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An Optimal Congestion and Cost-Sharing Pricing Scheme for Multiclass Services

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HAL Id: inria-00071829

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071829

Submitted on 23 May 2006

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Yezekael Hayel, Bruno Tuffin

To cite this version:

Yezekael Hayel, Bruno Tuffin. An Optimal Congestion and Cost-Sharing Pricing Scheme for Multiclass Services. [Research Report] RR-4757, INRIA. 2003. �inria-00071829�

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ISRN INRIA/RR--4757--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

An Optimal Congestion and Cost-Sharing Pricing Scheme for Multiclass Services

Yezekael Hayel, Bruno Tuffin

N˚4757

Mars 2003

THÈME 1

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