HAL Id: inria-00073697
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073697
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub-
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
Static and Dynamic Adaptation of Transactional Consistency
Oliver Theel, Michel Raynal
To cite this version:
Oliver Theel, Michel Raynal. Static and Dynamic Adaptation of Transactional Consistency. [Research Report] RR-2999, INRIA. 1996. �inria-00073697�
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Static and Dynamic Adaptation of Transactional Consistency
Oliver Theel and Michel Raynal
N ˚ 2999
Octobre 1996
TH `EME 1
*+(%%,-&
./10124365(783936/;:;<>=@?BAB0;CD839/FE<9G,=$<H/
IJK
LNMOLQPRTSVULDW'LNXHY[Z\LD]^W_`W']
K
LNMLDW
acbed>f
LD]ghji
SXHi4i d`b
]h4L
b
LDk J L b k J
Ll(m[nHoHo>oBRTpkD]
d`q4b
L\PNoHo>r(RTs>tQi4X9uHLDW
v#w&xDyNz|{j}9yH~d
l[WW]LNl[kD_(k
b
]'L
b
X(X9h
d
i[]LDh
d`b
] J
LMQXHl4X9uHLNMOLNlH]
d
i4L
b
WW]'LNlH]
b
LNi[ kNX9]LDh
d`qf
LDkD]W^l#XOh4W']
b q
Y[]LDhW'_`W]'LNMh4Ll[L]
J
L(h4LDu
b
LDL
d
k
d
l[kNY b'b
LNl[kD_X d9
LDhXHM
d
l[u
d
i>
L b X]
d
l[WX9kDkDLDWWl[u d`q[f
LDkD]WN[LDHL
b
X l
d
]
d
l[W
d
$k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_#X
b
L`l d9
l
bed
M]
J
L ]L
b
X|
]Y
b
LH`XHM
d
l[u(]
J
LNMX
b
LkNXHY[WX 4k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_H[kNXHY[WX 4WL
b
X9 NX
q
]e_HjXHl[hWL
b
X9 NX
q
]_Hl
] J
Wi4XHi L b
Li bed
i d
WL¡XuHLNl[L
b
X Dl[uX u d`b
]
J
M¢
d`b
k d l[kNY
bb
LNl[kD_£k
d
lH]
bed
$l!X]
b
X>l[We
X9kD]'
d
l¤W_[W]LNM¥]
J
X9](LDZ J q
]'W\X#kD LNXHl¦WLNi4X
b
X]
d l q
LD]
LDLNlBi
d
kD_§X>l[h¨MLDk
J
XHl[WM##g
k d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_#k
b
]L b d
lVWLD LDkD]LDh£W©MQXHl[ª;LDW]LDhX9WXWLD]
d b
Y[ LDW
d`b
MOl[u]
J
Li
d
kD_H
IJ
L
MLDk
J
XHl[WM#
J[d9
LD>L b b
LNMQX9l[WY4l[k
J
XHl[uHLDh
b
LDu`X
b
h4 LDWW
d
]
J
L!kNY bb
LNl>] _«Y[WLDh+i
d
kD_H
IJ
L!MLDk
J
XHl[WM¬MQi[ LNMLNl>]W#kNXHY[WX9 _k
d
l[WW]'LNlH]\MOLDWWX9uHLVh4LD HL
b
_«X>l[h®Y[WLDWQ]
d
LNl[W
XHl[h£¯Y d[b
Y4MW
d
]
d
9LNl[W]
d
LNl>
d`b
kDL¡X9kDkDLDWW
d
i L
b
X9]
d l d`b
h4L
b
l[u#X9kDk d`b
h4l[uV]
d ] J
LWi4LDkDª
jLDh£k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_#k
b
]L b d
l°[l[kDLQXQi
d
kD_#WMi[ LNMOLNlH]LDh¤X9WXWLD]
d b
Y[ LDWNjW
]k
J
l[u
d
l>]
J
L;±j_
bed
M d l[Lk
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_k
b
]L b d
l]
d
XHl d ] J L
b&d
l[LkNXHlLNX9W _
q
Lh
d
l[L
©J
LNl[LDHL
b
k J
XHl[uHLDWlX9kDkDLDWW(i4X9]]'L
b
l[W d`b
k d
W]²HX|6X9 X
q
]e_
b
LD¯Y[
b
LNMOLNlH]WWY[uHu>LDW]©XQM
d
h4ªjkNX9]
d
l
g(lVLDZX>MQi[ L
d
XHlVXHi4i[ kNX9]
d
l#LDZ4i[
d
]l[u\]
J
LX9h49XHl>]X9uHLDW
d
FW
]k
J
l[u\X>M
d
l[u9X b d
Y[W
k d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_k
b
]L
b
XOk
d
l[kD Y[h4LDW(]
J
Li4XHi4L b
³µ´`¶$·e¸¹z9º&xH~¼»
W]
b q
Y[]'LDh¨[_`W']LNMWN
»
W]
b q
Y[]'LDh IFb
XHl[WX9kD]
d
l[W|
I&b
XHl[WX9kD]'
d
l4X9
d
l>
WW]'LNl[kD_H
XHY[WX9
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_H
XHY[WX9 &[L
b
X9 NX
q
]e_H$[L
b
X9 NX
q
]e_H
I½d
9LNl>
q
X9W'LDhg ¾
u
d[b
]
J
MWNj¿(Y d[b
Y4M [k
J
LNMLDWN
ÀÂÁÃ
ÄeÅeÆNÇ
Ã
ÄÈÉÅÊ1ËNÌ
ÍÎÏ6Ð&ÑÒ9Ó1Ï6Ô'ÕÖ¾×$×1ÒNØ|ØÔ'ÕÓ;ÐeÙÚNÛÓ1Ï9ÐFÜÑ×1Ö¾ÝÞ$Ðe×;ÐÑ'ÕÝ;Ï(ß&ÝÓ1Ö¾Ô'à©á ÕÔâ'ÕÑãÔ'ä`Ó1Ï9ÐFå ÒNÕÔ'ØÐeÑ'àæ½àNÖ¾Ô'à`ç9èéê
Ø|ÕÔë;ÐeÝÓeç|ÒNà9ÙNÐìÕÝÔ'àNÓ1ÕÑÝÓ&í&ÔNîNïDð'ñóòô;éÑ'ÚHÐÕí&ÐeÓeîõ
- % ¡-c-c%-c"-c%
´x´+~\»
LNi4Y[W XµW4UL b
X WX
q
]4UL f Y[W'¯Y
K
XV Xµk d`J
U
L b
LNl[kDLkNXHY[WX9 LHFi[ Y[WLNY
b
Wk
b
]
K
L b LDW
h4Lk d`J
U
L b LNl[kDLW
d
l>]LNl>`WX9u>LNX
q
LDWi d Y b
LDW©h
d
l4l LDLDWuUU L b LDLDWhjXHl[W LDW©W_[W]U
K
LNMLDW b ULNi4X
b
]WN
L¦k J[d
Z h¾Y4l+k
b
]
K
L b Li4X
b
]kNY[ L b!b
LD
K
LD>L
K
X¦ XB
d
W#h4L! X l4X9]Y
b
L!h4LDW#h
d
l4l LDLDW#LD]\h4LU
¾XHi4i[ kNX9]
d
l£¯4Y[F LDW©MXHl[i4Y[ LH
LD]°X
b
]kD L(i bed
i d
WL(Y4l[LX>i4i bed
k J L(M
d
hjY[ X9
b
L(i d Y b
MOLD]]
b
LLNl
d
LNY[
b
L]
d
Y[]L©Y4l[L^X|
M L©h4Lk
b
]
K
L b LDW&h4Lck
d`J
U
L b LNl[kDLH
X(i
b
LNM
K
L b L°i4X
b
]'LhULl[]cY4lLNl[WLNM
q
Lh4LM¨ULDkNXHl[WMOLDW
uULNlcUL b X>Y[Z
K
X©i4X
b
]
b
h4LDW¯4Y[LD Wci4LNY[HLNl>]&XkD LNMLNl>]LD]
b
LMQi[ XHl>]4ULDW$h4LDWFk
b
]
KL b
LDWi4X
b
]kNY[ L
b
WN
LDWMBULDkNX>l[WMLDW(W
d
l>]
d
l[h°ULDW(WY
b
h4LDW
f
LD]
d
l[W(LD](h4LDWHLDkD]LNY
b
Wh4LQHL
b
W
d
l
XVWLDk
d
l[h4L
i4X
b
]L\M
d
l>]
b
Lk
d
MQMLNl>]Y4l!k
b
]
K
L b Lh4L¡k
d[J
U
L b
LNl[kDL\i4X
b
]kNY[ L
b
i LNY[]LD]
b
Lh4Ll[ci4X
b
Y4l
LNl[WLNM
q
LQh4L bDK
LDuH LDW©h4LW_4l[k J4b d
l[WX9]
d
l
l>]L
b i b ULD]X9]
d
lµh4LkDLDW bDK
LDuH LDWi4X
b
LDWMBULDkNX|
l[WMLDWVi
b ULDkULDh4LNlH]W d Fb
L\X9 d`b
WOY4l[LMOW'L\LNl
d
LNY[
b
Li4X
b
]kNY[
K
L b L#hjYBk
b
]
K
L b LQk
d
l[kDL b l ULH
!
l¤X|6XHl>]X9u>Lh4L ¾XHi4i bed
k J LVi
bed
i d WULDL
b ULDWh4LhjXHl[W( Xi
d
WW
q
]ULQh4Lk
J
XHl[u>L
b
W]X9]¯4Y[L
MLNl>]
d
Y!h4_4l4XHM¯4Y[LNMLNlH] LVk
b
]
KL b
LQh4LVk d`J
U
L b LNl[kDLH
lH]4UL b ULD](h4L\]LD LDW\M
d
h4ªjkNX9]
d
l[W
hjYµk
b
]
KL b
L(h4L(k d[J
U
L b
LNl[kDL(LDW]^ Y[W]
b UL K
XO "ªX9h4Lh¾Y4lVLDZ[LNMQi[ LQi4L
b
]l[LNl>]$# i d W]
d
l4l[LNMOLNlH]
LD]k
d
lH]
b d
Lh¾Y4lVcUL
J
kNY[ LLNl#i
b ULDWLNl[kDL(h d`q
W]X9kD LDW&%
' ¹,yNxD·})( ´ ~
[_`W]
K
LNMLDWh4W]
b q Y ULDW|
IFb
X>l[WX9kD]
d
l[W(h4W]
b q Y ULDWN
d`J
U
L b
LNl[kDLh4LDW(]
b
XHl[WX9k
]
d
l[W|
d`J
U
L b
LNl[kDLckNXHY[WX LH[cUL b
X9 WX
q
]4ULkNXHY[WX9 LH` LU b
X WX
q
]4ULHHg u d`b
]
J
MLDW
K
X f LD]
d
l[WN
¿(Y d`b
Y4MW
s
/ 0
j"$ &
ìl®X!W J X b
LDh d`q[f
LDkD]\M
d
h4LD ;X!k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_k
b
]'L b d
lh4Ll[LDW
©J
k
J
W\]
J
L#9X9 Y[L!]
J
X9]
MY[W]
q L b
LD]Y
b
l[LDhV]
d
Xi b d
kDLDWW
©J
LNl]
b
LNXh4W°XHl d[q[f
LDkD]|`XHl[h\Xi bed
] d k d
4MQi[ LNMLNl>]l[u
X!k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_k
b
]L
b d l h4LDWk b q
LDW J[d9
i
bed
kDLDWWLDW\MY[W]
q
LW_4l[k J4b d
l[DLDh®l d`b
h4L b ] d
LNl[WY
b
L]
J
X9]^]
J
LD_
b
LNX9h#k d`b'b
LDkD]6X Y[LDW#ÂÂLH4WX9]'W Â_V]
J
L(k
d
l[WW]'LNl[kD_k
b
]L
b d l % °[L
b
X9 ª
NX
q
]e_OX>l[h]
d
i
J
X9WL
d
kó>l[ujHMQX9l[ _W]Y[h4LDhQXHl[hY[WLDhl]
J L hjX9]X
q
X9W'LjLD h$HX b L ] J L
q
LDW]Q`l d9
l£LDZ4XHMQi[ LDW
d
©XVk
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_¤k
b
]'L b d
l¨X>l[h¤]W¡X9W'W
d
kDX9]'LDh¨MQi[ LNMLNl>]X9]
d l
i
bed
] d k d Â
IFb
Xh4]'
d
l4X9 ©k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_+k
b
]L
b
X #;l4XHMOLD _
-21
PNs43
!#,$ &5*6#87#%&9:1
s-3eXHl[h
&9%., ;*6#87#%&9<1>=
3"%
b
LD¯4Y[
b
L]
J
X9]QX9 i b d
kDLDWW'LDW
J
X|HL\]
J
L#WXHMLVWLD¯4Y[LNlH]X9 ^`L
d
]
J L
k d
Mi4Y[]X9]
d
l
IJ
WQ[L
W
d`b
MQX9 _¨h4Ll[LDh®X9WQX£]
d
]X9 d`b
h4L bd
l d i4L
b
X9]
d
l[WQWWY[LDh
q
_i bed
kDLDWWLDW©XHl[hX>l#LDZ[LDkNY[]
d
l#Wk d`bb
LDkD]ª°XHl>_
b
LNXh d X>l
d`q[f
LDkD]uHLD]W]
J
L XW]6X Y[L
i b LD[
d
Y[W _
©b
]']LNl£l>]
d ] J
W d`q[f
LDkD]#1]
J L
d`b
h4W<? X9W]A@XHl[hB?i
b
LD[
d
Y[W _8@
b
LÂL
b ] d ] J L
] d ]X9
d`b
h4L b^d
d i4L
b
X]
d
l[W©h4Ll[LDh
q
_#]
J
Lk
d
MQM
d
lV[L
%D
IJ
LDWLk
b
]L
b
X
J
XN>L( X
b
uHLD _
q
LDLNl¤W]Y[h4LDh$<CY[]N½¾]
J
LD_X
b
L\l4X9]Y
b
X cXHl[h¤LNX9W_£]
d
Y[WLH&]
J
LD
b
MQi[ LNMLNl>]X9]'
d
l[WOX b L
q
X9W'LDh
d
l!W]
bed
l[uVW_l[k J4bed
l[NX9]'
d
l!k
d
l[W]
b
X9lH]W(]
J
X9](WLDHL
b
LD _! M]¡LDVkDLNl[kD_
d
°h4W]
b
¾
q
Y[]LDhX>i4i[ kNX9]'
d
l[WX9WW d[d
lVX9W]
J
LDWLXHi4i[ kNX9]
d
l[WX
b
Lk
d
MQi
d
WLDh
d
MQX>lH_\i b d
kDLDWW'LDW d[b
k d
HL
b
XO X
b
uHL(uHL d u b
XHi
J
kX
b
LNX4
lB]
J
LV
b
W']\i4X b ] d
©]
J
W#i4XHi L b
LVuHHLXHlBl>]
bed
hjY[kD]
d
l]
d!
LNXH9L b k d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_
k b
]L
b
X $l4XHMLD _#kNXHY[WX9 ½k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_!XHl[hkNXHY[WX9 $WL
b
X9 NX
q
]e_H$l
©J
k J ] J L
E!+&5%
,$&9% q
LD]
LDLNl
b
LNX9hBXHl[h
©b
]L
d
i L
b
X9]
d
l[W
d
l!W J X b
LDh d`q[f
LDkD]Wi[ X|_`WX#kDLNl>]
b
X9 b d
LH
ìlV]
J
LWLDk
d
l[hi4X
b
]N`X
b
XHML
d`b
Mi[ LNMOLNlH]l[uV6X b d
Y[W°k
d
l[WW]LNl[kDLDWN4l[kD Y[h4l[u
LNXH
k d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_Qk
b
]L
b
X4[W°i
b
LDWLNlH]'LDh$GF¤LNXHk
d
l[WW]'LNl[kD_¡k
b
]'L
b
X
b
LDHLNX9 4]
dq
L©WYDVkDLNl>]]
d
MQX]k
J
hjX9]Xk
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_
b
LD¯4Y[
b
LNMLNlH]'W
d
°XQkD X9W'W
d
°XHi4i[ kNX9]
d
l[WN
I^J
LD
b
MQi[ LNMLNl>]X|
]
d
l[W
b
LDWY[ ]lu
b
LNX9]'L
b
XN9X9 X
q
]e_
d
hjX9]XXHl[h
q
LD]]L
b
i L b
d[b
MQXHl[kDLHGH d`b
LDZ4XHMQi[ LH[lX
k d X
q d`b
X9]HLLDh4]l[u#XHi4i[ kNX]
d
l$X9W_4l[k J4b d l d
Y[W _#lH]'L
b
X9kD]l[u#Y[WL
b
W©MQX|_
XHlH]]
d
X9k
kDLDWW(XW J X b
LDh#h
d
kNY4MOLNlH]]
J
X9]W©k
d
MQi
d
W'LDh
d MXHlH_Vk
J
XHi[]L
b
WNGI X9k
J
Y[W'L b k
d`b'b
LDWi
d
l[h4W
] d X¤i
bed
kDLDWWV]
J
X9]QLDZ[LDkNY[]LDW
d
l[L d`b
M
d[b
L#]
b
XHl[WX9kD]
d
l[WN+g¯4Y[L
b
_]
b
X>l[WX9kD]
d l b
LNXh4W
k J XHi[]L
b W d
l>]L
b
LDW]]
d ] J
L\Y[W'L b
XHY[WX9 k d
l[WW]LNl[kD_Bu`Y4X
b
X>lH]LDLDW]
J
X9]]
J
LY[W'L b
X9
X|_`W(u>LD]XVWLD]
d
ck
J
XHi[]'L
b
W(]
J
X9]l[kD Y[h4LX kNX>Y[WX9 _ i b
LDkDLDh4l[u!Y4i4hjX9]'LDWN¡](W¡i
d
We
W
q
L(]
J
X9] k d l[kNY
bb
LNl>]c]
b
XHl[WX9kD]'
d
l[Wcl[]X9]LDh
q
_Qh4
L b
LNlH]Y[WL
b
WY4i4hjX9]'LXHl[hh4Ll[Ll[L
HL
b
W
d
l[W
d
$W
d
MLk
J
XHi[]L
b
WN&g k d
l[WW]LNl[kD_Vk
b
]L b d
l]
J
X9] W
LNXHL b ] J
XHlOWL
b
X9 NX
q
]_
XHl[hBW]
b d
l[uHL b ] J
XHl kNXHY[WX9 k d
l[WW]LNl[kD_¤kNX>l
q
LVh4Ll[LDh¨]
d
h4LNX9
]
J
WY[k J k d
l[kNY bb
LNl>]
Y4i hjX9]LDW$J^kNXHY[WX9 $W'L
b
X9 NX
q
]e_¤LNl[WY
b
LDW©]
J
X9]XVY[WL bJ
X9W(XQkNXHY[WX9 _£k
d
l[WW]LNl>]([L
d
X9 k
J
XHi[]L
b
W(XHl[h!X9 Y[WL
b
W©uHLD]]
J
LWXHMLK? X9W]L@VHL
b
W
d l d
cLNX9k J k J
XHi[]'L
b
X9]^]
J
LLNl[h d
XHl£LDh4]l[uW'LDWW
d
lM¤XHl>_
d ] J L b
XHi4i[ kNX9]
d
l[W
b d
M ]
J
L¡h
d
MQX9l
d
°k
d
Mi4Y[]L
b
WY4i4i d`b
XHl[h
]LDh#k d[d
i L
b
X9]HL
d`b
J
XN>L©hjX9]Xk
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_
b
LD¯4Y[
b
LNMLNl>]W]
J
X9]X
b
Ll4X9]Y
b
X9 _MLD]
q _
kNXHY[WX9 ]e_
q
X9W'LDhk
d
l[WW]'LNl[kD_#k
b
]L
b
X4
g l d
HLD jXWi4LDkD]
d d Y bd`b
W°]
J
X9]
Lk
d
l[Wh4L
b
XHlQX
q
W']
b
X9kD]
d
l LDHLD $X9]
©J
k J\b
LNX9h
XHl[h
©b
]'L
d
i L
b
X9]
d
l[WX
b L LNl[kNXHi[WY[ X9]LDhQl[Wh4L]
b
XHl[WX9kD]'
d
l[WN
IJ
Y[WN
b
X9]
J L b ] J
XHlXW'l[u> L
d
i L
b
X9]
d l d
lVX(Wl[uH L d`qf
LDkD]N[]
J
L^k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_Vk
b
]L
b
XMY[W]X9h4h
b
LDWW ] b
XHl[WXkD]
d
l[W]
J
X9]
MQX|_MQX>l[i4Y[ X9]'L©MQXHl>_
d`q[f
LDkD]WN
Id
l[L
k d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_k
b
]L
b
X HkNXHY[WX `k
d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_QXHl[h
kNXHY[WX9 `W'L
b
X9 NX
q
]e_H4X
b
Ll>]
bed
hjY[kDLDhQl]
J
Lck
d
l>]LDZ[]
d
jW_[W]LNMOWFk
d
Mi
d
WLDh
d
jWLD¯4Y[LNlH]'X
i
bed
kDLDWWLDW]
J
X9]LDZ[LDkNY[]L]
b
XHl[WX9kD]'
d
l[WN
')E!+&;"!#!#,$$
W°]
J L
LNXH9L b k b
]'L b d
lQk
d
l[Wh4L
b
LDh Jl#X9h4h4]
d
l]
d ] J
L^WLD¯Y[LNl>
]X9 ]e_
d l ] b
XHl[WX9kD]
d
l[WVW'WY[LDh
q _ LNX9k J i
bed
kDLDWWN]#k
d
l[Wh4L b W d
l[ _ h4LNi4LNl[h4LNl[kDLDW d l
] b
XHl[WX9kD]
d
l[WhjY[LV]
d X
,;># b
LD X9]
d
l
IJ
W
b
LD X9]
d
lBWh4Ll[LDhl¤]
J
L
d
d9
l[u
X|_JX]
b
X>l[WX9kD]
d
lµ]
J
X9]
b
LNX9h4WX6X9 Y[L
©b
]']LNl
q
_XHl
d ] J L b ] b
XHl[WX9kD]'
d
l#W(h4LNi4LNl[h4LNl>]
d
l£]N
d
]
J
kNXHY[WX Fk
d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_H$]
d
k d l[kNY
bb
LNl>](]
b
XHl[WXkD]
d
l[W(]
J
X9]
©b
]LlH]
d ] J L
WX>ML d[q[f
LDkD]kNXHl
q
Li L
b
kDLDHLDhl#Xh4
L b
LNlH]
d`b
h4L bq
_]
d
i
bed
kDLDW'WLDW #
]
J
WL
b
X9 NX
q
ª
]e_H]
J
LD_X
b
Li L
b
kDLDHLDh!l£]
J
LWXHML d[b
h4L
b
%D
IJ
LW'LDk
d
l[h!k
b
]L b d
l#k
d
l[Wh4L
b
LDh$
;E!#&
!#,$ &5*6#87#%&9
LDW
q
LD]
LDLNl kNXHY[WX9 ^k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_ XHl[h+WL
b
X9 NX
q
]_ XHl[h+WX¦k
d
l[WWe
]LNl[kD_Vk
b
]L b d
lW]
b d
l[uLNl
d
Y[u J ] d
WX]WeÂ_QX
h4L
b
XHl[uHL
d
FXHi4i[ kNX9]
d
l[W #1LHuj9l>HLNl>]
d`b
_
k d l>]
bed
Âh4W]
b q
Y[]LDh¨h4kD]
d
l4X
b
LDWN
b
LDWL
b
9X9]
d
l£W_[W]LNMW d`b
k
d[d
i L
b
X9]HL
d`b
%D
X>Y[WX9
WL
b
X NX
q
]e_+W\kNXHY[WX9 k
d
l[WW]'LNl[kD_®i[ Y[WV]
J
Lµ
d
d9
l[u¨k
d
l[W]
b
X9l>]$JX9 ]
b
XHl[WX9kD]'
d
l[W
©b
]'l[ul>]
d ] J
L£WXHML d`q[f
LDkD]\MY[W]
q L i L
b
kDLDHLDh
q
_®X (i bed
kDLDWWLDWVl]
J
L£WXHML£WL
¯4Y[LNlH]'X
d`b
h4L b
IJ
W(LNl[WY
b
LDW(]
J
X9]]
J L b
LWX\Y4l[¯4Y[LQ X9W]6X9 Y[L
d
cLNXk Jµd`q[f
LDkD]
d`b
X9
i
bed
kDLDWWLDW|X9]]
J
L(LNl[h
d
]
J
L(k
d
MQi4Y[]X]
d
l
IJ
L\MQX9l!LNMi
J
X9WW
d
]
J
WQi4XHi4L b
J[d9
LD>L
b
W]
d i b
LDW'LNlH]Mi[ LNMOLNlH]X]
d
l[W]
J
X9]
i4Y[]Q]
J
L\l>]
bed
hjY[kDLDh®k
d
l[WW]'LNl[kD_¨k
b
]L
b
X¦]
d£°d[b
j
d
lH]
b X b
_!]
d i b
LDWLNl>]l[u¤h4
L b
LNl>]
i
bed
] d k d Wµ
d[b
LNX9k J k d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_+k
b
]L
b
X4
L¤i bed
i d WL¤X
+ ,G 7A!#,;
XHi4i bed
X9k J
IJ
W
b
XHML
d`b
µLDZ J q
]W\X£kD LNXHl¦WLNi4X
b
X]
d l d
,8.*!+
X>l[h &9%$
&;LHX
q
X9W'k
X9 u d[b
]
J M Y[WLDhQ
d`b
Mi[ LNMOLNlH]l[u\X ,k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_Vk
b
]L
b
XXHl[h\Xk
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_Vk
b
]L b d
l>
Wi LDkDªjk¡W'LD]Y4iVLNl4X
q
l[u\]
J
LX u d`b
]
J M ] d
X9h
d
i[]X q L J
X|`
d`b
] J X9]LNl>
d[b
kDLDW©Xi4X
b
]kNY[ X
b
k d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_k
b
]L b d
l
IJ
LX9h49XHlH]X9uHLDW d
L b LDh
q
_§X£
b
XHMOL
°d[b
9
q
XWLDh§X>i4i bed
X9k
J
XW
h4LNi[kD]LDh®X q d
HL\X
b
L6X b d
Y[W|H
b
W']N&]
J4bed
Y[u J ] J
W(
b
XHML
d`b
,]
q
LDk
d
MLDWHL
b
_kD LNX b
©J
X]h4
L b
LNlH]k
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_#k
b
]L
b
X
J
X|HL©lµk
d
MQM
d
l#X>l[h
©J
X9]WLNi4X
b
X9]LDW]
J
LNM# C°XWL
k d
l[kDLNi[]'WOY4l[Wi4LDkDªjk]
d
X>lH_!Wl[uH L#k
d
l[WW]'LNl[kD_¤k
b
]L b d l q
Y[]LDWW'LNlH]X9 d[b
MQi[ LNMLNl>
]l[u!X
b
XHl[uHL
d
°k
b
]L
b
X£X
b
Lh4LNlH]ªjLDh®XHl[h¦l[k d[b
i
d`b
X9]LDh¤l>]
d ] J
LQuHLNl[L
b
X9 cX9 u d`b
]
J
Mµ
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_Qk
b
]L
b
X6Wi4LDkDªjki bed
i L
b
]LDWX
b
LWl[uH LDh
d
Y[]cXHl[hVi
b
LDWLNl>]LDh\X9Wi
d
kDLDWN°[L
k d
l[h$½Wl[kDLQXVk
d
l[WW]LNl[kD_£k
b
]L b d
l!W
b
LNi
b
LDW'LNlH]LDh¤X9WXVi
d
kD_
]
J
l ] J L(
b
XHML
d`b
] J X]¡WQl
d ] J X b
h[k
d
h4LDh$]kNXHl¦LNX9W _
q
LM
d
h4ªjLDh
d
lBXHlBXHi4i[ kNX9]
d
l>]
d
X>i4i[ kNX9]'
d l
q
X9W'W|
J
X>l[uHl[u]
J
L\k
d
l[W'W']LNl[kD_¤h
d
LDWOl d ] b
LD¯Y[
b
L#M
d
h4¾;_[l[uBX#Wl[uH L# l[L
d
©k
d
h4LH
