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Alternative Schemes for High-Bandwidth Instruction Fetching

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HAL Id: inria-00073297

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073297

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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Alternative Schemes for High-Bandwidth Instruction Fetching

Pierre Michaud, André Seznec, Stéphan Jourdan, Pascal Sainrat

To cite this version:

Pierre Michaud, André Seznec, Stéphan Jourdan, Pascal Sainrat. Alternative Schemes for High- Bandwidth Instruction Fetching. [Research Report] RR-3392, INRIA. 1998. �inria-00073297�

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a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Alternative Schemes for High-Bandwidth Instruction Fetching

Pierre Michaud, Andr´e Seznec, St´ephan Jourdan, Pascal Sainrat

N ˚ 3392

Mars 1998

TH `EME 1

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(7)

A B C D

FETCHING PREDICTING

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(8)

TRACE CACHE

instruction window

cache L2 BTB

cache L1 FETCH

UNIT

trace

block FILL UNIT

retired instructions

rename / dispatch trace finalized

update

align/

decode branch

predictor

™ œrq§zxgŒ cdwgc/z‡p?†%g 7pr†dwg?³

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