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A New Formulation for Non-Linear Camera Calibration Using Virtual Visual Servoing

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HAL Id: inria-00072535

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072535

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub-

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A New Formulation for Non-Linear Camera Calibration Using Virtual Visual Servoing

Eric Marchand, François Chaumette

To cite this version:

Eric Marchand, François Chaumette. A New Formulation for Non-Linear Camera Calibration Using Virtual Visual Servoing. [Research Report] RR-4096, INRIA. 2001. �inria-00072535�

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ISRN INRIA/RR--4096--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

A new formulation for non-linear camera calibration using virtual visual servoing

Éric Marchand and François Chaumette

N˚4096

Janvier 2001

THÈME 3

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