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Further Results on Arithmetic Filters for Geometric Predicates

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HAL Id: inria-00073157

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073157

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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Further Results on Arithmetic Filters for Geometric Predicates

Olivier Devillers, Franco Preparata

To cite this version:

Olivier Devillers, Franco Preparata. Further Results on Arithmetic Filters for Geometric Predicates.

RR-3528, INRIA. 1998. �inria-00073157�

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ISSN 0249-6399

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈME 2

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Further Results on Arithmetic Filters for Geometric Predicates

Olivier Devillers — Franco P. Preparata

N° 3528

Octobre 1998

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Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis

2004, route des Lucioles, B.P. 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)

Téléphone : 04 92 38 77 77 - International : +33 4 92 38 77 77 — Fax : 04 92 38 77 65 - International : +33 4 92 38 77 65

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Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis

2004, route des Lucioles - B.P. 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique - B.P. 101 - 54602 Villers lès Nancy Cedex (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38330 Montbonnot St Martin (France)

Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - B.P. 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

Éditeur

INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, B.P. 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

ISSN 0249-6399

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