HAL Id: inria-00071993
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071993
Submitted on 23 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
HArdware Volatile Entropy Gathering and Expansion:
generating unpredictable random number at user level
André Seznec, Nicolas Sendrier
To cite this version:
André Seznec, Nicolas Sendrier. HArdware Volatile Entropy Gathering and Expansion: generating un- predictable random number at user level. [Research Report] RR-4592, INRIA. 2002. �inria-00071993�
ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--4592--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
HArdware Volatile Entropy Gathering and Expansion:
generating unpredictable random number at user level
André Seznec Nicolas Sendrier
N˚4592
Octobre 2002
THÈME 1
) 2( )43'5'2'67 89 ': ;3':8<(= >3/(=(? 2
@'ABCED<FGIHJAGIKMLNOKJPRQTSVUWFGIABCXNTGJCEY
Z([]\^;_;`badc2eXfg_Xhjilk5_mnfgolfpmq\^;_Xf
rtsquwvp_mbxzynr|{
c}hj~~Vujsgm2_sg_E[_s[_ jJwJabmqujsq_wjJa`E"~]hwI_Xf
5Xjj Z([_<hhw hw¡¡mpo¢uw£h¤shw]uj^¥Ji]^V_s'j_]_shmguIsW¦2¡mg[[j[§sqoJ~mgujIsqhj~[
¨
i]hj¡¡mg_Xf(uI'h;uj^;~ilmq_s} f(uj_uj£mq[_ _XImqsqhjRfqf©i]_Xf(uw£ªsqo«~lmguIjshw~[]n¡^;~_^;_Jmhmguj¬f
®¯y°¯±|²b±³O®nynsql¦(hwsq_°ªuIhwmg¡_<±tJmgsquj~«o²hmq[_sq¡]´hw]µ±ªkl~]hw¬f©uj¬¶Wf'h·]_¦¸fguw£¹mp¦(hwsq_
[]_isqf©mg ¯£ºujs(j_X_shmq¡]i~]sg_Elmqhj¡_shw]uj^»«i^V_sf(ujrzxzf}hj]W¦zujsq¼lfpmhmguj¬frzxzf2hw¬
¦zujsq¼lfpmhmq¡uI]fhwsq_.i½m;hwsquji]1^;ull_sq¤f©i]~¬_Xsqfqhjhjs^" squj~]sgul_EfgfgujsfXWZ([_Xfg_W~squl_Xfqfgujsfn£º_Eh¾
mqisq_5uI^"~]¡_k<[]hjsql¦(hwsq_;^;_X[]hjfg^.fmg[¬hmhj¡^¿mguÀ]sg_Ehjfg_"~V_sg£ºujsq^.hw]_j9yÁfg¡I½ÂVhwJm ~]hjs©m
uj£tmg[]_I¡uI]hwfpmhmg_"uw£7mg[_"^;sguI~sgul_Xfqf©uIs}fbujmbhjsq[¡mg_Emqisqhj¡o9«fg¡]¡_mg[squjiI[Ãmg[]_]f©mgsqi]¾
mq¡uI¤f©_m5³º_j]hj[]_XfXÄshw][1~sq_Xl mqujsfhw]1ilÅR_sf¶®¯y°¯±|²b±Æ_I_shwj_Ef}mq[_Wi¬_sgmqhj¡Jmpo
Jmgsqulli]_E"mg[_(Jmg_sq]hjfpmhmg_Efuw£¬mg[_2~squl_Efgfgujs«o _k«mg_Xsg¬hwl_I_JmqfX®¯y°¯±|²b±´uj^]¡_Ef_l¾
mqsguI~«oÇi]_sgmqhwJmpo¯Jhmq[_sq¡]}£ºsquj^Èmg[]_(hjsq[]½mq_Xmqishw¡ob¡«« f©_zf©mqhwmg_Xfuj£Vh¯^"ull_Xsg"f©i]~¬_Xsqfqhjhjs
^; squj~squl_Efgfgujs|¦2½mq['~¬f©_Xi]luw¾Éshw]luI^»«i^V_s2I__XsqhwmgujÊ
Ësqf©m"¦z_9f©[u¦Ìmq[]hm"mg[]_[]hjsq¦zhjsg_5¡ul¼¤ol¡_9uIiJmg_s"uw£2mq[_9~squ«_Xfqf©uIshj´V_i¬f©_E¤mgu
Jhmq[_s(~]hjs©m2uw£mg[_i]]_Xs©mhwImpo.Jmgsqulli]_E5«ouj~V_shmg;f©olf©mg_X^Á¡Jmq_sqsgi~mguj]fzmq[_Imq_sq]hw
f©mqhwmg_;uw£7mg[_.~squl_EfgfgujsEZ_]fbuw£|mg[uIi]fqhw]fbuj£|i~]sg_Elmqhj¡_;¡mqfXhw1¬_;Jhmg[]_sq_XÀ~V_suI~¬_Xs©¾
hwmgWfgo«f©mg_X^ÁImq_sqsgi]~lmguj9Àhj_shwI_jZ([_Ä]¦z_ f©[u¦§[u¦§mg[ f2_JmqsguI~Jo5Ihmq[_sq"mg_X[]
¨
i_
Xhw<¬_Wuj^]¡_E¦2¡mg[1~]fg_i]uw¾Ésqhj]luj^Í«i^¬_Xsj_]_shmguj<¡M®ny°n±z²b±}{«]_mq[_.Imq_sq]hw
f©mqhwmg_uw£n®ny°n±z²b±Î]i]l_Ef mq[uji¬fghj]fuw£}Imq_sq]hw|juIhwmg¡_[]hwsl¦(hwsq_Wfpmhmg_EfĪ®¯y°¯±|²b±£º_Eh¾
mqisq_Xf}h.I_sqoW[j[Àfg_Xisg¡mpo5_I_T2®ny°n±|²b±µhjfgu.sq_Xhj[]_Xf2hwÃi]~sq_X_El_Jmq_Xmg[squji]j[~im}£ºujsnh
fguw£¹mp¦(hwsq_2i~]sg_Elmqhj¡_nsqhj]luj^Ï«i^V_s|j_X_shmqujsEÐÊ^;ujsq_2mg[]hjÀ`XIÑámqfÇf7¦2½mq[WuwÅV¾Omq[_¾Òfg[_¡£
¦zujsq¼lfpmhmq¡uI]f|hj]rzxzf
ÓÃÔJÕRÖqר Ùj {«i~V_sfgXhw hwsW~]sgul_EfgfgujsEÄ2sqo«~lmguIjshw~[«ojÄ([]hjsq¦zhjsg_ÀujiJmg_XsqfXÄ2i~]sg_Elmqhj¡_
shw¬luj^»«i^¬_Xs}j_X_shmqujsfÄJuj~V_shmq¡;fgo«f©mg_X^9Äuj~V_shmq¡;fgo«f©mg_X^ÁImq_sqsgi]~lmgujÊ
Ú ÛÝÜgÞÉßXà(Ü2áâÞÉãTäå
æ|çèéêWëEìOíîðïpñÒògówôºõöô¹÷<öíñpøXùEï©úEñ©íùEìðò
Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes
IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex (France) Téléphone : 02 99 84 71 00 - International : +33 2 99 84 71 00
Télécopie : 02 99 84 71 71 - International : +33 2 99 84 71 71
:4.¿3/ ) (
uji]f"~sqeXfg_JmguI]f"®ny°n±|²b±}Ä|i´]ujiI_Xhwi jeXeshmq_is"l_9uj^sg_Efhj¡eEhmqujsg_Ef
^;~sqe«fg¡_Ef1®ny°n±|²b±Ì_k«~]¡uI½mq_5Jmg_shjmguj·l_Efemqhwmqf"^.hmgeXsg_ f ]uj´hjsq[¡mg_Emqisqhjilk¤l_Xf
~]sgul_Efgfg_i]sqfzf©i]~¬_Xsqfqhjhj¡sq_Xfz^;ull_sq_Xfz_mnl_Xf}fgolfpmq\^;_Xf2_k«~]¡uI½mhmguj
1_l_Â]_ hw "!$#&%('$)*2shw]uj^Á«i^¬_Xs}j_X_shmqujs2hjf2h;~shjmg hjÊhw~~squkl¡^.hwmguj5uj£h
mqsgi]¡oÃshw]uj^%«i^V_sI__XsqhwmguIsX,+Ò]f©mg_Ehj<uw£t£ºuIsg^.hj¡oÃ~squj_<i¡£ºujsq^ l fpmqsgilmq¡uI1hj]À£ºuIs©¾
^.hj¡o~squj_¡sqsg_X~squ«i]¡¡mpojÄwhji~]sg_Elmqhj¡_zshw]luI^«i^V_sj_X_shmqujs£º_Xhwmgisq_Xf-%!.#/"!% )
01.2 435 764#/4"'.#/"2 Whj]8%!.#/"!% )9:4;<=2>?!."'$:)@:#/A¦2[ ['hjsg_l_Â]_X9hIfz£ºuj¡u¦}fXÐ
BDC
wFEðj?G IHJE"KØ ÙIEOXLEð>EØ H Ð.¡m" f;uj^;~imqhmq¡uI]hj¡oMil£º_XhIf©_Wmqu1l f©mgji fg[
¬_mp¦|_X_'mg[]_l fpmqsgilmq¡uI'uj£mq[_ uIilmg~imqf(£ºsquj^>mg[_ I__XsqhwmguIs(hj]mg[_i]½£ºuIsg^l fpmqsgil¾
mgujÊ
BDC
wFEðj?GMEº ÔON Ø ÙEºPE"GQEºÕªÐW£ºuIs;hj«o¤uj]fg_sqj_XsuIs_Xj_ mg[]_'i¬f©_Xs"¡mqfg_¡£pÄtmq[_sq_9f"u
~shjmqXhwݦ(ho;mgu._klhImq¡oWuj^;~_mg_ hji]]uI^"~]¡_mg_ fg_
¨
i_¬_uw£j_]_shmg_E5«i^¬_XsqfX
Z([_"hhwhj¡¡mpo5uw£thjÃi~sq_Xl mhw_shw¬luj^=Ji]^V_snI__XsqhwmguIs2ujhWuj^;~ilmq_s¯fnuj_ uj£
mq[_W_XJmgshwfqfgi_Xfuj£(sgo«~lmqujjshw~][¡^;~_^;_XImhmq¡uI]fMRzujmg[Misqsg_XJm[¬hwsl¦zhjsg_"hw]Mfguw£¹mp¦(hwsq_
i]~sq_Xl mhw_sqhj]luj^»«i^¬_Xs2j_X_shmqujsf|hhw hw_¯¦2¡mg[9ujŬ¾Tmg[_¾Éfg[_X½£rzxzf}hw¬5¦zujsq¼lfpmhmguj¬f
hjsg_
¨
i¡mg_.f©u¦>³ðsg_Ef©~V_Xmgj_o¤`Xw¾q`EjMS]½mÇfUT¡`I`4V7hw¬´`E¾`XjW½mÇfWTLVº¶WXni_;mqu5mq[_s¡^;¡mg_X
mq[squjiI[~ilmEÄmq[_Xfg_Wj_X_shmqujsfhwsq_.j_X_shw¡o<i]fg_X1£ºujsj_X_shmq¡Ãfg__Ef£ºuIsf©uj£¹mp¦zhjsg_.~¬f©_Xi]luw¾
shw¬luj^»«i^¬_Xs}j_X_shmqujsf
®¯y°¯±|²b± ³ð®¯y}sl¦zhjsg_°ªuj hmq¡_9±tJmgsquj~«o´²hmq[_sq¡]1hj]·±ªkl~]hj]fg¡uI¬¶Y5 f.h_X¦=fguw£¹mp¦(hwsq_
[]_isqf©mg ¯£ºujs(j_X_shmq¡]i~]sg_Elmqhj¡_shw]uj^»«i^V_sf(ujrzxzf}hj]W¦zujsq¼lfpmhmguj¬frzxzf2hw¬
¦zujsq¼lfpmhmq¡uI]fhwsq_.i½m;hwsquji]1^;ull_sq¤f©i]~¬_Xsqfqhjhjs^" squj~]sgul_EfgfgujsfXWZ([_Xfg_W~squl_Xfqfgujsfn£º_Eh¾
mqisq_5uI^"~]¡_k<[]hjsql¦(hwsq_;^;_X[]hjfg^.fmg[¬hmhj¡^¿mguÀ]sg_Ehjfg_"~V_sg£ºujsq^.hw]_j9yÁfg¡I½ÂVhwJm ~]hjs©m
uj£tmg[]_I¡uI]hwfpmhmg_"uw£7mg[_"^;sguI~sgul_Xfqf©uIs}fbujmbhjsq[¡mg_Emqisqhj¡o9«fg¡]¡_mg[squjiI[Ãmg[]_]f©mgsqi]¾
mq¡uI¤f©_m5³º_j]hj[]_XfXÄshw][1~sq_Xl mqujsfhw]1ilÅR_sf¶®¯y°¯±|²b±Æ_I_shwj_Ef}mq[_Wi¬_sgmqhj¡Jmpo
Jmgsqulli]_E"mg[_(Jmg_sq]hjfpmhmg_Efuw£¬mg[_2~squl_Efgfgujs«o _k«mg_Xsg¬hwl_I_JmqfX®¯y°¯±|²b±´uj^]¡_Ef_l¾
mqsguI~«oÇi]_sgmqhwJmpo¯Jhmq[_sq¡]}£ºsquj^Èmg[]_(hjsq[]½mq_Xmqishw¡ob¡«« f©_zf©mqhwmg_Xfuj£Vh¯^"ull_Xsg"f©i]~¬_Xsqfqhjhjs
^; squj~squl_Efgfgujs|¦2½mq['~¬f©_Xi]luw¾Éshw]luI^»«i^V_s2I__XsqhwmgujÊ
Ësqf©mXĦz_.~sg_Ef©_XJmmg[_5®¯y°¯±|² ³ð®¯y}sl¦(hwsq_.°ªuj hmg_W±tJmgsquj~«o1²hwmg[_Xsg«¶¯£ðhw^;¡o1uw£}hwjuj¾
sq¡mg[^.fXZ([]_Xfg_¯hwjuIsg¡mg[]^;f7¡¬l¡sq_Xmgo;Ihmq[_sb³º~]hjs©mzuw£q¶7mq[_ni¬_sgmqhj¡Jmpo;Imqsgulli¬_XWJo;_kJmq_sq]hw
_Xj_XImf2Ãmg[_¡Jmq_sq]hwjuj hmq¡_[]hjsql¦(hwsq_fpmhmq_Xf}uj£ªmg[_~sgul_Xfqf©uIs2£ºsguI^>mq[_^;_X^"uIsgo[_shws[Jo
hj].mq[_shw][W~]sg_Elmguj^"_E[]hw]fg^9Z([]_b®¯y°¯±|²Æhj¡Iujsq½mq[^Ìsg_X¡_Xfzuj5mg[_[]hjsq¦zhjsg_n¡ul¼
ol_Wuji]Imq_sE'Z([]fuji]Imq_s f i¬f©_E¤hjf hj¤¡]¡sq_Xm~squjV_.mguÃ_kJmqsqhIm³ð~]hwsgm uw£¶mg[]_W_Jmgsquj~«o
£ºsquj^=mg[]_ ¡Jmq_sq]hwjuj hmq¡_[]hjsql¦(hwsq_fpmhmq_XfX¯¯Àisqsg_XJm}rzxzf¯hj]9¦zujsq¼«f©mqhwmguj]fXÄ«mg[]_®ny°n±z²
hj¡Iujsq½mq[^.fj_X_shmq_Xfªfg_j_Xsqhj«mg_X]ftuj£¬mq[uji]fqhw¬fªuw£Ýi]~sg_El mqhj_2sqhj]luj^ΡmqfXÄI.hj_shwI_jÄ~V_s
_Xj_Xsgo.uI~¬_Xsqhwmg"fgolfpmq_^=¡Jmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uIÊ
Z([_XÊÄJ¦|_}_k«mg_¬;mg[_b®ny°n±|²Èhj¡Iujsq½mq[^.fmgu mg[_b®ny°n±|²b± j_]_shmguIs}³ð®¯y}sl¦zhjsg_2°ªuIhwmg¡_
±7ImqsguI~«o´²hmg[]_sq¡¤hj]´±tk«~¬hw]fg¡uI¬¶ ®¯y°¯±|²b±ÁuI^_Xf.®¯y°¯±|²¯¾É¡¼j_9_JmqsguI~Jo¤Jhmq[_sq¡]
¦2¡mg[ fg^"~]¡_ª~]fg_i¬luw¾Ésqhj]luI^«i^V_sÊI__Xsqhwmguj"³º¦(hw¼n h2f©_X½£¹¾É^;u«½£ºo«(mqhj¡_¶Z([_t®ny°n±|²¯¾
±-I__Xsqhwmgujs(uI^_Efzmp¦|u;^.hvpuIs
¨
i]hj¡¡mg_Xf>Zh"j_Xsgo.[j['mq[sguIij[]~ilm ³º^;ujsq_bmg[]hj<`Ej"ÑámqfÇf
[&\
ïñ©í4]úEï_^(òQ`L]ba¬ú cd2ïe]ú(ìðï_aOëwï©ñÒò=f9]òQ`(ïpúòOìðíë$gh.cqòQ`ïpì"]úLh|òOïpñ<`úL]øùïa=a/]úEñ©ï-fÝïÊï&iEëFjí4]òVòQ`ïIa/cd2ïeaTíùìðñpïaJkl]7mï4m
uj£Ýi~sq_Xl mhw_}shw]uj^ÏJi]^V_sfq¶ªhj].hI_sqo[j[Wfg_Xisg¡mpo"¡_Xj_TZ([_nfg_Xi]sg¡mpouj£Ê®ny°n±|²b±
sq__Xf(uj9¡mqf2Jmg_Xsg]hjÊfpmhmq_j7Z([ f2Jmg_sq]hjÊfpmhmg_ uj]fg fpmf(uw£ª hjfqf© hjÊhmh^.hj~~¬_E9¡9^;_^;uIsgo
hj]<¡1mg[]uji]fqhw]]f¯uj£z]¡]hjsgoÃIuj hmq¡_;[]hwsl¦(hwsq_f©mqhmq_XfX.Z([_;juj]hjtfpmhmgi¬fuw£7mq[uIfg_;[]hwsl¦(hwsq_
f©mqhwmg_Ef} fnujm¯hjX_Efgfg¡]¡_IĬ_Xj_9£ºuIs}mq[_i]fg_s¯sgi]Wmq[_I__XsqhwmgujsE2y}«o9_k«mg_Xsg¬hw_Xj_XIm¯¡Jmgsquw¾
i]_Ef(^;hwvpujs2~V_sgmgisq]hwmguj'¡'mg[]f2Jmg_Xsg]hjÊfpmhmq_uw£mq[_j_X_shmqujsEyn«ohmgmg_X^"~m2mgu.]lsg_Emgo
uj¡_Em(mg[]_¡««fg¡_~]hjs©m2uj£mq[_¡Jmq_sq]hwÊf©mqhwmg_hw¡mg_Xsqf(¡mX
Z([_Msq_^.hw]l_Xsuj£ mg[]_1~¬hw~V_s9f'uIsgJhw _E hjf£ºuj¡u¦}fX>{«_EmgujÈ·]sg_]ofqi]fqfg_Xfmg[_
isqsg_XIm;~shjmg _'uj¢i~sq_Xl mhw_'sqhj]luj^«i^¬_Xs.j_X_shmqujsf +Ò {«_EmgujÄ|¦|_9l_Efgsg¬_
fguj^;_"uw£tmq[_.fpmhmq_Xfbuw£z¡Jmg_Xsg¬hwuj^;~Vuj_XJmqf¯mg[]hwm^;hoÃI__Xsqhwmg_i]_Xs©mhwJmpoámg[_;_kl_Eilmq¡uI
mq¡^;_;uw£zf©^;~¡_.fg_
¨
i_X]_Ef¯uj£7]fpmqsgi¬mguj¬f"Z([_<¦|_"~¬uI¡Jmujimbmq[]hm^;uIf©muw£tmq[_Xfg_.fpmhmg_Efhwsq_
]uwmlsg_Emq¡o<^"uI¡mgujshw]¡_;«oÀmq[_.i]fg_shj]1¦2¡7hw fgu'V_W^;ull¡Â]_X1«o<hj¡ªmq[_._k«mq_sq]hwt_Xj_XImf
{l_Xmq¡uIÀ5~]sg_Ef©_XImf
¨
i]hjImq½mhmq¡I_ ^;_Xhjfgisq_Xfnuw£ªmg[]_uIl¾Òhws[½mq_XmgishwÊ[¬hwsl¦zhjsg_ f©mqhwmg_Ef}mq[]hmhwsq_
^;ull¡Â]_X-«o¢uj~V_shmq¡·fgolfpmq_^¥¡Jmq_sqsgi~mguj]f.-mg[]_^;_^;ujsqo´[]¡_Xsqhjsq[«o´hj]-¡-mq[_]sqhj][
~]sg_Elmguj-mhw_Xf5¦2½mq[§h´{«i]§{«uj hwsq f.¦|uIsg¼lf©mqhwmguj¢£º_Xhwmgisq¡]´hwn½mqsqhJ{«~]hws ++Whw]-¦2¡mg[µh
¡«ilk¢r_Jmgi^ +_++"¦zujsq¼lfpmhmq¡uIʧ{«_Emgujµ1Jmgsqulli]_Ef;mg[]_®ny°n±|²¿£ðhj^;¡o uj£hj¡Iujsq½mq[^.f
Z([]_Xfg_hwjuIsg¡mg[^.f(Jhmg[]_s}mq[_ i¬_sgmqhj¡Jmpo¡Jmgsqulli]_X9À¡Jmq_sq]hwÊIuj hmq¡_[]hwsl¦(hwsq_ fpmhmq_Xf2«o
uI~¬_Xsqhwmgfgolfpmq_^Imq_sqsgi]~lmguj]fX·{«_XmgujÀ~sq_Xfg_Jmqfmg[]_'®¯y°¯±|²b±Ìj_]_shmguIsXÐ.hi]f©_Xs_I_
fg_¡£¹¾É^"ull¡£ºo«¡]Wsqhj]luI^=¦(hw¼<³ºmg[_¦zhj¡¼'f¯f©_X½£¹¾É^;ull½Â¬_XÃi]fg.mg[]_[]hjsql¦(hwsq_ol_ujiJmg_Xs¶2f
i¬f©_E'mgu5Vuwmq[Àj_X_shmq_ f©_
¨
i_]_Xfnuw£ªi~sq_Xmqhw]¡_sqhj]luj^hmhwÃi~]sg_E_X_Jmg_E9sqhwmg_5³ði~Ãmgu
`EjWÑÀ½mÇfbuj1isqsq_Jmn~squl_Xfqfgujsfq¶2hj]ujJmg«iuji¬f©oJhmq[_shw]~squj~]hjIhmq_mg[]_i¬_sgmqhj¡Jmpo
Jmgsqulli]_EM«o1_k«mg_sq]hj7_I_Jmqf¡´¡Jmg_Xsg¬hw7[¬hwsl¦zhjsg_Wf©mqhwmg_Efn¡£ºujsq^ f©mgsq¡]ilmguj
¨
i]hj¡¡mg_Xf
hjsg_;hw¬hwo X_XÝZ([_;¡Jmg_Xsg¬hw¡«« f©_;f©mqhwmg_"uw£|mg[_.®ny°n±z²b±j_]_shmguIs¯ fhw]hj¡o X_XÝ"Ë]hj¡ojÄ
{l_Xmq¡uIfgi^;^.hwsq X_Xfzmg[]f}f©mgi¬loj
!-#"D_ =%$'& )(*+&-,$
c}hj]luI^Ϋi^¬_Xsqfthjsg_(i]fg_X;.^.hw«osgo«~lmqujIsqhj~[ zhj~~Xhmq¡uI]f¡¼j_¯f©_Esq_mt¼j_XoI__Xsqhwmguj
uIsªhwilmq[_Jmg hwmguj"~squwmguluj f-+É£Ýhw"uj~]~¬uI_JmthjIi_Xfqf_j_X"hfg^.hwJ~]sguI~¬uIs©mq¡uIuw£¬mg[_2shw¬luj^
]½mfÄmq[_mg[]_(fg_Xisq½mpouj£]mg[]_(fgolfpmq_^^.hoV_(sqhj^;hwmg hj¡o_]]hwI_sq_XÝ9Rz_X¡hw]¡_zmgub~squlli]_
fqh£º_shw]uj^Á«i^¬_Xsqf( f2h"_X_XfqfghjsgoWuj]l¡mguj£ºujs2^;~_^;_JmgWsgo«~lmqujjshw~][JoI
.0/21 3547698*:<;=8?>
®¯hwsl¦zhjsg_mgsqio·shw]luI^«i^V_s.I__Xsqhwmgujsfsg_X¡o¤uI uI¢_mg_Xsg^; fpmq9~squl_Efgfg_XfX Z([_
^;uJfpm2uIJ«] ^;~_^;_Jmqhwmguj]fzi]fg_
¨
i¬hwJmgi^»^;_E[]hw fT`XlÄÝ`ELVÊhw]hwhj[_I_¯hsqhwmg_nuj£
i]~mquuI_;^"_XIhj½m~V_s fg_XuI]ÝcnhjluIhImg«½mpoÀXhw1hw f©u'~squ«i]_mgsqioÀsqhj]luI^]½mfWT`4Vtilm
hwmh'^i][u¦|_Xs¯shmq_'³TJW¡mqf~V_s fg_Xuj]]¶ÑÀhj«o'ujmg[_Xs[]hwsl¦(hwsq_ j_X_shmqujsf}_k« f©mXZ([]_o
i¬f©i]hj¡o._kl~uj¡mzmg[_bmg[]_sq^;hj¬]uj f©_b¡'__Xmgsquj n_«_XfXªËujs(]f©mqhw¬_jÄ +ÒJmg_XÊc}hw¬luj^ i^V_s
²b_X_shmqujs T`@JÄI V]i]fg_Xftfgi][.hbuj fg_jÄIhj]~¬_Xs©£ºuIsg^.fthwm7hw;hj_shwI_7shmq_2uw£Aw¯¼«¡uj¡mqft~¬_Xs7f©_EuI]
T`j`.VTª®}u¦z_I_sEÄj¦2[_nmq[_Xfg_nI__Xsqhwmgujsfthjsg_¯]hjfg_X.uIWuI5l_mq_sq^;¡ f©mg n~[«olfgXhw]~]sgul_EfgfXÄJ^"uJfpm
uj£mq[_^hwsq_bfg¡j[Jmq¡oW]hIf©_Ehj]u"]uwm}~]hIfgfzi¡£ºujsq^=f©mgsq¡]ilmgujmg_EfpmfqTV7³O{«_Emguj9¬¡` T V
¶
+Ò'mg[]_ hw]fg_]_¯uj£_Xl hwmg_X[]hjsql¦(hwsq_nshw¬luj^»«i^¬_Xs2j_]_shmguIsqf|uj9h;uI^"~]ilmg_XsqfXÄ«mg[_Xsg_
fWhM~VuIfqf©¡¡mpo·mqu¤_kl~uj¡m.mg[_sqhj]luj^;_Efgf"£ºsquj^¥[]hwujmg 9hws.mgisqi_¬_Ãlfg¼ sgj_Ef T VT
®nu¦|_Xj_XsJhw¼Iuj]fqfgujÀ_mhwT T V7_hwi]hwmg_X<mquÃujo<'shw]luI^ ¡mqf~V_s^"«ilmg_IÄÊmq[_5hw^;uIiJmuj£
~squj_Xzshw]uj^;_Xfqfmq[]hm(uji].V_n_k«mgshjmq_X;«omg[ f7~]sgul_EfgfXª{«i][Whwhw~~squIhI[ f7mg[_Xsg_£ºujsq_
]uwm7I_sqo ~shjmqXhwTJhw¼Iuj]fqfguj_m|hw¬hw f©u~squj~VuIfg_X;h
ilmg½mpo2^"ull_n¦2[_sq_n77¯½mft~V_s|^"«ilmg_
hjsg_.uIlmqhj¡]_XÝÀ{Jmhw]hjsq¤f©mqhwmg fpmqXhwªmq_Xf©mqf T¡`FV|¦z_sq_.i]hj_.mguf©mgji]fg[Mmg[_ujilmq~ilmuj£2mg[_
img¡¡mpo5^;ull_b£ºsguI^ÁmqsgioWshw]uj^>fg_
¨
i_X]_I
Ë]ujsgmgi]hwmg_X¡oIĬ^.hw«o_j_XJmqf}ulXisqsg;hWuI^;~ilmg_XsXÄ]mg[uIij[À_mg_Xsg^; fpmqJo']hwmgisq_jÄVhwsq_
fguji]sq_Xfuw£Ýi¬_sgmqhj¡JmpoIc}Ëxµ`@wjUTLVV_kl~ hw]ft[]u¦´mq[_}ulisgsq_¬_Xfuj£Ýhjsguji¬fª_I_Jmqf}³ð^;uji]fg_jÄ
¼I_o«VuIhwsÝÄll f©¼RĬ_mp¦zujsq¼RÄVX¶.hjV_ i]fg_Xmgu.]i¡ Ãh"sqhj]luI^>«i^V_s2I__XsqhwmguIsX7{«i¬['I_l¾
_XsqhwmguIsqf[]hI_2¬_X_W^;~_^;_Jmg_EeZJÂ]sfpm75Ê«ilkó "!#"$&%"' (*)R¶ÄEmg[]_.£ºuIs7^;uIf©m}]½k.~ hmg£ºujsq^;f
¦2¡mg[1mq[_.±tJmgsquj~«o<²hwmg[_Xsg X¯hj_^;uj,+wW®}u¦z_I_sEÄÝmg[]_oÀ~V_sg£ºujsq^¿hwmh9sq_ hmq¡I_oáu¦Îsqhwmg_óðh
£º_X¦«oImq_Xf¯~¬_Xsf©_Euj¬9£ºujs-" !#"$ %"'& (*)'½£tmq[_"^;hI[_ fn]uwmhjmq¡I_E¶nrtshjmg hwfgujilmguj]f¯
sgo«~lmqujIsqhj~[«oi]fg_'h~]fg_i]luj¾Tshw¬luj^«i^V_s;j_X_shmqujs¦2[uIfg_fg__E¤f"uIlmqhj¡_E·«oM_Jmgsquj~«o
Jhmq[_sq¡]Ãmg_E[
¨
i]_XfX·Z([f" fmg[_9hIf©_IĪ£ºujs"¡¬fpmhw]_jÄtuj£}mg[_'shw]luI^ Ji]^V_s;j_X_shmqujsuj£
rz²br/. hw¬5uj£107hjsgsqu¦ T¡`FV32I
¯ishj~~squIhj[fhw1_k«mq_]fg¡uIuj£7mg[]_Xfg__XImqsguI~«o'Jhmq[_sq¡]5mq_X[
¨
i_XfXZ([_Ef©_;^;~¡_X^;_l¾
mhmq¡uI]f¦z_sq_.i]f©ÃuI¡o<^;_Xhjfgishw_;_k«mg_Xsg¬hwt~]hjsqhj^;_mg_Xsqf.³Ohmq_jÄlishmq¡uIÊÄfg _.uw£zmg[]_5hmhÄ
]hmqh¡mqfg_¡£pÄtXq¶;¯ishw~~squIhI[À_j_Xsqhjj_Ef2mg[]_"^;ull¡Â¬hwmguj]fnmg[¬hm_k«mg_Xsg¬hw_I_Jmqf¯¡¬li]_;uI
mq[_juj¬hwÝfpmhmq_buj£mq[_^.hj[_~]hjs©mqihjsgo.uj'i^;uI½mqujshw_¡Jmq_sq]hwÊf©mqhwmg_XfX
.0/. 465 >,7981:<; : 476 :<;=:<>,?A@B:/C 4>#D ;=8*: 6FEBG> 46H:/DB817I: >,;6;
n~sq_Xl mhw_Àshw]luI^ I__Xsqhwmgujsf;[]hI_9mgu·_k«[]¡¡mWmp¦zu¤¡^;~VujsgmqhjIm
¨
i¬hw½mq¡_EfË¡sf©mWmg[_
f©mgsq¡]ilmguj9uw£mg[]_ j_X_shmq_X'f©_
¨
i]_]_uw£Ji]^V_sf(^i]f©mnV_ hjf2i]½£ºuIsg^hjf2~VuIfqf©_j|{l_XuI]ÝÄ
sq_~]sgulli]¡]mq[__khjm}f©_
¨
i]_]_buj£I__Xsqhwmg_EW«i^V_sf2fg[uji ¬_^;~¬uJfgfg¡]¡_~]sqhImg _I
.0/.+/21 46JK ;LD >,:8*>M?A8ONPC 4698%:<;8*6HG@<: ;NQ8A47RD ;L; : 4;ES@):<;81:
rtsqu«¡]mg[]hwm(hf©_
¨
i]_]_nuw£Ê]½mf7 f7i]½£ºuIsg^;o.lf©mgsqilmg_EW f7«s©mqi]hwo^;~¬uJfgfg¡]¡_I®nu¦|_Xj_Xs
^;uJfpm2uIl¾Ti]½£ºuIsg^=f©_
¨
i]_]_Xf([]hI_¯~squj~V_sgmg_Xfzmq[]hm}^.hj¼j_¯mg[_X^Á£ðhwfguj^;_hwjuIsg¡mg[^; }mq_Xf©mqfX
Z([_]hmgmg_Xsgo'uw£ªmq_Xf©mqfn£ºujsni]½£ºuIsg^%l f©mgsq¡imgujÀi]fg_XÀ¡Ãmq[ fn~]hj~¬_Xsn]i]l_Ef}mq[_ËJ+Òr|{«¾q`XI¾
`mg_Efpmf©_
¨
i_]_£ºujsbshw]luI^ÍJi]^V_sbj_]_shmguIsqfUTÄR_Jmgsquj~«omg_EfpmEÄR[] .mg_Xf©mXÄÊÑÀujJmg_.xzhwsq¡u.mq_Xf©mqf
TJÄ`X VÉÄ T¡`FVV2hw]mg[_
+©{lZ f©mqhwmg fgXhwlfgi½mq_(T VÉJX¯_[]hjsq¦zhIfhw f©ubi]fg_X;hjfmg[]_2_^;~sg hjJ_X«l_X]_
uj£mq[_sqhj]luI^"]_Xfqf|uj£mq[_s
ilmg¡¡mpo^;ull_shw]luI^Áj_X_shmqujsz«oWIhj¼juI]f©uI5_mnhwT T VÉ
ˬhw¡mg[_Ef©_mg_Xf©mqfb¦2¡~squj_ mg[]hwmhf©_
¨
i]_]_ fn]uwmi¡£ºujsq^"oÃl fpmqsgilmq_XÝrªhjfqfg¡5mg[_
mq_Xf©mqf}uJ_Ef(uwm}~]sguI_¯mq[]hm2mq[_ fg_
¨
i_¬_ f2uj^;~_mq_o5shw]uj^9Älilmn^;j[Jm}V_ uj¬f© l_sq_X'hjf2h
Iu«u«]l hwmguIsÊmg[¬hm¬]l³Ohw]_kl~¡uI½mq¡]J¶Êh}hIfmq[_|fg_
¨
i_X]_|¦2¡IV_|hj i]fgisq^;ujiJmqhj_
mhjfg¼R
XZY\[][_^#`ba]aZc]c]c#dbe]fU[_Yg_h&dji_flkaU[\miZYna\iZh\o_^\[nf]a
p]q
ìOïÒòðò:g-ríí>^
q
ì"]n4cñ&gó
Y\[][_^#`ba]aZc]c]c#ds^\t_^u"dbfUh]ta
íì
Y\[][_^#`ba]aZc]c]c#ds^\t_^#dji_flka
v Y\[][_^#`ba]aZc]c]c#dji_fZw]x\[\m_h_^gUxm dji_fykaUo\g]h]hfUc#dsY\[Uke
z
aOï©ï
Y\[][_^#`ba]a\i]{ZhniMdsx|i]{_edsx}U{Z[&d3tfU~naU*}y^|{_aU}l^|{Q\|MdsY\[Qk
éJ]ïQIcìQ^ ]baOcÊëwíëùFj@cì cqòðòTïpìg|ípòOï_aðò/a p¡íìJùEúL]píì"d ^L]baðòTì"] ùEòQ]íútípEúùLdB wïpìOaOïpøXùïpúñpïVòQ` cqò`Lca wï©ïpú ^ï&nïjíëwï_^
$grïpíìQhï/,cì"a/]bh4jb]@c7ínïpìòQ`ï j@caOòÊòQ`L]ìºò:ggï_cì"amVéJ]ïQJcì"^ ]ba9c_nc]bj@c_ Ljï cqò
Y\[][_^#`ba]a\{Z[\g_[&d3n{Qw#dm__wnanyt\m\fa
.0/.+/. <8;=:/> C 4698%:<; 8*6HG ;=44>#C 48DS@ 8#;LE ;=G2;:
+Ò'ujsl_s7mgu;f©[]u¦-mg[_~shjmg hwVsgsq_~squlli]¡½mpo;uw£mg[_bj_X_shmq_XWfg_
¨
i_X]_EfÄ«¦z_¯¦2¡Ýfg[u¦
mq[]hmzmg[]_sq_¯ fzu^;_XhjW£ºuIs|mq[_bi]f©_Xs|¡mqfg_¡£hj]5h £ºujsgmgujsq]£ºuIszhj5_kJmq_sq]hwVuj¬f©_XsgI_stmqu"uj¡_Emzmg[_
Jmg_Xsg]hjÊfpmhmq_buj£mq[_j_X_shmqujsE
.0/ +>#8#@ 4;=: 6F;6;@<79C :<;81:<;
n~sq_Xl mhw_.sqhj]luI^ «i^V_s I__Xsqhwmguj<f fg__X¤hjfh9^.hmgmg_suj£(fg_Xisq½mpoI{«_Xisq½mpoÀl¾
Iujj_Ef^;hj«o1uj^;~¬uI_Jmfmg[¬hm^.ho1¬_W]l«i]hw½m;hmgmqhj¼I_XÝ Rz_XXhwi]fg_;mg[]_5~isq~VuIfg_.uw£2mg[]f
~¬hw~V_s2 f(ujo5i]~sg_El mqhj_bshw¬luj^Á«i^¬_Xs2j_X_shmq¡uIÊÄ«¦|_¦2¡fgi~~VuIfg_bmg[]hwm2mg[_uI~~Vuj_XIm
^.ho9hjX_Xfqf(mq[_uIilmg~im¯uw£ªmq[_shw¬luj^«i^V_s¯j_]_shmguIsXÄmg[]hwm¯[_Çfg[_ ^.houj5ujÀhjf¯hWi]fg_s
hj]._Xj_hjfzhfgi~¬_Xsgi¬f©_Xstmgu;fg¡^;hjs|[]hjsq¦zhjsg_2~ hmg£ºujsq^.f7¦2[_Xsg_nmg[_¯sqhj]luI^Ï«i^¬_Xs|I__XsqhwmguIs
f sqi]¡¬ <__I_·uI]fgl_Xsmg[¬hm[]_Çfg[_W[¬hjfhI_XfqfmguÃmq[_5~]hwm©£ºujsq^4³º_j]9mq¡^;_'f©[]hjsg«¶
¦2[]_sq_ mg[]_"shw¬luj^Í«i^V_sI__Xsqhwmgujs¯fbsqi¬®}u¦z_I_sn¦z_;hjfqf©i^;_mg[]hwm[]_Çfg[_"hw<sgi]
uIoW¡'i]fg_s2^;ull_jÄ£ºujs2]fpmhw]_[_Çwf©[_hj]uwm}sq_Xhj5ujs2¦2sq½mq_hmh"fg_Xmguj]f(V_uj]jmqu;mg[_
shw¬luj^»«i^¬_Xs}j_X_shmqujsE
P*0 !-!9?" _q !9e_(5*, ! ! !Ie ! "! !9 ! _
"? "
+ÒW^; squj~squl_Efgfgujsªfgo«f©mg_X^.fti¡mzhwsquji]]"^"ull_XsgWfgi~V_sfgXhw hwsª~squl_EfgfgujsfÄwmg[_¯~sg_E f©_2«i^"¾
V_s(uj£ol_Xfz_X_Xl_E;mgu"_kl_Xilmg_h5³ðj_Xsgo.fg[ujsgm¶|f©_
¨
i_]_nuj£¡¬fpmqsgi]mguj]fzl_X~¬_X]fzuj^;hj«o"l¾
mq_sq]hwVfpmhmq_Xftuj£Ê[]hwsl¦(hwsq_}uI^"~Vuj]_Jmqf7¡]fg l_}mq[_n^; squj~squl_Xfqfgujsthjf7¦|_X¡Rhjf7ujW_k«mg_sq]hj¡_Xj_Jmf
mqu"mg[_~squl_EfgfX
+ÒMmq[f"fg_Xmq¡uIÊĦ|_;Â]sf©m¡ f©mf©uI^;_.uw£(mg[_uj^;~Vuj_XJmqfhj]Mhjfqf©ulhwmg_X1Jmg_sq]hjt[]hwsl¦(hwsq_
f©mqhwmg_Efuj£n^;u«_sq´f©i]~¬_Xsqfqhjhjs~squl_Xfqfgujsfmg[]hwm"^;~]hjmmq[_'Ji]^V_s;uw£¯ol_Xfmg[]hwm;fg_~]hjsqhwmg_Ef
mp¦zuÃf©i¬_Efgfgj_"sg_Ehjfuj£|mq[_.[]hwsl¦(hwsq_"ol_;ujiJmq_sEWZ([_ÊĦ|_Wfqi]fqfbmg[]_.^"_Ehw]fmg[]hwmhwsq_
hhj¡ hw_}£ºuIszhjhwm©mqhI¼j_Xs7mqusq_~squlli]_³ºIi_Xfqf|¦2½mq['hsg_Ehjfguj]hj_}~squj]hj¡¡mpo"uj£fgi]_Xfqfq¶tmg[_Ef©_
Jmg_Xsg]hjÊfpmhmq_Xf(uw£mg[_~]sgul_EfgfgujsE
)/21 W817 C 81:>,: :6;
_mi¬fuj]fg_sh¯f©^;~_|fg_
¨
i_¬_tuj£¡]f©mgsqi]mguj]f¡¬i]l¯hwm_Xhjf©muI_|uj]l¡mguj¬hwj]sqhj][
hj]uI_tuIhjVÇf©mgujsq_mg[¬hmfg_~¬hwshmg_EfÝmp¦zunuI]fg_Ximgj_tsq_XhIfÊuj£lmg[_|[]hwsl¦(hwsq_tu«¼ol¡_zuji]Imq_sf
Z([_¯«i^V_s|uw£ol¡_Efª£ºujs|_kl_Xilmgmq[ f|fg[ujsgm|fg_
¨
i_X]_}¦2¬l_X~¬_X].uj5sqhj][;~sq_Xl mq¡uI
uIilmquj^;_thw¬ujbmg[_|~sq_Xfg_]_ªujshj]f©_X]_ªuj£hmh2hw]]f©mgsqi]mq¡uI]fÝmg[_t^;_X^"uIsgo¯[_shws[Jo³t`
hj] nXhj[_EfÄwZ'IR(fq¶9+Ò;hjl¡mgujmgubmg[]_Xfg_|]hjsgo f©mqhwmgi]f(³º~]sg_Ef©_XImÇhj]f©_XJmujsªujsqsg_EmǦ2sguIJ¶Ä
mq[__kl_Xilmguj5mg^;_buj£h"f©_
¨
i_]_bhjfgu;l_~V_]]f(ujWmq[_~sq_X fg_bf©mqhwmgi]fzuw£hwR¡]f©mgsqi]mguj]fz'hj¡
f©mqhjj_Ef7uj£Êmg[_b_kl_Eilmq¡uI5~~¬_X¡_ItÑÃujsq_uI_st^;ull_sqfgi~V_sfgXhw hws|~sgul_Xfqf©uIsqf£º_Ehmqisg_b«i^;_squji]f
]ilÅV_Xsqf7mg[¬hm(uj~lmq¡^; _Xfz~V_sg£ºujsq^.hw]_jZ([_nsq_Xfg~¬uI]fg_}mg^;_¯uj£Êmg[]_¯^;_^;uIsgo;[_shws[«ofg_sqJ h
^; fgfbl_X~¬_X]fbujÃmq[_"~sg_E f©_"fpmhmqi]fnuj£|hwmg[_Ef©_"ilÅR_sfy2l¡mguj]]hwojÄRmq[_sq_Xfg~¬uI]fg_ mg^;_uj£
mq[_b^"_X^;ujsqouI5h hI[_}^; fgfz¦2¡Rl_~V_¬Wujhw«o.uj*]mg_Xj_XImzuj.mq[_b^"_X^;ujsqo"fgolfpmq_^
uIs(uj'mg[_ fgolfpmq_^Á]i]f
)/. >,C4M8DB@8?;E ;G2;=: 8ON : >;=: : >?4: 6HG ; : 6 : >#; 8ON : > C4M808*>#;";68A4
¯iszf©_Eisq¡mpohjfqfgi^;~lmgujóO{l_Xmq¡uIlI¶ fªmq[]hm|mg[_¯hm©mhj¼I_s7Xhw.hjX_Xfqfmq[_n~ hmg£ºujsq^Φ2[]_sq_
mq[_sqhj]luI^»j_]_shmguIs| f(sqi"¡'i]fg_s2^;ull_jÄlim}uwm}hjf(h"f©i]~¬_Xsgi]fg_sE0nfg¡]mq[_[]hwsl¦(hwsq_
ol_<uIiJmg_Xs5µujsl_XsWmgu ~squ«i]_<i~sq_Xl mhw_shw¬luj^4«i^V_sf¦|uIiuwm'¬_Mh·hw
hj~~squIhI[ý£|mg[ fhm©mhj¼I_sb¦zhIf¯hj¡_mgu'sq_~squlli]_mg[_;I¡uI]hwfpmhmq_uj£tmg[_"~squl_Xfqfgujs¯hj]Ãmq[_
mqu;sg_X~sgulli¬_bmg[_ fg_
¨
i_X]_I
rzxµuIs}¦|uIsg¼lf©mqhwmguj5]f©mgsqi]mq¡uIÃf©_mqf}lu.]uwmn~squ«_bi¬f©_Xs}¡_Xj_Xlsg_Em}¦(ho«fzmqu.^;uj¡mguIs2mg[_
Jmg_Xsg]hjªfpmhmg_Efbuw£tmq[_;~sgul_Xfqf©uIsX Z([_"i]fg_s¦2¡ªV_.hw_mqu9¡]¡sq_XmgoÀl_mq_Xmmq[_;~sg_Ef©_X]_"ujs
mq[_¯hj]fg_]_nuw£hhmh ul¼Wmq[_¯Xhj[_}«o;i]fg¡] mg[]_n[]hjsql¦(hwsq_}ul¼"ujiJmq_sz¡5ujvpi]]mq¡uI
¦2¡mg[1mq[_.sg_Ehjuw£zmg[_Whwmqh].{li][1hj¤hjmq¡uI<¦2tlfg~ hj_"ujmg[_Xs hmh'¡ul¼lfhw¬]f©mgsqi]mq¡uI
]¡ul¼lfªhw]¦2¡]hjfgu^;u«½£ºoilÅR_s7f©mqhwmg_Xfªhj]sqhj]["~sg_El mgujmqhj_2_Jmgsq¡_EfZ([_(¼«u¦2_XlI_
uj£Rmg[_¯juj]hj]fpmhmq_}uw£h^; squj~squl_Efgfgujs£ºujszhwWhjsg¡mgshwsqo~VujJm75hw«o"~sguIjshw^Æ fti]]hmgmqhw]hj¡_
£ºuIs(mg[_~]sguI~sg_mhwsqo;uw£mg[_~squl_Efgf(hw¬ %1.2 4#/"2 4V£ºujs(mq[_ hmgmqhI¼j_sE
Z([_2uIo ~¬uJfgfg¡_(^;_Xhj"£ºujsthw"uj¬f©_XsgI_smgusq_XuIsq mg[_2I¡uI]hw«Jmg_sq]hjfpmhmg_Efuw£Ýhb^" squj~]sguj¾
_Xfqf©uIsnfgo«f©mg_X^%¦|uIi 9¬_mgu5£ºsg_X_ _mg[_"[]hjsql¦(hwsq_ ul¼Ãhw]Ã~]sguI¬_"hwf©mqhwmg_Xf¯Ãmg[_"~squl_XfqfgujsE
{li][ £ºi]mguj]hj¡¡mpo¢f~squJ l_E´£ºuIs5mq_Xf©mg¤mq[_~squl_EfgfgujsWµl_Xj_X¡uI~^;_Jm5 hw]fXÄ2ilm'fuwm
hhj¡ hw_hm2i]fg_s2_j_XÝujÃuI^;^"ull¡mpoWrzxzfnhw]¦|uIsg¼lf©mqhwmguj]f
Z([_b«i^V_szuw£ol_Xf|__El_X;mqu_k«_Eilmq_¯hj5]fpmqsgi¬mgujf©_
¨
i]_]_nlu«_Xf|uwm2l_X~¬_X]WuI.mg[_
¦2[]uj_ juj]hjf©mqhwmg_uj£mg[_"~squ«_Xfqf©uIsXÄ]ilm¯uIo'uI9mg[_£ºshjmq¡uIÃuw£ªmq[_[]hjsq¦zhjsg_mq[]hmb½mbsg_Ehw¡o
hImq¡hmq_XfXË]ujs]f©mqhj]_IÄwh}uJuI~ ¦2[ [mqhIf©¼uI¡ouj]fgf©mqfuw£sq_XhIl2mg[]_|[]hjsq¦zhjsg_t¡ul¼uIiJmg_s
¦27_kl[¡m"hÃI_sqosq_Iihjs V_[]h«ujsE9yn´hmgmqhI¼j_s¦zuji]M[]hI_WhÃsq_Xhjfguj¬hw_.~squj]hj¡¡mpoÀmgu
sq_~]sgulli]_ hWfg¡I½ÂVhwJmn~¬hwsgmnuw£mg[]_fqhw^;_fg_
¨
i_¬_j}Z([]_sq_£ºujsq_mq[_ shw]luI^=I__XsqhwmguIs}f©[uIi
hImq¡hmq_h hwsqj_¯£ºshjmq¡uIuj£mq[_i^;uI½mqujshw_b[]hwsl¦(hwsq_bf©mqhwmg_Xf('mg[_~]sgul_EfgfgujsE
®nu¦|_Xj_sEÄJu^.hmgmg_Xs|mq[_hjmq¡hwmg_X5[]hwsl¦(hwsq_nuI^;~¡_kl½mpoIÄI5mq[_hw]fg_]_nuj£_k«mg_Xsg¬hwV¡vp_E¾
mq¡uIÃuw£t_X¦fpmhmg_EfÄRhw«o9hwjuIsg¡mg[^=¦|uIi 9ujo~]sgulli]_l_mg_sq^;¡]f©mg sq_Xfgi¡mqfX}Z([_ uj~V_shmq¡]
fgolfpmq_^ Imq_sqsgi]~lmguj]f³ðhj]·hw|mg[__k«mg_Xsg]hj7_Xj_Jmfq¶ ¡Jmgsqulli]_5^;ull½ÂVhmq¡uI]f uj£2mg[_'Imq_sq]hw
[¬hwsl¦zhjsg_bfpmhmq_Xf(uw£mg[]_~sgul_Xfqf©uIsX
y¯f}h;uj¬f©_
¨
i]_]_jÐ
2('$ 64#, = "!$#<%'.)* % =(23 O.=.%#<286Z ?2 )* %!.#/ % #& % 640!% 0# % 3 2 0#
21 ?3 2 0:#<2%('$)*W ?% 6% 64#<%#<.6 #b %# % #<2?!U ? :# %!U 2 $%#Q: 64AL6#&$3
:?#&.44F=#
&!-*J _( "7$ "(%!A %!-?? &_" - *+ ! , P? P*! "
%J! "
yn^"uI"mg[_ f©mqhwmg_Ef7mq[]hmnhjsg_hÅR_Xmg_E5«o5hjuI~¬_Xsqhwmg"fgolfpmq_^ÁJmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uI]fÄl_m2i]f2½mq_mg[_
ujJmg_XJmqfuw£(mq[_W]fpmqsgi¬mguj¤hj]MhmhÃhj[]_XfXÄÊmg[]_.mgshw]fg hmguj1ilÅR_sfW³OZ'9R(fq¶Ämq[_ 9hj[]_
hj]5mg[_shw¬[~sq_Xmguj9fpmqsgi]mgisq_XfX
+Òmg[ fªfg_Xmq¡uIÊĦz_|sq_~Vujsgm_Efpmq¡^.hmq_Xfujmg[]_|^;¡^i^Æ«i^¬_Xsqfuw£Vu«¼lfujs_Jmqsg_Xfmg[]hwmthwsq_
fg~ hj_E£ºsquj^hmhJÇ¡]f©mgsqi]mguj t`Ç 2hI[_Xfhw] ¡]f©mgsqi]mgujVÇwhmh}Z'9R(f«oh¯f©I¡_|uj~V_shm©¾
fgolfpmq_^ÆJmg_sqsqi~lmgujI+ÒJmgi]½mq¡I_o mg[]fªsq_~]sg_Ef©_XImfªh^;¡^.hw_Xhwi]hmq¡uIuj£¬mq[_}~V_sgmgisq]hmq¡uI
Jmgsqulli]_E«omq[_2Imq_sqsgi]~lmgujÊJ1_}hw f©ubsg_X~¬uIs©mmq[_
^;^i^(i^i]hwmg_X"~V_sgmgisq]hwmguj¦2¡mg[
`Ej9uI]fg_Ximgj_;¡Jmq_sqsgi~mguj]fX5Z([_Ef©_.«i^¬_Xsqfhjsg_;sq_~Vujsgmg_X<£ºuIsh'ujl¾ÉuIhj_X<^;hI[_À³ºu
ujmg[_Xs}[_EhJo5~sgul_Xfqf(sgi]¡]J¶(fg¡]_ ¦2¡mg[Ãh;¡uJhjl_E'^;hI[_^;ujsq_¡ul¼lf³ºÀhj_Xsqhjj_¶t¦2¡¬_
_X«mg_XÊ
¯is2_Xhwi]hmq¡uI5¦(hjf(luj]_buI'h;{«i 1ujsq¼lfpmhmguj5£º_Xhwmgisq¡]"hj n½mqsqhIf©~]hjsq+_+zsgi]¦2¡mg[
{luj hwsqfXyÈ~¬hwsgmg hwÊhw¬hwo«fg f|uj£h ¡«ilk5r(x-£º_Ehmgi]sg.h"r_XJmgi^ ++_+(f2hjfgu;~sq_Xfg_Jmg_EÝ
/21 JC >#4;=7 >,: : 6HG7>?: /8DB81G8O>
1_"uj]fg l_sb[_sq_Â]I_^;_X^"uIsg XhwmgujÀf©mgsqi]mqisq_XfX1_"fgi]_Xfqf©j_X¡o'^;_XhIf©isq_ mq[_^;~]hjmbuj£
~]sgul_EfgfzJmg_sqsqi~lmguj¬f(JoWmg[_uI~¬_Xsqhwmg"fgolfpmq_^=ujmg[_Ef©_[]hjsq¦zhjsg_bfpmqsgi]mgisq_Xf2hIfz£ºuj¡u¦Ð
yn<hwjuIsg¡mg[]^=i]fgh5¦|uIsg¼«Wf©_m¯mq[]hmb^;__mf}mq[_;f© _uw£ªmg[]_[]hjsq¦zhjsg_ f©mgsqi]mqisq_ fnshwÊ
yµ¦2[¡_b¡u«uI~.uj.mq[_¯[¬hwsl¦zhjsg_}¡ul¼;uIiJmg_s|¦zhj½mft£ºuIstmq[_¯ulXisqsg_X]_2uj£hwWuI~¬_Xsqhwmgfgolfpmq_^
Jmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uIʪ¯"mq[_}sq_mgi]sg"£ºsquj^Îmg[_}Jmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uIÊÄj¦2[_(mg[_}¦zujsq¼«¡]fg_m|f7sg_X¡]f©mqhj¡_X";mg[_
[¬hwsl¦zhjsg_.f©mgsqi]mqisq_jÄmg[_[]hwsl¦(hwsq_;¡ul¼MuIiJmg_sfi]fg_X1mgu<l_mq_sq^"_W¦2[][·_X¡_X^;_Jm¦z_sq_
fg~ hj_E«omg[_zImq_sqsgi]~lmgujÊI [_"hjX_Xfqfg¡¯]hj¼h¯hmhJÇ]f©mgsqi]mq¡uI ul¼;³ðujshn]_¦·~]hjj_¶
hw£¹mg_Xs2mg[_sg_mgisq'£ºsguI^>mq[_ Jmg_sqsqi~lmgujÄ]¦z_mg^;_X9¡mqfbhj_Xfqf(¦2½mq[Ãmg[]_ []hwsl¦(hwsq_uji]Imq_sE2Ëujs
_Ehj[9uw£mq[_f©mgsqi]mqisg_EfÄ]¦|_ ¦z_sq_ hw]¡_mqu5l_mq_sq^;¡_h;mg[sq_Xfg[uI']l hmq¡].¦2[_mq[_snmg[_ ]¡ul¼
[¬hjf2V__XÀlfg~ hj_X'ujs}]uwm}£ºuIs2mg[_ }¡mgshI{«~]hjsqq++¬Ë]ujs2mq[_ r_Jmgi^ +_++z£º_Xhmqisq¡.uIilm©¾Éuw£¹¾Éujsl_Xs
_kl_XimgujÊÄluIis2_hwi]hwmguj'¦zhIf|^i][9^;ujsq_blWi¡m¯hj]5 f2uI¡o5~]hwsgmg hwT
/. :6HG;<;; 81: G: 46 C6948 6H:<D 81G694;;
/.+/21 1 D6 : 68?698 >#;
Z([_5n½mqsqhJ{«~]hjsq t`.hwmqhÃXhj[_"fW` (S«oJmg_;hw¬1¡sq_Xm©¾É^;hj~~V_XÝM+Ém£º_Ehmqisg_Ef l` J¾ÉJoJmq_
Xhj[_f©_EmguIsqfXy^; fgfn£º_m[_Xf¯ujo¤` WJoJmq_Xf¯¦2[¡_mg[_;f©_EuI]¤` w¾T«oJmg_¡ul¼9¦2¡V_£º_mq[_E
uIouj_^.hw]ÊZ([_2f©mqhwmg_zuw£Vfg_XmguIsulhmq¡uI fmg[_Xsg_£ºujsq_|sq_~sq_Xfg_Jmq_X«omq[_(~[«o«fg hw«hj]lsg_Efgf
uj£Êmg[]_]hmqh"fg_Xmqujsz^.hw~~V_XujJmgu"¡m(hj]Wmq[_b~sg_Ef©_X]_Çhj]f©_X]_¯uw£Êmq[_bmp¦|u[]hwj_Efzuw£Êmq[_f©_EmguIsX
1_2_kl~V_sq¡^;_Jmhw¡o^;_XhIf©i]sg_Emg[¬hmªuj;hbujl¾ÉuIhj_X^.hj[]¡_(^;uIf©mªuw£¬mg[_(uj~V_shmq¡]bfgolfpmq_^
Xhw«mguIi][hj¬uIilm/jw¾Òjj}hwmqhhI[_(f©_EmguIsqf(³ð¦2½mq[;h¯~V_Xhw¼hwsquji]5`XI¾`j`Xnhj[]_(fg_XmguIsqf¶Ê¦2[]¡_jÄ
_~V_]luj9mg[]_sqi]fXÄ`¾q`EÁuj£mg[_uj~V_shmg5fgolfpmq_^Íhj¡ fnl fg~hI_hj¡^;uJfpm¯hj¡mg[]_ul¼«f
£ºsquj^Ímq[_WhI[_j"ËuIs"`Ej'uI]f©_Eilmq¡I_Jmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uI]fÄRmq[_.«i^V_suj£zl f©~]hI_X<ul¼«fhj¡¦(holf
_k__El_X<`j`IÄjj¡9uji]s2_kl~¬_Xsg_¬_XfX
/.+/. 1;:<; : 4@ 8*:<;L8: 8*698 > 6H:<D : > 8&8:/D ;=:<;81:6HG E 476H:8 C 47>,D ; 8%:68 4
Z([_9` (S«oJmg_]f©mgsqi]mq¡uI1Xhj[_uj<mg[_ n½mqsqhJ{«~]hws f ¾É¦(ho9fg_mg¾ÉhIfgfgul hmq¡I_hw]£º_Xhwmgisq_Xf
J¾É«oImq_7hI[_7]¡ul¼lfª¯mg[]_ n½mqsqhJ{«~]hwswÄEmq[_(sqhj][~sq_Xl mqujsf]uIsg~Vujshmq_X mq[_+ɾÒhI[_jÐ
h.¾T¡mnuIiJmg_Xs2f}hIfgfgul hmq_X¦2½mq[Ã_j_Xsgo.~¬hws}uw£¡¬fpmqsgi]mguj]f2hj]9h;~sq_Xl mq¡uI'uj£mq[_ hj]lsg_Efgf
uj£mq[__k«m}j¾T]f©mgsqi]mq¡uI5ul¼5 f2hjfqf©ul hmq_X5¦2½mq['_Xj_Xsgo.j¾T]f©mgsqi]mq¡uIIsguIi~Ê
Z([_fpmhmg_uj£th.hj[]_fg_mbhw9V_ sq_~sq_Xfg_Jmg_E5«o5mg[_ uIsq_sq_X9f©_m}uw£mg[]_¡]f©mgsqi]mgujÃul¼«f
hIlsq_Xfqf©_Ef2^.hw~~V_XÀujJmguW¡mbhj]'mg[]_hjfqfgu«hwmg_E9sqhj][9~sq_Xl mq¡uIÀ¡£ºujsq^;hwmgujÊ}ynÀuj~V_shmq¡]
fgolfpmq_^ Xhw2¦2¡']i¬f©[-lu¦2¢~]hwsgm.uw£bmg[_ +ɾÒhI[_jÄzhw]´mg[_Xsg_£ºujsq_¦2nhw f©u ]i]fg[-~]hwsgm.uw£bmg[_
]sqhj][5~sq_Xmguj9¡£ºujsq^;hwmgujÊ
1_;^"_Ehjfgisq_X9mq[]hmEÄÝujhuj¡uJhjl_E}¡mgshI{l~]hws^.hj[_IÄÝ^"uJfpmbuj~V_shmq¡'f©olf©mg_X^%¡Jmg_Xs©¾
sqi~lmq¡uIWl f©~ hj_¯hjsguIi].jj I¾T«oJmg_2ul¼lftuw£Ê]f©mgsqi]mq¡uI]f}Ä«¦2[_`XIuI]f©_Eilmq¡I_}uj~V_shmq¡]
fgolfpmq_^.f2l f©~]hI_hm2_Xhjf©m j]ÄIj¡ul¼lf
/.+/ ;
Z([_ }¡mgshI{«~¬hws +_+£º_Ehmgi]sg_EfhÀhwmqh<Z'9RÏhw]·hj¤¡¬fpmqsgi]mguj´Z'IRbIRzuwmq[´Z'9R(f [¬hj_ j
_XJmgsq¡_Efthw].hjsg_(£ºi]¡o"hIfgfgul hmq¡I_}hw]£º_Xhwmgisq_nh
uwmhjf©m nfg_X;sq_~ hj_^;_Jmt~VujojªZ([_}I¡uI]hw
f©mqhwmg_¯uw£Ýmg[]_bZ'IR¢XhwWV_bsg_X~sg_Ef©_XJmg_X;«o"mg[]_bfg_mzuw£Ýmg[]_bhIlsq_Xfqf©_Eftuw£Ýmq[_b~]hwI_Xft^.hj~~¬_EW«o"mg[_
Z'IRhw¬Wmq[_ fpmhmq_uw£mq[_ujj b__El_X£ºuIs2¡^;~_^;_Jmq¡"mq[_sg_X~ hj_X^;_Jm2~¬uI¡ oI
1_Ã_kl~V_sq¡^;_Jmhw¡o¤^;_XhIf©i]sg_E¤mg[¬hmXÄzuj-h<uj¢¡uJhjl_E´^.hI[¡]_jÄ7_Xj_XsgoMuj~V_shmq¡]1fgolfpmq_^
Jmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uIWlfg~ hj_Xf7hf©j]½Â¬XhwJm|hj^"uIiJm|uj£hmh Z'9R¢_Jmqsg_Xfb³º^;¡^i^%` ]ÄJI5hj_Xsqhjj_
¶Ä|ilm.uj]¡o·l fg~hI_Ef"h£º_¦>¡]f©mgsqi]mguj-Z'9RÌ_Jmqsg_Xf'³1 hj_Xsqhjj_¶¤ËuIs'`Ej<uj¬f©_Eilmq¡I_
uI~¬_Xsqhwmgfgolfpmq_^Ì¡Jmq_sqsgi~mguj]fXÄwmq[_¯^;^i^Ái^i hmq_X.«i^¬_Xs|uj£l f©~ hj_X.]¡ul¼lf7hj¡¦(holf
_k__El_X]ÄwI £ºuIs(mg[_ ]hmqh;Z'IR¯Äl]ilm}ujo Ij£ºujs(mq[_¡]f©mgsqi]mgujÃZ'9Rb
/.+/ -.8*698 >#;
Z([_ n½mqsqhJ{«~]hws +_+n~]sgul_Efgfgujs¯fi¬f©_E1ujvpi]]mq¡uI<¦2¡mg[Mh`.ÑëoJmg_ 'Xhj[_£º_Xhwmgisq¡]
jw¾É«oImq_¯]¡ul¼lf
+Ò;mq[_}hjf©m7^.hvpuIsg¡mpo uw£ÊXhjfg_XfXÄjhw.uI~¬_Xsqhwmgf©olf©mg_^ÏImq_sqsgi]~lmguj;sq_~ hj_XfV_mp¦z__ Jwhw¬
Jwu«¼lfX"Z([]_.^"^i^i^i hmg_E«i^¬_Xsuw£z_pvp_Xmg_E<]¡ul¼lf¯£ºujs.`XI5uI~¬_Xsqhwmg9f©olf©mg_^.f
Jmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uI]f(hw¦zholfz_k_X_Xl_EJlÄjI
/.+/ @B797 694 81: G=: 476 C6948 6H:<D 81G 694;L;
¯h·{«i] ¦|uIsg¼lf©mqhmq¡uI·£º_Ehmgi]sg·hwn½mqsqhJ{«~]hjsq +_+.hj] {«uj hwsqfXÄ|mg[_ìj_Ã^;_^;ujsq Xhmq¡uI
f©mgsqi]mgisq_Xf"¦z_Ã[]hj_9uI]f© l_Xsg_E· mq[ fWf©_Emq¡uI¢hjsg_9f©i]lvp_Xm.mguM¡uJf©_ÃhMfg¡I½ÂVhwJmWhw^;uIiJm;uj£
Iuj hmq¡_¯]ujl¾Òhws[¡mg_XmgishwR[]hjsq¦zhjsg_¯¡l£ºuIsg^.hwmguj'uj'uj~V_shmg.fgo«f©mg_X^ÁImq_sqsgi]~lmguj]fX
/ 3 6947:<;6HG 6H: 6HG;<;; 81: ;=:@ 3 >: :<;@B7 3
[_mq[_Jmg_sq]hj[]hjsq¦zhjsg_ f©mqhwmg_Xfn¡<hwÀuIilm©¾Éuw£¹¾Éujsl_sn_kl_XilmgujÀ~]sgul_Efgfgujs2_kl[¡]½m^;ujsq_
uI~~Vujsgmgi¡mg_Xft£ºujs|i]_Xs©mhwJmpo mg[¬hmzhj.¡¾TuIsql_Xst_kl_Eilmq¡uI.~sgul_Xfqf©uIsXÄmq[_
¨
i]hjJmg¡mqhmq¡I_}hw]hj¡olfgf
uj£Ýmg[_b[]hjsql¦(hwsq_}f©mqhmq_Xf|^;u«½Â]_EW«o;uj~V_shmq¡"f©olf©mg_X^ÏJmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uI]ftuIh r_XImq¡i]^ +_+_+¯³ºujs(hw«o
uIilm©¾Éuw£¹¾Éujsl_Xs|_k«_Eilmq¡uI~]sgul_Efgfgujs¶7f(^i][9^"uIsg_lWi¡m}mg[¬hwmg[_uI_~sq_Xfg_Jmg_EWV_£ºujsq_j
Ë]ujs]fpmhw]_jÄi_"mgu9ujilmg¾Tuj£¹¾TuIsq_sb_kl_XilmgujÊĽm fj_XsgoÀlWi¡mmguÃl fgsg^;¡¬hmg_;V_mp¦z__X
h;^; fgfnhw]9h;[¡mn9h.Xhj[_.³ð~]hwsgmqihjsgo.mq[_ ]fpmqsgi¬mgujÃXhj[_¶Ävpi]f©m}mq[sguIij[mg[]_ «i^V_s}uj£
ol_Xf(V_mp¦z__mp¦zu;fgi]X_Xfqfg¡I_¯sq_XhIf(uw£mg[_[]hjsq¦zhjsg_buji]Imq_sE
®nu¦|_Xj_sz¦z_¯¦z_sq_¯hj¡_¯mgu;^;_XhIf©i]sg_nmg[]hwm2hj¬uIilm`Ew I¾T«oJmg_¯¡ul¼lfz¡9hj_Xsqhjj_}hjsg_bsg_X~ hj_E
£ºsquj^mg[_ 7`}hI[_(~¬_Xsz{¡Jmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uIÊÄjhj]ÝÄwmq[]hmEÄjuI~~¬uJf©¡mg_(mqu{«uj hwsq fÄmq[_}l fpmqsgilmq¡uI;uw£Rmg[_
`L]baId2ïcaOùìðï]baë cìðòQ]ñpùLj@cì"jg ^L] 2ñpùLjòòTíhïÒòªëìðï©ñ]baOï_jg.mô¹úíìQ^ïpìòOí hïpòP]ògófÝï` c^òOí ùF]bjb^,c ca/]ñ/ Ljíñ
íp] ]úLaOòOìðùñÒò/]íúLaªòQ` cqò ]baïiXïpñpùEòTï^ ]ú]_¯ñ&gXñjï_a klcañjí4aTïcaëwí4a/aQ] Ljïo-f9`ïpúò/`Eïzñpí4d2ëLjïÒòTïaTïpøùïpúñpï `L]òQa
]ú¯òQ`ï|ñ_cñ<`Eï.m
`ïpúqfÝï d2ï_caTùìðïªò/`Eï|ï&iXï©ñpùEòQ]íúò/]bd2ïªípòQ`ïaTïpøXùEï©úEñ©ï c;p¡òOïpìòQ`ï7íëwï©ìQcqòQ]úLha"gFaðòTïd ]úòOï©ìðìðùëEòQ]íú
cúL^ hïpòcú cëEëìOí_iF]bd cqòQ]íúípVòQ`ï(úùLdB wïpìíped]baQaTïa .g,^L]n>]b^L]úLh2òQ`ïzï&iXïpñ©ùXò/]íúò/]bd2ïd]úXùFa]_nñgXñjïa/ .g
k¡òQ`ï9d]úL]bdzùLd d]baQa¬ëwïpú cjò:g(íú(òQ`ïIjòOì/cë cìOño<m
`ïIca/aOùLd2ëEòQ]íúzòQ` cqòVòQ`ï9d]ba/a ]baaOï©ìnï^ ]úcPd]úL]bdzùFd ^Eï_j@cg
`í4jb^LaH wï©ñ_cùLaOïtíùìñpí$^ï ^L]b^núíòïiXïpìOñ]baOï cqòIcjbjIòQ`ï ^ cqò/c(ñ_cñ<`ï4m
«i^¬_Xsuw£|_X«mg_Xu«¼lfb[]hIÃmp¦zu^.hvpuIs¯~VujJmqfhjsguIi]¤`E¾pwW]¡ul¼lf¯hj]<¬_mp¦|_X_1jjw¾Ò<j
]¡ul¼lf
1_hjfguWf©[]u¦|_E5mq[]hmb_I_sqo5uj~V_shmq¡].¡Jmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uIÃlfg~ hj_Xfnhwmn_Xhjf©mnJ;_Jmgsq¡_Ef2£ºsquj^=mg[_
R(ZR-hw¬.mg[¬hm(^;hj«o"uj£Êmg[]_^Ál f©~]hI_n^;uIsg_nmg[]hj`XI _XImqsg_XfX uwmq_nmq[]hm(uj5mg[_br_Jmgi^ ++_+Ä
sq_~]hIWhwÃ_XImqsgo¡Àmg[_`E¾T_XImqsgo RzZR§ fnl f©~]hIWh.shw]['mhwsqj_mbhjlsq_XfqfXÄilmhw f©u57
]½mf(£ºujs2~sq_Xmg;sqhj][¡sq_XmgujÊ
/ @B797 694
[_mg[_«i^V_sfz~sq_Xfg_Jmg_EW5mq[f2fg_Xmguj9hwsq_nuI¡o5hj¡ .£ºuIs(mg[_uj]fg_sq_XW~]hwm©£ºujsq^.fÄ
mq[_.fghj^;_"uj]¡i]fguj¦2ª~sg_Xhw£ºuIsuwmg[]_s~squ«_Xfqf©uIsqf¯hw]<uwmq[_suI~¬_Xsqhwmgfgolfpmq_^.fb£ºujsrzxzf
hj]¦zujsq¼lfpmhmguj¬fË]ujs¡¬fpmhw]_jÄuwmq[_s~squl_Xfqfgujsf7³º_Iby}~[]hl` w¬ÄXr_XImq¡i]^ÆJ¶Ê£º_Xhwmgisq_Xf^;ujsq_
uj^;~_k'sqhj][9~sq_Xl mq¡uI'^;_E[]hw fg^;f2mg[]hwmn¦2¡V_ ^;ujsq_ hÅR_Xmg_E9Jo5mg[_uj~V_shmq¡.fgolfpmq_^
mq[]hwmg[]_uj_Ef(uj'mg[_ n½mqsqhJ{«~]hjsq+_+zujs2r_Jmq¡i^ +_++
( ?&*,- " ()J*, !9?_( &P W*,!D !-% _ $ _!9%!9
$ )&!-?I ( "7$'"%!A !9 ? &*"
y- hwsqj_z«i^V_stuj£¬Jmg_sq]hjli^;uj¡mguIsqhj_z[¬hwsl¦zhjsg_zfpmhmq_Xfªhwsq_(^;u«½Â]_E"Johw«o uj~V_shmq¡]
fgolfpmq_^ÍImq_sqsgi]~lmgujÊZ([_Xsg_£ºujsq_ uj]_"XhwÀ_k«~V_Xm¯mq[]hmh5fgj¡Â¬hjJm¯i]_sgmqhj¡Jmpo9f¯vp_Xmg_X<
mq[_Xfg_juIhwmg¡_[]hjsql¦(hwsq_¯f©mqhwmg_Ef(uj9_XhI[5uj~V_shmq¡];fgolfpmq_^ÁJmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uIÊ
1_9~sg_Ef©_XJm"h1f©^;~¡_£ðhw^;¡o¤uj£n_JmqsguI~JoMJhmg[]_sq¡<hwjujsq¡mg[^.fXÄmg[_îny°n±z² ³ð®¯y}sl¦(hwsq_
°ªuIhwmg¡_9±tJmqsguI~Jo¢²hmg[]_sq¡«¶"hwjujsq¡mg[^.fXn¡¼I_'~]sg_XJuji¬f;_Jmgsquj~«o¤Ihwmg[_Xsg1¡^;~_^;_XImh¾
mq¡uI]fXĬ®ny°n±z²»hwjuIsg¡mg[^.f}hjsg_shwÀhwmni]fg_s¯¡_Xj_T}Z([_®¯y°¯±|²»hj¡Iujsq½mq[^.f2i]fg_mg[_[]hwsl¦(hwsq_
¡ul¼;uIiJmg_s7mgu Jhmq[_s|i]_Xs©mhwJmpo£ºsquj^Ìh fg[ujsgm|fg_
¨
i_¬_}uj£Ê¡]f©mgsqi]mguj]ftmg[]hwm7mguIi][_Ef7h£º_X¦
i]^;uj¡mguIsqhj¡_"[]hjsql¦(hwsq_f©mqhwmg_Ef <_;[]hI_"l_Ef©j]_X1®ny°n±|²=hwjuIsg¡mg[^.fnmgu9_kl_Xsqfg_sq_Xfg~V_X¾
mq¡I_omq[_9hmhÀhI[_jÄ2³º~¬hwsgmuw£q¶ mg[]_5]fpmqsgi¬mguj hj[]_5hw]1mq[_'sqhj][¤~sq_Xl mqujsEÄmq[_]hmqh
Z'IRhw¬Wmq[_ "hI[_j
Z([_®¯y°¯±|²hj¡Iujsq½mq[^̦|_bi]fg_b£ºujs(Ihwmg[_Xsgi]]_Xs©mhwImpo"£ºsquj^Ìmq[_¡]f©mgsqi]mguj9hj[]_¯hw¬
]sqhj][~sq_Xmguj;fpmqsgi]mgisq_(f7l_mhw¡_EV_u¦Z([]_"¦|_2~sq_Xfg_Jmmg[_2Iuji^;_Xfuj£¬i~]sg_Elmqhj¡_
shw¬luj^»«i^¬_Xsqfzmq[]hmnXhw'¬__kJmqsqhImq_X5£ºsguI^>l¡ÅV_Xsg_XIm}~]sgul_Efgfgujs(uI^;~¬uI_JmqfX
0/21 6 : >?4;:<> @<:8*>#4<: 6 ;=: : N4M817 : > 8*698 > 6H:<DAE 476H:8 C 4>#D ;=8*:<;L8: : 6FEBG>#;
Ëjisq_`¯¡i]fpmqsqhwmg_Ef7mq[_®ny°n±|²ÎhwjuIsg¡mg[^̦z_ni]fg_XW£ºujs(Ihwmg[_Xsg~]hwsgm|uj£Êmg[_i¬_sgmqhj¡Jmpo
vp_Emg_E'¡'mg[]_¡]f©mgsqi]mguj9hj[]_hj]sqhj]['~sg_El mgujmqhj_XfX
"!W f.h<£ºi]mguj mg[]hwm;sq_XhIfmg[_9[]hjsq¦zhjsg_'u«¼·ujiJmq_sED+ÉmWhw f©u<mg_Efpmf"mg[_
½ÅR_sq_]_¦2½mq[9mg[_ hjf©m2sg_Ehjhj¡i]_jtZ([_ R+ Z(±7c}c }r|ZujiJmq_s2 f2¡¬sq_^;_Jmg_E5¦2[]__Xj_s
mq[ f2l½ÅR_sq_¬_ f([¡I[_s(mq[]hw9hmg[sq_Xfg[uI¡¬lXhmq¡"mq[]hm2mq[_sq_¦zhIfzhjJmg_Xsgsqi~lmq¡uIV_mp¦z__X
mp¦zu.f©i¬_Efgfgj_hw fzmgu"mg[_£ºi]]mq¡uI'sq_XhIfX
Z([squji]j[uIilm2mg[_¡u«uj~Ä-#$%&!bf}Xhw¡_E9^.hw«oWmq¡^;_Xf¯hw]'mq[_ sq_Xfgi¡m}uw£mg[ f}sq_XhI'f
uj^¡]_X'mg[]sguIij[À_ki]f©j_¾pbcÈhj]Àfg[½£¹mfnÀmq[_ ?#/2;ÃhwsqsqhoI}Z([_i]sguI¡¡]W£ðhjmguIs³(')'b¶
¦(hjfhjvpi¬fpmq_X¤£ºuIs_Ehj[·uj£2mg[_mqhjsgI_mg_E¤hws[¡mg_Xmgisq_XfX<Z([]_uI^;~¡_X´¡u«uI~·¬ullo'vpi]f©m"Âmqf"
mq[_]fpmqsgi¬mguj9hI[_.³¹mq[_mgshj_Xhj[_¯£ºujs(mq[_r_Jmgi^=J¶(hw¬lu«_Ef(uwm}uI_s]u¦-mg[_]sqhj][
~]sg_Elmguj9fpmqsgi¬mgi]sg_Ef