HAL Id: inria-00073331
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073331
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Generation of Distributed Parallel Java Programs
Pascale Launay, Jean-Louis Pazat
To cite this version:
Pascale Launay, Jean-Louis Pazat. Generation of Distributed Parallel Java Programs. [Research Report] RR-3358, INRIA. 1998. �inria-00073331�
ISSN 0249-6399
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Generation of distributed parallel Java programs
Pascale Launay and Jean-Louis Pazat
No 3358
F´evrier 1998
TH `EME 1
*,+.-0/1+325476+38:9;+=<>+?9A@CB.4=+39 DE6F.8:G5-H*,+.I=+?JLK
MNPORQ#SUT%VXWYRZ[SR\^]=_`SaZ[bcZda[ORQ#SRZ
egf[hjikSa,lnmoenp
Wo\^qPq3h^f[asrPSfdS0tENcSRfutENcSwvx^yzy^{z|}V~:Ycf[S0fTRz^|VTR qP\j^SRZ
` RLPzz MNPSU\zQhjna[NcS`#zq?fdhzikSRtaZadhS0\zZ[SauNcSHZdau\zvPr?\zfura[\^Z[hjnq?fdh^^fu\zQUQ#vcrcZk
aufdP]ca[SRr\^qPqctR\ja[h1vPZ]?Zdvco1\L\P MNcZ qP\zq3SRfzzS0Z \zvhLzSRf[=SR¡}hzPa[NcSsqP\^f[\zS1\zvPrrPZ[a[f[?]cadS0r
¢fu\zQ#SR¡£h1f[=Zn\zvPrrcSRZutf[?S0Zsa[NcSQ#SRtEN?\zvcZ[QUZrcSRzSRh1q?S0r`a[hHrcZ[a[f[P]cadS¤qPf[hz1f[\^QUZ£¡a[N#z
¥¦1§©¨uª« L¬ z 1\\?j¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu.^qP\^f[\zS3qPfdh^^fu\zQUQ#vP?^q?fdh^^fu\zQUZAa[fu\zv?Zk®h1f[QU\ja[h1vPZRzrcZdaufdP]=
a[h1v
¯±°²[³5´Rµs²¶ ·³5¸5¹º
»g¼?½¿¾ÁÀd½¿ÂÄÃÅÆ1½¿ÇÈL½dÉÊ ËÄÌ¢Ëľ5½0ÅÍÌ
Î;Ï
Ãd½¿È0бÆ1ÑEÇËľ[żP½¿Òd½uÓ5Ê ËÄÌÁËľԽ0ÅÍÌ
Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes
IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex (France) T´el´ephone : 02 99 84 71 00 - International : +33 2 99 84 71 00
T´el´ecopie : 02 99 84 71 71 - International : +33 2 99 84 71 71
S`?]carP]"q?fdhzikSa#zS0ZdarPSH¢\ztadSRf\q?fdh^^fu\zQUQU\jadh^v}r\zqPqct\ja[h1vPZrcZ[a[f[
?]cYS0ZSa]ca[ZdSS\^vc^\zzS1\\?l£SHqP\zqPS0fqPf[YRZ[SRv1adS]Pv ¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fuqP\^f[\zOSUSa]Pv ¢fu\zQ#S
¡nh^fuUrcZdaufdP]cYSarPYRtf[anSRZsQ#YRtR\zvcZuQS0ZrcY^Sh^qPq3YRZsq3h^]Pfs\#fdY0qP\zf[adadh^vrcSqPf[hz^fu\zQUQ#SRZ£\zS0t
SRv1=f[h^vPvPSRQ#SRv1a^
w« 0 ¨ ^\L\?©¢f[\^QSR¡£h1f[.©qPf[hz^fu\zQUQU\ja[h1vqP\zfu\jOSza[fu\zv?Zk®h1f[QU\ja[h1vPZorPSUq?fdh^^fu\zQUQ#SRZR
f[YRq?\zf[adadh^v
g
MNPSs\zQwhj3auNcS^AqPf[hjikS0ta Z:a[h%S0\zZ[Ssa[NcSsa[\^Z[hj.q?fdh^^fu\zQUQ#vc%rcZdaufdP]ca[SRr#\zqPqct\ja[h1vPZ:]PZ[vc
h1=ikSRtak5h^f[S0v1adSRr\zvc1]P\j^SRZÔvP\zQ#SRb1\\¿oMNPS##z%qPf[hz^fu\zQUQ#vcHQ#h=rPS Z%vchza%rcZdaufdP]ca[SRr
?]caoZS_cqPtadbqP\zfu\jSRÁ aof[SSRZh1vZdauf[]?ta[]?fdS0rth^v?Zdauf[]Pta[Z\^vPrZuNP\zf[SRrh^cikSRtauZMNPZ
q?fdh^^fu\zQUQ#vc"Q#hcrcSR%ZSRQ?S0rPrcSRr vC\"¢fu\zQ#SR¡£h1f[ rcSRZutf[3SRr vCZdS0ta[h1v yPTz,¡auNch^]ca\zv1b
S_cadSRv?Zdh^vadhauNcS1\L\\zvP^]P\zzSzAe£fdh^^fu\zQUZsrcZ[a[f[P]cadh^vZS_cq?fdS0Z[Z[SRra[NPf[h^]P^NrcZdaufdP]ca[h1vhz
Z MNcS^ q?fdS0qPfdhctSRZuZdh1f¤a[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQUZauNcSqP\zfu\jSR£qPf[hz1f[\^Qv1adh \}rPZ[a[f[?]cadS0r
q?fdh^^fu\zQ a[NP\za¤]PZdS0Z¤\rPZ[a[f[?]cadS0r7¢fu\zQ#SR¡£h1f[rcS0Z[tRfd?S0r7v ZdS0tadh^v yP"!c#MNcSzS0vcSRfu\ja[SRrthcrcSRZ
f[Sbh1v}\fu]Pv=5adQ#SHQ#\^vP\j^vPf[SRQ#hza[Stf[SR\ja[h1v7hz£h1=ikSRta[Z\^vPr}f[SRQ#h^adSHQ#SauNchcrPZ¤v^^hct\ja[h1vPZR
MNPSRZ[SQ#S0tENP\zvcZuQ#Z\^fdSrcS0Z[tRfd?S0rvZdS0ta[h1v#!P
$ %
'() H
&]Pf[vP%auNcSsS_cSRtR]cadh^vhj\zvh^=ikS0tadÔh1fdSRv1adS0rqPf[hz1f[\^Q0auNcSth1v1a[f[hz'?hL¡ fu]PvPZ:Zu]PttSRZuZdzSRb¤v#a[NcS
rPZ[advPtaoh^=ikS0ta[Zhj:a[NcSq?fdh^^fu\zQca[NPf[h^]P^NQ#Sa[NPh=r?Zv^^hct\ja[h1vPZR)(}SrcZ[a[f[P]cadS¤auNcSqPf[hz1f[\^QUZ
th^v1a[f[hz*'?hL¡ 1b`rcZdaufdP]ca[vcauNcSfsh^cikSRtauZsh^vrcZda[v?taqPf[hctSRZuZ[h^fuZ MNcZofdS+1]Pf[SRZ-,
.
adhQU\zqauNcSh1=ikSRta[Z,hjgauNcSUqPfdh^^fu\zQ h^v7rPZ[advPtaqPf[hctSRZuZ[h^fuZ/,n¡NcSRv}\zvh1=ikSRta,Z,hct\zadS0r
h^v\`qPfdhctSRZuZdh1fPa[Z%\ja[a[f[?]cadS0Zo\zf[SQU\zv?\jzS0r^ba[NPSh=tR\j QS0Q#h^f[b\^vPra[ZoQ#SRa[NchcrPZ%f[]?v
h^va[NPZqPf[hctS0Z[Z[h^f-0
.
adhHNP\^S%\UQ#SRtEN?\zvcZ[Q \jhL¡vc#h^=ikS0ta[Zsa[h\zttSRZuZnh^=ikS0ta[Zshct\zadSRrh^vrcZda[v?taqPf[hctSRZuZ[h^fuZ
Áf[SRQ#hza[SQ#Sa[NPh=rv1zhct\zadh^vPZ1¿
egf[hz1f[\^QUZ rcZdaufdP]ca[h1v¤Z h^cau\jvcSRr¤1bh^cikSRtauZ auf[\^vPZk®h1f[QU\zadh^vPZa[ho\jhL¡ auf[\^vPZuqP\zf[SRv1a f[SRQ#hza[S
\^ttSRZuZdS0Z;adh#h^cikSRtauZ23?1]PfdST4g\zvPrfdSRSRZ£h^v\fu]Pv=5adQ#S%\zhL¡vcf[SRQ#hza[S,tf[SR\zadh^vPZ£hjh^=ikS0ta[ZR
local reference remote reference
~:1]Pf[S#T,:egfdh^^fu\zQ rcZ[a[f[P]Padh^v
MhQ#\^qh^=ikS0ta[Zsh1vrPZ[advPtaq?fdhctS0Z[Z[h^fuZR^auNcS¤h^=ikS0tatf[SR\zadh^vZdS0Q#\^v1adtZNP\^Z?SRSRvS_cadS0vPrcS0r
a[h\jhL¡ f[SRQ#hza[SHtf[SR\ja[h1v hjsh^=ikS0ta[ZRMNcZS_cadS0vPZ[h1v}ZQUqcSRQ#SRv1adS0r a[NPf[h^]P^N t\zZuZdS0Z¤]PZ[vc
1\L\Z[a[\^vPrP\^f[r`®SR\za[]Pf[SRZR5aZrcS0Z[tRfd3SRrvZ[SRta[h1v6!PT^
77 È98-:1:<;>=
Mh \jhL¡ h1=ikSRta[Za[h v1zh^zSfdS0Qh^adSh1=ikSRta[ZQSRa[NchcrPZR¡nS7]PZ[S7thcrcS7a[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQU\jadh^v?Z/,7\
q?fdS0qPfdhctSRZuZdh1fa[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQUZ h1=ikSRta[Z v\¡s\b¤\jhL¡vcauf[\^vPZ[q?\zf[SRv1a Q#SauNchcrPZ v1zhctR\jadh^v?Z ¡NcS0fdSRzS0f
auNcSb\zf[S,hct\zadSRr ÁZ[SRtadh^v !c"!E
!"#
MNPSgQU\zqPqcvc,hjP\zvh1=ikSRta h^v¤\oqPfdhctSRZuZdh1fhctt]?f[Z \za auNcSgh1=ikSRta tf[SR\zadh^v( S£N?\zSAQ#qPS0QS0v1adSRr
\^v h^cikSRta#tf[SR\zadh^v ¡a[N"\ Z[SRQU\zv1adtZ\jhL¡vcauNcS]PZdS0fa[h7S0v=®h^futSa[NcShctR\jadh^v"hja[NPSvcSR¡
vPZ[a[\^vPtSNcS,tf[SR\ja[SRZRMN=]PZRzauNcSh^cikSRtaAauNP\jagvcad\j%$SRZ;a[NcSotRfdS0\ja[h1v\^vPrUa[NcSoh^vcSauNP\jaAZgtRfdS0\jadS0r
QU\bU?S%h=tR\ja[SRrh1vHrcZda[vPtanNPh^Z[a[ZR ( S,N?\zS,rPSzSRh1q?S0r\fu]Pv1adQ#S,auNP\janZ[]Pq?qcSRZsf[SRQ#hza[Sh^cikSRta
tRfdS0\ja[h1va[NPf[h^]c1N\oQ#SRa[Nchcr'&(*)+-,(!.(0/Lv?Zda[SR\zrhj?auNcSnZ[a[\^vPrP\^f[r213(0/Z[a[\zadS0QS0v1a:MNcZ fu]Pv1adQS
QU\^Z[=Z a[NcSq?fdh1cS0QUZ:hj.QU\^vP\j^vcrcZda[v?ta;1\\54of[a[]P\z67\ztENcvcS0Z 87:9;Z> \^vPrhct\zadvc,h1=ikSRta[Z
QU\zv1a[\zvPSRrh1vrPZ[advPta;NPh^Z[a[ZR a:ZAth^QUq3h^Z[SRrhz.t\^Z[Z[SRZRj]PZ[vc¤1\L\oZ[a[\zv?rP\zfur¤®S0\ja[]?fdS0Z:¡auNch^]ca
\^v1b#tENP\^vczSa[hauNcS27:9;¤5a£f[SS0Z;h^vtRfdS0\ja[h1vZdS0fd^SRfuZAf[]Pv?vcvPh^vUS0\ztENqPf[hctS0Z[Z[h^fRja[N?\ja£QU\^vP\j^S
h1=ikSRtatf[SR\ja[h1vPZs]PZ[vcUauNcSfdS/'?SRtadh^vQ#SRtENP\^vcZuQ
<=?>"=?> @ ¦ cBA«"C ¦ *D ¦ L
=
Mh \^hzr Z[bcvPtENPf[h^vc%$R\zadh^vPZ3Sa ¡nSS0v qPf[hctSRZuZ[h^fuZUv1zh^^SRr v \zv h1=ikSRta`tf[SR\zadh^v\FEHGJILKNM8O¢NP
Q
IHGSR*IHG`fu]PvPZh^v SR\^tEN Nch^Z[aUT£\ztEN Z[SRf[zS0f`ZfdS0Z[q3h^v?ZdcS®h^fh=tR\j¤tf[SR\zadh^vPZ`hj#h^=ikS0ta[Z\zv?r
QU\^vP\j^SRZv1zhct\zadh^vPZoadh`auNcSf[SRQ#h^adSZ[SRf[zS0f[Z-,n\ZdS0fd^SRfN?\zvPrcSRZ%f[SRQ#hza[SfdS®SRf[SRvPtSRZoadh\z hzauNcSRf
Z[SRf[zS0f[ZRT£\ztENZdS0fd^SRfsNP\^ZsauZshL¡v`auNPfdS0\zrPrPZ[advPta¢fdh1Q a[NcS\^qPqctR\ja[h1vth^QUqP]ca[vcUauNPfdS0\zr
Client
Server
Server
Server
Proc 1
Proc 0
Proc 2
remoteNew(2,“MyObj”,..)
create(“MyObj”,..)
MyObj method invocation
object creation
~:1]Pf[S! ,glnfdS0\jadh^vZ[SRf[zSRfuZ
VXW 7VZY
l£S0v1a[Z h^vcbrcS0\j=¡auNauNcSf:hctR\j=ZdS0fd^SRfR,^SRv\zvrcS0v^a[3.t\ja[h1vhz?a[NcSst\zZuZadh%vPZ[a[\^v1ad\jadS
\^vPr auZhctR\jadh^v ga[NPSZdS0fd^SRfUfdSRa[]PfuvPZ#adh auNcStSRv1a\ f[S®S0fdS0vPtSa[h auNcSvcSR¡ h1=ikSRta£q3h^ZuZ[cb
QU\^qPq?S0r h^v"\7fdS0Qh^adSHNch1Zda-,auNcSZ[SRf[zS0ftf[SR\zadS0Z¤a[NcSvcS¡ h1=ikSRtaaZhct\zÁ:h^fv1zh1jS0Z¤a[NcS
f[SRQ#h^adS¤ZdS0fd^SRfnfdS0Z[q3h^v?ZdcS,®h1fsa[NcStRfdS0\ja[h1vHa[N?fdh1]c^NauZf[SRQ#hza[Sf[S®S0fdS0vPtS 3?^]Pf[S !E
<=?>"=<
H¦ ¦ z A«"C
=
Mh¤S_ca[SRvPr#a[NPSh^=ikS0ta;tRfdS0\jadh^v#Z[SRQU\zv1adtZRj¡nSNP\zSsa[hQU\zvcqP]c\ja[S\^vc^]P\zzSs\zPZ[a[fu\ztadh^vPZ ÔZ[]?tEN
\^Z EK
Q:Q I Q E¿NP
Q
M8G3E MNG
Q OZP
Q MKNP MO?K MO¢ P?R>}\jafu]Pv=5adQS,a[NPS#f[S<'?S0ta[h1v7Q#SRtENP\^vcZ[Q ¤\zhL¡w]PZ
a[hfdS0qPfdS0ZdS0v1as\^PZ[a[fu\zta[h1vPZs1b 33fuZdad5t\^Z[Znh^cikSRtauZ\ztRtS0Z[Z[PS%vauNcSqPf[hz^fu\zQcqPf[hctSS0rcvcUva¡nh
Z[adS0qPZ 33^]Pf[S¤y>,
.
GJIHO ELKNM8O¢NP\^PZ[a[fu\zta[h1vPZ\^fdSfdSR33SRr v1adh IHMKdHI:EHM
Q
¢Sz? \}t\zZuZZf[SRq?fdS0ZdS0v^a[SRr 1b
\zvh1=ikSRtahj;abcq3S¿PauNP\ja%t\^v?S]?ZdS0rjS\HP\zZ[th^=ikS0ta ÁSz?f[Sa[f[SzS¤auNcSt\^Z[Z
vP\zQ#S^PauZth1vPZdauf[]?tadh1f[ZR©R>
.
GJI ILEHMO¢ PhctRt]PfuZg¡NPSRva[NcS0ZdSQ#Sa[\jÔh1=ikSRta[Zn\zf[Soauf[\^vPZk®h1f[Q#S0rUv1adh 33fuZdad5t\^Z[Z£h^cikSRtauZ ÁSz?
a[NcS h^=ikS0tasZa[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQ#SRrHv1adh\UP\zZ[t,h1=ikSRtafdSRSRL\zv1a£a[ha[NcS\^qPqctR\ja[h1v¿
String
Class Constructor
MyObj
reification reflection
meta-objects
base objects
“MyObj”
~ ^]?fdS¤y ,AWoS<'?S0tadh^v
( SqPfdhctSRZuZ1b 33fuZda:f[S®b1vc%a[NcSnabcq?SsrcSRv1a[3?S0f ¢a[NPSst\^Z[Z vP\^QS v1adh\zvh^=ikS0ta!"c0auNP\ja
¡nSg]PZ[Sga[h 33v?r¤a[NcSnth1vPZdauf[]?tadh1f)ÔfdS0qPfdS0ZdS0v1adSRr¤1b\zv¤h1=ikSRta hz=abcq3S#+01N, &$%N,+-& EEQUqcSRQ#SRv1a[vc
\ 13(0/'& 1N,01(%0(QSRa[Nchcr]PZ[SRradhHtRfdS0\jadS¤\^vPr`vcad\j$RS¤a[NcSvPS¡ h1=ikSRta
) 5#*5 U,+ 5#
MhrcZdaufdP]ca[SqPf[hz^fu\zQUZ v\a[fu\zvPZuqP\zf[SRv1a ¡n\b^j¡nSNP\zSa[h¤h-©SRfAQ#SRtENP\^vcZ[QUZ;QU\zZu1vP%auNcShct\L
a[h1vPZnhj h1=ikSRta[Z-,A\zttSRZuZdS0Zga[hhct\z©\^vPr`f[SRQ#h^adS%h^=ikS0ta[ZsQ]PZdas3S%S_PqPfdS0Z[Z[SRrHva[NcS¤Zu\zQ#S%¡n\bUv
auNcS,Z[h^]?f[tSthcrcSz/.%=ikS0tauZ;a[N?\ja£QU\bU?S%\ztRtSRZuZ[SRr¢fdh1Q f[SRQ#h^adSoNch1ZdauZ£Q]PZ[ag?S,a[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQ#SRr1P]ca
0 Ï
½21¿½nÑ43zÃkÌÁ¾ÌÁÃ65LÃkÀÓÔËÄÑEȤÇRÓÔËÄÂÄËÓÁËÄÃk¾½¿¾½87:9<;=/>?A@CBED½¿Ì¢ÓÑ¿ÍcÓ:F0Ãg¾¢Ó5½¿ÈHGL½¿ÌGJI6KLMNOQP±Å
77 È98-:1:<;>=
Á¡NcSRva[NcSZ[h^]?f[tSthcrcSZovPhzao\L\j\zcS4nh1f3SRt\^]PZ[Sa[NcS#qPf[hz^fu\zQUQ#SRfrPh1S0Zovch^a¡Z[Na[h`QU\zzS
auNcSRQ \ztRtS0Z[Z[PS#¢¡NPSRv a[NcS`h^=ikS0ta¤ZvcS^SRf¤\^ttS0Z[Z[SRr7¢f[h^Qf[SRQ#h^adSHNch1ZdauZ>E`MNcSHqPf[hz1f[\^Q#Q#S0f
1]crcSRZAauNcS,q?fdS0qPfdhctSRZuZdh1f 1b#\^?SRvc¤auNcS,t\^Z[Z[SRZ:a[ha[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQ K-ELE:I
QLQ
O<I ¢QUqcSRQ#SRv1advca[NcSv=
a[SRfd¢\ztS(%% (!( ¿( SrcS^Sh^q3SRrH\qPfdS0qPf[h=tSRZuZdh1f ¢¡a[Na[NcS%^\L\=llT0{ q?\zfuZdS0f;zS0vcSRfu\ja[h^f1
auNP\jana[fu\zv?Zk®h1f[QUZnt\zZuZdS0Zga[h#3S%\^cS,a[hv1zh^zSoauNcS,h1=ikSRta[ZsQ#SauNchcrPZn¡NcSRf[S^SRf£a[NcSRbH\zf[Soh=tR\ja[SRr
( SUZ[qca%auNcSUZdh1]Pf[tSt\^Z[Z,v7a¡£ht\zZuZ[SRZ 3?^]?fdS# Ea[NcS G[ EK
Q:Q
\zvPrauNcS OE(I IHP3MKNM8O¢NP
EK
Q:Q
,
.
a[NcS G[ E<%K
QLQ
N?\zZAauNcSoZu\zQ#SvP\zQ#S\^vPrQ#Sa[NPh=r?ZgZ[1vP\jau]PfdS0ZA\zZAauNcSoZ[h^]PfutSt\^Z[ZRzP]ca£a[NcS
Q#Sa[NPh=r?Z?hcrcSRZth^vPZ[Z[asvf[SRQ#hza[S,v1zhct\zadh^vPZ£hj a[NcS¤th1f[f[SRZuq3h^vPrcvcQUqcSRQ#SRv1au\jadh^vv
a[NcS OEA%I< I P MK MO¢ P EK
Q:Q
AMNcSqPf[h_cb¤h^=ikS0taANP\zv?rcS0ZA\fdS®SRf[SRvPtS£h1vauNcS OE(I IHP3MKNM8O¢NP
HILE M03a,tR\jautENcSRZsauNcSv^^hct\ja[h1vPZsadh`a[NcSZ[h^]?f[tS%h1=ikSRtao\zv?rf[SRrPf[SRta[ZauNcSRQ adhHauNcSf[1N1a
Nch^Z[a:MNcSqPf[h_cb¤h^=ikS0taAZ[a[\ja[SZAvPSzS0fAQ#h=rP3?S0r^Z[ha;tR\zv#?Sf[SRqPt\zadSRrh^v#\jPqPf[hctSRZuZ[h^fuZ
zSRadadvcH\Uf[S®SRf[SRv?tS%h^va[NcSZ[h^]?f[tS,h1=ikSRta
.
a[NcS OE(I< IHP3MKNM8O¢NP HILEHM,th^v1a[\zvPZUauNcSZ[h^]PfutSQ#SauNchcrPZHQUqcS0Q#SRv1a[\zadh^vPZR aZHvchza
fdS0qctR\jadS0r \zv?r Zhct\ja[SRr ¡NPSRf[S7a[NPS Z[h^]PfutS7h^=ikS0taN?\zZ?SRSRv QU\^qPq?S0r aZZ[NP\^fdS0r
?SRa¡£SRSRv\j Gu`HILE MQ
source class
implementation class proxy
class remote reference
MyObj MyObj MyObj_Impl
~:^]Pf[S ,,.%=ikS0tasa[fu\zv?Zk®h1f[QU\ja[h1v
msah1=ikSRta¤tf[SR\ja[h1v auNcS Gu7HILE M£Z¤vPZ[a[\^v^a[\zadS0r}hct\zb¡a[N a[NcSP\zZ[tUtRfdS0\jadh^v Q#S
tEN?\zvcZ[Q\zv?ra[NcS0v}]?ZdS0ZoauNcS#f[SRQ#h^adStRfdS0\ja[h1vQ#SRtENP\^vcZuQrcSRZutf[?S0r\z3hLzSadh`vPZ[a[\^v^a[\zadS#a[NcS
OEA%I< I P MK MO¢ PCHILE Moh^v a[NcSau\zf[zSaUqPf[hctSRZuZ[h^fR mor?rca[h1vP\jth^vPZ[a[fu]Ptadh^fuZ#\zf[S^SRvcS0f[\zadS0r"v
auNcS G[HILEHM ¡a[N \zv}\zrPrPa[h1vP\j:qP\zfu\zQ#SRadSRf ¢auNcSUqPfdhctSRZuZdh1frcSRv1ad33tR\jadh^v*a[hS0v=®h^futS#a[NcS
OEA%I< I P MK MO¢ P HILEHM h=tR\ja[h1vAMNcSrcS¢\^]cath^v?Zdauf[]Ptadh1f[Zn\zf[S¤]PZdS0r`a[hHtf[SR\zadS%hct\zh^=ikS0tauZ
5 J U "!'+ #%$
MNPSf[SRQ#h^adStf[SR\ja[h1v \^vPr"v1zhct\zadh^v \^fdSQ#qPS0QS0v1adSRr ]PZ[vP auNcS^\L\ ;
| 5na[NP\za#h-.S0f[Z
fu]Pv=5adQ#S%Q#S0tENP\zvcZuQ#Z£adhU\ztRtS0Z[ZnfdS0Q#hzadS%h^cikSRtauZcP]PanZsvchzasZu]'&HtSRv1an®h^f£h^]PfsqP]Pfuq3h^Z[S¢arch=SRZ
vPhzash-©SRf\^vS0\zZ[bHqPf[hz^fu\zQUQ#vc#Q#hcrcSR1,
.
tS0v1a[Zhz GJIU MI#HILE M
Q)(
v^a[SRfu\ztan¡a[Nf[SRQ#hza[Sv1adS0fk¢\^tS0ZPvcSRzS0f£¡a[NauNcS¤QUqcSRQ#S0v^au\L
adh^vHt\^Z[Z[SRZghj auNch^Z[Sv^a[SRfd¢\ztSRZg\^vPrauNcSbQ]?ZdanrcSR\z?¡a[N`\^rPrcadh^vP\z?S_ctSRqca[h1vPZ;auNP\jant\^v
hctt]?f£rP]?fdvc\fdS0Qh^adSoQ#SRa[NchcrHv1zhct\zadh^vAp1h?=auNcS2;
Znvchza£a[fu\zvPZuqP\^fdS0v^a;®h^f;auNcS]PZdS0f/0
*
½8;=
µ 9 ·
=#9+-,2= 7·
Ëľ ÑEÈÃ/.CFÑE¾ÁÃ10ÃkÓFÑG¾ À[½¿È2jÃAËÄÈ1Ñ43EÃG%ÍÌÁÑ40 ½¿ÈÑ¿ÓFÃkÌ!I65'798 DjÑ¿ÓÁÃkÈÓÁ˽¿ÂÄÂÉ%ÑEÈ%½,GË3zÃkÌ¢ÃdÈÓ!F0ÑE¾ÁÓ
VXW 7VZY
V
½¿È VȾ¢Ó5½¿È0ÀdÃEŽ ÃÓFÑ GBM927 µ =
·
9 ¸
927
·
9!"
#,h^vrcZdaufdP]ca[SRrthcrcS
$%'&
)(+*, -).
(0/2143576<=
··
869 ;=:6=Q;= 7= ·9
·'
=#;=
µ 9 ·
=#9+, =7·
;
ɽ¿¾Á¾0< VÈÓ ½¿È VȾ¢Ó5½¿ÈÀkà B É=©Â½¿¾Ô¾ < VÈÓM
>Á½21¿½0ÅÌ0ËÅW ½ 0ËÄÈ?ÅÂÄÑRÑ43Ç DB@ A!A@ B Ì¢Ã0Ñ¿ÓÁà CÑE¾¢ÓVGDB@ A¿½¿È VȾÁÓÔ½¿ÈÀkà VG@2MFE
½¿È
V
Ⱦ¢Ó5½¿È0ÀdÃEŽ à ÓFÑ GBM ;= µ 9 ·= µ = · 9 ¸ 927 ·9!"
*!G=(2*IH BW
Ñ¿ÓKJ©ÑEÇÈ G=LFM0ÀkÃD0ÓÁËÄÑEÈÃQMN3ÅÄÅÄÅOE
*!G=(2*IH B ½¿ÂÍÑEÌ0à G=P 7 ÆLMRÀkÃD0ÓÔËÄÑEÈ%à MN3ÅÄÅÄÅOE
*!G=(2*IH BPÈ3ÈÑ . È=C ÑE¾ÁÓKLMRÀkÃ2DRÓÔËÄÑEÈÃQMN3ÅÄÅÄÅOE
*!G=(2*IH B7 Ã)0Ñ¿ÓÁÃ0LFM0Àkà D0ÓÁËÄÑEȤÃQMQ3ÅÄÅÄÅOE
R 8/2SD/9*!,-D.
ɽ¿¾Á¾0< V0 DÂ^½¿È VȾ¢Ó5½¿È0Àdà ɩ½¿¾Ô¾ < V0 DÂBM8T/9+, =7 · 72;=
·
9!
(0/21435/9+,=7 ·
;=;6 ³5·
;U
·
9V
>Á½21E½0ÅÌ0ËÅW ½ 0ËÄÈ?Å2ËÄÈ GB@ A!A@ B 0£ÉCÑE¾¢ÓVGDB@ A¿½¿È VȾÁÓÔ½¿ÈÀkà VG@ 8z½¿È VȾ¢Ó5½¿ÈÀkÃQMWE
*!G=(2*IH BY
ÂÄÌ¢Ã[½4GRÉJ©ÑEÇÈHG=LMRÀkÃ2DRÓÔËÄÑEÈÃQM73ÅÄÅÄÅOE
*!G=(2*IH B ½¿ÂÍÑEÌ0à G=P 7 ÆLMRÀkÃD0ÓÔËÄÑEÈ%à MN3ÅÄÅÄÅOE
*!G=(2*IH BPÈ3ÈÑ . È=C ÑE¾ÁÓKLMRÀkÃ2DRÓÔËÄÑEÈÃQMN3ÅÄÅÄÅOE
*!G=(2*IH B7 Ã)0Ñ¿ÓÁÃ0LFM0Àkà D0ÓÁËÄÑEȤÃQMQ3ÅÄÅÄÅOE
&%Z[a[f[?]cadS0rthcrcS¡auNW 6
ɽ¿¾Á¾ ½¿È VȾÁÓÔ½¿ÈÀkÃX/;=
µ 9 ·= 7Q;=
·
9!;
B É=©Â½¿¾Ô¾MUYÑ 7 ÇÈÓÁË0ÃÅÌ¢Ã)0Ñ¿ÓÔà W Ã).!BKZ48[@ É=©Â½¿¾Á¾2@ 8 ]\ 28>ÁÃkÀ ÓQN^ PM
½¿È VȾ¢Ó5½¿È0ÀdÃEŽ ÃÓFÑ GBM
·
;U
³¹
;=0
·
;=
µ 9 ·= µ =
·'
90 ¸
9Q7
·
9!"
&,hT_ArcZ[a[f[P]cadS0rthcrcS
~:1]Pf[S¤{ ,/.%=ikSRtatf[SR\ja[h1v`\^vPr`v1zhct\zadh^v
.
adhhct\zadSof[SRQ#h^adSh^cikSRtauZ=\vP\^Q#SoZdS0fd^SRf;Z[adh1fdS0Z;vP\^QS0rfdS®SRf[SRvPtSRZAa[hf[SRQ#hza[Sh^=ikS0tauZg\zv?r
qPf[hL1rcS0ZQ#SauNchcrPZUadh \ztRtS0Z[Z#a[NPh^Z[SRZ#fdS®SRf[SRvPtSRZR MNcSqPfdh^^fu\zQUQ#SRfNP\zZ#adh QU\zvP\zzSa[NcS
vP\zQ#vchjh1=ikSRta[Z\^vPr a[NcS`Z[bcvPtENPf[h^vc%$R\zadh^vPZ3Sa ¡nSS0v a[NcS`tSRv1a\^vPr a[NcShL¡vPSRf¤hzs\^v
h^=ikS0ta-0
.
a[NcS¤qP\^f[\^Q#SadS0fsqP\zZuZdvc#ZdS0Q#\^v1adtZsrcSRq3SRv?rPZsh^v`¡NcSauNcSRfsauNcS¤\zf[^]PQ#SRv1a£Z\ GJIU MIHI:EHM
h^f¤vch^a/, P. P3GJINMI`HILE MQ
\^fdSUqP\^Z[Z[SRr 1b7th1q^b^¡NcSRf[SR\^Z GJI<NM I`HILEHM
Q
\zf[SqP\zZuZdS0r71b
fdS®SRf[SRvPtSz6h^f[ShL^SRfRa[NcS ;
qP\zfu\zQ#Sa[SRfAqP\^Z[Z[vc¤ZdS0Q#\^v1adtZ;QU\b3Sorc-©SRf[SRv1aA¡NcSRv]?ZdS0r
hctR\jb ¢¡NcS0vUa[NcS,a ¡£hh^cikSRtauZ;v1zhzzS0rvUa[NPSoQ#Sa[NPh=rUv1zhct\zadh^vU\zf[SsvUauNcSoZu\zQ#S 7:9; ¿
77 È98-:1:<;>=
(}S\^rPrPf[SRZuZauNcZ q?fdh1cS0Qw1b¤a[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQ#vP,\j=h^=ikS0tauZauNP\jaAQU\b3Ss\^ttSRZuZdS0r¢fdh1Qwf[SRQ#hza[S
Nch^Z[a[Z-,:a[NcS OEA%I< I P MK MO¢ P HILEHM ZvPSzS0fsth^qPS0rPZdh#a[NPS¤hct\z©v1zhctR\jadh^v?ZnZ[SRQU\^v^a[tRZnZ
qPf[SRZ[SRf[zSRr ÁqP\^f[\^Q#SadS0f[Zs\^fdS¤qP\^Z[Z[SRr G:I IHGJIHP"ELI E
~:^]Pf[S%{¤ZuNchL¡Zga[NcS%rcZ[a[f[P]cadh^vHhj \th=rPS,th1vPZ[Z[advcvH\zvUh1=ikSRta£tRfdS0\jadh^v\^vPrUv^^hct\ja[h1v
1b`]?ZdvcUa[NcS1\L\ ;
h1fsa[NcS&%h_:¢\^tadSRZR
%
' ()
&%ZdaufdP]ca[vcZdS+=]cSRv1ad\j qPf[hz^fu\zQUZQU\b?S#v^a[SRf[SRZ[advc®h1fS_P\^Q#qPSadh`S_Pqch^aoa[NcS#hctR\jadh^vhz
Zuq3SRt33tfdS0Zdh1]Pf[tSRZ ÁSz? rP\jau\th^SRtadS0r v zSRhz^fu\zq?NctR\jb}rcZ[a[f[P]cadS0r"Z[a[SRZRAS_Pq?S0vPZ[^SNP\^f[r=
¡s\zf[S,f[SRZ[h^]?f[tSRZ1¿^?]casa[NcS¤Z[S-+=]cSRv1a[\z.qPf[hz1f[\^QUQvcQ#hcrcSR©rPh#vch^an3SRvPS<3?an¢f[h^Q a[NPSrPZ[a[f[?]cadS0r
S0v11f[h^vPQ#SRv1a%\zrcL\zv1au\jzS0Z/,oh^vcbh^vcSUqPf[hctSRZuZ[h^f,Z]PZ[SRr \ja\`a[Q#S^MNcSqP\^f[\zS:qPf[hz^fu\zQUQ#vc
Q#hcrcSR3\jhL¡Z:adhfu]PvUth1v^aufdh^ '?hL¡Z;th^vPtR]PfufdS0v^a[b0jv\Q]ca[auNPf[SR\zrPSRr#SRv1=f[h^v?QS0v1azauNcSoqP\^f[\zS
\^ta[=adSRZgQU\b#f[]Pvth^vPtR]PfufdS0v^a[b^zP]canZ[N?\zf[vc\zh^P\z?Q#SRQ#h^f[b0zvH\¤rcZdaufdP]ca[SRrS0v^=fdh1vPQ#SRv1a
\^ta[=adSRZfu]Pvth^vPtR]PfufdS0v^a[bh1vrcZ[advPtath^QUqP]PadSRfuZR
kv a[NcS^\L\\zvc1]P\j^SzAqP\^f[\zSZuQ ZS_PqPf[SRZuZdS0r 1b ]?Zdvc&(7h^=ikS0tauZ:a[N?\jaU\jhL¡ adh
Z[a[\^fdan\zZ[bcvPtENPf[h^vch1]PZ;\ztad=a[S0ZAMNcS%fdSR33tR\ja[h1vhj\^ta[=adSRZ£v1adhh^=ikS0tauZ£\zhL¡ ]PZ£adhUrcZ[a[f[P]cadS
th^vPtR]PfufdS0v^as\ztad=a[S0Zsva[NPSZ[\^QS¡s\bH\zZs¡nS¤rcZ[a[f[P]cadS¤h1=ikSRta[Zshz:\UqPf[hz1f[\^Q
1\L\%MN?fdS0\zrPZAqPf[hL=rPSs]?Z;¡a[NU\zZ[bcvPtENPf[h^vcZ[Qz?]cagvch^aA¡auN\¤Zdauf[]Pta[]Pf[SRr#qP\^f[\zSPqPf[hz1f[\^Q
Q#vc"Q#hcrcSÔCMh SR\^ZdSqP\^f[\zSq?fdh^^fu\zQUQ#vc3;¡nSNP\zSrcS/33vcSRr \ q?\zfu\jSRs¢f[\^QSR¡£h1f[ ÔZdS0tE
a[h1v yPT4Ef[SRZ[a[f[tadvca[NcS`S_PqPf[SRZuZdzS0vcSRZuZhja[NPS`^\L\qP\^f[\zSgq?fdh^^fu\zQUQ#vc®SR\za[]Pf[SRZR ,Z[vc
auNcZo¢fu\zQ#SR¡£h1f[\jhL¡Z,a[NPS#qPf[hz1f[\^QUQS0fa[h¡f[a[S#q?\zfu\jSR qPf[hz1f[\^QUZ1bqPfdhL=rcvc`QUqcS0Q#SRv=
au\ja[h1vU®h^fnZdh1Q#Sh^=ikS0tauZ Áa[\zZu=Z£\^vPrauNcSf£\^fd1]PQ#SRv1a[Z1¿1a[NPS%th^v1a[f[hz.\zvPrHZ[bcvPtENPf[h^vc%$R\zadh^vPZg?SRvc
QU\^vP\j^SRr`1ba[NcS%¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu.
Distributed framework Parallel framework
~ ^]?fdS ,AeA\^f[\zSqPf[hz1f[\^Q rPZ[a[f[?]cadh^v
MNcZ,¢f[\^Q#S¡nh^fuqPf[hL=rPSRZo]?Zo¡a[N}Zdauf[]Pta[]Pf[SRr}qP\zfu\jSq?fdh^^fu\zQUZ (}SU\jZ[h`]PZ[SauNcZZ[a[fu]PtE
au]Pf[S¤®h^f,qPfdh^^fu\zQ rPZ[a[f[?]cadh^v,s¡nSNP\^SrcS<3.vcSRr\HrPZ[a[f[?]cadS0r¢f[\^Q#S¡nh^fu ÁZ[SRtadh^vy?!¿?¡a[N
auNcSUZ[\^QS#v^a[SRfd¢\ztS\zZ%auNcS#q?\zfu\jSR ¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu.¤M hrcZdaufdP]ca[S#\qPf[hz^fu\zQ S_PqPf[SRZuZ[SRr¡a[N}h^]Pf
q?\zfu\jSR£¢fu\zQ#SR¡£h1f[.g¡nS]PZ[Sa[NcSrcZ[a[f[P]PadSRr ¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu vPZda[SR\^r hz%auNcSqP\zfu\jSs¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu.
VXW 7VZY
¡a[NauNcSh1=ikSRta[ZrcS/33vcS0r1bqPf[hz1f[\^Q#Q#S0fPZ[h^Q#S¤hj:a[NPh^Z[Sh^=ikS0tauZ?SRvPHa[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQ#SRradh`\zhL¡
auf[\^vPZuqP\zf[SRv1agf[SRQ#hza[So\ztRtS0Z[Z[SRZ£]PZdvca[NcSQ#SRtENP\^vcZuQUZ£rPSRZutf[3SRrH\^?hL^S ÁZ[SRtadh^v!¿:~:1]Pf[S f[S
q?fdS0ZdS0v^auZs\#q?\zfu\jSR.qPf[hz1f[\^Q rcZ[a[f[P]cadh^v1b`]PZ[vP#auNcS¤rcZdaufdP]ca[SRr¢f[\^Q#S¡nh^fu#\^vPr^bh1=ikSRta[Z
auf[\^vPZd®h^fuQ#\zadh^vPZR
MNcS#qP\zfu\jS¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fuHZo?\zZ[SRrh1v
*
Zhz:au\zZu=Zo\zv?rrP\jau\PeA\zfu\jS qPf[hz1f[\^QUZ
\^fdSrcZ[a[f[P]PadSRr 1b ]PZdvca[NPS`rcZdaufdP]ca[SRr ¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu. P\zZ[SRr h^v auNcS`qP\^f[\zS:¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu. P]ca
]?ZdvcrcZdaufdP]ca[SRr ZnadhHZ[adh1fdS¤rcZdaufdP]ca[SRra[\^Z[=Z\zv?rr?\ja[\?
L U
kv auNcZZdS0tadh^v ¡nSzzS\zv}hLzS0fd=S¡whznauNcSHqP\zfu\jS:¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^furcSRZutf[?S0r}v T0y 5`MNcSH\jQ
hz£auNcZ¤¢f[\^QSR¡£h1f[ZadhZ[SRqP\^f[\zadSUth1Q#q?]ca[\zadh^vPZ%¢f[h^Q th^v1a[f[hzA\^vPr ZdbcvPtENPf[h^vP$0\jadh^v?Z,3Sa¡nSS0v
q?\zfu\jSR a[\^Z[=Zo\zhL¡vcHa[NPSqPf[hz1f[\^Q#Q#S0fsadhth^vPtSRv1a[fu\ja[S¤h^vauNcSrPS<33vcadh^vhj;a[\^Z[=ZRoMNcZ¢fu\L
Q#SR¡£h1f[¤qPf[hL=rPSRZ:\qP\zfu\jSRcqPfdh^^fu\zQUQ#vP,Q#hcrcSc¡a[Nch1]ca;\zv1bS_cadSRv?Zdh^vadha[NPS^\L\,\^vc^]P\zzS^
aAZAP\^ZdS0rh1v\^tadzSsh1=ikSRta[Z
Z1\zvPrh^vU\qP\zfu\jScth1vPZdauf[]?ta auNP\ja;\zhL¡Z adhS_cSRtR]cadS
Z£hz au\zZu=ZsvqP\zfu\jSÔ
m a[\^Z[#Zs\zvHh1=ikSRtagS_=a[SRvPrPvc#a[NPS%t\^Z[Z
}QUqcSRQ#S0v^a[SRr]PZdvc#a[NcS1\\
}t\zZuZ/0
a[Zs3SRNP\=h^fnZ£vPNcS0fdadS0rH¢f[h^Q auNcS GPQ#SauNchcr`hz
g=a[NP\zat\zv?S¤f[S rcS<3.vcSRr`adh#QUqcSRQ#SRv1a
auNcSa[\zZu Z[q3SRt3.t3SRNP\=h^fR m au\zZu}ZU\ztad\zadS0r 1b v1zh11vc}auZ GP}Q#SauNchcr \zv?r"Z#\^ta[^S
r?]Pfdvc¤a[Zg¡NchzSS_cS0t]ca[h1v MNPSo\zZ[bcvPtENPf[h^vch1]PZ v1zhctR\jadh^vhjGPQ#SauNchcrPZ;Zg]?ZdS0r#®h^f;qP\^f[\zS
S_cSRt]Padh^vhj:a[\zZu=Z
( SNP\zSnS_ca[SRvPrcS0rauNcSsh^q3SRfu\ja[h^fuZrcS0Zd^v#qP\zadadS0f[v 3rcS0Zd^vcS0ra[h%S_PqPfdS0Z[Z:f[S1]c\^f h1q?S0f[\zadh^vPZ
hL^SRf Z;a[N?fdh1]c^N
©Z-0 ZgQU\^vP\j^Sa[NcSZda[h^fu\j^Ss\^vPrauNcS%\^ttSRZuZdS0Z
a[hSRS0Q#SRv1a[ZR
©Zf[SRqPf[SRZ[SRv1a,\^]cadh1vch^Q#h1]PZ,\zzS0v^auZ,q?fdhctS0Z[Z[vcHSSRQ#S0v^auZkvPt]Prcvca[NcS
th^vPtSRqcaghj \ztadzSh^cikSRtauZ^¡£Soh-©SRf;\q?\zfu\jSR?qPf[hz^fu\zQUQ#vc%Q#hcrcSR,A\ztadzS\^vPrqP\zZuZ[^Snh1=ikSRta[Z
\^fdSZ[adh^f[SRr 1b Z-0a[\^Z["q?\zfu\jSRZ[Q Z\ qPf[hctSRZuZ[vc hLzS0fU\
au\zZu=ZqP\zfu\zQ#Sa[SRfuZ£3Svc1fdh1]Pq?S0r`v\
MNcS}t\zZuZ QUqcSRQ#SRv1a[Z`a[NcS}qP\zfu\jSRo\ztadL\jadh^v hzau\zZu=Z^f[h^]Pq3SRr v \
¡a[NauNcSfqP\^f[\^QSRadS0f[ZsZ[adh^f[SRrv\^vchzauNcSRf ;m Z[bcvPtENPf[h^vc%$R\zadh^v`h=tRt]PfuZ\jaauNcS¤SRv?r
hza[\^Z[=ZS_cSRt]Padh^v #,SRZ[adS0r qP\^f[\zSZuQtR\zv"3S`S_PqPfdS0Z[Z[SRr 1b vPt]Prcvc}\^v h^=ikS0ta - v"\
hj a[\^Z[=Z ¢auNcSt\zZuZ S_cadSRv?rPZa[NPSt\zZuZ
E
~:^]Pf[S ZuNchL¡Z¤\^v7S_c\^QUqcSUhzs\Z[QUqcSHqP\zfu\jSAqPf[hz^fu\zQ ]PZ[vc thzS0tadh^v?Z/0 a[NcS
t\^Z[Z ;
f[SRqPf[SRZ[SRv1a[ZnauNcS¤qPfdh^^fu\zQ Zuq?S0t33t%a[\^Z[=Z-0casS_ca[SRvPrPZ
;P\^vPra[\zzSRZs\zvh^cikSRta
hzabcq3S- ; \zZsqP\^f[\^QSRadS0f
#-3 L U
MNPSrcZdaufdP]ca[h1v"hz,qP\zfu\jS£q?fdh^^fu\zQUZQ]?ZdaUqPf[SRZ[SRf[zSHauNcSq?fdh^^fu\zQ ZdS0Q#\^v1adtZ-,¡£Sth^v?ZdrcSRf
auNP\jasfu]PvPvcvca ¡nhqP\^f[\zS.vPrcSRq3SRv?rcSRv1ana[\zZu=ZgvH\Z[NP\^fdS0rHQ]Pa[5a[NPf[SR\^rcSRrHSRv1=f[h^vPQ#S0v^a£Z[Nch1]cr
3SS-+=]c\zS0v1aa[h fu]PvPvPvc}a[NcSZu\zQ#Sa[\zZu=Zh1v"a¡nh rPZ[advPtaUqPf[hctSRZuZ[h^fuZ 5oauNcSa[\zZu=ZUQhcrc®b
ZuNP\^fdS0r h^=ikS0ta[ZRA¡nSth1vPZ[rcS0fauNP\ja#a[NPSZ[SRQU\zv1adtZZqPf[SRZ[SRf[zS0r ,a[NcSZ[N?\zf[SRr h1=ikSRta[Z\^fdSvchza
f[SRqPt\zadSRr\zv?rNP\^S,auNcSZu\zQ#S¤th^v?t]PfufdS0v1as\^ttSRZuZnQU\^vP\j^SRQ#SRv1asq?h^tb^
77 È98-:1:<;>=
& ,)/2(K HK
>
F%'&
* * %
G7 !"#$+3
F%'&*% ( G=( &*/1ÑEËG 0½¿ËÄÈ B'&ÓÁÌÁËÄÈ?½¿ÌU?41N PM 3
")(,Ó5½¿¾3R¾7 *(BW M
")( GL½uÓ5½ 8+#"("B
W
M
,,)/#B±ËÄÈÓ Ë ^Ë.-
W
ËB B M 3
ÓÔ½¿¾63¾[Ž4GHG B; 87/(/01 LBM8ËM
G½uÓ5½0Ž4G G BU 2#" 7'BM8ËM)E
8DL½¿ÌQ *#JBÓÔ½¿¾63¾8GL½uÓÔ½<M
D½¿ÌdÅÀd½¿ÂÄÂBM
E
E
~:1]PfdS ,;m ZdQUqcS¤qP\^f[\zS q?fdh^^fu\zQ
kva[NcSqP\^f[\zS^¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu.0¡nSs]PZdSsth^SRtadh^vPZ a[h%QU\zv?\jzSna[NPSsZ[adh1f[\zzSg\^vPr\^ttSRZuZdS0Z a[h\^ta[^S
\^vPr#qP\zZuZdzSnh^cikSRtauZ MNcSrcZdaufdP]ca[SRr¢f[\^Q#S¡nh^fu,Z:h^Pa[\jvcS0r1bauNcSrcZdaufdP]ca[h1vhz.th^SRtadh^vPZ
va[NcSqP\zfu\jSR©¢f[\^Q#S¡nh^fu3£m rcZ[a[f[P]cadS0rth^SRtadh^vZo\thzSRta[h1va[NP\zaoQU\zvP\zzSRZrPZ[a[f[?]cadS0r
SRS0Q#SRv1a[Z Áh^=ikS0ta[ZgQ#\^qPq3SRrh^vUrcZda[vPta;qPf[h=tSRZuZdh1f[Z1¿auNcShctR\jadh^vhj©a[NPSSSRQ#SRv1a[ZA3SvcQU\zZujS0r
a[ha[NcSH]PZ[SRfR ( NcSRv \tSRv1a¤fdSRa[f[SRzSRZ\f[SRQ#hza[S#SRS0Q#SRv1aa[NPf[h^]c1N}\rcZ[a[f[P]PadSRr thzS0tadh^v a
^SauZ;\f[SRQ#hza[SfdS®SRf[SRvPtSadhauNcSoSRS0QS0v1azauNP\jant\^v#3Sov1zh1jSRra[fu\zv?Z[qP\^fdS0v1adbz&%ZdaufdP]ca[SRrau\zZu1Z
\^fdS\ztadL\jadS0r^bfdS0Qh^adSv^^hct\ja[h1vHhz auNcSff[]?vQ#SRa[NchcrPZR
MNcS¤qPN1bcZ[tR\jQ#qPS0QS0v1a[\ja[h1v`hz ZnZfdS0rcS<3.vcSRr¡auNch^]PastEN?\zvc^vc#a[NPSfsv1adS0fk
¢\^tS#a[NPf[h^]P^NvPNcS0fda[\^vPtS, rcS<3.vcSRZauNcSthzSRta[h1vv1adSRfd¢\ztS#\^vPr}Z%Q#qPS0QS0v1adSRr
1bHa¡nht\zZuZdS0Z23?1]PfdS¤|>,
. Q#qPS0QS0v1a[Z\Uvch1vrcZ[a[f[P]PadSRrthzS0tadh^v
. QUqcSRQ#S0v^auZ\UrcZdaufdP]ca[SRrth^SRtadh^v
D_COLLECTION [E]
COLLECTION [E]
LAYOUT_MANAGER ND_COLLECTION [E]
~:^]Pf[S¤| , #,h^vrcZ[a[f[P]cadS0r\zvPrrcZdaufdP]ca[SRrth^SRtadh^vPZ
VXW 7VZY
m rcZ[a[f[P]cadS0rth^SRtadh^vZ,th^QUq3h^Z[SRrhj:¢fu\j1QS0v1a[ZR3QU\zqPq3SRrh^vrcZ[advPta%qPfdhctSRZuZdh1f[ZRPSR\^tEN
¢fu\j1Q#SRv1a¤Q#\^vP\j^vPauNcShctR\j;Zu]PPZ[Sa¤hjsa[NPSHthzSRta[h1v7SRS0Q#SRv1a[ZR`m h=tR\j:¢fu\j1QS0v1a%Z\vch1v
rPZ[a[f[?]cadS0r thzSRta[h1v 3?1]PfdS|,
*
]?ZdS0Z
*
>0auNcS}rPZ[a[f[?]cadS0r
thzS0ta[h1v#q?fdhctS0Z[Z[SRZg\zv\ztRtS0Z[ZAa[h\¤rcZdaufdP]ca[SRrSRS0Q#SRv1ag1b#f[SRQ#h^adSv1zhct\zadh^vadhauNcS¢fu\j1QS0v1a
P3OZPa[NcZSRS0QS0v1a2ÁhctR\j a[h#auNcZSSRQ#SRv1a1¿
G (0/2GD*!( F%'&* * %G1(#0 7 #$ 3
T
·
;U!
³
:69<;
µ£³
69+K <=
·9 927 <= ;
G (0/2GD*!( F%'&* L ( ?EÂuÂBL#)( 3 M
T ;=
·´
;
³A·'
=#9=Q;,9K:
·'
= =0= µ
=0
·
<=0
·
=+ ;
G (0/2GD*!( F%'&*sËÄÈÓ Ñ . ÈÃkÌ!BL ( 3 M
T ;=·´ ; ³A·' =³5· 9: ¹ ;927= ³Ô³9; ³ 9 86 · = ³5· 9!= =2= µ =0 ·
G (0/2GD*!( F%'&*sËÄÈÓQN P=Ñ .È0ÃdÌ¢¾BM
E
~:1]Pf[S,;MNcS
';
7t\zZuZ
Mh\ztRtSRZuZ\zv}SSRQ#SRv1a¤hzs\rcZdaufdP]ca[SRr th^SRtadh^v\tSRv1a¤rcSRv1a[3?S0Z¤a[NPZ¤SRS0Q#SRv1a¡auN \
^h1P\jArcS0v^a[33SRf ÔfdSR\zadzSa[ha[NcS¡NchzSHZdSRahjsSSRQ#S0v^auZ>EMNcS`rcZdaufdP]ca[SRr thzS0tadh^v NP\^Z¤adh
rcS0v^a[®b auNcSH¢fu\j1QS0v1ahL¡vcvca[NPS`SSRQ#S0v^a#\zvPr"a[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQ auNcS`^h1P\j£rcS0v1ad3?SRfv1a[h7\hct\j
rcS0v^a[33SRff[SSL\zv1asadhauNcShct\jthzSRta[h1vgMNcS¤au\zZuHhz:th^v1zS0fda[vc\#zh^?\j rcSRv1a[3?S0fv^a[ha[NcS
th^fufdS0Z[q3h^v?rcvP,hct\j?rcS0v1ad3?SRf£\zvPr#a[NPSohL¡vcS0f:rcS0v1ad3?SRf;rPSzh^^SRZ:h1v\
';
`h^=
ikS0ta23?1]Pf[SoE &%-.S0fdS0v^a
';
`QUqcSRQ#SRv1a[\zadh^vPZnqPf[hL=rcS%rc-.S0fdS0v^anrcZdaufdP]ca[h1v
q3hztSRZRMNcS]PZ[SRfo^]crcS0Za[NPSth^SRtadh^vrcZ[a[f[P]Padh^v1btENPh1h1ZdvcH\
';
7Q
qPS0QS0v1a[\ja[h1vgMNcS 33^]Pf[ST$Uf[SRqPf[SRZ[SRv1a[Z\^vS_P\zQUqcShj;t\zZuZNcSRfu\zfutEN^bhz:rPZ[a[f[?]cadh^v\bzh^]Pa
LIST_LM LAYOUT_MANAGER
ARRAY_LM
CYCLIC_ALM
BLOCK_ALM BLOCK_LLM CYCLIC_LLM
~:^]Pf[SUT$ ,5&%Z[a[f[P]cadh^v\bzh1]canQU\^vP\j^SRfuZ
77 È98-:1:<;>=
QU\^vP\j^SRfuZ/03®h^foS_P\zQUqcSz©a[NPS#rcZ[a[f[P]Padh^vhzg\zfuf[\bcZ1bch=tE=ZoZ%h^Pa[\jvcS0ra[NPf[h^]P^Na[NPS#]PZ[Shz
auNcS
; t\zZuZ
Mh=hzZ£q?fdhcrP]PtS%1\L\qP\^f[\zS ÁQ]cadÔauNPfdS0\zrcS0rgqPfdh^^fu\zQUZR1f[Sb=vch^v\Z[a[\^vPrP\zfurH1\L\fu]Pv1adQS
Z[bcZda[SRQ60gauNcSb rch vch^azS0vcSRfu\ja[S`rcZdaufdP]ca[SRr qPfdh^^fu\zQUZR7MNcS,1N"e:SRfd®h^fuQU\zvPtS`1\\7qPfdhzikSRta
\za kv?rc\^vP\ %vczSRfuZ[abth1QUqPfdZ[SRZ,a[NcSUrcS^Sh^qPQ#S0v^a,hj7> 9 ! 5 \`f[SRZ[a[fu]Pta[]Pf[vPth1QUqcSRf,adh
^SRvcS0f[\zadS%qP\zfu\jSRqPfdh^^fu\zQUZg¢fdh1Q ZdS+=]cSRv1ad\j1\L\qPf[hz1f[\^Q#Z£¡a[N\zvPvPhza[\zadh^vPZRc\zvPr 7>N9 T Ô
\,adh=h^1a[h¤\z]ca[h^QU\ja[tR\jb¤rcSRadSRta;\zvPrS_Pqchza:QUqcta:h=h^qq?\zfu\jSRZ[Q v#^b=a[SRthcrcS^ Wh1]PrcSRf:\zv?r
ktENPZu]cz { 1NP\^S;rcS<33vPSRr¤Msv^b2&\ja[\jÔeA\^f[\zSj1\L\\zZ \^vS_P\zQUqcSg\zq?qct\zadh^v%hjcauNcSf S_=a[SRvPZ[cS
1\L\HqPf[SRqPf[hctS0Z[Z[h^f
,,Q#SRa[NchcrPZ,rPSRv1ad3?SRr}\zZ%rP\jau\LqP\zfu\jSQ#SRa[NchcrPZ%\zf[Sauf[\^vPZd\ja[SRr1b
v^\L\#Q]cad5a[NPf[SR\^rcSRrthcrcS0Z
.,auNcSRf:qPf[hjikS0ta[Z \zf[S£?\zZ[SRrh1vrcZ[a[f[P]PadSRrh^=ikS0tauZ \^vPrf[SRQ#h^adS£Q#SRa[Nchcrv1zhctR\jadh^v?Z e£NcqPq=
Z[SRv\^vPr\j TR N?\zS¤S_ca[SRvPrcS0ra[NcS#^\L\#\zvc1]P\j^S^b\zr?rcvP GJI<NMIoh^=ikS0ta[Zo\jaauNcS\zvc1]P\j^S
S^SÔm f[]?v^a[Q#S`QU\^vP\j^SRZtRfdS0\jadh^v rcZdaufdP]ca[h1v \zvPr Q#^fu\ja[h1v}hzh^=ikS0ta[ZRMNcS`qPf[hz1f[\^Q
Q#vcHQ#hcrcSZS_PqctadbrcZ[a[f[P]cadS0rP]caof[SRQ#h^adSQ#SauNchcrv1zhctR\jadh^vZa[fu\zv?Z[qP\^fdS0v1ag¢f[h^Q a[NcS
q?fdh^^fu\zQUQ#SRfsq?h^v1a,hjA=SR¡¤\zY\^vPr\j T4! :N?\zSrcS/33vcSRr\`qP\zfu\jSRS_cadS0vPZ[h1vadh`1\L\P?qPf[hj
=rcvc}rcbcvP\^Q#ttf[SR\zadh^v hj%fdS0Qh^adSh^=ikS0ta[Z¡a[N"h^\^r"P\z\^vPtvc?;\^vPr h1=ikSRta^f[h^]?qPZ a#Z
QUqcSRQ#SRv1adS0r"]PZ[vPa[NcSl£h^v1^SRfuZdS TzT4 sv1a[SRf[h^q3SRfu\zca b¢fu\zQ#SR¡£h1f[. ¡NctEN Q#\^jS0Z¤a#q?h1Z[Z[cS
a[hHv^a[S1f[\zadSqP\^f[\zS Pf[\^fdSRZ¡fdada[SRvv^\L\U¡a[NQ#hcrP]cSRZovhza[NPSRfqP\^f[\zS \^vc^]P\zzS0Zv\
Z[vczS¤\zqPqct\ja[h1v
p1h1Q#SSRv1=f[h^vPQ#S0v^auZ¤fdSRb7h^v \rP\jau\LqP\zfu\jSRAqPfdh^^fu\zQUQ#vPQ#hcrcS£\zvPr \ / ; S_cS0t]ca[h1v
Q#hcrcSRÁ^¡auNch^]ca;\^v1bS_cadS0vPZ[h1va[h%auNcSo1\L\o\zvc1]P\j^Sz L\^vPvcjhL\^vPr\z9 3NP\^SsrPS<33vcS0rU\%t\^Z[Z
Pf[\^fdb^3th^v1a[\zvcvc\HZdSRa,hzg^\L\Ht\^Z[Z[SRZ,\zvPrv1adS0fk¢\^tS0Z®h^f,a[NPSrcSRzSh^q?QS0v1aohjgr?\ja[\j5q?\zfu\jSR
q?fdh^^fu\zQUZA]PZ[vc\f[]PvcÔa[Q#SoP\^ZdS0rUh^v; T;-.SR3eA\zfu\jSTA_cS0t]ca[h1v Tgv1=f[h^vPQ#S0v^a1T$
Zo\^vh^=ikS0tah1fdSRv1adS0rrcSRZ[1v¢f[\^QSR¡£h1f[`rcS^Sh^q3SRrvh^]Pfa[SR\^Q aoq?fdh1q?h1ZdS0Z\qPf[hz^fu\zQUQ#vc
S0v11f[h^vPQ#SRv1a¤¡NcS0fdSrP\jau\\zvPr th^v1a[f[hz£qP\zfu\jSRZuQ\zf[SHa[hza[\zb SRvPtR\zqPZu]c\jadS0r v f[S1]c\zf T;-©S
t\^Z[Z[SRZR¡a[Nch1]ca\zv1bS_cadS0vPZdh^v adh a[NcS \zvc1]P\j^S7vch^fQ#hcrc3.t\ja[h1v hzauZZdS0Q#\^v1adtZR MNPZ
f[SRZ[SR\^f[tENHZ^SRf[b`th^Z[SadhUh^]?f[ZP]Pa]PZdS0ZvchqPf[hz1f[\^Q a[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQU\jadh^v\zvPra[NPS¤S_cSRtR]cadh^vQ#hcrcS
ZsQ#adSRra[hUa[NcS -3; Q#hcrcSRÁ
zSv auNcS^qPf[hjikSRtagq?\zfu\jSRZ[Q QU\b"3Sv1a[f[hcrP]PtS0r"auNPfdh1]c^N a[NcSvch^adh^v hj%\^ta[^S
h1=ikSRta[ZRnln\zf[h^Q#SR \zvPr\j\zf[SrcS^Sh^qcvc^\L\¡NctENZP\^ZdS0rh1v\zta[^S¤h^=ikS0tauZ\zvPr]PZ[SRZ\
Pf[\^fdba[N?\ja%Z%a[Z[SgS_cadS0vPZ[cSU^bauNcS#q?fdh^^fu\zQUQ#SRfuZ%MNcZ,¡nh^fuZ%P\zZ[SRrh1v T;-©Sy ;\zv?r
l 5?\zv?r]PZ[SRZsauNcSf[S<'?S0tadh^vQ#SRtENP\^vcZ[Q auNPf[h^]c1N\ 6SRa[\L2.%=ikS0tasegf[hzadhcthzÔ
£
kvauNcZoqP\^q?S0f.¡£SN?\zSqPf[SRZ[SRv1adS0ra[NcSrcZ[a[f[P]cadh^vhz;^\L\qP\^f[\zS q?fdh^^fu\zQUZnMNcSqPf[hz1f[\^Q
Q#vcQ#hcrcS£¡£SHqPf[h^q3h^Z[SZ¤S_Pqcta[b qP\^f[\zSÔP\^ZdS0r h^v \qP\zfu\jSA¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu. ¡a[Nch1]ca\zv1b
S_cadSRv?Zdh^va[hauNcS^\L\¤\zvc1]P\j^Sz&,ZdaufdP]ca[SRrqPf[hz^fu\zQUZ;\^fdS,zS0vcSRfu\ja[SRr1bh^=ikS0tauZgauf[\^vPZk®h1f[QU\j
VXW 7VZY
a[h1vPZÔ\qPfdS0qPf[h=tSRZuZdh1fna[fu\zvPZd®h^fuQUZ£h1=ikSRta[Za[hH\jhL¡ f[SRQ#hza[S\^ttSRZuZdS0Z>£\zv?r^SRvcS0f[\zadS0rqPf[hz1f[\^QUZ
]?ZdSn\,rcZ[a[f[P]PadSRr¢f[\^Q#S¡nh^fuoP\^ZdS0rh^va[NcSsqP\zfu\jS^¢f[\^QSR¡£h1f[. MNcSsfu]Pv1adQSs]PZ[SRZa[NcSsZ[a[\zv?rP\zfur
1\L\'4,f[a[]?\j 67\^tENcvPSzc¡a[Nch1]ca\zv1b`tENP\^vczSv`auNcS1b=adSRthcrcSz
MNcZs¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fuUt\^v3SS_cadS0vPrcSRra[hUN?\zvPrcS¤rcbcvP\zQ#ttf[SR\ja[h1vHhza[\^Z[=ZRca[NPf[h^]P^N`rPb=v?\zQ#t
thzS0ta[h1vPZ2¢Sz?AZdauZ>10?rcZdaufdP]ca[SRrZ[tENPSRrP]cvcth^]Pr\jZdh3S\zrPrPSRradhUa[NcS¢fu\zQ#SR¡£h1f[.
m,vchzauNcSRfg®h^f[SRZ[SS0vUS_cadS0vPZdh^vHhj a[NPZn¡nh^fuZga[h]PZ[S%\Qh1fdS,S &HtSRv1anf[]PvcÔa[Q#SoauNP\zvHa[NcS;
L n
T ¤m?3.l,s`\zvPr &%%\zvPvch1v TA_PqchzadvcQUqctaqP\zfu\jSRZuQ v1\L\PA P"EGSGJIHP"E
GJK0EHMO?ELI KNP I GSO?IHP"ELI? 1,{ T0P?T0z
! ¤m^31l,s.^3 T04,\ztZR^\zv?r &%%\zvPvch1v©^m 4 moW ,^\¤qPf[hza[hza bcq?S1\L\%f[SRZ[a[fu]Pta[]Pf[vP
th^QUqcS0f;NPE<GSG:I PE GJK0EHMO?ELI KNP I GSO?IHP"ELI TR^ Mh\zqPq3SR\^f
y &# ln\zf[h^Q#SÔnMhL¡s\zfurPZ\HQ#SauNchcrhj;h^cikSRtadÔh1fdSRv1a[SRrth^v?t]PfufdS0v1aqPfdh^^fu\zQUQ#vP?; "
P O?ELKNM8O¢NP
Q M3I7?y Á>,.T$!ccp1SRqca[SRQ?S0f¤TR^zyP
&#£ln\zf[h^Q#SRÁ;~ssSh1vPtSz£\zvPrAWh1]PrcSRfR"MNcS7lZ[bcZda[SRQ kv 9( Zdh1v \zv?r
e: ]cS0rca[h^fuZ KNGJKEI< G[ 0GJK OZP
Q
OZP 6 kMCegf[SRZuZT0z
{ #ktENPZu]cz.\zvPr!#zWh1]PrcSRfRkv^a[S1f[\zadvcrP\jau\L qP\zfu\jSP\zv?rfdS0\zta[^Sth1vPZdauf[]?ta[Z;v1adh^\L\P
kv" G[BE$# &%G:KNP"ELI('K KNP*)# G,+
Q
? P- HILEHM/.2K
Q
I0 K GJK E%I< K P1'O
Q MOM I23A(MK
M8O¢NP540-6.7;8:9;<(=L.~3fu\zvPtSz.%ta[h^3SRfT0z Mh\zqPq3SR\^fsv
#lp..pcqPfdvc^SRfd84AS0fd\j3
4 L\zv?vczhL©1p.%\zZuZu\zf[b^\zv N6" &%h^QUfu\ztENcSR.040Tga[tEN=\zvPr4#=p=N1a[\za[hLcvP\b^\? &,eg ,z1\L\
t\^Z[Zn?f[\^fdb#®h^fsrcSRzSRh1qPQ#SRv1a£hzrP\za[\LqP\^f[\zS©qPf[hz^fu\zQUZRkvPZ[ada[]ca[S,®h1fp1bcZda[SRQ egf[hz1f[\^Q
Q#vc??Wo]PZuZd\zvmotR\zrcS0QbHhzAp=tS0vPtS0Z T0z
¤1\L\zZ[hj®aR ^\L\ th1fdS f[S<'3SRta[h1v me \^vPr Zuq?S0t33t\zadh^v
>
,@?BA,C@C
>
,@?BD(EF + >
,7DQ%0+B) C +%C@E @GHDIHC@EF"KJB&(
>
!(%N, +01 DL?(cj^\^v1]?\zf[bT0z
| ¤1\L\zZ[hj®aR ^\L\ fdS0Qh^adS Q#Sa[NPh=r v^^hct\ja[h1v Zuq?S0t33t\zadh^v f[S=Zdh^v Tz !c
>
,@?BA,C@C
>
,@?BD(EF + >
,7DQ%0+B) C +%C@E @GHDNMOC-&B) @JP?3(%@JQSRUT HDVM6DL?(c &,S0tSRQ?S0fTR^
¤3 6"=zY $Y-+=]cSR.\^vPr`3 1e:\^tENcSRf[Sz eA\zfu\jS?h1q?S0f[\zadh1f[ZRkvHe:?l£hzv^a[Sz=SRrPa[h^fRUB--WX9;@YL
v=]PQ?S0f¤T$^z|v #¤lp..p=q?fdvczS0f 4ASRf[\z?cqP\zzSRZsy^|j = 1{c=^]cbT0z
T$ 3 6"zY $Y+1]PSÔo~s %]crPSRtj\zv?r ~s ,\zQ#SRv eA\zfu\jSR%$vc"h1=ikSRtah1fdSRv1a[SRr Z[hj®a¡s\zf[S
auNPf[h^]c1NUa[NcSfdS0]PZ[Shj qP\^f[\zS.th^QUq3h^vcS0v1a[ZR*kv- HILE M:I- GSO?I P MI0Z Q M I<
Q
^^hz]PQ#STz=qP\zzSRZ
TR ^.T P.TR^j ?
TzT 4 \zY^36"1NP\zv?rP\zfu\zfRF#©^\z^\za[NcS0Z[\^v.p. fdZuNPvP\zv 3\zv?r?;Sh^v%l£h1v1zSRfuZ[S ,\^v
v1adS0fdh1q?S0f[\^cS,¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu®h^fsqP\zfu\jSqPf[hz^fu\zQUQ#vc?kv" G[BELILI2 OZP
Q M[I\]NM[_^ P3MI GSPK
M8O¢NPK KNGJKEI Gu ELI
Q:Q
OZPXZ P
Q
OE"#?qP\j^SRZ !cT4!$ !cT ,h^vch^]c] %\¡n\zÁcm,qPfd;T0z
77 È98-:1:<;>=
T!
34 \jYz 6"NP\^vPrP\^f[\zfRP\zv?rM ( QU\zf[a[N &%SRZ[1v\zvPrQUqcS0Q#SRv1a[\zadh^vhjAeg\^f[\zS
1\L\¡a[N\#zh^?\j©h^=ikS0taZuqP\ztSz kv3 G[BEP#7;NP #;NP" KNG:K EIK P1'O
Q MGSOMI2 G[BE:I QLQ
OZP
ILE2P. K P1! (O?ELKNM8O¢NP
Q
\^Z 4AS^\^ZW#,SL\zr?\PP1]cb7TRz
TRy %e: \^]PvP\b%\zvPr3 eA\ $0\ja^m ¢fu\zQ#S¡nh^fu®h1f qP\^f[\zS1qPfdh^^fu\zQUQ#vPnv1\L\P kv 9;z
#lp.©p=qPf[vc^SRf 4AS0fd\j3=m,QUZda[SRfurP\zQ?m,qPfdATR^z|? Mh\zqPq3SR\^f
T 26 AegNcqPqPZ[SRv\zv?r 6" .S0vczS0f"1\L\jeg\^fdab a[fu\zvPZuqP\^fdS0v^a#fdS0Q#hzadSh^cikSRtauZ#v ^\L\? kv
W.1]PvcSUTR^
T0{ p©©p=\^vP\zfR3p.4oZ[¡n\^vP\zrPN?\PP\zv?rW&]PvPt\^vg1\L\l£h1QUqcSRfol£h1QUqcSRfBauNcS1\L\#q?\zfuZdS0f
^SRvcS0f[\zadh1f ,!,@?BA,CUCN/ / /BD4H$ 1,("N, D4%N+*)CQFCc=#,hLzS0Q3SRf%TR^
VXW 7VZY