HAL Id: inria-00072641
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072641
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
BDL: A Semantics Backbone for UML Dynamic Diagrams
Benoit Caillaud, Jean-Pierre Talpin, Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Albert Benveniste, Claude Jard
To cite this version:
Benoit Caillaud, Jean-Pierre Talpin, Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Albert Benveniste, Claude Jard. BDL: A Semantics Backbone for UML Dynamic Diagrams. [Research Report] RR-4003, INRIA. 2000. �inria- 00072641�
ISRN INRIA/RR--4003--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
"!#%$'&)( +* ,
-/.0$12
Benoît Caillaud , Jean-Pierre Talpin , Jean-Marc Jézéquel , Albert Benveniste , Claude Jard
N˚4003
September 5, 2000
THÈME 1
:<;>=@?BADC.EGFHJIJIDFLKNM0OPL;QFL=SR$THU;>VWVX;YFIJZNHJ=0OPL;QFL=SRX[#FLVW\P]_^_]>`K@;>IO@abIJc;>V$C
:<;>=ed;f=@HhgXCW;(O!EiIDFLKNM5;PFVWM@jGk
l&mon$prqtsu vxwXyzqX{}|f~q6y>y n$prq$y
q$N@oS
v/{}o&QqqXmoq$zmoq2} ¡¢u £fqXf qXp¤q$¥>¦L§}<u ¨GB{©qXy
ª¬«@$®°¯²±B³}® ´ l&mQq¶µ·.¸¹Jºo»½¼BqXi¾¿>oqXÀÁÀ»Q©xÂ5{o©|B{}©}q°ÃXpÄoz»Áyzq$y5Å{}»|oySÆ>q$yN}Çoo}{ »}oyX¦
pÄfoq$ÀQ mQq/ÇU|oQ$ »ÁB{}Ào{}zmo»½ q$$ |Qzq}¦_ mQq¤qXmB{WÅ>»}|o}Çe»½ yX}proq$_zyX¦f{}oÄ»Ázy!QqXoÀÁ²>pÄqX WÈ
É>B{}pÄ»Êo»{}©z{}pry&Qz°Å>»oqÊoq$yzX»Qz»Qy/ÇN mQq<$proq$ y{}oy>yzqXpˤq$mB{WÅf»Á|o$ÈÌN~Q{}ptÍ
oÀÁqXyi}Çxffo{}pr»Áo»{}©z{}pry<{}qX}ÀÀ1{¤z{ »ÁÎ{}oyqXÏ_|oqXQXqbo»1{© {}pÄyÊ ¢yq$X»ÁÇÐ3mo»©}m3Àq6Åq$À
{}¤oy z{}$z»oyÑÇUyqXÏ_|oqXQXqXy/}Ç@{}6 »}oy»Á_Å}ÀÁÅ>»Áo©iyzq6Åq$ {}À$proq$ y}ÇSzmoq¶y>y qXpÈÒ&$z»ÁÅ>»ÁÆ
o»{}© {pry$¦y{zqo»{}©z{}pry$¦{}oy { q$mB{} y{}q|oyqX¢z¬yzqX$»ÁÇÐb moqoq$ {}»ÀÁqXÓ¤qXmo{°Å>»Á|oÇ{
yz»Áo©ÀÁq¶XpÄoqX XÈ
ÔÆG mo»ÁyzqXÕqxoyzq&{oq6Õ9ÇU}zpr{}À»Áyzp¦X{}ÀÀÁqXrÖ×@ØL¦zyzq$Åq/{}y{yqXpr{} »¤B{}Ù_¤}oq
ÇUÊQ>B{}pÄ»GQ»1{}©z{}pÄy}ǵ·.¸fÈNÖ/×NØÓo»{}© {pryÊ{}ÀÁÀ°Õ0 oz°Å>»Qq{byzq6}Ƕµ·.¸bQ»1{}©z{}pÄy{
Ú}ÛÜ}ÝÞ}Û
Q>B{}pÄ».yzq$p{_z»$yXÈÔß{ÀÀ°Õxyz*yq$X»½ÇÐ( moq¤qXmB{WÅ>»|QG}Ƕyfy q$pry$ÈàÔßÄoz°Å>»QqXyÄ{
X}prpÄàyqXpr{} »ÁXyz( moq¢Q»ÁáqXzq$ .Q>B{}pÄ»¿o»1{}©} {}pÄyGu mo»Áy¬zq$}.{B{}ÀÁ>yqXy.»àoq$ {}»À
yzq$Ï_|oqXo$qo»{}©z{}pry{}oy{ qXmo{}zyXÈ
â pÄy»o©&$pÄQqX ySzq$Ï_|o»qXySo»ÁáqXqX Æ>q$y@Çf$pÄpi|oo»ÁW{z»ã¦Xy>omoo|oy@S{}yf>Í
moo|oy$Èäåmo»ÀÁq&{Êozq$X»yqxoqXyXz»ÁQ »Át}Ç moq$yzq/mo»$qXy»yq$yzyqX »{}À{oqXQÀ°>prq$_!y{}©q¦_»Á»Áy
|oyq$ÇU|oÀãQ}zi¤ moq$Õx»Ázm mo»Áy{qW{}ÀÁÄoq$yz»©}.y{©qXy$Èl@izmo»yÑqXoã¦LÖ×NØtyz|oQ y&{æBq6~f»¤QÀq}¦
o|B{À/y>omoz}o|oy ç}{}y>omQzo}|oybyzqXpr{} »ÁXytÇUt»Ázyr$prp|oo»X{ »Áoy$È9Ôßroz°Å>»QqXyy|ooQqX
yz|Qo}ÄÇUGpr°Å>»Q©èÇUpéyfQmozQ|oyz3{}y>omoz}o|oyrXpÄpi|oo»ÁW{z»(ÕxmQ»Àq.QzqXyqXÅf»Áo©
Q>B{}pÄ»yqXpr{} »ÁXyXÈ
ä3q»ÀÀÁ|oyz {zq& moq¶|Qyzq¶}ÇÖ/×NØG.{yp{}ÀÁÀLq6~Q{}pÄoÀq}ÇSyzq$Å>»$q{}B{}f{z»r»rzqXÀÁqXX}prpi|Qo»½Í
W{ »}oyXÈ
êìë@íÆîÆï°ð&íñ@ò½îÆóJô$õ
ö<÷ãø²ùûúüý$þhÿ¬ü6úúý$þ þ²þDý "!#%$&'&(&)+*ý6þ(°ù,hùý(-ù,.ý6þ /0hùý(21@ú
344'56778988: ;=<>;9?(@A:CB'<75@=D5@7EFG7
HI
!
IJ
K1>LM(/0ú#KNM(ù,21O'P(&Q9$R!#úST1*²þU(1
?=V<'W@=DYXZ:[W@=DYX\;=<Y;'?@A:B9<
]
N)^L_),1-`(ab)÷c),1(dK)N_)- þ @üù,hø
I
²þDùe)A`'fg)`-)°ùúãüù,hø"hi²ù,j'þßúJù,klK!zúcm(1("L_)`-)°ùúSüùnDøoLMp_!
J )
´ ozyq.|o o|QÅ}qW{}| ÇUzpr{}ÀÁ»yzpÄq}¦N{}oqXÀÁwÓÖ×NØB¦oqXy »QwèyqXÅf»ÁGoq.yzÍ
XÀÁq<ywXpr{} »ÁÏ>|Qqi{}|f~Q»1{}©z{}pÄprq$y/ffo{}pr»ÁÏ_|oqXy/Áµ!·.¸>ÈSÖ/×Nجq$zpÄq$oq$QÇUw$zqX/|ooq<yzw$p{}>Í
»ÁÏ_|oqr$pÄ q$prq$_ {}ÀqG©}À¤B{Àqb|o3yfy n$prqr»pÄoÀ»ÁÏ>|o{} ÊoÀ|oy»q$|ozyXpÄy {} zyXÈ 3qX|f
z{}o|o»Ázq¢q$ Ö×NØ9Q»ÁáwXzq$ y¬Æ>q$yboqo»1{© {}pÄpÄqXyX¦zqXÀÁy.Ï>|QqÀqXy.Q»1{}©z{}pÄprq$yroqywXÏ_|oq$oXq
|ÀÁqXyQ»1{}©z{}pÄprq$yw$ { yG¹Jy { q$mB{} yà ¦XqiÏ_|o»Nq$zpÄq$¶q$oyz|Q»Á qoqiX}pi¤o»QqX¶$qXy¶o»½áew$zq$_zy
o»{}© {prpÄqXy$È
Ö×NØ¢}ázqr{}|*mo»½~Î|QoqywXpr{} »Ï_|oqry>omooq¬}|({}yfQmozQq¬}|o<À{$pÄpi|oo»ÁW{z»
qX zzq.X}pry {_zyXÈ3ÂSq.o{}yzyz{}©q.oq.À|oQq ¢À!{}|Qzzq¬q$ytyzw$p{_z»Ï_|oq$prq$_t$ #"Àw¬|o%$$ q
© {}z{} » $zqX$XÈ
â
q$X»_q$zpÄq$@oÀ|Qy5Qq!æBq ~f»¤o»ÁÀ»Ázw{}|XQXqXf qX|QN|oSpr>o»½¼BqXy{zmo»½ qX6 |oq
À}zy&o|oz>Xq$yzy|oyÏ_|o»$oo|Q»ÁxoqÊÀ1{Gyw$X»Á¼oW{z»b»Q»Á »{}Àq{}|bow$oÀ»ÁqXpÄqX WÈ
&|Qy»ÀÁÀ|oy oyÀ!|Q »ÁÀ»Áy {z»iQqÖ×@ØGy|o|Q¬q6~fqXX»ÁXq'{}o{}Q{ »}roqyzq$Å>»$q¶qXÄ wXÀÁwX$ptÍ
pi|oQ»W{ »}oyXÈ
)+*-,/.102,3.54
6 798
®°¯:<; 5³}®= :
8 >
? @BA
±Q® Ö×@Ø A : 5CD;à«E F
§fȽs Ö×NØÄ». moqĵ·.¸ioq$yz»©}bæo²Õ ÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ G
§fȧ HBzp y{ q}¦ByqXÏ_|oq$oXq¦e{}Q¿B{{æB°Õ o»1{© {}pÄyX¦> tB{} »{}ÀãoqXy È<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ I
§fÈ¡ q$ {z»B{Àeyzq$p{_z»$yKJ!{}b»QÇUp{Ào»Áyz$|oyzy» ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ L
M Ö×NØ
± 8
;N=Ю²-OP=J5±QC2RTS
8
®°±U
6V6
¡QȽs WÊz{}omoyx{ozmoqX»Á&zq$ozq$yzqX { »Áoy ÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ss
¡Qȧ ÉqW{À»Q©iÕx»Á mbyfQmozQ»YXW{ »} È<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ss
¡QÈ¡ l&moq[Z¶»Áyz|B{}À£>>_ {~bÇUzmoqiÖ×NØ
â
}pryz»½ »Á
q$ {zzy ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ s²§
¡QÈ £>{ q¶ z{}oy»Á »ÁoyÑÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ sW
\ ª 8
EU± ^]_CDEL´¶®
A
E`]_CU±a=
8
:TCD;9®EbC Ec]
A : 8
EÓ9E_¯d<=h³Efe9gihkj ml
6bn
oȽs £fqXX»½¼BW{ »}.}Ç@zmoq gihkj ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ sG
oȧ £fqXÅ>»Xq{}o{}Q{ »}[JW{}ÀÁÀeÇUÕ{}b¿¤Q|oy ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ sG
oȧfÈÁs £>q$X»ÁÇÐ>»Áo©i moq{}Qo»Áz»B{ÀÇUqW{ |oq|Qyz»Q©ÄyXq$B{}z»Áy3ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ sG
oȧfÈû§ £_fy q$p ¤q$mB{WÅf»Á|oz{}ÀãyzqX$»Á¼BX{ »Áb|oyz»Áo©¬Ö×NØQ»1{}©z{}pÄy9ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ sL
oȧfÈ¡ qXB{}»o©izmoqyz$qXB{z»iÇU}yz|o¤QyzqXÏ_|oq$ »Á_zqX©z{ »Á¬|oy»o©Ö/×NØro»{}©z{}pry§}
oȧfÈ HBÀÁo»Q© moqÊyqXÏ_|oqXQXqQ»1{}©z{}p }Ç@zmoqpo
Þ}ÛÐÛqsrWÜtvu!ÞwtyxzqrÜ{cqtÝ9|}~
ÇUqW{z|ozq
»Á t{tyz»Q©Àq<Ö/×NØo»{}© {p ÇU&qX{}mXÀ1{yzy È<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ §§
oȧfÈû¥ ÔÆ zqX©z{ »Áo© mQqÖ×NضÇUqW{ |oqyzqX$»Á¼BX{ »ÁÕx»Ázmi moqz»Á©»B{ÀQÖ×NØÊyzqX6Í
»½¼BW{ »}¬ toqX»ÁÅ}qyqXÅf»ÁXq{}B{Q{z» È<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ §}¡
oÈ¡ £fqXÅ>»Xq{}o{}Q{ »}ã¦o{Gy>y qXpr{z»{}oo {}m|oyz»Áo©¬Ö×NØ ÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ §¥
oÈ¡QÈÁs l&mQqyq$X»½¼BW{z» È<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ §¥
oÈ¡QÈû§ l5 {oyzÀ{ »Áo©i moq{}Qo»Áz»B{ÀÇUqX{ |oqÊ» ¬Ö×@Ø ÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ §}¨
oÈ¡QÈ¡ HBÀÁo»Q© moqiÖ×@ØÄÇUqW{ |oqQ»1{}©z{}p » tqW{m¿$À1{}yyÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ §G
oÈ¡QÈ WÀ|Q»o©i}z»©}»B{}À¤>q$$zy/Õx»½ m. moqÊoq6Õyzq$Å>»$qéÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ §G
>
Eb]_C :S1=
85
Ö×@Ø ;_=U±
¯²± (
?V
¥fȽs ¾¿}z»ÁÅ{ »Áoy&{ob¤>qX6 »½ÅqXyÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ §wL
¥fȧ l&moq l/£.q6~Q{}pÄoÀÁqÊ{}o»Á y&QqXoÀÁ²>pÄqX È<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡Qs
n
=hW³ 5Wz= :
8 ± 8
;]E_¯]Ef³}®= dmE>
MQ\
ª ªp]_]E 8 ;_='U¬´ :L¯ 3±aC]@¯E>9E 8 ®°±f®=D: 8 :V Ö×NØ MV>
ÒȽs £>> {~ È<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡ ¥
ÒȽsȽs &{}pÄq6ÍÆyB{}$qXy&ÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡ ¥
ÒȽsȧ q6ÍÆ}zoq$zy/{}oo»qX6 qXb©z{}omoy È<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡ ¥
ÒȽsÈ¡ â
}pryz»½ »Á
q$ {zzyÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡ ¥
Òȧ £fqXpr{} »ÁXyËÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡ ¥
ÒȧfȽs Ö/×NØÄÕÑqXÀÁÀ½ÍßÇU}zpÄqX.o»ÁzqX6 q$©} {}omQy ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡¨
ÞÐÛÐÛ½Þw|x Þ}Û'{ 9|6Û {"{Y}$#%& QÞwt x
Òȧfȧ Ö/×NØÄzqXzpÄyx{}y&ÇJ{}pÄ»ÀÁ»qXyÑ}Ç@o»qX$zqX© {omoy2È<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡¨
ÒȧfÈ¡ l&mQq
}~{
o)(
t Ü{eÜ|c}
z{}XqÊyqXpr{} »$y&}ÇN{.Ö×@ØÄ q$zp ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡I
ÒȧfÈ l&mQq
Þ}~{
o)(
t Ü{eÜ|c}
z{}XqyqXpr{} »ÁXyx}ÇN{¬Ö/×NØr q$zp ÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡L
ÒȧfÈ¥ £_fQmoz .Å>yXÈ
Þ
y>omQz ÈÊÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈÈÈÈ<ÈÈ<ÈÈÈ<ÈÈÊÈ ¡L
,/.#* . *-,
£f»ÁoXqr»Áimo{}y¤qXq$y{oB{}o»YX$qX¤ *zmoq ¾ W »9sLLGf¦@ moqÓµ!·.¸3¹ ºo»½¼BqX ¾foq$À»Áo©¢ÂS{}fÍ
©|B{©q§}ÐÃNmB{y!¤qXq$r}r»½ yÕ{° ¤q$XpÄqx{}Ày{
x r$Þ
o
#ÆÜ
y{}QB{}zÄo»½áe|oy»o©Ê{mo»©mtyq$qX
»3»oo|Qy »1{}À$»z$Àq$yXȵ·.¸¿$pÄoz»ÁyzqXy<»(o{}z»X|QÀ1{} mQqÇUÀÀÁ°Õx»o©bÆ>q$yG}Çxo} { »ÁoyX¦5 mB{
¤o»o©GÅ{}z»Á|oyÕÑ m Õxmo»ÀÁqÊ»Á y&}Ç5Å>»q$Õ. moqÊyfy q$p J
B{Ù{©q{}oXÀ1{yzy&o»{}© {pry$¦QqXyyzq$oXq<}Ç@zmoqÊyzz|o6 |o»o©t» zÄ}¤>qX6 y
oq$oÀ°>pÄqX /o»1{}©} {}pÄy9J5 moq6{}zq|oyqX tyzqX$»ÁÇÐb{}mo»ÁzqX6 |oq
$ÀÀ{}¤} {z»oy¶{}o(yqXÏ_|oqXQXqbo»1{© {}pÄyr¹Jyz$qXB{z»}y}ÇzmoqrÆ>q¾qXyzyz{}©qb£>qXÏ_|oqXQXq
â mB{ y ¾¢£ â ÃvJ moq6{}zq.Æ>o»X{}ÀÀ½(|oyqXàz*yq$X»½ÇÐmo»©}m9ÀÁq$Åq$À/{}¤oyz {}6 »ÁoyGÇUtyzq Í
Ï_|oq$oXq$y}Ç@{}6 »ÁoyX¦foz>Xq$o|oqW{}ÀÁÀyX¦Q{}o.$prp|oo»X{ »ÁoyÑ»oy{}o$»1{z»o©<yzpÄq¶|oyqÊW{}y Í
q$y
{}6 »½Åf»½ÆQ»1{}©z{}pÄy{}o£>{zq â mB{ y J5 moq6G{}qÆfQ»W{ÀÀÁ<|oyqXt ÊoqXyX»¤q moq&¤qXmB{WÅ>»}
}Ç{bXpÄ}oqX W¦@{ÊÀÁqW{}yÕx»½ mÎzq$© {}zè b»½ yÊX zzÀhÈÄl&mQq$*{}zqtoÊ|oyzq$3 boq$yzX»¤q
zmoqiÕxmoÀÁqG¤q$mB{WÅf»Á}Ç! moqtyfy q$p¿È3HB¶qX{}mÎXpÄ}oqX W¦SQqGW{}è©q$oqXz{ qG mQqÄ$fQq
X{}zf»Áo©t|Q&zmo»y&$ z}ÀDÈ
£f|oQÇUxµ·.¸ÊQ»1{}©z{}pÄp{z»!o} { »Áoy»t¤_qX$ÍÆ»q$_zqXrpr>oqXÀÁ»o© >ÀyÙqXqXQy©²Õx»Áo©o¦
pr{}Ù_»o©x»ÁSqX{}yz»ÁqXS /|oyzqµ·.¸&»<{xÕx»Áoq {}o©}q!ÇoX}_zq6~> y$¦}ÇUz}p ¤B{}y»Ñ{}ooÀÁ»W{ »}oyeÇUSqXzyB{}À
X}pro|f qXy GÀ{}z©}q{}Q.XpÄoÀq ~¬y}ÇÐÆÕ{}zqÈ!l&mQq¶yzqX6 z|Qp }Çѵ·.¸²Íßpr>oqXÀÁ»YXX{}¤oÀq&y>y q$pryÕx»ÁÀÀ
©²Õ |QÕx»Ázm< mQqoq ~fNoz²qX$zqXGqXÀqX{}yzq$yN}ÇQ moqÑo}{ »}» Å}ÀÁÅ>»Q©qW{}ÀÍß »Áprq¦°yzmoq$o|oÀÁ»o©{o
qXÇU}zpr{}oXq¦SÊqX q$zo»yzqÄo»Áy »¤o|f qXΤ>q$$<XpÄo|Qz»o©QÈÄÔß<»yÊÀÁ»Ù}q$ÀÁ¿ mB{y|om({}Qo»Áz»oy
< moqGµ·.¸ÊÕx»ÀÀLo|QyzmboqXy»©QqXzyÑ i|oyq¶»ÁÑÇUq6Åq$À{}z©}qXX¦f{}oprq$z»Áz»X{}ÀLyz}ÇÐÆÕ{}zq¦oq}È©oÈ»Á
q$Àq$XpÄpi|oo»ÁW{z»QyÑÕxmoq$zq»Á&pÄ»©m &|QÀÁ »Áp{ qXÀ½Äyz|oqXXqXQqG£QɶÂÈ
ÔÆ mo»Áy¢X zq6~>W¦iq6Åq$ »½ÇÄzmoq(y{z»(yqXpr{} »$y}ǵ·.¸¹JqXÀ½f»Áo©7|o0{àÕÑqXÀÀoq$¼BQqX
$#DÞ
Ü9x 6Û
I1Ã<»ÁyiÏ_|o»ÁzqÕq$ÀÀq$y {}¤oÀ»Áyzmoq$㦠mQq¬ÇU|QX9X6fQqXyzyÄ}Ç/»ÁzyQ>B{pr»Á¬yzq$p{} z»Xy»yio°Õ
yzq$qXå{}yr{3pr{²toz{°Õx¤o{}Ù9mo{}prqX»o©Î»Ázyr|Qyzq¿ÇU}r$z»Áz»X{}À&yz}ÇÐÆÕ{}q¢y>yzqXpÄyX¦&Õxmoq$zq¿zmoqXq
»yr{*y o©(q$promo{}yz»Áyr9Å}{À»o{ »ÁãÈàl&mQ»y»Á_rmB{}yrzq$XqX zÀÁ¤q$qX7©»½Åq$7{*ÀÁ}Ä}ÇÊ{ qX>Í
»Á½s°¡f¦ G_¦ÑsG_¦ÑsXo¦sIQ¦s²¥f¦@§h¦N¤o|Q»ÀQ»o©3pr{} Î} mQqXq$ázy< ¿©»ÁÅ}q¬{bÇUzpr{}Àyzq$p{_z»$y
yz}prqµ·.¸¿{yzqX$zy¬¹h£>{ q â mo{}zysLh¦¾Ó£ â q$z}ÈÃ9{}ÙqX(»Áè»yz}À1{z»ãÈ|fzmoqXqr»ÁyÊy »ÁÀÀ
mQqÄmo{}ÀÀÁqXo©qGÇ©»½Å>»o©µ·.¸.{
Ú}ÛÜ}ÝÞ}Û
Q>B{}pÄ»Gyzq$p{_z»$yX¦ÇU|oÀÀ½¿ {}Ù_»o©.»Á {}X$|o <{}ÀÀN»Á y
Q>B{}pÄ»Äo»{}© {pryÊX}pi¤o»QqX*Õx»½ mÎ moqrXpÄ}y {}¤o»ÁÀ»½Æ{}o*q6~> q$oyz»Á¤o»ÀÁ»ÁÆè¤o|o©m <»*¤_Î mQq
y { »Áio»{}© {pry¹J»Á_Å}ÀÁÅ>»Áo©¬X}pryz»½ »ÁLç}{}©}©zq$© { »Á{}o»ÁomoqX»Á {}oXqWÃ6ÈÊl&mo»ÁyB{}qX¶yq$X»Á¼fÍ
W{ÀÀÁÄ »q$yxzÄ{}oyÕÑqXx mQqÊÇU}ÀÀ°Õx»Áo©Ï_|oq$y »ÁoyKJ
sÈ! /²Õ7z©»½Åq{<yq$ǵ·.¸o»{}©z{}pry!{
Ú}ÛÜ}ÝÞ}Û
Q>B{}pÄ»/yzq$p{_z»$y#"$ °Õ7z|oyqiµ·.¸Êz
o°Åf»Áoq
}~}$#%-}
Õx»Á m{GQ>B{}pÄ»yqXpr{} »ÁXyX¦BQ}xoÀ½¬¤>q$$zy&$pÄQqX y#"
§fÈ! /²ÕW{}ÕqÊ$zqX$zÀÁ.q ~> qXQÓ moqʤqXmB{WÅ>»}/Ç{tXÀ{}yzy/{}yyz>X»1{ qX.z{ty { q$mB{}X¦Lq}È©oÈÁ¦
{}Q{}¢ÔÆ q$ÀÀÁ»©q$_&q6ÆÕ}zÙ¹UÔ &¶ÃxyzqXÅ>»Xq< .{¬À{}» À¢l5qXÀÁqXomo}oqG£>>y qXpé¹h l/£oÃ%"
l&mo»ÁyGoz}¤oÀq$p »yÙ>Q²Õxà{}yi mQq.»omoq$z»½{}o$q.{}o}p{}À½&s°¨'D¦Ñ{}o »Ái»yioqXyqX »Áåµ·.¸
ÞÐÛÐÛ½Þw|x Þ}Û'{ 9|6Û {"{Y}$#%& QÞwt x
¡QÈ&äåmB{xofq$y&»ÁprqX{}b¬ moq©}À¤B{ÀeQ>B{}pÄ»Àq6ÅqXÀãzmB{ÆÕÑÄpÄzq¶ffo{}pr»Á¶o»{}© {pry
{}q.XpÄyzq$z©q$zmoqX¿¹UprqX{}o»Q©¢ moq$»Gyz|Qo} »Áo©èXÀ{}yzyqXyÄ{}zqbÀÁ»oÙqX mo|o©m $ptÍ
yz»½ »ÁLç}{}©}©zq$© { »Áq$Å}qX({¬y»pÄoÀqzqXÀ{ »ÁLà " â {ÎÕÑqt¤qGÀÁqXyzyÊB{»ÁÅqizmB{}èyz»ÁprQÀÁ
|oy»o©¬{}{}yfQmozQ|oyÊXpÄyz»½ »}¿yqXpr{} »$yX¦Õxmo»m»Áy mQqimoqXÀÁÀ5ÇU}oq$yz»©}oqXyt¹J$ptÍ
¤o»ÁB{zÄq6~foÀÁyz»Á¬}Ç5z{}o©q¶ÇSyyz»Á¤oÀq¤q$mB{WÅf»Ázy Ã{}o.»ÁprQÀqXpÄqX zzy¹Uzfi»Áoq $»qX Ã
{}ÀÁ»Ùq ".ÔÆyzmoqXq/{Õ{WG {}¤oy z{}$ mQqx{}y>omoo|QyçyfQmozQ|oy&»yyz|oq$yX¦>{}oÄoq$À1{Wi mQq
yqXpr{} »$yxmo»$q|o »ÁÀã moqÊoq$oÀ°>prq$ xo»1{}©} {}pÄy&{}qÙ_o°Õx#"
l5b{}oyÕÑqX¶zmoqXyqtÏ>|QqXyz»Qy¶ÕqG»Á_zz>o|o$qXè{oq6Õ ÇU}zpr{}À»Áyzp¦LÕÑqGW{ÀÀ5»Á<Ö/×NØ3¹ qXmo{°Å>»ÁÉq Í
yz$z»ÁQ »ÁÄÂ5{o©|B{}©}q°Ã5u {}ÄqW{}ÀÁiQzqXyqX { »}W{r¤q&ÇU|ooÄ» ½s}s hÈÑÖ×NØ»Áy{}»pÄqXÄ{!yqXÅ>»Áo©
{}y{yzq$p{} z»Xy¤B{}Ù_¤oqiÇUx moq¬µ!·.¸ÄQ>B{}pÄ»<{}yzqX6 y$¦ã»¢£fqX6 »}è§ÄÕÑqio»yX|oyy¶mo°Õ Ö×NØ
yzmQ|oÀĤq}ÈNä*q& moq$r|f À»Áoqx{© {omo»X{}Àoyf {~ÄÇUÖ×NØ.¹h£fqX6 »ÁÄ¡ >{ÊÇUp{ÀQoqXyzq$ {z»Ä}Ç
Ö×@Øb»Áy©»½Åq$»¢{oq$oo»~Bà ÈÒÀÁ mQ|o©m¿» Å>»yz»Á¤oÀqÊ Ä moq¬µ!·.¸Äpr>oq$ÀqX$¦B mo»Áyy> {²~ÓÕx»ÁÀÀSmoqXÀÁ
|oy<o»yX|oyy|oÊq ~o{proÀÁq¢¹U»oyo»qXèÇUzp {À1{}»Á ÀÁ*l5qXÀÁqXomo}oq¬£_fy q$p uå l/£oöÇUz}p »Á y
¤B{}y»pÄ>oqXÀÁ»o©»bµ·.¸ »½ yyqXpr{} »ÁXy z{}oyÀ1{z» Ö×@Ø{}oG»½ yq ~fzqXoy»t¤ G»ÁomoqX»Á {}oXq
Äo²Å>»Áoq{Äoq$Õ0Ô &0yzq$Å>»$q.¹h£fqX6 »}¿_à Èä*qzmoqX¢QzqXyqX ¶mQ²Õ moq<oqXy»©oq$X{}ÓQqXX»Áoq
{}yfQmozQ|oyxÅfy$ÈÑy>omoz}o|oy{& moqÊÀ{ q$yxy {}©qr¹D£>qX$z»¿¥Ã È
. 4 * 0
! #"%$&('! *)+-,.0/2143
HN»Á©|ozqbsÄoqXQ»$zyzmoqtÕ{WèÕqrqX Å>»y»Î|oyz»Áo©Ö×NØ¢»è mQqÓµ·.¸.oqXy»©ÎæB°ÕÊȬÔÆ*zmo»yʼB©|Qzq}¦
operator device
start() stop() 0..*
1 controls
idle
active stop() start()
ControllingSite RemoteSite
operator
start()
stop()
device
operator
BDL
device
simulation architecture
& code generation (symbolic) verification
HN»Á©|oqGsJÖ×NØ6587.µ·.¸9
yzq6Åq$ {}ÀQ}{z»QyÆ>o»X{}À@ÇUp µ!·.¸r{}zqyzmo°Õxã¦B{prq$ÀÁ J{$À1{}yy¶o»{}© {p¿¦{¬yzq$Ï_|oqXo$qto»1{Í
©z{}p¿¦e{¬y { qiQ»1{}©z{}p¦e{}Qè{¬oqXoÀÁ°fpÄqX Q»1{}©z{}pÈ<Ö×NØ{}»pÄy{» zqX©z{ »Áo©¤qXmB{WÅ>»}|o {}À
o} { »ÁoyÇUzp µ·.¸Ê» {<y»o©ÀÁq}¦>|oo»½¼BqXro}{ »}¤B{}yqX¬}.{ÕÑqXÀÁÀpr{ mQqXpr{ »ÁW{}ÀÁÀÁ<oq$¼BQqX
yzq$p{_z»$yXÈ/ÔÆ¢B{} »$|oÀ1{X¦Ly { q<o»1{}©} {}pÄyxyzmo|QÀ¢¤q<z {}oyÀ1{ {}¤oÀÁq»Á Ö/×NØBÈÒÀyzQ¦yqXÏ_|oq$oXq
XÀÁÀ1{}¤ { »}Q»1{}©z{}pÄyX¦BÕxmo»mè{»pË{¶q ~fozq$yzyz»Áo©byz$qXB{}»y$¦eymo|oÀÁ{}Ày¬¤q z{}oyzÀ{{¤oÀq
» z¿Ö×NØBȶäåmo»ÁÀqQ}¶yq$X»ÁÇÐ>»Áo©.¤q$mB{WÅ>»|oyX¦ezmoqioq$oÀ°>pÄqX o»{}© {pËmo{}y{}ÀÁyz.{rÅ{}ÀÁ|oqÇU
Ö×@ØL¦>{}y!»ÁÑ{}ÀÁÀ°Õxy pr>oqXÀozmoqQqXoÀÁ²>pÄqX {}zmo»½ q$$ |Qzq}¦f{}or»ÄB{} »$|oÀ1{ moqxÆ>q}Çã$ptÍ
pi|oQ»W{ »}|QyzqX¤q$ÆÕÑqXq$»oy{}QXqXyiJÖ×NØÕx»ÀÁÀã{}Ùqi{}fÅ}{_ {}©q}Çzmoqoq$oÀ°>pÄqX Q»1{}©z{}p
»rmo>yz»Áo©i{y|o»Á {}¤oÀÁqyqXpr{} »$yÑÇU mQqX}prpi|Qo»X{ »Á¿¹Jq}È©oȽ¦Qy z»ÁXÀ½ty>omoo|oy$¦B!|oyz»Áo©
o}z»Á¼BX{ »Áoy/{}y>omoo|Qyprq$yzy {©qXy Ã6ÈÒyÇU/XÀ{}yzyo»1{}©} {}pÄyX¦B mQq$Ó{}zqyz»ÁproÀ½bmoy yÇU
mQqGÖ/×NØro»{}©z{}pry$È
HBzp moq$yzqzqXÏ_|o»Ázq$prq$_zy& moqÇUÀÁÀ°Õx»o©o» X|QÀÁ »ÁqXy&q$prq$z©q J
£> { q.Q»1{}©z{}pÄyi{}q.{} »pÄq$ {z»ÁÅ}qyÆ>ÀÁq.}ÇQ}{z»eÈ
mQq.} moq$GmB{}oe¦!yqXÏ_|oq$oXq
o»{}©z{}pryq6~fozq$yzyyz$qXB{}»y$¦ moq6Î{}zqGoq$XÀ{} {z»ÁÅ}qt{}oÎq6~fozq$yzy{bQzqXÆÈtl&moqXq$ÇUq
Ö×@Ø¿yzmo{}ÀÀ@¤qt{.oq$XÀ1{ {z»ÁÅqo}{ »}¢»Õxmo»ÁmÎq ~fqXX|f{}¤oÀÁqtoz©} {}pÄyt¹JqÈ©QÈÁ¦ãÇUp,y{zq
o»{}©z{}pry ÃÑW{¿{Àyzt¤qÊyzqXX»½¼BqX¿{}oX>oqÊ©q$oqXz{ q$ÇUzmoqXpÈ
Éq$oÀ°>pÄqX ¢o»{}©z{}pryb{ÀÀ°Õ+ àyq$X»½ÇÐ $|oyzp XpÄpi|oQ»W{ »}oyιJqÈ©oȽ¦Êyzz»$ÀÁ7y>fÍ
moo|QyX¦N}|Qyz»Q©¿o »Á¼oW{z»oy}<{y>omoo|oyprq$yzy {©qXy Ã6Èl&mQqXzq6ÇUzqbÖ×NØÓymo|oÀÁ
y|oo{
xw|oÞ}Ûi}~{
o)(
t Ü{eÜ|c};:eÞ}~{
o)(
t Ü{eÜ|c}
yqXpr{} »ÁXy&ÇU&X}prpi|Qo»X{ »ÁãÈ
ÞÐÛÐÛ½Þw|x Þ}Û'{ 9|6Û {"{Y}$#%& QÞwt x
É>B{pr»ÁÄ»Áoy {}o$»1{z»ymo|oÀÁ*¤qry|oozqXÎÕxmo»ÀÁqÄQzqXyqXÅf»Áo©¢{bXÀÁqW{}Îpr{ moq$p{ »X{}À
yqXpr{} »$y&ÇU moqÊqXyz|QÀÁ »Áo©G¤qXmB{WÅ>»|QzyXÈ
ÔÆ moq¬ÇUÀÁÀ°Õx»Q©¢yz|o¤QyzqX6 »ÁÕÑqbo»yX|oyyr}|oG¤B{}y».»QqW{¢ÇUipÄqX©»o©¢zmoqbyÆ>Àq$yt}ÇQ»ÁáqXzq$
¤qXmB{WÅ>»|Q {}ÀãQ}{z»QyX¦QqÈ©QÈÁ¦oy{zq}¦ByqXÏ_|oqXQXq}¦{}obB{{æB°Õ o»1{© {}pÄyXÈ@l&moqXbÕÑqyÙ}q6 mÓÕxmB{
ÕÑq<pÄqW{}b¤ b{
xw|QÞ}Ûi}~ { o)(
t Ü{eÜ|};:eÞ}~ { o)(
t Ü{eÜ|}
yzqXpr{} »ÁXy&ÇU&$prp|oo»X{ »ÁãÈ
1 ) ) ! * !' ' /2143 '! , ) 1 1 '! )
|o¼ByÊ{»p »yz¬oq$yz»©}è{ÇUzpr{}À»Áyzp ÕxmQ»myzq$Å}qXy{}y{µ·.¸ ÆyzqXpr{} »Á¤B{Ù>¤oq ÈÊl&mo»Áy
pÄqW{}oy!»ÄB{} »ÁX|oÀ{} mB{!»½Ñymo|oÀÁ¤qyzy»¤oÀÁq& <z {}QyzÀ1{ qx» GÖ×@ØizmoqQ»ÁáqXzq$ o{z»oy
|oyqXÓ»ÁÊØr Äzq6ÇUqX& Ĥq$mB{WÅ>»|oyXÈ!ÔÆ¿zmoq¼B©|oqXy§f¦L¡Q¦Bo¦L{}Q¥f¦oÕÑq<q ~foÀ1{}»Á.Õxm_bÕÑq<mo{°Å}q
moyqX3Ö×@Ø.z¤qi{tÇUzpr{}À»Áyzp ¬yq$X»ÁÇÐbz {}oy»Áz»y>yzqXpÄyX¦»¿ÕxmQ»mÓz {}oy»Áz»zq$À1{z»oy
{}qyq$X»½¼BqX¤ .prqX{}oyx}Ç@o»qX6 qX©z{}omoy$È
â oy»oq$!¼By¼B©|Qzq§fÈl&moqx¼By!o»1{© {}p oqXQ»$zy!{}{|Q pr{z¹h{}ÀÁ»Ùqx{y{zq/Q»1{}©z{}pÃ6È
!
"
"
#
$&%'()
+*
$&%-,()
".*
$&%/'()
".*
$&% , ()
.*
$&%'()
.*
$&%+,0()
+*
HN»©}|ozq§J132+4658739;:-4<5=73:>7?:-4ÄÖ/×NØ 9
ÔÆ*zmoqÄyzqX$o(Q»1{}©z{}p,ÕÑq»Áoo»X{ qGzmB{ÊÕqro»ÁÅ>»ÁoqG moqry{ qXy» zÓ{yz»QÙ¹Jpr{}zÙqX*Õx»½ m*{
A@ Ãi{}o9{èyz|oXq*¹Jpr{}Ù}qX Õx»Ázmà{$6B Ã6È ÔÆ moq. mQ»zo»{}© {p¿¦y»oÙ_yr{}zq.»Áooq6~fq$à¤
{}o.y|oXqXy&¤ ¦fÕxmQ»Àq/ moq {oyz»½ »}oy{}q|oy&À»ÁyzqXfzmoq!|f~> {}}yz»Áz»r}Ç mQq moqXq¶»Áooq$
¤°~fq$y»Áoo»X{ q$yoQoq$zqXzpÄ»Q»yz»¶mQ»$q<{prQ©i moq¶zmozq$q<qW{}6 »}oyXÈl&moqÊy|oz$qXy{}obyz»ÁoÙ_y
{}qÕxz»½z q$è{}yDCFEAGIHJLK<MONMOPQ_¦prqX{}o»Q© mB{REAG(y {z»y¼oqXy¶ mo{oq°çy¶y{ qGqXÏ_|B{ÀyDK<MONMOPQÈ
â
ÀqX{}zÀ½¦Qzmo»y&yqX$oÓQ»1{}©z{}p »yx{Gzq$omo { XX»Q©ÄÇ@zmoq¼Bzy}oq}È
â oy»oq$<oq ~>¼o©|ozqr¡QÈGä*qrymo°Õ moqÄÀq6ÇÐÊo»1{© {}p,{.yzXq$B{}»bÕx»Á mè mQzqXqt»Áoy {}oXq$y
$ ' * $ " ' * $ ' *
SUTWVYX6Z [+T]\WZ
[+T]\WZ SUT]VYX6Z
$ , * $ " , * $ , *
" "
$ ' * $ " ' * $ ' *
$ , * $ " , * $ , *
HN»Á©|ozq¡J^132+465`_badc 7<7Y2 5e4A_0:-4Ö×@Ø 9C;K Q;f 6ghfT%sbi!Y !jC;K HJlkDQ;fT z&-Oim !Y on qp
mw &n qp%s ! m0K6MbNMOP/ !Y /wsbm 9r sput Oi %(/9!vpc 0w2Oi-Oi $$ ?x w
! %w^wyi%qi/ zp 9 ! & $n ! (3{e{" b|wRm3{ 9k w FiA}%~x!YWog
{}o.ÆÕÑtprq$yzy {©qXy¹J{}À»ÁÙ}q¶{GyqXÏ_|oqXQXqo»1{}©} {}pÃ6È@ÔƬ moqyqXX}o¿Q»1{}©z{}p ÕqÊq6ÍÆq ~fozq$yzyx»Áx{y&{
B{} »{}À}oqX$È£_fp¤ÀÕxmo»mÊq$ÇUqXyX¦» mQqyzXq$B{}»o¦² zmoq {oyzpÄ»yyz»}}ÇQpÄqXyy {}©}qÀ1{}¤qXÀÁÀqX
B¦S»y¶oq$XpÄyzq$*»Á_zb»Á yqXpÄ»yzy»è{oè»Á yqX$qXQz»ã¦Õx»½ m moqG}zoq$z»Q© xÈ
l&moq$㦠/q6~foqXyzyqXy/ moqoqX»o©G¤q$ÆÕÑqXq$¿zmoqXyqÊÆÕÑtprq$yzyz{}©q¶ z{}oypr»Áyzyz»Áoy&{y
yzqX$»Á¼Bq$3»ÁÎzmoqryXq$B{}z»ÁoÈÔÆè mQqÄzmo»*o»{}©z{}p¿¦ãÕÑqÄmB{WÅqqXpÄ°ÅqXÎ moqtÆÕÑÓq$Å}qX y
{}o²¦ã{}oW{ÀÀq$¿zmoqGzq$p{}»Áo»Q©rq6ÅqX zyy»pÄoÀÁ{}o mo»Áyy»pÄoÀ»½¼BW{z»b»Áy¶}yzyz»Á¤oÀq
Õxmoq$ b»yzmoq¼Byq6Åq$_Ê}»oy{}o$q¬s¦e{}oÊ»y/ moqiÀ{}yq$Å}qX Ê»Qy{oXqG¡f¦e»Á
Õx»ÀÁÀe¤qÊ|oyzq$Ó».}|oxq6~Q{}pÄoÀq}Ç@yzq$$z»boÈ
â oy»oq$¼B©|oqoÈNl&moq¶Àq6ÇÐQ»1{}©z{}p »yÑ{B{{æB°ÕåqXz{ }X¦_Õxmo»m¬$pi¤o»ÁoqXyÑoqy {}pÄoÀq
$ , * $ , *
$ , *
$ ' * $ ' * $ ' *
HN»Á©|ozq<QJD132+465! 67;:>7"34$#% 57'& 2>765_D:-4¬Ö×@Ø 9)(_ Oi2Oi m! on qp m &nWm !Y Dw
9 sp Yp fmsOi " omw z " !D}3{ m! onsqp mw &n qp%sg
}Ç*ÄÕx»½ mboqyz{}prQÀq¶}Ç*¶{}QQqXÀ»½Åq$zy&oqÊyz{}prQÀq¶}Ç,+°Èl&mo»y&»Áyx{}¤oyz {}6 q$Ó{}yzmoqÊzq$yz|oÀ½ »Q©
W{|oy {}ÀÁ»ÁÆXoy z{}» xb moqÊ»©m &o»{}©z{}p¿È
ÔÆμo©|ozqr§f¦So»ÁoyDCFEAG HJ-.QroÀ1{W¢{}*q$yzyqX »{}ÀzÀÁqG»yq$X»ÁÇÐ>»Áo©. moqG z{}oy»Á »Áoy}Ç! mQq
{}|Qzpr{ eÈÄÔÆ*X z {}yW¦5»è moqÄW{}yqXy}Ǽo©|ozq$y¡{}o*zmoqG 3{}oΤz }p o»QyQ¿o
yzq$qXp *¤q|oyq$ÇU|oÀhÈ l&moq$ Õx»ÁÀÀ&mo°ÕÑq$Åq$¬oÀ{°{èz}Àqb» moqoq6¼Bo»Áz»}Ç moq¿z|ooyÄ}Çy|om
yzqX$»Á¼BX{ »Áoy$¦o»DÈq}Ƚ¦B»¬zmoqX»Á&q$ {z»o{}ÀeyqXpr{} »$yXÈä*qQ»yz$|oyzyx mQ»y&» xo°ÕÊÈ
0/ 1 -1 ) 8 )2 . -43 1 8 '!-) ! ))+-1.
ÔÆ.Ö×NØo»{}©z{}pry$¦} mQq/yÏ_|B{}zq$yÑy»Á »Q©<{y!pÄ»Q»pr{}À>{}oÄp{~f»Áp{}Àfo>oqXy}ÇSÖ×NØ©} {}omQy!ymo|oÀÁ
¤qÓ» zqXzQzq$zqXå{}yry { q$yXȾzq¢QzqX$»yqXÀÁ}¦x{Ö×@Ø©} {}omàyzqXX»½¼BqXy¬{}ÀÀxyzy»¤oÀÁqz {}oy»Áz»oy
zq$À1{z»o©GQzq$Å>»Á|oyxy { q$y¹UÀ1{}¤qXÀÁÀq$¬¤ B¶Ã t$|ozqX /y{ qXy¹JÀ{}¤qXÀÀÁqX¬¤ @Êà È
5qXqXQ»o©zmo»yÑ»¬pÄ»Q㦠moq¼o©|ozq¥<o»yX|oyyzq$y moq¶Q»ÁáqXzq$ Õ{W>y z{}Xq$yW{¬¤q¤o|o»À½WÈ@l&moq
}iz°ÕoqXQ»$zyN mQqy>omoo|Qy!Qz>o|o$N}ÇBÆÕÑÊ{}|Q }p{ {Q¦z©q6 moq$@Õx»Ázm mQqXzq$yzoo»Áo©
Ö×@Øro»1{© {}p yzmo°Õxb moqÊz»Á©m xmB{}oby»oqÈ
l&moqÄpr»ÁÎ°Õ yzmo°Õxy<{
}~{
o)(
t Ü{eÜ|c}
z{}Xq¦@»ÁÎÕxmQ»mÎy{ qXy<{}qÄ|QyzqX({}y o»Áoy ¦prqX{}o»Q©
mo{W¦S»Î¤o|o»ÁÀo»Áo©¬ mQqÄz {}$q}¦@{ E HJLN.»yÊyz|oqX»pÄ}yzqXè b mQqÄQzq$Å>»Á|oyzÀ½Õxz»½z q$ E HJLNf¦
q$z}È(¹U mQ»yXzqXy}ooyi»Á*ÇJ{}6 Ózq$Å}qX »Q©Ó moqryzoÀÁ»Á »Q©Çxy{ q N>¦@Õxmo»Ám(Õ{}yq$ÇUprq$
»¼B©|oqt§Ã ÈÔÆ¢o}»o©ryzo¦o»oy{}zq<Àq6ÇÐÅ>»y»¤oÀÁq}¦{}o¢QqXo»Á$zmoqiy|oX$qXyzy»ÁÅ}qÆzqX{}$z»oy}Ç mQq
y>y qXpÈl&moqXe¦{G|o¿»Áy@|oyxzmoqÊ|oQÇUÀÁo»o©GÇ@zmoqXyq<qW{}6 »}oyXÈ
l&moq¤}zzp2z°Õ#yzmo°Õxy& moqXzqXy}oo»Q©
Þ}~ { o)(
t Ü{eÜ|}
z{}Xq¦Q»rÕxmo»mbo»ÁoymB{WÅ}q¤q$qX
qXz{}yzq$ã¦LyzG mo{/oÀÁB{} »1{ÀeoqXx}Ç@prq$yzyz{}©qXyx&q6Åq$_zyqXpr{}»ãÈ
ÞÐÛÐÛ½Þw|x Þ}Û'{ 9|6Û {"{Y}$#%& QÞwt x
$
+*
$
*
$
*
$
".*
$
".*
$
*
$
*
$
.*
$
+*
$&% ()
*
$()
*
$
*
"
! #"%$#&(' !')#+*(&%,"-/.
(0 #"1$!&(' #')!2*(&%,"-/.
HN»©|QzqÊ¥J4365+7;a8732+4 73439A_y7 7$ 7A_5+7;a9732-4 734;9A_0:-2>7<aocO_ 9
, .54 4
,/.
ÔÆb mo»Áy&yzqX6 »Áã¦oÕÑqQzqXyqX {iÅ>»y|B{}Àãy>_ {~bÇUÖ×@ØLÈ
/ 2 ) !' ! * *) *.~ -1 !)
ÂS{}¤qXÀÀÁqX¬Q»zq$$zqX.©z{}omoy&{zqzmoq¶o»pÄ»Á »½ÅqxÅ>»yz|o{}Àeq$ÀqXpÄqX zy»¿Ö/×NØBÈl&moqXqÊ{}zqÆÕÑGÙ_»oQy}Ç
Åq$z»Xq$yN»Á< mQqXyzqÑ© {omoy9J
'{}
¦Õxmo»m<pi|oy@¤qq6~>zzqXpr{}À Åq$z»Xq$y&¹UqX»ÁzmoqX5pÄ»o»Áp{}ÀSp{²~Q»Áp{ÀÐÃ
{}o
} }XÞ°Ú }
ȾqXyzyz{}©q$ymB{WÅq/ moqxÇUzp¦_Õxmoq$zqË»y!{}}q$ {z»¿¹J}! Ã}ÇeÆ>q
Õx»½ mG{}Gq ~fozq$yzyz»Á}ÇL moqyz{}pÄqÆ>q
ÈN»ÁoymB{WÅ}q moqÇUp C
HJ!QxÕxmoq$zq !#"
»yx{Ó{ »¤o|QzqĹJ&y{zqÅ}{z»1{¤oÀqWÃ{}o$%'&»y/{GoqXo»ÁW{zq}ÈÑ£f»©} BpÄqW{oy& mB{&zmoqÊo»b»Áy
{oqX$oo»½ »}Õxmo»ÁÀqyz»Á©@ »y|oyzq$¢ÇU/y $oo»½ »}oyXÈ/zq$XoQ»Á »Áoy{}zq|oyzq$¢ ¬q ~fozq$yzy
mo{ypÄq<$oo»½ »}oyx¿zmoq{z »¤o|f qÊpi|oy¤qyz{ »Áy¼Bq$Ó¤q$ÇUq{ÄzqW{$ »Á»y/q6~fqX$|Q q$ãÈÒÀÀ
yzXoQ»Á »ÁoyÇN{GqW{}6 »}.yzmo|QÀbmoÀÁb{ÇÐ q$&XpÄoÀq6 »Á¬}ÇS mQqzqW{$ »ÁãÈä*qmB{WÅqÊmoyqX
GÙqXq$$Àyq t{iyXq$B{}z»ÁiÆ>q}ÇSQ}{z»e¦Q{}À½ mo}|o©m.{} rÕ{W¬ÇSo {WÕx»Q©Gyz|omb©z{}omoy&X{}
¤q|QyzqXeÈ
ÔÆ mQqyqXÏ_|oqXÀh¦( HJ)¬{}Q*Èozq HJ+¬{zq/qXÏ_|o»ÁÅ{}ÀÁqX Ño}{ »}oyÇUÑQzqX$oQz»Qy{}Q¬yz»ÁptÍ
»À{}zÀ½tÇU
HJ,Ó{oÈyRHJ,ÕxmQ»m¤}zm¿QqXo}zq<y X}oo»Áz»QyXÈl&moqyzq$}Ç@ozq$o»X{ q$y
%'&}ÇÑ{zzz»¤Q|Q q-Ó»Áy{¬¤fÀÁqW{}¢{}À©q$¤o {ÕxmQqXzq/.10Ä»yzmoqGX}|oo6 »}}Ç!ozq$o»X{ q$y2*{o
0_¦L{}o-4350i»yzmoqÊo»yÐ|oo$z»b}Ç5 mQqÊÆÕÑyz{}pÄqozq$o»X{ q$yXÈ Z!{}À»Á¬z|oQyymo|oÀÁ¤qÊyz|om mB{
q$Å}qXèozq$XoQ»Á »Á}Ç!qW{m*qW{}6 »}»yÊ{¬ÕqX{}Ù}q$o»Q©¿}Çzmoqtpryzq$Xq$_yzXQo»Áz»°Åq$
mQqyz{}pÄqÊ{zzz»¤Q|Q q¦o»ÁÇ@»Á&q ~f»yzyX¦L{}Q¿}zmoqXÕx»yqÇ@zmoqÊ»o»½ »1{À$oo»½ »}ãÈ
q$zq»yx{}bq6~Q{}pÄoÀÁq}Ç{G¤B{yz»Ê©z{}om J
SÈozq HJ76 B 8:9D@6;=< B >?9@ ¹s°Ã
pÄqW{}o»Áo©¿zmB{< moqÅ{}ÀÁ|oqX{}z»q$3¤ (è{zmoq¬X|Qzzq$ GzqX{}$z»ã¦N»yi{ooqX(zÓ mQqÅ{}À|oq
W{zz»ÁqXĤ Ä{zzz»¤Q|Q q2.{!zmoq/ozq6Åf»Á|oy!zqX{}$z»ã¦_{ooq$À»½ÅqXqXt mo|o©mr} &{ mQq$|ozqX
zqX{}$z»eÈ
/ A - , 3 )CB 1 !ED! -1
Òyyzq$qX(»Áμo©|ozq¥f¦5o»Qy<{zqr{}ÀÁÕ{Wfy» Å}ÀÁÅ}qX3»Á*qX{}m*z {}Qyz»Áz»9¹Uq$Åq$(yz»ÁÀq$_QqXyà È.l&moq$
o²Å>»ÁoqÊozq ÍÑ{}oyÍßXoQ»Á »ÁoyÇU} moqÊzqX{}$z»b»Á$oy»oq$ {z»ãÈ
moq¢ moq$mB{}Qã¦q$ÇUq$zz»Áo©({© {}» (¼B©}|ozqè¥>¦x{3prq$yzyz{}©q¢X{}7¤qÓqX»ÁzmoqXrozq$yzq$_b}
{}¤oyqX »ÁÄ{<©»½ÅqXÄzqX{}$z»eÈÒy moq/oqXyzq$ ç}{}¤QyzqX &y{z|oyÇUprq$yzy {©qXyÑ»r{©»½Åq$zqX{}$z»t»Áy
»pÄ {} ÇUxy>omoo»Áy {z»Ó{}oX ÀD¦oÕÑq<Õx»ÁÀÀãqX© {z»Á{}y/{Äo{}z»X|QÀ1{}Æ>q{{}mQqX
GqX{}mbprq$yzyz{}©q}¦fÕqX{}ÀÀ»ÁÑ moq o
ÛÜ
oGF/}ÇzmoqpÄqXyzyz{}©qÈ!¾¿qXyy {}©q$yxmB{WÅf»Áo©i mQq¶y {}pÄq¶$À>ÙrymB{}ÀÀ
¤qq$»ÁzmoqXx{}ÀÁÀãoqXyzq$ x{ÀÀã{¤oyzq$_».zmoqÊy {}pÄqzqX{}$z»ãÈ
Òyq6~foÀ1{»oq$ÓÀ1{ qX$¦oÕqmB{WÅqQq$Åq$ÀqX¢{rX}zzq$yzoo»Áo©rÆ>o»Áo©y>y q$pËÇU}ÊÖ×@ØLÈ /qXo$q
XÀÁfÙ_yoz°Å>»oq<{ry|oo/ÇU/mB{}oQÀ»Q©Äy>omoz}o»yz{ »ÁãÈ&ÒyXÀÁfÙ_y¶{zqy>pi¤À»ÁW{}ÀÁÀÁrp{}Q»fÍ
|oÀ{ q$*¤ è|oÊÆ>o»Q©¿yfy q$p¿¦Ö×NØÓ}áqXy{*q$ÀqX©{} i{}Q*yomo»Áy »ÁW{zqXÎyz|oQ<z¿mo{}ooÀÁq
ÞÐÛÐÛ½Þw|x Þ}Û'{ 9|6Û {"{Y}$#%& QÞwt x
y>omQzo»Áy {z»Å>»1{ty> {~È/Ì{}m*Ö×@Ør qXp » ÅÀ½Å>»o©tpÄqXyzyz{}©q$yÕx»ÀÁÀãmB{WÅqi{Äyq$¶Ç o
ÛÜ oGF
9|QÞ# DÜ{}
zq$À1{z»o©/ moqXÀ>Ù_y}ÇL mQqo»ÁáqXqX pÄqXyy {}©q$yXÈl&moq&$pÄy»Áz»qX { yozq$yzq$_zqX
oq ~f/q$ÅqX{}À5{}o»ÀÁÀ|oy { qzmoqXyq<pÄqXmo{}o»ypry$È
/ 0/ ! ) B -3 1
! 1 1.)+ 1 1 1
)
l&moqÅ>»Áyz|B{}ÀÑy> {~3}ǶÖ×@ØèqX|oyqXyGyq$Åq$ {}ÀXpÄ}yz»Áz»ÎqXz{ y}ǵ·.¸y{ qXmo{}zy ½sWD¦
Õx»ÁzmbqXo»mopÄqX y/¤z²ÕÑqXbÇUz}p £>>o â mB{}zysh¦Byzq$q¼B©}|ozq¨QÈ
C A
B
block serialization
A B
C B
A
synchronization
A
composition
B
non deterministic choice parallel
A
Composition Synchronization Choice
A A
Parallel
Enumerated composition operations
x:t x:t v:t
HN»©}|ozqʨJ 5_o9F7+365+7:>74 2 :73cÖ×@Ø ad4<54A_ 5: 5e4 7?4cd2-73:-4q2v_ 9
ÔÆzmo»y¼o©|ozq3J
{yz»qXÀq$prq$ yÄ{}zq
Þ o # " # }
(l&moq${}q¬B{}pÄqX/¦q$z}È(Ò&6 »ÁÅ>»½ »q$yG{}q}¦qX»½ moq$
¤B{yz»Ä©z{}omoyyz|om {y»à¹s°Ã6¦N}X¦5zqX$|ozy»ÁÅ}qXÀÁ}¦¤Q {}»QqX3¤ è mQqr$pry»Á »ÁèqX { y
oq$o»6 q$»t mQq¼B©|Qzq¨QÈÒ&$z»ÁÅ>»Áz»q$yzmB{Ñ» Å}ÀÁÅq/pÄqXyzyz{}©q$y{}q$À>Ù}qX[J@Õqoq$¼BQqX¬ mQq
Þ o # "Þ#DÜ{
o
ÛÜ
oGF}Ç@ moq{}6 »ÁÅ>»½Æb{}yx¤q$»o©Gzmoq<y|ooqXpi|op ÇN mQq$À>Ù_y}Ç@ moqÊpÄqXyy {}©q$y
»Á_Å}ÀÁÅ}qXè»è»½WÈÔÆÎ}zmoqX¶ÕÑzQyX¦ moqt$oyz»ÁoqXqX*{}$z»ÁÅ>»ÁÆ¿»yÊ{$ »½Å{ q$»ÁÇÑ{}oÎoÀ½Ó»½Ç{
ÀÁqW{}ySoq}Çf»Á ySpÄqXyy {}©q$yS»yoqXyzq$ »zmoqX|ozqX @zqX{}$z»ãÈSÒ&6 »ÁÅ>»½ »q$yãÕx»ÁzmQpÄqXyy {}©q$y
¹U»DÈq}Ƚ¦omB{WÅ>»o©toÀ½¬oq ¬&y>XQo»Áz»oy Ã{}qqXpr{}oq$_X¦oÕqÊX{}ÀÀezmoqXp
|{
o
ÛÜ oGF
yx
l&moq
{eÜ{fx $#%t '{Y}$# o o)(
Ü o
¤q$ÆÕÑqXqX*{}6 »ÁÅ>»½ »q$y»ÁyÅ>»y|B{}ÀÁÀÁbzq$ozq$yzq$_zqXÎ{}y
Üt
}$#DÞ# } È
ÔÆ
Üt
}$#DÞ# })
{rpr}yroqÓ$pÄQqX ¬X{} ¤q¢{}6 »ÁÅ}qÕx»½ mo»Á {ÎzqW{$ »ÁãÈåÔÆàzq6~> |B{À
yf {~¦o moq¶Q¬oq6 qXpr»Áo»y »Ámo}»Xq»yQqXo}zqXb¤ !3ÈlSÕG ÍÆy{zqXymB{WÅ}qo»yÐ|oo$z»ÁÅ}q
{}6 »½Å}{ »}¬XÀÁfÙ_y<¹Uzmo»y&»Áyx{t¼By/q6~Q{}pÄoÀÁq}Ç{G$À>Ù¬qXÏ_|B{z»BÃ6È
ÞwtÞ}ÛÐÛ6Û
o
Ü&BÜ}$ # DÜ{
»ÁyqXoqXyzq$ qX{}y
Þw{mx
}$#DÞ# } Õx»Ázm
x Þ}
(
yx
À»ÁoqXyrB{}z»Áz»o»Áo©Î{
¤W~eÈÔÆbB{}z{}ÀÀÁqXÀXpÄ}yz»Áz»e¦>zmoqÊXpÄ}oqX yxyfQmozQ»YXXq. mQqX»&ymB{}qXprq$yzy {©qXy$È