z‚pþ­‚kjšFkj­OÍrte€kI…²‘…rtk`i uwkrw³hutpA…rtehkIz|i%v„ƒFk`…rwe€v[r}v„uwkC|¿FÅEDʅtz|iz‚­‚vu8rt{:rwehk¶s³hk`ut²

z‚i%v„ƒFkµdfehk´…t²‘…Œrwkji#xjvp¹ph{„rf†‘krwk`xr`‡eh{[· kjšk`u`„rte€v„rºrŒ· {z‚ivƒkD…ºx{Fpsrwv„z‚p¹…tz|iz‚­‚vuº{›h‹Œk`xyr<…js›h³‘rv[r

†hz!akjuwkjpsr­‚{‘xjv„rtz‚{p€…`Fz‚p¹ª¯uw{psr {„ª®†‘z&!Nk`utk`psr ›€vFx<ɇƒuw{³hp€†€…j[ª¯uw{i#†‘z&!akjuwkjpsr š‡z‚kj·N{z‚psrw…{u†hz!akjuwkjpsrt­‚²

z‚­‚­|³hiz‚p€v[rwk`†µ¨d®{þvF†h†‘uwk`…w…rte€z‚…¬huw{›h­‚kji:i{‡†hkjuwpÊz|i%v„ƒFk%huw{‡xjk`…w…z‚phƒ:rwk`x<ehphz‰¶s³hk`…e€vcškIutkDxkjpsrw­|²

ª¯{‘xj³€…kD†¹{FpÌp€k~«ƒu<v„z‚p¹z|i%vƒkVutkDx{ƒFphz|rtz‚{p&µF<¢z|phkj~OƒFuwvz|pHG{Fu {F›‘‹Œk`xrIG¹uwk`xj{ƒp€z±rwz|{Fp¹z|pz‚ivƒkD…'rŒ²‡‘~

z‰xjv­|­‚²Suwk`¶s³hz‚utkD…;rw{xj{ih³‘rwk}i%vps²^†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…?Nkju8z‚i%v„ƒFkµdfehkD…k†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…Vv„uwk}{„ªrtk`p¨x`v„­‚­|kD†

‚¿`È6Á½jÈ#$ % Ã

¿<½¬›Nk`x`v„³€…tk{p€k†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rt{Fu;kjp€xj{‘†‘k`…?z|p‘ª¯{Futi%v„rtz‚{prte€v„r´z‰…;­‚{‘xjv„­®rt{IvþÏDžtiv­|­ÐvutkDv

{ª¢vpz‚i%v„ƒFkµnqpƒFkjphk`uwv­Yhvp{F›‘‹Œk`xrz|p:{p€kVz‚i%v„ƒFkVz‰…fuwkjhuwk`…tkjpsrtkD†I›‡²I…tkjšFkju<v„­†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…`µ

dfehk?̀u<…Œrxj{psrtuwz‚›h³‘rtz‚{p%{ªartehz‰…ºAv„Nkjuºz‰…Urwehk´†hk`…wxuwz|‘rwz|{Fp{„ª®v8ikrweh{‘†¹†‘kD…z‚ƒphkD†}ª¯{uUÌAphk~«ƒu<v„z‚p

z‚i%v„ƒFk%utkDx{ƒFphz|rtz‚{p¨rte€v„rz‚…šk`ut²¨ut{F›h³€…r8rt{þx<e€vphƒkD…z|pÊz‚i%v„ƒFk`…`µdfehz‰…ikjrteh{‘†Êx{Fih³‘rtkD…­‚{‘xjv„­

†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…Urwe€v[rv„uwk?· kj­‚­…³hz|rtkD†%ª¯{Fu †‘kjrtkDxyrtz‚phƒ…z‚iz|­‰v„u {›h‹Œk`xyr<…ºz‚pxj{­‚{u z|i%vƒk`… †‘kD…hz|rtkV{uwz‚kjpsrwv„~

rwz|{Fp¨x<e€vphƒkD…¬ÏÇut{rwv„rtz‚{p^{ªº{›‘‹ŒkDxyr<…wЁartu<v„p€…t­‚v„rtz‚{p€…`autkD…{F­|³hrtz‚{pþx<e€vphƒkD…jaz‚­|­‚³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{Fpþš[v„uwz‚v„rtz‚{p€…

vp€†}€v„utrtz‰v„­‘{‘x`x­‚³€…z‚{pA…jµÒ¾z±rwe%utkD…Nk`xrUrt{rte€kutk`ƒz‚{p‘~«›€v…tk`†z|i%vƒkfutkDx{Fƒphz|rtz‚{p…tx<e€kjikfhut{FA{s…kD†

›‡²»˜?v[r<…k`šaŽ;vF…Œrw{ƒzUvp€†Ê¸‡ehz‚iJ-˜?Ž?¸/.B.K7«{F³hu8ikrweh{‘†z‚…8uw{›€³€…Œrrw{Si}{Futk%x<e€vphƒkD…%ϯkFµƒAµ|®rtehk`z|u

vhhuw{FvFx<ez‰…Uph{„r'uw{›€³€…ŒrUrw{8ut{rwv„rtz‚{p€…¢{uºz|­‚­|³€i}z‚p€v„rtz‚{p%x<e€v„p€ƒk`…<Ðyz‚…Up€{„r'›€vF…kD†¬{Fpi³h­|rtz‚h­‚k;…­‚z‚†hz|phƒ

·z‚p€†‘{[·;…vp€†z‚…fph{r;›€v…tk`†{p·fvcškj­‚kr<… ·ehz‚x<eª¯{Fuwxjk?rwehk`…tk8·z|pA†‘{[·;… rt{›Nk…t¶s³€vutkj~«…te€v„Nk`†&µ

nqpʃFkjphk`uwv­Yz|ƒFph{uwz|p€ƒS{³hu†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…j®Ì€phkj~OƒFuwvz|p»z|i%vƒk¹uwk`xj{ƒp€z±rwz|{Fp¨z‚i€vxrw…8rwehk¹uwkrwutz‚kjš[v„­

x<eAv„z‚p%·ehkjpI…tk`vuwx<e€z|phƒª¯{Fu …tz‚i}z‚­‰v„uºz‚i%v„ƒFk`…`µ><¢z‚uw…r`sz±r z|pAxuwk`v…tk`…'rtehkV…zMLjk´{„ªrwehk´†hv„rwv›€v…tkÍnqp€…Œrwk`vF†

{ª¢…rt{Futz‚phƒ{phk8†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{ufAk`uz|i%vƒk‘i%vps²I{„ª¢rtehk`i(i³A…Œr›Nk…Œrw{uwk`†Iª¯{uk`vFx<ez‚i%v„ƒFkµUdfehk8…zMLjk

{ªArwehk;†hv„rwv„›Av…tk z‰…rŒ²‡hz‰xjv­|­‚²z‚p€xuwk`vF…kD†›‡²rŒ· {{u<†‘kjuU{ªNi%vƒphz|rt³€†hkµU¸‡k`xj{p€†Fz±rºx<eAv„phƒFk`…¢rte€k· vc²

…tz‚i}z‚­‰v„uUz‚ivƒkD…Uv„uwkf…tk`vuwx<e€k`†Í&nqpA…Œrwk`v†¬{„ª…tk`v„u<x<ehz‚phƒ´rtehk?†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…rte€v„rºv„uwkfxj­|{s…kfrw{Vrtehk;³€phz‚¶s³hk

¶s³hk`ut²†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{uÏYv…z|r?z‰…frte€kxjvF…k8·z|rte:ƒ­‚{›Av„­®†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…wЁ‡rtehk…t²‘…Œrwkji…Œr<v„utrw…f›‡²xj{ih³‘rwz|phƒ

v­|­€rtehk´†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…¢rteAv[r †hk`…wxuwz|›NkfrtehkV¶s³hkjuw²z‚i%v„ƒk;vp€†}rte€kjpI¶s³hk`utz‚k`…rwehk?†hv„rwv›€v…tki%v„p‡²rwz|ikD…j

kDvx<e%rwz|ikV³€…tz|phƒ}v†‘z&!akjuwkjpsr ­‚{‘xjv­A¶s³hkjuw²%†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rt{Fu`µ>)ºvx<e¨Ï¯€vurwz‚v­‰Ðv„p€…t· kjuºz‰…Ékjhrfvut{F³hp€†%v„pA†

{Fp€xkv­|­¢¶s³hkjuw²†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…fe€vcšk8›Nkjk`p^³€…tk`†Nv„p€…t· kju<…;v„uwkxuw{F…w…Œ~qx<ehkDx<Ék`†v„p€†rwehk…tkrV{„ª'…z‚iz|­‰v„u

z‚i%v„ƒFk`…´z‚…´kjšFkjpsrt³€v­|­‚²:utkjrt³huwphkD†Srt{Irtehk³€…tkjuDµ?<h{Fu´kj©‘vih­|kFz|pþrtehkx{Fpsrtk©‡rV{„ªº{F³hu´kj©‘Ak`utz‚ikjpsrw…

N

óO8PQ$RÇï;ýwüOêSQ$O ýTQyéDü0üVUcíŒñOí ñVW`ñYüYíïñ™ðtýO T„íXPQyéKOKY ýwüZUjüÇüOë\[]$]_^1^`^baèTcêìð$aýcìï;ýYcídOAaêSTcïaðdQyïe]`ò

UjüÇüOë\[]$]_^1^`^baf`êSROýgyí$aðdQyïe]fýOKYhUüÇüOëA[]$]_^`^`^baíjiDðýcìêSTAaðdQyïe]a

(7)

ÏY…k`k¸‘k`xyrwz|{FpI”AµlsÐy‘…kDv„u<x<ehz‚phƒ8ª¯{u rwehk´z‚i%v„ƒFk`… x{psr<v„z‚phz|p€ƒ{›h‹Œk`xyr<…rte€v„rfvutkV…z‚iz|­‰v„u rt{¬rte€k´{Fphk`… z‚p

rwehk¬¶s³hk`ut²z|i%vƒk8rŒ²‡hz‰xjv­|­‚²ƒFkjphk`uwv„rtkD…›AkjrŒ·k`kjp•%v„p€†••%xj{p€…tk`xj³‘rtz‚šk¶s³hk`utz‚k`…;rte€v„rV…tk`vuwx<e:z‚p

vI†hv[r<v„›€vF…k8rwe€v[rVz‚… „•rw{F••}rtz‚ik`…´­‚vutƒFkjuDµ;dfehz‰…´†‘k`i%v„p€†‘z‚phƒ¹€ut{‘xkD…t…?z|pAxuwk`v…tk`…rtehk¬z|i€vFxyr´{ª

rwehk8Nkjutª¯{uwivp€xkVhuw{›h­‚kji%… rwuwvF†‘z±rwz|{Fp€v„­i¬³h­|rtz|~«†‘z‚ikjp€…tz‚{p€v­z|p€†hk©¹rwk`x<ehphz‰¶s³hk`……t³ !akjuª¯uw{i:µ

dfehk …kDx{Fp€†x{psrwutz‚›h³‘rwz|{Fp8{„ª‡rtehz‰…€v„Nkjuz‚…v„p8z‚phz±rwz‚v­kj©‡€­|{Fuwv„rtz‚{p{„ª‡rte€kx{Fp€…tk`¶s³hkjpAxk`…&{„ª‘³€…tz|phƒ

­‚{‘xjv­'†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…Vrt{Fƒkjrtehk`u8·z±rweʳh‘~Ort{„~q†hv„rtk¹†hv„rwv„›Av…tk}i¬³h­|rtz|~«†‘z‚ikjp€…tz‚{p€v­Uz|p€†hk©‘z|p€ƒ^…Œrwuwv„rtkjƒFz|kD…jµ

Ò¾e€z|­‚kºrwehz‰…®€vAk`u=F¿`Á½=N¿

à % tÁ½jÁ#

Ã

D3aÁ FÁ\ V½jÈ

Ä

ÁÀ%Áz±rk©‘Nkjuwz|ikjpsr<v„­‚­|²8…teh{[·;…rwe€v[r¢rtehk

rwehuwkjki{F…r'kÓ¹xz‚kjpsr'z‚p€†‘kj©‡z‚phƒrwk`x<ehphz‰¶s³hk`…ɇph{[·p}rw{‡†€vc²v„uwk…Œrwz|­‚­hrw{s{…t­‚{[·¼rt{8›Nk³€…tk`†}z‚p%huwvFxyrwz‚xjk

·z|rteI­|{‘xjv­€†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…`µ´…z‚phƒ8rw{‘†hvc² … & (Lz|pA†‘k©‘z‚phƒ8rtkDx<ehphz‰¶s³hk`…º·z±rwe¹­|{‘x`v„­A†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…utkD¶s³hz|uwk`…

rw{ B\j8%7rtehk»uwk`…tA{Fp€…k:rwz|ik¨{„ªk`vFx<e¾z|pA†‘z|š‡z‰†‘³€v­V¶s³hk`ut²F·ehz‚x<e ivÉkD…rtehk¨ƒ­‚{›€v­?uwk`…tA{Fp€…tk

rwz|ikªÇv„u?v›A{[šFk8·e€v[r?{Fphkiz‚ƒesr;rt{F­|k`uwv„rtkFµ Ò»krwehkjuwkª¯{Futk8­‚z‰…ŒrVhut{F›h­‚kji%…;v„pA†:kjp‡³hikju<v[rwk…k`šk`uwv­

N{„rwkjpsrtz‰v„­‡…t{­‚³‘rtz‚{p€…&ª¯{u¢›h³hz‚­‚†hz|phƒVkÓ¹xjz|k`pFrx{FpFrwkjpsr~«›€vF…kD†utkjrtuwz|k`šcv­F…t²‘…Œrwkji%……t³hhN{utrtz‚phƒÌAphk~«ƒu<v„z‚p

z‚i%v„ƒFkVuwk`xj{ƒFphz±rwz|{FpvF……³hƒFƒkD…Œrwk`†¹›‡²¹i{‘†‘k`utp:z‚ivƒkVhuw{‡xjk`…w…z‚phƒ¬rtkDx<ehphz‰¶F³€k`…`µ

dfehk¬utk`i%v„z‚p€†‘kju´{„ªrte€z‚…´€v„NkjuVz‰…?…rtuw³€xyrw³hutkD†^v…;ª¯{­‚­|{[·;…`µ?¸‡kDxyrtz‚{p»œ%†‘k`…wxuwz‚›AkD…?v„pA†Skjš[v„­‚³€v„rtk`…

{F³hu%­‚{‡x`v„­?†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…¬rwv„z‚­‚{uwk`† ª¯{u¹uw{›h³A…Œr%{›h‹Œk`xyr¹uwk`xj{ƒFphz±rwz|{Fp&µ ¸‡kDxyrtz‚{p¾l»ƒz‚škD…%v„p {[šk`utš‡z‚kj·

{ª?rwehk:i³h­|rtz|~«†hz|ikjpA…z‚{p€v­z|pA†‘k©‘z‚phƒþrwk`x<ehp€z‚¶s³hkD…³€…kD† z‚p †hv[r<v„›€vF…kD…jµ ¸‡k`xrtz‚{pΔ¨k`šcv­|³Av[rtkD…}rtehk

Nkjutª¯{uwi%v„p€xjkI{ª;rtehkrte€utk`ki{F…rkÓ¹xz‚kjpsr}rtk`x<e€phz‚¶s³hkD…ɇph{[·p rt{‘†hvc²{pÎv^­‰v„uwƒk›€v…tkI{ª?ehz‚ƒe‘~

†hz|ikjpA…z‚{p:†hv[r<vz‚prtehk8x{Fpsrtk©‡r{„ª¢­|{‘x`v„­†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rt{Fuw…`µ¸‘k`xyrwz|{Fp¬huwk`…tkjpsr<… …t{ikV{Nkjpz‚…w…t³hk`…fv„pA†

vpz‚phz|rtz‰v„­®…tkr{ª…t{­‚³‘rtz‚{pA…f›Akjª¯{uwkxj{p€xj­|³A†‘z|p€ƒ€µ

%,9Ê14®6¢ 86[68 !#%$&º ( <

dfe€k†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…º· khuwk`…tkjpsr z‚prtehz‰……tk`xyrwz|{Fpvutkv„pk©‡rtk`p€…tz|{FpIrw{xj{­‚{u z|i%vƒk`… {ª®rte€k´ÌAphk~«ƒu<v„z‚p

uwk`xj{ƒFphz±rwz|{Fp΅wx<ehk`i}k:ª¯{Fu¹ƒuwkj²s~«­|k`šk`­ z‚i%v„ƒFk`…{uwz‚ƒz‚p€v„­‚­|² hut{FA{s…kD† ›‡² -<r0?Ž2h.„”7v„p€†Îk©‡rwkjp‘~

…tz‚škj­‚²S³€…tk`†¨v„p€†¨kjš[v„­‚³€v„rtk`†þ›‡² -¸hÑ5.sž7«µ}Ò¨k›h³hz‚­|r{Fpþrwehz‰…8…tx<ehk`ik¬›Nk`x`v„³€…tk¬z|r8z‚…e€z|ƒFeh­|²þut{F›h³€…r

rw{:ƒuwkj²s~O­‚kjšFkj­¢z|i%vƒk}rtu<v„p€…ª¯{uwi%v[rwz|{Fp€…jÍ´z±r†‘kjrtkDxyrw……z‚iz|­‰v„ukj­‚kjik`pFr<…z|pz‚i%v„ƒkD…†‘k`…thz|rtk%{uwz‚kjpsrwv„~

rwz|{FpÎx<eAv„phƒFk`…Sϯuw{„r<v[rwz|{Fp€…wЁ'rwuwvp€…­‰v[rwz|{Fp€…`ºuwk`…t{­‚³‘rtz‚{pÎx<e€v„phƒFk`…`ºz‚­|­‚³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{FpΚ[vutz‰v[rwz|{Fp€…j€v„utrtz‰v„­

{‘x`x­‚³€…z‚{pA…jx<e€vphƒkD…?{ª›€vFx<ÉsƒFut{F³hp€†h…?{uVš‡z|k`·A{Fz|psrw…`kr<x„µ‚µ|µ {hz‚phƒ·z±rwe»xj{­‚{uVz|i%vƒk`…´z‚p€…Œrwk`vF†

{ªUƒuwkj²s~O­‚kjšFkj­az‚ivƒkD…e€v…?v%†‘kjk`Sz|i€vFxyr?{Fp:rtehk·fvc²%rwehk¬†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…fe€v„p€†h­|k¹ÏÇzYµkµ‚Nv›€…t{uw›AÐrtehk

š[vutz‰v[rwz|{Fp€…;{ª'z|­‚­|³€i}z‚p€v„rtz‚{p&µdfehki%vz|p¨ƒ{Fv­®{ªUrtehz‰…´…tk`xrtz‚{p^z‰…´rt{hutkD…k`psr;rtehk}{uwz‚ƒz‚p€v„­utkDx{ƒFphz|~

rwz|{Fp»…wx<ehk`i}khuw{N{F…tk`†þ›‡² -<r0?Ž2h.„”7vp€†^{F³hu8k©‡rwkjp€…tz|{Fpþrw{Sx{­‚{uVz‚ivƒkD…jµ<¢z|u<…ŒrD&eh{[· kjšFkjuD

· k%›huwz|k€²þ€utkD…k`pFrvp»z‚psrtk`utkD…Œrwz|phƒSkj©hv„ih­‚k%{„ªvS…²‘…rtkji ³€…tz|phƒS­‚{‘xjv­'†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…h³h›€­|z‰…e€k`†z‚p

rwehk & (]­‚z±rwkju<v[rt³€utkFµ

nqpÒv„­‚ut³€… -˜?Ž?¸/.B.7«&kDvx<e»z|i%v„ƒFk¬z‰…›huw{ÉFkjp‘~q†‘{[·p^z‚psrt{S…t¶s³€vutk…t­|z‰†‘z‚phƒ:·z|p€†h{[·;…´{ªš[v„uw²‡z|p€ƒ

…tzMLjk`…`µdfehk…z‚ƒpAv[rt³€utk¬{„ªv·z|pA†‘{[· z‰…Vxj{ih³‘rwk`†þ›s²S³A…z‚phƒrtehk}xj{‡kÓ¹xz‚kjpsrw…´ª¯uw{irte€k}­‚{[· k`…r

ª¯uwk`¶s³hk`p€x²S›Av„p€†¨{„ª'rwehkH0?vFv„u· vcšFkj­‚kr´rtu<v„p€…ª¯{uwiª¯{urte€k}·z‚p€†‘{[·8µ¬dfehk`…tk%…z‚ƒp€v„rt³huwk`…Vv„uwk¬xj­|³A…Œ~

rwkjuwk`†v„p€†¨rte€kxjkjpsrtuw{z‰†¨{„ªkDvx<ex­‚³€…rtkju8z‰…Vrte€kjp³€…tk`†v…´rte€k¹†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{uVª¯{Furtehk%uwkjƒFz|{Fp&µ}dfe€z‚…

ikjrteh{‘†»huw{[šsz‰†‘kD…z|p‡š[v„uwz‚vp€xk}rw{[· vuw†h…´rwuwvp€…­‰v[rwz|{Fp€…`®…tx`v„­‚z|p€ƒk"!NkDxyr<…j¢€v„utrtz‰v„­U{‘x`x­‚³€…z‚{pA…8v„p€†¨rt{

xj{­‚{u'…tehz|ªrw…`FzOµkFµ|s·ehk`prtehk;š[v­|³hkD…'{ªArwehk?hz|©‘kj­‰…'v„uwk;…tehz±ªrwk`†ª¯uw{i "!# %$&¢rt{'()*+ ,!-)/.0 %$1)23&y

·e€kjuwk4*º5.þv„pA†62:v„uwk;x{Fp€…Œr<v„psr'š[v„­‚³hk`…`µ{­‚{uº…tehz|ªrw…`Feh{[· kjšFkjuD†‘{8ph{rx{Futuwk`…tN{p€†rt{vp‡²p€v„rt³‘~

u<v„­€šcvutz‰v[rwz|{Fp{„ªNrtehk´z|­‚­|³€i}z‚p€v„rtz‚{p¹x{Fp€†‘z|rtz‚{p€…?ϯš[v„uwz‚v„rtz‚{p{„ªz‚­|­‚³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{Fp%z|psrtk`p€…tz±rŒ²hÐyµnqp¹vF†h†‘z|rtz‚{p&

·fvcšk`­|kjrw…´ª¯{u<xkrwehkI…t­|z‰†‘z‚phƒS·z‚p€†‘{[·;…rw{S›AkI…w¶s³€v„uwk~q…te€v„Nk`†®·ehz‚x<e»ª¯{Fut›hz‰†h…rwehkjz‚u…wx<ehkjikrw{^›Ak

(8)

Ã Ã Ã Ã¯Ä Ã

z‚p‡š[v„uwz‚vpFrrw{Iuw{„r<v[rtz‚{pA…jµ

v…r`hrwehkjz‚u…tx<ehk`ikkjš[v„­‚³€v„rtk`…´…z‚iz|­‰v„uwz|rŒ²{Fp^vIx{Fii}{Fp^v„uwk`v%xjutz|rtk`utz‚{p&

›€³‘rº†‘{‡k`…ph{rºx{Fp€…z‰†‘k`urwehk;†‘k`ƒuwkjkf{„ªa…z‚iz|­‰v„uwz±rŒ²{„ªNrtehk;vutkDv…`µ®dfehkjuwkª¯{FutkFcrtehk`z|u…tx<ehk`ik ·z‚­‚­‘ªÇvcš{Fu

­‰v„uwƒkVuwkjƒz‚{pA…ºrwe€v[r?vutkVuw{³hƒFeh­|²…z‚iz|­‰v„u rt{¹…ti%v„­‚­utk`ƒz‚{p€…rwe€v[r?vutkv„­‚i{F…rfz‰†‘k`pFrwz‚x`v„­Oµ

!"#$%$&

nqp:-<r0?Ž2h.„”7«`<¢­|{FuwvFx<Ékjrv­Yµ†‘kD…txjutz‚›Nk`†^vphkj·’ikjrteh{‘†‘{F­|{Fƒ²ª¯{ux{Fi}€³‘rtz‚phƒehz|ƒFeh­‚²Sut{F›h³€…r

†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…ª¯{Fu&̀phkj~OƒFuwvz|p8ƒFutk`²s~O­‚kjšFkj­„z‚i%v„ƒkutkDx{Fƒphz|rtz‚{p&µ (kjª¯{uwk'ƒ{Fz|p€ƒ?z‚pFrw{´†‘kjrwvz|­‰…jDrwehkjz‚u¢…wx<ehk`i}k

x`v„p›Ak8uw{³€ƒeh­‚²%{³‘rw­|z‚phkD†vF… ª¯{­‚­|{[·;…`µ

{Fi}€³‘rtz‚phƒrtehk%­‚{‘xjv­†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…´rte€v„rk`p€x{‘†‘kz‚p‘ª¯{uwi%v[rwz|{Fp¨v„›N{³hr8v:…tz|p€ƒ­‚k¬z‚i%v„ƒk}z‰…8†‘{phk

z‚p:rte€utk`k…Œrwkj€…`µ <¢z|u<…ŒrDN…tNk`xz|ÌAx8N{z‚psrw…?z|pSrwehkz‚i%v„ƒkFAx`v„­‚­|kD†:z|psrtk`utkD…Œr<…N{z‚pFr<…jNv„uwk…tkj­‚k`xyrwk`†µdfehk

p‡³hi¬›Ak`u{„ªfN{z‚pFr<…8z‚p»{Fphk%z‚ivƒkš[v„uwz|kD…j¢…z‚p€xjk%z±r¬†hkjNkjp€†h…{p»rtehk…e€vAk%{ªrwehk¹…tz|ƒFp€v„­'{ªrwe€v[r

z‚i%v„ƒFkµÎ¸‘k`x{Fp€†Urwehk^…tz|ƒFp€v„­v„uw{³€p€†Êk`vFx<e z‚psrtkjuwk`…r%A{Fz|psr%z‰…}x<eAv„u<vxyrwkjuwzL`k`†Ê›‡²¼z|rw…%xj{p‡š{F­|³hrtz‚{p

·z|rteSv('v„³A…t…tz‚vp¹ª¯³hpAxyrtz‚{pSvp€†Iz|rw…?†‘kjuwz|š[v„rtz‚šk`… ³hrw{¬rwehkrte€z|u<†{u<†‘kjuDµ¢dfe€z|u<†‘rwehk`…tk8†‘kjuwz|š[v„rtz‚šk`…

vutkiz|©‡kD†¨rt{Skjphª¯{u<xkz|p‡š[v„uwz‰v„p€xjk}€ut{FAk`urwz|kD…8v„p€†þrt{Si%v„ÉFk%†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…uw{›h³€…rrt{:rwehk¹x<e€v„p€ƒk`…

ik`pFrwz|{Fphk`†v„›N{[škµ*)L†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u®z‰…rŒ²‡hz‚x`v„­‚­|²v;šFk`xrt{u{„ª€uwk`v­p‡³hi¬›Ak`uw…e€vcš‡z|p€ƒžf{Fu .´†‘z|ik`p€…z‚{pA…jµ

&´k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…¹vutk:rwehkjp¾z‚p€…tkjutrtk`† z‚psrt{¼vp¾z|p€†hk©µ d{¼É‡ph{[··ehz‰x<e¾z|i%v„ƒFk^vʆ‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rt{Fu¹e€v…

›Nkjk`pxj{ih³‘rwk`†%ª¯uw{i:‡z‚ivƒk;z‰†‘k`pFrwz±ÌAkju<… vutk´…Œrw{uwk`†rw{ƒkjrtehk`u·z|rteIrtehk†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…`µ{ih³‘rwz|phƒ

†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…f{[šk`ufv­|­®rtehk8z‚i%v„ƒFk`…z‰…;†‘{Fphk{ !N~«­|z‚phkµ dfehk…tz|iz‚­‚vutz|rŒ²¹uwkrwutz‚kjš[v„­®hut{‘xjkjk`†€…v…fª¯{F­|­‚{[·;…jÍ

z‚psrtk`utkD…ŒrA{Fz|psr<…Uv„uwkºÌ€u<…r¢z‰†‘kjpsrwz±Ì€kD†}z|p¬rtehk¶s³hk`ut²8z‚i%v„ƒkF„v„p€†rte€kfxj{uwutkD…N{pA†‘z|p€ƒ?­‚{‡x`v„­h†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…

vutkrwehkjpLx{ih³hrtk`†&µ')ºvx<e¼†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u{ªrtehkI¶s³hk`ut²»z‰…³€…tk`†»rw{þhuw{›Nk%rte€k¹z|pA†‘k©µþdfehkIz|p€†hk©

uwkrw³huwp€…f…z‚iz|­‰v„u†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…ª¯{F³hp€†z|prte€k†€v[rwv›€v…tkϯ·z|rte:utkD…Nk`xrfrt{%v}phk`vutkD…Œrt~Ophk`z|ƒFe‡›A{Fuº{uv,+

…tk`vuwx<eNÐy„ª¯uw{i ·ehz‰x<e%z|r z‰…'N{F…w…z‚›h­‚k;rw{¬†‘kjrtkjuwiz|p€k;rte€k?z‰†%{„ªrwehk´vF…t…t{‘xz‰v[rtkD†z|i%vƒkµ¢n«rz‰…ºrtehk`utkjª¯{uwk

kDv…t²¹rw{Ix{F³hpsr;rtehkps³€i›Nkju?{ªrtz‚i}k¬k`vFx<ez‚i%v„ƒFkz‚†:z‰…;uwkrw³huwphk`†:›‡²¹rwehkz‚p€†‘kj©:†h³hutz‚phƒ%rwehk·eh{F­|k

uwkrwutz‚kjš[v­N€ut{‘xkD…t…`µ) rrtehk8k`p€†{„ªrtehz‰…huw{‘xk`…w…8ϯzOµkµ‚h{p€xjk8v„­‚­artehk8­‚{‘xjv„­&†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<… {„ª¢rtehk¶s³hk`ut²

eAvcšk%›NkjkjpL³€…tk`†rw{^huw{›Nk¹rte€kIz‚p€†‘k©€Ðrtehk:x{F³hpsrtkju<…v­|­‚{[· rt{þu<v„p€Éþrwehkx`v„p€†‘z‰†hv„rtk¹z‚i%v„ƒkD…›‡²

†hk`xuwk`vF…z‚phƒ…z‚iz|­‰v„uwz|rŒ²µ

Ò»k8ph{[· €utkD…k`pFrz‚p:i}{Futk8†‘kjrwvz|­‰… rtehkxj{ih³‘r<v[rwz|{Fphuw{‘xkD…t… {„ª{³€u;†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…`µ

+,.-/,.- 01

£`¤c¥€¦„£3254*68794a£ Õ ¤ Õ ¡j£(: Ù 2.4a£D¡

nqpsrwkjuwk`…rN{z‚psrw…vutk%†‘kjrtk`utiz‚phk`†…t³€x<e»rte€v„rz±rz‰…8šk`ut²þ­|z‚Ék`­|²Srwe€v[rv:N{z‚psr8ª¯{³hpA†¨z‚p{phk%z‚i%v„ƒFk

·z‚­‚­›Akv„­‰…{¬ª¯{³€p€†Iz‚pvph{„rwehkjufz‚i%v„ƒk´rteAv[r;…­‚z‚ƒesrt­‚²%†‘z!akju<… ª¯uw{i rte€k´ÌAuw…r {Fphkµ'¸‘x<e€i}z‰†‘·eh{}k©‡~

rwkjp€…tz‚škj­‚²³€…tk`†C<¢­‚{u<vx<É …'ikrweh{‘†‘x{i€vutkD†¹…tkjšk`uwv­€N{z‚psr kj©srwuwvFxyrw{u<…'z‚p-ì¸‘Ñ (=.–K7&vp€†¹…teh{[·kD†

rwe€v[rrwehkk©‡rtu<vxrt{uVz‚pFrwut{‘†‘³Axk`†þ›‡² ( z|ƒ<;hp -('VÒ .h—$7ºvp€†þz‚ihuw{[šk`†^›s²50´v„uwutz‰… -0V¸‘––7'e€v†þrtehk

›Nk`…r;›Nkje€vcš‡z‚{uDµ

dfehz‰…;kj©‡rtu<vxyrw{uf­‚{s{Fɑ…fª¯{u´œB& …tz|phƒF³h­‰v„uwz±rwz|kD…fz|p:rwehk…z‚ƒpAv„­O€v„p€†z‰…;›€vF…kD†I{Fp:rtehkxj{ih³‘r<v[rwz|{Fp

{ª®rwehk8kjz‚ƒk`psš[v­|³hkD…f{„ªrtehk8i%v[rwutz|©

k>=?@BA<C@

@ED

@GF HJI

K I K

I9L

I K

I9L I LNM

(9)

·e€kjuwk I K

vp۠

I9L

v„uwk'rwehkx{FpsšF{­‚³‘rtz‚{p{„ª€rwehk…z‚ƒpAv„­‡·z±rwerwehk rŒ·{†‘k`utz‚š[v[rtz‚škD…%vp€†

{ªv 'v³€…w…z‰v„pª¯³hp€xrtz‚{p&µ nqp:ƒkjp€kju<v„­O‡rtehk`utkvutk8i%v„p‡²¹N{z‚psrw…?z|p:k`vFx<e:z|i%v„ƒFk‡rŒ²‡hz‰xjv­|­‚²I›NkrŒ· kjk`p

•¬vp€†•F•hµ

&´³‘ª¯{³€utp€v³€†'-&V¸/0?••7NN{z‚psrtkD†‡~O{F³‘rºrwe€v[rf†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rt{Fuw…'xj{³h­‰†%ph{rº›Nk´z‚p‡šcvutz‰v„psrUrw{¬…wxjv„­‚kªÇvFxyrt{Fuw…

z|ªrtehkA{Fz|psrw…;k©‡rtu<vxrtk`†· kjuwkph{„r;z‚p‡šcvutz‰v„psrrw{¹…tx`v„­‚z|phƒAµºdfehk`utkjª¯{uwkhehk8€ut{FA{s…kD†Irw{%k©‡rtu<vxrrtehk

N{z‚psrw… v[rf†‘z!akjuwkjpsrf…tx`v„­‚k`…'›‡²š[v„uw²‡z|phƒrtehkVš[v„uwz‚vp€xk;{ªrtehk 'v„³€…w…tz‚vp%ª¯³hp€xrtz‚{p¹³€…tk`†&µdfe€z‚… v„­‚­|{[·;…

rw{%x{Nk8·z|rteS…tx`v„­‚k?ªÇvFxyrw{u<…f³hrt{Iž‡‘u<v[rwehkjufrwe€v„p:³hrt{Iœ}v… ª¯{Fufrtehk8{Futz‚ƒz‚p€v­Nikjrteh{‘†µ

+,.-/,+ Ù ®£ 2.4#6 Ù ¦¥, Õ ¡`¦¤>2¢£ Ù ¤c¡Ù ¤¤ ÕFÖa× ÕAÕ ,7 ¥6 Õ ¡

Ë´pAxk¬rtehkN{z‚pFr<…v„uwk¬kj©srwuwvFxyrwk`†arwehk}†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…´vutkx{Fih³‘rtkD†þ³A…z‚phƒrtehk%…tz|ƒFp€v„­v„uw{³hpA†^k`vFx<e

{ªrwehk%N{z‚pFr<…jµdfehz‚…x{ih³hrwv[rwz|{Fpz‚…†h{phkz‚prŒ·{S…rtkjA…jµC&´³huwz|p€ƒ:rtehk̀u<…r…Œrwkj&rtehk¹…tz‚ƒp€v­Uz‚…

xj{p‡š{F­|³hrtk`†»·z|rte v 'v³€…w…z‰v„pª¯³hpAxyrtz‚{p¼vp€†z|rw… .:̀u<…Œr¬†hkjuwz|š[v[rwz|šFk`…¹Ï¯rtehk†‘kjuwz‚šcv„rtz‚škD…8³hrt{þrtehk

rwehz‚uw†S{Fuw†hkjuyÐyµdfehk`…tk¬…ti{‡{„rte€k`†S†‘k`utz‚š[v[rtz‚škD…huw{[š‡z‚†‘k¬v%›€v…tz‰x†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rtz‚{pS{ª¢rwehk¬…tz‚ƒp€v­Yµ&´³huwz|phƒ

rwehk¬…tk`xj{p€†:…rtk`&Nrtehk†hkjuwz|š[v[rwz|šFk`…´v„uwk8i}z|©‘k`†:rw{ƒFkrte€kjurw{Ikjphª¯{u<xk8z‚psš[vutz‰v„p€xjk8huw{Nkjutrtz‚k`…?vp€†rt{

i%vÉk†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…ut{F›h³€…r rw{rwehkx<e€vphƒkD…ºikjpsrwz|{Fphk`†v„›N{[škFµÒ»k†‘k`…wxuwz‚›AkV›Ak`­|{[· rtehk·fvc²rtehkD…k

†hkjuwz|š[v[rwz|šFk`…fv„uwkiz±©‘k`†&µ

¥%2.4#2.4#6º¤[¥4¢¡ ,Ç¥‘£ 2Ù 4¥,%¥%4Ú £`¥‘£ 2Ù 4¥,7 4 ¥‘¤>2Ç¥4¢¦ Õ ,

duwvp€…t­‚v„rtz‚{p€v­ z‚p‡š[v„uwz‚vp€xk:z‰…%{›‘~

r<v„z‚phk`†›‡²¹rwehkªÇvxr rwe€v[rrwehk†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…fvutk8x{Fih³‘rtkD†vut{F³hp€†k`vFx<ez‚psrtkjuwk`…rA{Fz|psrDµ

dfehkv„p€ƒ­‚k;{„ª®uw{„r<v[rwz|{Fp%{„ª&z‚ivƒkD…ºxjvp¹›NkVv­|ƒFkj›hu<v„z‰xjv­|­‚²k`­|z‚iz|p€v„rtkD†%ª¯uw{i rtehk?rtk`p†‘k`utz‚š[v[rtz‚škD…j

€ut{[š‡z‰†‘z|p€ƒphz‚phkutkD…³€­±rwz|phƒ%¶s³€vpFrwz±rwz|kD… z|p‡š[v„uwz‚vpsrrw{}uw{„r<v[rwz|{Fp€…jµ¢n«ª®rwehk…ti}{‡{rtehkD†I…tz|ƒFp€v„­az‰…†‘kjph{rtkD†

›‡²

I

€vp€†Iz|rw…?†‘kjuwz|š[v„rtz‚šk`… ›‡²

I K  I L  I

K3K

µ|µ‚µ‚‘rtehkD…k?.}z‚psš[vutz‰v„psr;¶s³€v„psrtz|rtz‚k`…vutkFÍ

I

I I

I I I

I!"

I I #

+

I $&%5II!$ I%' I($$<I5I%.I&%

&

I)* I I!$>I+$,'I $<I5I-3I!$

' +

I $-%I I $ I %

I * $ I I I $

ό—DÐ

dfehkª¯³hp€xrtz‚{p'+

z‚…V†‘kÌAphk`†S›‡² + K L/.0'

+ L K .21

+

K K . + L9L3.54

µ?dfehk)ºz|p€…rtk`z|p …Vph{rwv[rwz|{Fp

³A…kD†z‚p}rtehk ª¯{uwi³€­‚vF…¢xj{uwutkD…N{pA†h…rt{8v…³hii%v[rwz|{Fp¬{[šFkju¢k`vFx<e¬z‚p€†‘kj©aÍ®ª¯{uUz‚p€…rwv„pAxk

I .76

I .

I K ) I L

vp۠

I!* I-#8. 6 6

I* I #8. I K K I K K

):9

I K L I K L ) I L9L I L9L

µ

¥%2.4#2.4#6 :<; Ù £ Ù Õ £j¤>2Ǧ 794 ¥‘¤>2Ç¥%4¦ Õ ,

dfehkS†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…}v„uwkz‚p‡šcvutz‰v„psr}rt{¨rtehkSš[vutz‰v[rwz|{Fp€…{ª

z‚­‚­|³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{FpIrwe€v[r?vutki{‘†‘kj­‚k`†›‡²

I3=>@? I ) $cµUdfehz‰…i{‘†‘kj­Ohv„­|rte€{³hƒFe…tz|ih­‚kA†‘k`…wxuwz|›Nk`…¶s³hz|rtk

vFxjxj³huwv„rtk`­|²»·e€v[re€vhAk`p€…}·ehkjp rtehkƒ­‚{›Av„­ z|psrtk`p€…tz±rŒ²{„ª?rtehk:z‚­|­‚³hiz|pAv[rtz‚{pLš[v„uwz|kD……t­|z‚ƒesrt­‚²µÊn«r

z‰…N{F…w…z‚›h­‚krw{·z|rteA†‘uwvc· rtehkD…k}rŒ· {phk`· €vuwvikrtk`uw…

?

vp€†$¬v„pA†^rw{{F›‘rwvz|pʞIut{rwv[rwz|{Fp€v„­v„pA†

(10)

Ã Ã Ã Ã¯Ä Ã

€eh{„rw{ikrwutz‰x;z‚p‡šcvutz‰v„psr<…jÍ><z‚u<…Œr ·z±rwe€†‘u<vc· rtehk´rŒ·{̀uw…r¶F³Av„psrtz|rtz‚k`…{„ªºÏ—DÐv„p€†¹†hz|š‡z‰†‘k´kDvx<e%{ª&rtehk

…tkjšFkjp¨­‚vF…Œr8{p€k`…›‡²Srte€k¹v„hhuw{€utz‰v[rwkN{[·k`uV{ª I I

…t³€x<ev…Vrw{{F›‘rwvz|p»u<v[rtz‚{F…V{ª †‘k`ƒuwkjk%•I·z|rte

uwk`…tNk`xyrfrw{

I

v„p€†z|rw…†‘k`utz‚š[v[rtz‚škD…jµ

¥%2.4#2.4#6®¦¥,Õ 794 ¥‘¤>2Ç¥%4¦ Õ ,

nqpsš[vutz‰v„p€xjk:rt{΅tx`v„­‚k^z‚…vx<e€z|k`šk`† ›‡² v†‘{F‘rtz‚phƒ v i³h­|rtz|~q…tx`v„­‚k

vhhuw{FvFx<e&Írwehkxj{ih³‘r<v[rwz|{FpÊ{„ª;z‚psš[vutz‰v„psrw…z‚…¬uwkjNk`v[rwk`†»ª¯{Fu¬š[v„uwz‚{³€…8š[v­|³hkD…{ªrtehkš[v„uwz‚vp€xk¹{ª

rwehk'v„³€…w…tz‚vp&svp€†Iv­|­arwehkVutkD…³h­|rtz‚phƒ}š[v„­‚³hk`…fv„uwkV³€…kD†%rw{}†‘kD…txjutz‚›Nk?rwehkz|i%v„ƒFkµUdfehkVš[v„­‚³hk`… {„ªrtehk

š[vutz‰v„p€xjk´³A…kD†Iehk`utk8vutkVutk`­‚v„rtkD†¹rw{¬rwehk8{p€k`…f³€…tk`††‘³huwz|p€ƒ¬rwehk8k©‡rwuwvFxyrtz‚{p{„ªrtehk8z‚psrtkjuwk`…rA{Fz|psr<…jÍ

rwehk;š[v„uwz‰v„p€xjk ³A…kD†}rt{kj©srwuwvFxyrºvN{z‚psrºƒz‚škD…rtehk?šcvutz‰v„pAxk rt{xj{ih³‘rwkrte€k?v…w…{‘xjz‚v„rtk`†}†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fu`µ

+,.-/, 01 £ Õ 4¢¡ 2Ù 4L£ Ù Ù ,Ù ¤ 7 ¥6 Õ ¡

dfe€k¬ikrweh{‘†þ³A…kD†Srt{Sxj{ih³‘rwkrwehk­|{‘xjv­¢†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…;ª¯{Fuƒuwkj²s~O­‚kjšFkj­z|i%v„ƒFk`…Vz‰…´šFkjuw²:ut{F›h³€…r`&v…

k`š[v„­‚³€v[rwk`†:›‡² -츑Ñ5.‡ž7«µ;Ò¨krtehk`utkjª¯{uwkk©‡rwkjp€†‘kD†rtehz‰…´i}kjrteh{‘†:rw{Ix{FAk¬·z±rweþx{F­|{Fu;z‚ivƒkD…jµ=)ºvFx<e

€z±©‘kj­f{ª´v¨xj{­‚{u¬z|i%v„ƒFkz‰…†‘kÌAphk`† ›s²¼l¨š[v„­‚³hk`…}·ehz‰x<eLx`v„p¼›NkSx{‘†‘kD†¼z‚p i%v„p‡²Ê·fvc²‡…-Š¢{[² .‡ž7OÍ

Ž'(V0V¸‡ v„›&VdfehkŽ'(7…²‘…rtk`iz‰…´x<e€{F…tkjpS›Nk`xjv³€…tkz±r´ªÇvxjz|­‚z±r<v[rwk`…?rtehk¬k©‡rtk`p€…z‚{pS{ªUrtehk

†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…rt{%x{F­|{Fu z‚i%v„ƒFk`…`µ

)U©‡rwkjp€†‘z‚phƒ´rtehkf­‚{‘xjv„­‡†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…†‘{‡k`…ph{„rUx<e€vphƒkUrwehkf· vc²´rte€kz‚psrtkjuwk`…rN{z‚psrw…v„uwkºkj©‡rtu<vxyrwk`†µ

Ò»kf…Œrwz|­‚­F³A…k=0?vutuwz‚……®†‘kjrtk`xrt{Fu`µ¢dfehk…tz|ƒFp€v„­Oceh{[· kjšk`u`Dz‰…®ph{[·¼x<eAv„u<vxyrwkjuwzL`k`†V›‡²l•;†hkjuwz|š[v[rwz|šFk`… ό—D•

Nkjux<eAv„phphk`­‰Ðµ{hz‚phƒ:·z|rteÊx{F­|{Fu†hkjkj€­|²þx<eAv„phƒFk`…´rtehk%·fvc²:rte€k`…tk¹†‘kjuwz|š[v„rtz‚šk`…Vi¬³€…Œr›Nk%iz±©‘kD†

rw{þƒsv„z‚pÊz|p‡š[v„uwz‚vp€xk¹rt{[·fv„u<†h…uw{„r<v[rtz‚{p¼vp€†Êz‚­|­‚³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{Fp¼š[v„uwz‚v„rtz‚{p€…`µ^Ò»k†‘kjrwvz|­rtehkD…kx<e€v„p€ƒk`…

›Nkj­‚{[·8µ

¥%2.4#2.4#6 Ù £D¥‘£32Ù 4¢¥, 794 ¥‘¤>2Ç¥%4¦ Õ , Ž{„r<v[rtz‚{pAv„­az|p‡š[v„uwz‰v„p€xjk´z‰…{›hrwv„z‚phkD†I›‡²¹·z|rte€†huwvc·z‚phƒ}rtehk

vphƒ­‚kI{ª´uw{„r<v[rtz‚{p®µ þz‚p‡šcvutz‰v„psr<…¬x`v„p ›NkSx{Fi}€³‘rtkD†¼·z|rteÎk`¶s³€v[rwz|{Fp€…:ό—cÐvhh­‚z|kD† {Fp k`vFx<e

x<eAv„phphk`­Y‘vp€†¹rŒ· {}{„rte€kjuf{phkD…fv„uwkVx<eh{s…k`pIv„i{FphƒrwehkVrtehuwkjk´ª¯{­‚­‚{[·z|phƒ¶s³€v„psrwz±rwz|kD…Vϯª¯{up‡³hikjuwz‰xjv„­

uwk`vF…{Fp€…`Fz|r;z‚…;·z‚…tkVrt{%Ék`kj:v„­‚­artehuwkjkš[v„­‚³hkD…z|phu<vxrtz‰xkDÐÍ

K K )

L L

K K )

L L

K K ):

L L

ÏYœÐ

¸hxjv„­‚kfz|p‡š[v„uwz‰v„p€xjkz‰…{›‘r<v„z‚phk`†¬›‡²vVi³h­|rtz|~q…tx`v„­‚k vhhuw{Fvx<e}…z‚iz|­‰v„u¢rw{´rwehk{p€k ³A…kD†·z|rteƒuwkj²s~«­|k`šk`­

z‚i%v„ƒFk`…`µ

¥254*254*6(:<;

Ù £ Ù Õ

£j¤>2Ǧ 794

¥‘¤>2Ç¥4¢¦

Õ , Šºeh{„rw{ikrwutz‰xUz‚psš[vutz‰v„p€xjkUz‚…&i}{Futkx{ih­‚k©V·z±rwex{F­±~

{Fuw…a›Nk`x`v„³€…tk'†‘z&!Nk`utk`psr&z|­‚­|³€i}z‚p€v„rtz‚{p8i{‘†‘kj­‰…&xjvp›Akºxj{p€…tz‰†‘kjuwk`†µ)¼ƒkjp€kju<v„­[i{‘†‘kj­„z‰… ( (

&

.

#

& ) ·ehk`utk z‚…v }i%v[rtuwz|©Iv„p€† v¬šFk`xrt{u {„ª†‘z‚i}k`p€…tz|{Fpl€µË?rtehk`u i{‘†‘k`­‚…

vutk {›hrwv„z‚phkD†¬›‡²³A…z‚phƒ8v8†‘z‰v„ƒ{Fp€v„­‡{Fu'…tx`v„­‰v„ui%v[rtuwz|©ª¯{u v„p€†}›‡²N{F…w…z‚›h­‚²utk`i{[šsz‚phƒ´rtehkšFk`xrt{u

¹µ )x`x{Fuw†‘z‚phƒ%rw{¹rwehkp‡³hi¬›Ak`u´{ª'€v„u<v„ikrwkju<…;{ªUrtehk}i{‡†hkj­OArwehk†‘z|ik`p€…z‚{pþ{„ªUrte€k}†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…

š[vutz‚k`… ›NkrŒ· kjkjp—D–¬vp€†Sœ.hµ

)7šFkjuw²¹x{ii{pi{‘†‘kj­&z‰…f{›hrwv„z‚phkD†I·ehk`p0z‰…†‘z‚vƒ{Fp€v„­OµnqpIrwehz‚…?xjv…tk‡rwehkrte€utk`kx<eAv„phphk`­‚…

uwkji%vz|p¹z‚p€†‘k`Ak`p€†‘k`pFr;·e€kjp¹rwehkz|i%vƒk?z‰…rtu<v„p€…ª¯{uwik`†µUdfehk†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw… xjvp¹rwes³A…›Nk8x{Fi}€³‘rtkD†

{Fp^k`vFx<e¨x<e€vphphk`­­‚z|ÉFkrwehkj²S· kjuwkz‚p^rwehk}ƒuwkj²s~O­‚kjšFkj­¢xjv…tkvp€†^›‡²^v†€†‘z|p€ƒ¹rŒ· {Ii{uwk¬†‘z‚ikjp€…tz‚{p€…

³A…z‚phƒ}rtehkª¯{Futi¬³h­‰v… z|pÊÏOœÐyµ'dfe€z‚…€ut{[š‡z‰†‘k`…f†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw… {ª¢†‘z‚ikjp€…tz|{Fp^œ[”€µ

(11)

)?ph{„rwehkjux`v…tk¬z‰…Vrte€v„r{„ªfv¹ª¯³h­‚­'u<v„phÉ i%v[rtuwz|©þ·ehkjp»ph{:uw{„rwv„rtz‚{p€v­z‚p‡š[v„uwz‚vp€xk}z‚…p€kjk`†hk`†µ

nqp¹rtehz‰…fxjv…tkrtehkVškDxyrw{u<…4 #

&3 K #

K K

&y

L

L L

&yµ‚µ|µUvutk?v­|­a…t³h›‘‹Œk`xrw…ºrt{rtehk…tvik

­‚z‚phk`vu8{uv[Ó%phkrwuwvp€…ª¯{uwiµ%dfehk%šFk`xrt{u x`v„p»›AkI·z±rwe€†‘u<vc·p¨›‡²þp€{„rx{Fp€…z‰†‘k`utz‚phƒrtehk%šFk`xrt{u

#

&yµŽkji%vz|p€…&rtehk­|z‚phkDv„u®Av„utr`µdfe€kº›€vF…z‰xUz‚psš[vutz‰v„psr®z‚p8rte€z‚…¢xjvF…kºvutk'rtehk x{‡{u<†‘z‚p€v[rwk`…&{ª‘rtehk

šFk`xrt{u<…·z±rweuwk`…tAkDxyrfrt{}rwehutk`k´{ª®rwehkji(x<e€{F…tkjpvF…vuwkª¯k`utk`p€xk´ª¯u<v„ikµn«ª· k8x<eh{‡{F…tk¬Ï¯ª¯{uuwk`v…t{pA…

{ª…t²‡ii}kjrtuw²hЬrtehkSrwehuwkjkSškDxyrw{u<…

K3K #

K K K K

&y

K L #

K L K L

&fvp€†

L9L

# L L

L9L

&%v…

uwkª¯k`utk`p€xk´ª¯u<v„ik‘rwehkjprwehk8z|p‡š[v„uwz‰v„psrw…fv„uwkÍ

K L

L9L

K L

L9L

K L

L9L

K3K

K L

L9L

K K K L

L9L

K3K K L

L9L

K K L L

K K

L9L

K K L L

K K K L

L9L

K3K

K L

L9L

K K K L

L9L

K K K L

K3K

K L

K K K L

K K K L

L9L

K K K L

L9L

K K K L

L9L

·e€kjuwk &%z‚…utkD…Nk`xrtz‚šk`­|²Lk`¶s³€v„­?rt{ K #

K K

&6 L #

L L

&6

K3K K

K3K K K K3K

&µ|µ‚µ

dfe€kz|p‡š[v„uwz‚vpsrw…¢rt{›A{rte%uw{„rwv„rtz‚{p€…Uvp€†vheh{rt{ikjrtuwz‚xfi{‘†‘kj­A·z±rweª¯³h­‚­€u<v„phɬiv„rtuwz±© eAvcškfph{„r

›Nkjk`pS†‘kjuwz|šFk`†I²krD€v… ªÇvu;v…f· kÉsp€{[·8µ

5 "$ # !& & % %&

nqpƒFkjphk`uwv­Y&k`š[v„­‚³€v[rwz|phƒrwehk%utkDx{Fƒphz|rtz‚{pxjv€v„›hz‚­‚z±rwz|kD…{„ª†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…Vz‚…†‘z±Ó¹xj³h­±rDµC)U©‘Nkjuwz|ik`pFr<v„­

uwk`…t³h­|rw…V†‘kjNkjpA†^{›‡š‡z‚{³€…t­|²{pþrtehk¬z|psrtuwz‚p€…z‰xN{[· kjuV{„ªUrte€k}†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…jA›h³‘r8v„­‰…{{pSrwehk¬xj{psrtk`pFr

{ªrtehk†hv[r<v„›€vF…kFµ<h{Fukj©‘vih­|kFUz±r}z‚…¬uwk`v„­‚­‚²¨e€vuw†»rw{þuwkrwutz‚kjšFk¹{ph­‚²…³hpA…ehz‚phkD…·ehk`p ¶s³hkjuw²‡z|p€ƒ

·z|rteÎvþ…t³hp€…tehz‚phkz‚i%v„ƒFkIv¨†€v[rwv›€v…tkIxj{psrwvz|phz‚phƒþ…t{­‚kj­‚²Ê…³€p€…e€z|phkD…¬vp€† …t³hphuwz‰…kD…IÏrwehkj²¼vutkph{„r

…t{¹†‘z&!Nk`utk`psr`av[ªrtk`u?v„­‚­ÐyN›h³‘r;rwehz‚…´z‰…;v„­‚i{F…r;rtuwz|š‡z‰v„­&·e€kjp:rte€k¬†hv„rwv„›Av…tkxj{psrwvz|pA…{ph­‚²z|i%v„ƒFk`…{ª

…t³hp€…tehz‚phk`…´v„p€†^{„ªº†hvutÉrtuw{hz‰xjv­&ª¯{FutkD…Œr<…jµ?dfe€kz‚i}AvxyrV{„ªUrwehz‚…V…t³h›‘rt­‚k¬…tz‰†‘k~«k!ak`xrVxjvp^›Nk­‚z|iz|rtk`†

·e€kjp¾rwehk¨†hv„rwv›€v…tk^…Œrw{uwk`…Iz|i%v„ƒFk`……Nk`xjz±ÌAx`v„­‚­|² x<eh{s…k`p rt{L…rtuwk`…w…¹v €v„utrtz‰x³h­‰v„uv…tAkDxyr{ª8rtehk

†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…jµ><h{Fu'k©hv„ih­‚kFrte€k;ut{F›h³€…rtphkD…t…Urt{z‚­|­‚³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{Fp¹š[v„uwz‚v„rtz‚{p€…U{ªartehk?†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…'xjvp%›Ak

€utkDxz‰…k`­|²:kjš[v­|³€v„rtkD†^z|ªºrte€k†€v[rwv›€v…tk}z|p€xj­|³A†‘k`…v…k`utz‚k`…V{„ªz‚†‘k`psrtz‰xjv„­z‚i%v„ƒkD…´rte€v„r8†hz!akju{p€­|²S›‡²

rwehkjz‚uz‚­|­‚³hiz‚p€v[rwz|{Fp»x<e€vuwvFxyrwkjuwz‚…rtz‰xj…`µ%dfehk%†hv[r<v„›€vF…k· k}³A…kD†þrw{Skjš[v„­‚³€v„rtk{³huxj{­‚{u†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…

xj{psrwvz|pA… …t³€x<e:z‚ivƒkD…z‚pSv†h†hz±rwz|{FpIrw{%{„rte€kjuuwk`v„­|~«­|z|ª¯k´p€{p‘~q…Nk`xjz±ÌNx´z‚i%v„ƒFk`…`µ

+,+,.- 0 ¥,¥h£32 Ù 4 Ø 2¯£ ; ¤ ÕsÖa× ÕAÕ ,7¼¥6 Õ ¡

¸hx<ehiz‚†Êkj©‡rtkjpA…z‚šk`­|²»kjš[v„­‚³€v„rtk`†»rwehk†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…8huw{N{F…tk`†›‡² <­‚{u<vx<Éaµ50?kjuk`š[v„­‚³€v[rwz|{Fp€……teh{[·

xj­|kDv„uw­|²Irtehk}uw{›h³€…rtp€k`…w…;{„ªrwehk}†hk`…wxuwz|‘rw{u<…z‚pSrtehkx{Fpsrtk©‡r?{ª'ƒuwkj²z|i%vƒk`…`µ;dfehk}†hv[r<v„›€vF…k³A…kD†

ª¯{Fuehkjukj©‘Ak`utz‚ikjpsrw…f·fv…fi%v†hkV{ª¢v›A{F³‘r—`•F••¬z|i%v„ƒFk`…`͜••¬hz‚k`xkD…{„ªv„utr`—D••}v„kjuwz‰v„­az|i%vƒk`…f{ª

rwehk†‘{[·psrt{[·p{„ªUÑ^v„u<…tkjz‚­|­‚k`…Ï<€uwvp€xkcÐyhvp€†^ž„œ„•¬z‚ivƒkD…{ªl\&7{›‘‹ŒkDxyr<…jµ

dfehkv„kjuwz‰v„­'z‚i%v„ƒkD…v„uwkrte€k¹i{F…r¬x<e€v„­‚­‚kjphƒFz|phƒAµdfe€kj²Œ­‚{‡{Év­|i{F…r¬…tz|iz‚­‚vuIϯuw{‡{„ªÇ…†h{^ph{„r

†hz!akjuf…{i³€x<eAÐ'v„p€†%z‚i%v„ƒFk`…ºxj{iN{F…tk`†{„ª®l\&]iz‰xuw{…Œrwut³Axyrt³€utkD…?ÏÇx<e€z|iphk`²‡…`‡v„psrtk`php€v…`‡xjv„u<…'…tkjk`p

î`Ucêìñ`Y[ýwüOýT[ý<ñOí'ðýOT„í6TKRQ_^®ñOídYVýwü

UjüÇüOë\[]$]_^1^`^baêSOKRÇêýcìë„íñ aPMR ]wï Q_f`ê]wëcéKT]! ¢íŒï Qyñj]<ô&íðdQ$OKOcý<êìñOñ«ýODðí"øQ$R Ycídcìêý#]wí O]RYíŒðdQ$OKO[ý<êüVROí"`Q$T$#Çíqü«ñ aUjüYï c

(12)

Ã Ã Ã Ã¯Ä Ã

ª¯uw{i’v›A{[šFkckr<x„µìÐyµ¢nqpehkju¢rwk`…rw…`crtehkf¶s³hkjuw²´z‚i%v„ƒFk`…·k`utk'p€{„r€v„utr{ªhrtehkf†hv„rwv„›Av…tkµ®dfehkD…kz|i%vƒk`…

· kjuwk;r<v„ÉFkjp†h³hutz‚phƒ%v}…³h›A…kD¶F³€kjpsr Av…w…{[šFkjurtehk8xjz±rŒ²Fµdfe€z‚…x<e€vphƒkD…'rwehkš‡z|k`·A{Fz|psrÏrwehkVªÇvxjvF†‘k`…

{ª›h³hz‚­‚†‘z‚phƒs…8›AkDx{Fi}kIšsz‰…tz|›h­‚k¹{Fu†‘z‰…tvhAkDv„uyНv„p€†»rwehkIxj{iA{s…z|rtz‚{p{ªfz‚i%v„ƒFk`…¹ÏY…{Fi}kxjv„u<…e€vcšFk

i{[šFk`†€Ðµ'dfehkh­‚vphk€eh{[·k`šk`u`srt{‡{FÉIv„­‚­rte€k8z|i%v„ƒFk`…fz‚pSv}…teh{Furfrtz‚ikª¯uwvikhi%v„ɇz‚phƒ³hp€x<e€vphƒkD†

…te€vF†‘{[·;…jµ

9´³hk`ut² ( k`…r)?p€…t·k`u 9´³hk`ut² ( k`…r );p€…t·k`u

<¢z‚ƒ³huwk:—Íd·{S¶s³hk`utz‚k`…Vi%v†‘k%·z|rtez‚i%v„ƒk}ª¯u<v„ƒFi}k`psrw…8v„pA†^rwehk%i{F…r…z‚iz|­‰v„u8z‚i%v„ƒkD…´ª¯{³hp€†»›‡²

rwehk8uwkrtuwz‚kjš[v„­…t²‡…rtk`i:µ

d{:z|­‚­|³A…Œrwuwv„rtk¬rtehkuwk`x{Fƒphz|rtz‚{p¨A{[· kjuV{„ªrtehk%†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…j· k¬z‚p€…tkjutr8ehkjuwkrŒ· {k©hv„ih­‚k`…Vk©‡~

rwuwvFxyrwk`†ª¯uw{i ¸‘x<ehiz‰†…· {uwÉaµ1<¢z|ƒF³huwk;— …teh{[·;…&rtehk ›AkD…ŒrUv„pA…· kjuutkjrt³huwphk`†›s²Vrwehk …t²‘…Œrwkji#ϯzOµkµ‚[rtehk

i{s…Œr?…tz|iz‚­‚vuz|i%vƒkDÐ ·e€kjpS¶s³hkjuwz|kD†›s²v…i%v„­‚­&z‚i%v„ƒkVª¯u<v„ƒFi}k`psr`µ )´…;…Œr<v[rwk`†:v„›N{[škF‘šsz‚kj·N{z‚psrw…

†hz!akju›NkrŒ· kjk`p¶s³hkjuw²¹v„pA††hv„rwv›€v…tk?z‚i%v„ƒkD…jµI9´³hk`utz‚k`… ³€…tz‚phƒª¯u<v„ƒFikjpsrw… huw{[š‡z‚†‘k´ƒ{‡{‘†¹uwk`…t³h­|rw…v…

­‚{p€ƒIv…frwehk¬…tzMLjk{ªrtehkª¯uwvƒikjpsr´…rwvc²‘…;v›A{[šFk%—`• {„ªrwehk¬…tzL`k{„ªUrwehk{Futz‚ƒz‚p€v­&z|i%vƒkµ?¸‘iv­|­‚kju

ª¯u<v„ƒFikjpsrw…f†‘k`ƒu<v†‘k´rtehk8uwk`…t³h­|rw…fu<v„hz‰†‘­‚²µ

<¢z‚ƒ³huwkIœz|­‚­‚³€…Œrwuwv„rtkD…v„ph{rtehk`u8z|psrwkjuwk`…rtz‚phƒSutkD…³€­±rDµ¸‡k`škju<v„­Uz‚i%v„ƒFk`…8{ªfvS†‘z‚ph{s…tv³hu…k`kjp»ª¯uw{i

šFkjuw²Ê†‘z!akjuwkjpsrA{Fz|psr<…¬{ª?š‡z|k`· · kjuwk…rt{uwk`† z|p rtehkS†hv„rwv›€v…tkµÊl»†‘z!akjuwkjpsr%¶s³hkjuw²Êz|i%vƒk`…¬· kjuwk

rwehkjpx{‡{ÉFk`†‡~«³h¹³A…z‚phƒv¬xj{ih­‚k©¹›€vFx<ÉsƒFut{F³hp€†{FpI·ehz‰x<ev¬š‡z|k`· Ïrwe€v[rfz‚… ph{rz|pIrtehk?& (fк{„ªrtehk

†hz|ph{s…tv³huf· vF……³€Ak`utz‚iA{s…kD†µnqp:vF†h†‘z|rtz‚{p&‡rwehk8­‚kªr;€vur{„ª¢rte€krtehz‚uw†:¶s³hk`ut²%z‚i%v„ƒk·fv…†‘k`­|kjrtkD†

ÏÇ{ph­‚²^rwehk¹r<v„z‚­'{„ªfrwehkI†‘z‚ph{F…wv„³€uutk`i%v„z‚p€…š‡z‚…tz|›€­|kcÐyµSdfehkI…t²‘…Œrwkji4·fv…8rtehk`p¼v…tÉk`†¨rw{Sutkjrt³huwprtehk

i{s…Œr;…tz|iz‚­‚vuz|i%v„ƒFkVª¯{u;kDvx<eI{ªrwehk`…tkl¶s³hkjuw²¹z‚ivƒkD…jµb<€{u;v„­‚­&¶s³hkjuwz‚k`…`‡rtehk8›Nk`…r´v„pA…· kjufz‰…frtehk

z‚i%v„ƒFk{„ªºrtehk†‘z‚ph{F…wv„³hu?rte€v„rVz‰…V{pSrwehkutz‚ƒesrV{„ªUrte€k<¢z‚ƒ³huwkÏÇz±rz‰…?rwehk}A{Fz|psr{„ªºš‡z‚kj·’z‚p^rte€k& (

rwe€v[rVz‚…´rwehk}xj­|{s…kD…Œr?rt{¹rwehk}{phk¬z|p¨k`vx<e^¶s³hk`ut²hеVdfehz‰…VutkD…³€­±rVkjihe€vF…zMLjkD…rte€k¬uw{›h³A…Œrwphk`…w…;{ª'rtehk

ikjrteh{‘†:xjv³€…kD†I›‡²%rwehk8­‚{‡x`v„­‚z±rŒ²I{„ª®rwehk†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…fvp€†rtehk8›‡²%rwehkx{F³hpsrtz‚phƒhut{‘xjk`…w…jµ

+,+,+ 0 ¥,¥h£32 Ù 4 Ø 2¯£ ; Ù ,Ù ¤ 7¼¥6 Õ ¡

d{Vkjš[v„­‚³€v[rwk rtehkfuwk`x{Fƒphz|rtz‚{pA{[· kju{„ªN{³hukj©srwkjp€…tz‚{prw{8x{­‚{u¢z‚ivƒkD…j[· k³A…kD†¬v†hv„rwv„›Av…tkºi%v†‘k

{ªartehkœ[”†‘z‚ikjp€…tz‚{p¹†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rt{Fuw…º†‘kjuwz|šFk`†}ª¯uw{i—–h—utkDv„­|~O­‚z±ª¯k;xj{­‚{u'z‚i%v„ƒFk`…`µ—Fœ• z‚ivƒkD…'x{Fi}k

ª¯uw{i •^…kDx{Fp€†h…{ª?v^š‡z‰†‘kj{Aµ¨dfehkutk`ivz|p€z|phƒþz|i%v„ƒFk`…¬x{ikIª¯ut{Fi2v¨†hv[r<v„›€vF…k%{ª´…rtz‚­|­ z|i%vƒk`…

(13)

9´³hk`utz‚k`… )?p€…t·k`u

<¢z‚ƒ³huwkœ‘Ídfe€utk`k ¶s³hk`utz‚k`…¢·z|rtex­‚³‘rrwkjuwk`†}x{ih­‚k©}…txjkjphkD…¢vp€†8rwehkuwkrtuwz‚kjškD†8z‚ivƒkÏ¯{Fprwehkfutz‚ƒesr<Ð

ª¯{F³hp€†I{p%rwehk´· kj›[µ'dfehk;rw{„r<v„­Nps³€i›Nkjuf{„ª®†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…ºx{Fih³‘rtkD†ª¯uw{i rte€k`…tk?z‚ivƒkD…'z‰…”A—`l€”A—Dœ

vp€†Irtehk†hv„rwv›€v…tk´{‘x`x³hhz‚k`…?v„›N{³‘r”F•ÑS›:{Fp†‘z‰…tÉNµ

dfehk¹…rtz‚­‚­Uz|i%v„ƒFk%†hv[r<v„›€vF…k}z‚…8xj{iN{F…tk`†^{ªf…tkjšFkju<v„­…kD¶s³hkjp€xjk`…V{„ªfz‚ivƒkD…´·e€kjuwk}{Fphk}{urŒ· {

Av„u<v„ikrwkju<…š[v„uw²…t­|{[·­‚²µh<h{Fu?z‚p€…Œr<v„p€xjkNrte€kjuwk¬v„uwk…tk`¶s³hk`p€xkD…;·z|rte¨vIš[v„uwz‚v„rtz‚{pS{„ªUrwehkz‚psrtk`p€…z|rŒ²

{ªartehk;­‚z‚ƒesr…t{³hu<xkFF…tk`¶s³hkjpAxk`…Urwv„ÉFkjp%›‡²v8ut{rwv„rtz‚phƒ8{uºv8rtu<v„p€…t­‚v„rtz‚phƒ8xjvi}k`uwv€ ºdfehz‰…ºv­|­‚{[·;…rt{

rwk`…r;…Nk`xjz±ÌAx`v„­‚­|²¹rtehk8uw{›h³A…Œrwphk`…w… {„ª®rwehk8†‘k`…wxuwz‚‘rt{Fuw…fv„pA†I{ª®rte€k8utkjrtuwz|k`šcv­ai}kjrteh{‘†rt{[·fv„u<†h…ºrtehkD…k

Av„u<v„ikrwkju<…jµnqpIv„­‚­€rwehk´Ì€ƒ³huwk`…º›Ak`­|{[·8srwehk?p‡³hi¬›Ak`u{ª®†‘k`…wxuwz|hrt{u<…Urwe€v[rfx<e€v„u<vxrtk`utzMLjkkDvx<eI¶s³hk`ut²

z‚i%v„ƒFk¬z‰…8z‚p€†‘z‰xjv[rwk`†þrt{Fƒkrwehkju8·z|rte»rwehk¹¶s³hkjuw²Sz|i%vƒkµnqpÊv†€†‘z±rwz|{Fp&rwehk%p‡³hi›Nkju8{ªf†‘kD…txjutz‚‘rw{u<…

rwe€v[r;i%v„rwx<ehkD†z‰…z‚p€†‘z‰xjv„rtk`†rw{ƒkjrtehk`u·z±rweSk`vFx<ez‚i%v„ƒkuwkrw³hutp€k`†›‡²¹rte€k…²‘…rtkji:µº˜?{„rwkrte€v„r;rtehk

vcšFkju<v„ƒFkph{z‰…kV­‚kjšk`­¢ÏÇzYµkµ‚‡rte€kVp‡³hi¬›Ak`u{ª®i%v[r<x<ehk`… ·e€v„rtkjšFkjurtehk¶s³hkjuw²%z‰…wкz‚… ›NkrŒ· kjk`p/¬v„p€†þ—`•hµ

9´³hk`ut² );p€…t·k`uw… <Av„­‰…k8˜?kjƒ€µ

h—`– l„” l„”A— lF•sž œ B.

œœœ —— ž‡— œ

<¢z‚ƒ³huwk8lhÍUŽ{F›h³€…rtphkD…t… rw{[· vuw†h…š[v„uwz‚v„rtz‚{p{„ªz|­‚­|³€i}z‚p€v„rtz‚{p&µ )?pkj©hv„ih­‚k´·z|rterte€k¶F³€kjuw²¹z|i%vƒk

rwehk8kjz‚ƒesri{F…r;…z‚iz|­‰v„uz‚i%v„ƒkD…futkjrtuwz|k`škD†‘v„p€†v¬ªÇv„­‰…k8phk`ƒFv„rtz‚škµ

UüYüYëA[]$]_^`^`^baêSOKRYêýcìë„íŒñ_aPR]wï Q_f`ê]wëcéKT]wóï;ýgyíŒñj]wêSO8Ycíji\aUüOï c

Références

Documents relatifs

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST