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HAL Id: inria-00073712

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073712

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Specification and Verification of various Distributed Leader Election Algorithm for Unidirectional Ring

Networks

Hubert Garavel, Laurent Mounier

To cite this version:

Hubert Garavel, Laurent Mounier. Specification and Verification of various Distributed Leader Elec- tion Algorithm for Unidirectional Ring Networks. [Research Report] RR-2986, INRIA. 1996. �inria- 00073712�

(2)

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Specification and Verification of various Distributed Leader Election Algorithms

for Unidirectional Ring Networks

Hubert Garavel, Laurent Mounier

N ˚ 2986

Septembre 1996

TH `EME 1

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