HAL Id: inria-00073571
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073571
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Distributed Application Configuration
Luc Bellissard, Slim Ben Atallah, Fabienne Boyer, Michel Riveill
To cite this version:
Luc Bellissard, Slim Ben Atallah, Fabienne Boyer, Michel Riveill. Distributed Application Configura-
tion. [Research Report] RR-3119, INRIA. 1997. �inria-00073571�
ISSN 0249-6399
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Distributed Application Configuration
Luc Bellissard, Slim Ben Atallah, Fabienne Boyer and Michel Riveill
N ˚ 3119
Fevrier 1997
TH ` EME 1
% & ')(+*-,.,0/2131547698;:=< >?,./0@A(+*CBEDFG4H,.,I47J K5< L 4HM;/.*-BB;*N(+OHP?*-6GQR4HB 8ESE/I'TJ;*C,VU/.W?*C/.,.,IK
XY?Z
[\][+^_a`b[cd[3eGfHgh[ijcdk-cli
Z
[m\][c
npolq3r
[mijs-t
o
eGu
`jeTvHv qwo
ix7[
o
[u Y [ o u Y
[zyR{C|7^w^5}h_~[
o
t[
o
^5}w}=$_^+v eG=[c
pm5G G= XY
tcv eGv[
o v o
[cl[y-idc#eGyeeTyHwfeGw[eGyHxe
o
fHyidt\h[clfHv7v q=o
i]ty-il[myHxH[xi
q
eTuttieGid[i
Y
[NxH[mcltwyu
q
y-wf
o
eGilt
q
yeTyHx[
q
fHidt q y q
x7tcdi
o
t7fHil[x eGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
yHc¡\eGxH[fHv q
Y
[mil[
odq
w[myH[
q
f7cc q
i2¢£e
o
[+u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilc5¤¦¥
q
y- =f
o
eTilt
q
yNu
q
w[
o
c¡i2¢
q v Y
eGcl[mc3§
qwo
i Y
[]eTvHvHtu3eGidt q y
Hf7txH[
o
Hi
Y
[$txH[y-ilt¨ u3eTilt q y q iY
[$c q
i2¢e
o
[$u
q
\]v
q
yH[myCidc£eTyHxi
Y
[$xH[mclu
o
tv7ilt q y q i Y
[mt
o
tyCid[
o u q
y-©
yH[muilt
q
y7cjeGyHxhu
q
\h\fHyHtu3eGidt
q
yHc5ª
qwo
iY
[$eGvHvHtu3eTilt
q
y]eTxH\]tyHtcli
o
eTi qwo
Gi
Y
[«eGumuf
o
eTil[Rf7cl[
q
cdkCcdil[\
o
[c q f o
u[mc«v olq
-txH[x-ki
Y
[$i¬e
o
=[ij[y--t olq
yH\][y-i5ª
q=o
iY [$xH[vH
q
k-\][myCi q i Y
[¡eTvHvHtu3eGidt q y q
yhi Y [
ie
o
=[ij[myC-t olq
yH\][myCi5¤
XY
[R\eTtyh [myH[ i q
eGyNtci q v
odq
CtxH[+e+cltyHw[Rf7yHt¨ [xNxH[mclu
o
tv7ilt q y q
xHtcli
o
tHfHid[x)eTvHvHt¨©
u3eTilt
q
y7c3eTxH[-f eGid[
qwo
u q yHcdi
o
f7uilt
q
y\eGy eTw[\h[y-i3HeGy7xN[
q
fHilt
q
y¤
XY
[ q
w[
o
eG;xH[cdu
o
tvHidt
q
y®tc
tyHxH[mv [y7xH[y-i
odq
\¯i
Y
[¡u
q
\]v
q
yH[myCidc3°t\]vH[\h[y-i¬eTilt
q
y=c q i Y
eGi$i
Y
[¡u
q
y- =f
o
eTilt
q
yNv olq
u[cdc3;[w¤ ¤
i Y [¡v
olq
xHfHuidt q y q
xHt¨±?[
o
[myCi$=[
o
cdt
q
yHc q
eTyNt\]vH[\h[y-i¬eTilt
q
y-tcjxH[mu
q
fHv7[mx
odq
\¯i
Y
[¡v olq
o eT\©
\hty7Rv olq
u[mclc3¤
XY
[ [3eGidf
o
[c q i Y
[u
q
y- =f
o
eTilt
q
yeGy7wf eTw[eTyHxi Y [
f7yHuilt
q
yHc
q iY [ o
fHy-ilt\][hclfHv7v q=o
i
cdkCcdil[\e
o
[$tf7cli
o
eGid[xi YHodq
fH
Y iY
[$[gHeG\hvH[
q
e+xHtcli
o
tHfHid[xil[[u q y [ o
[yHutyHNeTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y¤
²h³-´µ¬¶R·w¸;G ¹
tcdi
o
t7fHil[xºvHvHtu3eGidt q y
n;odq
o
eG\h\]tyH3º o u Y
til[muilf
o
eG
¹
[ yHtidt
q
y»eGyH=f eG=[
¼½¾
¿ÁÀ2Â3Ã
¾
¿ÅÄÆÀ2Ç.ÈÉ
ÊËÍÌ.ÎÏGÐGÑGËÍÒÍÌ.ÓGÔlÕVÒÍÖj×.ÓGÔVØlÙ×.ÓÚÖ3×.ÔlÛ.ÖGÜ×.ÒÍÎÖ5ÜË3ÝÎÖ5ÞÔlÛ.ÔlÖGßlÔÎÖjà;ÒÍÌ.×0Û.ÒÍÑGÐG×.ÔlÕÝÎáÏGÐG×.ÒÍÖGâã5ä5Ì0×.ÔláÌdåÏGÏ-æ çèéê9çìë3ç5å
íÎÖGâîï;ÎÖGâGåð$ÜäRØléémÙ
ñ
ÚÖGÌ0×.ÒÍ×.ÐG×HòÜ×.ÒÍÎÖGÜËGó7ÎËÍä3×.Ôlß2ÓGÖGÒÍô5ÐGÔåõ;Û0ÔdÖGÎÑGËÍÔî?öCÐGßmæ÷?ÔlËÍËÍÒÍÌ.Ì0ÜmÛ0ÕwøÒÍáVÜâGæÞÛ
ùú
ÖGÒÍûÔdÛ0Ì.ÒÍ×3üÔ?ÕGÔVã5ܬûmÎÒÍÔåÝÓGÜáVÑýüÔlÛ.ä î ð$ÒÍß2ÓGÔdËæþÒÍûÔdÒÍËÍËÿøÐGÖGÒÍûìîÌ.ÜûÎÒÍÔæÞÛ
ú
ÖGÒÍûÔdÛ0Ì.ÒÍ×3üÔìÎÌ0ÔdÏGÓGÎÐGÛ.ÒÍÔlÛdå3õ;Û.ÔlÖGÎÑGËÍÔîGÜÑGÒÍÔlÖGÖGÔmæ÷?άämÔlÛ2øÒÍáVÜâGæÞÛ
Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes
655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN (France)
T´el´ephone : (33) 04 76 61 52 00 – T´el´ecopie : (33) 04 76 61 52 52
³ ³E
¥V[
o
eTvHv q=o
iv
o b[cl[myCid[N[]eGy7CeG=[]$»?º¯[mic q y clfHv7v
q=o
ix°[gVb[uf7ilt
q
y¤ `b[3eTtcHb[
x eTyHc$[Ru3eGx
o
[+xHf)v olq3r
[mi«s-t
o
eTuw?u[mi«[myC-t olq
yHyH[\h[y-i
eGumttil[ e+x7[clu
o
tvHilt
q
y?e+u
q
y-wf
o
eGilt
q
yN[i
2°lb[
q
fHilt
q y xH[ceTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yHc o b[v e
o
ilt[cVu
q
yHcli
o
fHtil[mcv e
o
eGclcd[\HeG=[x7[u
q
\hv
q
c¬eGy-idc Y b[iHb[
olq
Z [y7[c3¤
»e+u
q
y-wf
o
eGilt q y o
[
odq
fHv[+xH[fHgNeGcdv [muilc$[cdcl[y-ilt[c§;2°tx7[y-ilt¨ u3eTilt
q
yhxH[cju
q
\]v
q
ceGy-ilc
q
wtut[c
[i$ex7[clu
o
tvHilt
q
yxH[¡[f
o
c$tyCid[
o
eTuilt
q
yHcjv q f o
[Ru
q
yHcli
o
fHumil[f
o
x°ÍeGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
yHcǻ [ij[+vHeGu[\h[y-i
[i[$xb[v7
q
t[\][y-i x7[«2°ÍeGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
y¡cdf
o
[cxHt¨±«b[ o [y-ilcy
q
[mfHxHcjx7f]clk-cdi
Z
[\h[«ve
o
I°ÍeTxH\]tyHtcli
o
eTil[f o ¤
» []v
o
tyHutv eGVb[yb[ u[Nx°eGy [mclixH[
q f o
yHt
o
fHyH[xH[mclu
o
tv7ilt q y fHyHt
qwo
\][xH[mc¦eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yHc3
fHidttceGH[v q f o
e u q yHcdi
o
fHuilt
q
yj2°tyHclieGeGidt
q y vHfHtc]2°ÍeGx7\]tyHtÿcdi
o
eGilt
q y xH[c b[
q
fHilt
q
y7c3¤ ¥V[idil[
xH[mclu
o
tv7ilt
q
yh[cli tyHxb[v [myHx eGy-id[jxH[e\]tcl[V[y
q
[fH
o
[jxH[u
Y
eTufHyxH[cVu
q
\]v
q
c¬eTy-ilc§ev odq
x7fHuilt q y
xH[mcRxHt¨±«b[ o
[y-il[mc¡=[
o
cdt
q
yHc$x°fHyH[eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
y[y
q
yHuilt
q
y)xH[mc«x7tÿ±$b[ o
[y-il[c+utH[c$[cli xHtclc
q
ut5b[[+xH[
e+v odq
o
eG\h\e5ilt
q
y¡xH[$u
Y
eTufHyxH[cNb[3b[\][y-idcxH[$I°ÍeTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y¤
E·9ìµì³®
¥ q y-i
o
fHuidt
q
y]x°eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yHc o b[ve
o
idt[c37v olq
o
eT\]\eGilt
q
y¡u
q
yHcli
o
fHumiltw[
|
& '
R ]]V
¹
tcli
o
tHfHid[xc q
i2¢e
o
[clk-clid[\]ce
o
[fHclf eTk u q
\hv
q
cl[x q
e®y-fH\[
oq
\f7ilf eTk®tyCid[
o
eTuiltyH
c q i2¢e
o
[«u
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc3¤$( [ q umfHc
q f o ¢ q=o%)q
yeGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
y7c i
Y
eTity-
q
w[cl[mw[
o
eG?fHcd[
o
c¢
q=o%)
tyH
q
y]e$cl[i q ¢
qwo*)
cli¬eTilt
q
y7c3=c Y e o
tyHRty
q=o
\eGilt
q
y¡eGyHxty-il[
o
eGumiltyHRty
o
[5eGilt\][w¤$+;gHeG\]v7[mc q
clfHu
Y
eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yHce
o
[id[[u q y [ o
[yHutyHG[[ui olq
y7tuVxHte
o
t[c35c q
i2¢e
o
[ÅxH[w[m
q
vH\][myCi[y--t odq
yH\h[y-ilc53eGy7x
¢
qwo*),q
¢ eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yHc3¤
XY
[
-./0 q
eGy]eGv7vHtu5eGilt q y o [ [ o
ci q i Y
[xH[cdu
o
tvHidt q y q i Y
[jc q
i2¢e
o
[[y-iltilt[cVtyC
q
¨©
=[x-i
Y
[jxH[yHtilt q y q i Y
[t
o
\f7ilf eTHtyCid[
o
eTuilt
q
yHceGy7xi
Y
[[
q
f7ilt q y q
[y-iltilt[ceTyHx]ty-il[
o
eGumilt
q
yHc
i
YHolq
fH
YHq
fHii
Y
[«t
[idt\][
q i Y
[+eGvHvHtu3eTilt
q
y¤$1
2#/34/2
xH[3eGc¢ti Y i Y
[+eGuuf
o
eGid[RfHcd[
q
cdkCcÁ©
id[\
o
[c q f o
u[mc£eTuu qwo
xHtyH$i q i Y
[£eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y°c o [-fHt
o
[\][y-idc365[w¤ ¤ vHeGu[\h[y-i q u q
\]v
q
yH[myCidc q y
exHtcli
o
tHfHil[mxNyH[i2¢
qwo*)
q
Hcl[
o
weGidt
q
y eTuu[cdcRu
q
yCi olq
87 qwo
iY [¡u
qwolo
[ui$cl[mililtyH
q
ve
o
eT\][id[
o
cyH[©
u[mclc¬e
o
ki q v
olq
xHfHum[eTy][g-[umfHi¬eTH[«t\eGw[
q i Y
[«eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y95[w¤ ¤;i
Y
[jy-fH\[
o q
clt\fHi¬eTyH[
q
fHc
fHcd[
o
c$ty]i
Y
[¡eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y7¤
XY
[cl[ eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
y7c¦e
o
[Nu
q
y-w[yHt[y-idkxH[mclu
o
t[xu
q
yHcli
o
fHuid[x eGy7x\eTy eG=[x tyil[
o
\]c q
i Y [t
o
w
q
eG?c q
i2¢e
o
[$e o u Y
tid[uidf
o
[w¤:
q
¢[=[
o
7i
Y
[$uf olo
[myCiil[u
Y
y7t-fH[mc«e5weGteG7[
q
y]xHtcdi
o
tHf7il[x
vHeTi
q=o
\]c;5clf7u
Y
eGc
o
[\
q
il[$v odq
u[xHf
o
[Ru3eT2=\fHiltu3eTcli3=ut[y-i2©2cl[
o
w[
o \ q
xH[07 Y e o
x7k
Y
[vtyhi Y [
=
q
eG;xH[mcltwy®v olq
u[mclc q
xH[u
q
\]v
q
cltyHeGy eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
yty-i
q
ehcd[i q
ty-il[
o
eGuidty7u
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc3¤
XY
[mk eGc
q
twy qwo
[\eGy eTw[\h[y-ieTclv[uidc]clf7u
Y
eGc+i Y [ q
y7[c]cdi¬eGid[x [
qwo
[w¤`fHy-idt\h[clfHv7v q=o
i
tc$fHclfeGk\htclcltyH
qwo
i Y [u
q
yHcli
o
fHuidt
q y eGy7xNi
Y
[\eGy eTw[\h[y-i q
eGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
yHcji
Y
eGi$[g
Y
tHti«e
cdi
o
f7uilf
o
[¡¢
Y
tu
Y
tcjeGy-k\
q=o
[u
q
\hvH[gi
Y
eTyNeRcdt\hvH[jut[y-i2©2cl[
o
w[
o e odo
eTyHw[\h[y-i3¤
<#q
x7fH[>=2y-il[
ou q
yHy7[uilt
q y »eGyH=f eG=[c«e
o
[¡ec
q
fHidt
q
yi qY
eTyHxH[R
q iY u q
y7cli
o
fHuidt
q y eTyHxN\e5©
y eTw[\h[y-i3=u
q
[uidtw[k o[ [
odo
[xNi
q
eGc
"?#%0
¤
XY
[mk¡tc
q
eGil[i
Y
[jv olq
o eT\ cdi
o
fHuilf o[ odq
\
i Y []u
q
y-il[g-i q
[g-[umfHilt
q
yeT
q
¢tyHhi
Y
[xH[mw[
q
v[
o i q u q
yHu[y-i
o
eGid[
q
y®i Y [
fHy7uilt
q
yeG
o
[-fHt
o
[©
\h[y-ilc q c q
i2¢e o [ \ q
xHfH[c5¤
<
=l» c«e o [ Y
t
Y [ o
[=[;eTyHwfeGw[mcty¢
Y
tu Y i Y
[¡ty-il[
o u q
y7yH[uidt
q
yHc
[i2¢V[[y u q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilcRe
o
[xH[clu
o
t [mx tyHxH[v[yHx7[y-ilk q i Y
[xH[v7
q
k-\h[y-ijvHeGi
qwo
\)¤$º
o
f7yCidt\][
cdfHvHv qwo
i+[yHu5eGvHcdfHeGil[mcu
q
\h\fHyHtu3eGidt
q
y [mi2¢[[my \ q
xHfH[cReGcR¢V[eGcRx eTi¬ei
o
eTyHc
q=o
\eGilt
q
y?c
q
i Y eGi$i
Y [ Y
eTyHxHtyH
q
ty-il[
o
eGumty7
o
[mCf7t
o
[\][myCidcjtc$xH[u
q
fHvH[x
olq
\ i Y eGi
q
fHyHuidt
q
y eG
o
[-fHt
o
[©
\h[y-ilc3¤
n;odq
o eG\h\][
o
ce o[ o
[[x
olq
\ iY [u
q
yHcdi
o
eGty-ilcVt\hv
q
cl[x+-kRi
Y
[jfHyHx7[
o
k-tyH¡e o u Y
til[uidf
o
[=
i Y
[eGyH=f eG=[ v olq
u[mclc q=o
c5
qwo
i Y [Vu
q
\]\fHyHtu3eTilt
q
y\][x7te7¤?~Hf o iY [ o \
q=o
[w
q
yHu[jeTy¡eGv7vHtu5eGilt q y Y
eGc
[[y®u q y wf
o
[x
q=oq
yH[R[g-[umfHilt
q
y[y-Ct odq
yH\h[y-i3=i
Y
[yi
Y
[Rx7[vH
q
k-\][y-i
qwo
eTy q i Y [ o
[g-[uf7ilt q y
[y--t olq
yH\][y-iVtci
o
[3eTil[xNcd[v e
o
eGid[kCHeTfHi
q
\eTiltu3eGkReGyHxhtyHxH[v[yHxH[myCidk q i Y
[$t\]v7[m\][y-i¬eTilt
q
yHc
q \ q
xHfH[c5¤A@
BC/0D E
|-Ftc$eGy[gHeG\hvH[
q
clfHu
Y
e+eTyHwfeGw[ReTyHx
o
f7yCidt\][w¤
!G04EIH
FeTyHx\
q=o
[
o
[u[y-ilk
>-J!0KE
-F[g-il[yHx i Y [eGvHv
olq
eTu Y v
olq
v q
cl[x CkK@
BC/D
-k)[my eGHtyHi
Y
[]xH[cdtwyH[
o i q
xH[mclu
o
t[eTy)eGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
y°ccli
o
fHuidf
o
[]eTce
Y
t[
o e ou Y k q
ty-id[
o u q
yHyH[umil[x u q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilcty7clil[5eGx q
e ,
eTilid[yH[xu
q
[umilt
q y q \ q
xHfH[c3¤ jf o ¢
q=o%)LEIM
Fj[g-id[yHxHchi
Y
[v odq
v q c¬eTc
q ¹ e o
¢ty ¢ti Y e
eGy7wf eTw[ji
Y
eGijeTxHx
o
[clcd[c$i Y [ q
q
¢ty7«tcdclfH[c5§
N [yHu3eTvHclf7eTilt q y q v o
[©2[g-tcliltyH
qwo
uf7cli
q
\©2\eTxH[;c q
i2¢£e
o
[[y-iltidt[mc3=¢
YHq
cd[
o
eTy-fHe
o
ti2kR\e5k
we
o
kC
N [g-v
o
[mclclt
q y q 02/%/0
[mi2¢[[my)c q
i2¢e
o
[R[y-iltilt[c5Htyil[
o
\]c q
fHyHuidt
q
y eG?x7[v [myHxH[y-©
ut[c«eTyHxu
q
\h\fHyHt¨u3eGidt
q
y¡i2k-v[c3
þþ¯Ö!OPGØØdé
1
Existing Applications Existing
Applications Existing
Applications Session
Node 2 Session
Node 1
Session
Node 3
Cooperation Cooperation
Controller
Cooperation Controller
Controller
~t=f
o
[^=§ ¥ qCq
v s-u3eTyw[yH[
o
eG;e o u Y
tid[uidf o [
N xH[u
q
fHvHtyH
q
ty-il[
o
eGuidt
q
yHc
olq
\ u q
\hv
q
yH[y-i3°c;t\]vH[\h[y-i¬eTilt
q
yReGy7x¡u
q
yHcli
o
fHumilt q y q u q
\©
vH[g]ty-il[
o
eGumilt
q
yHc¢ti Y iY
[$tyCi olq
xHfHumilt
q y q 22 / >E
Fl
N xHk-y eG\htu[
q
f7ilt q y q iY
[ReTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
ycli
o
fHuidf
o
[]eTyHx]i
Y
[Rty-il[
o
eGuidt
q
yHc5HeGyHx
N \eTy eG=[\][y-i q
xHtcli
o
tHfHid[xNeGvHvHtu3eTilt
q
yHcŢti
Y
\h[u
Y
eGyHtcd\]c;i
Y
eTijeG
q ¢ vHeTu[\][myCi q
[y-©
iltilt[c5H\
q
yHti q=o
tyH
q
[g-[ufHidt
q
yHc5 [miluw¤
s [uilt q y H v o
[mcl[y-ilcRexHtcli
o
tHfHil[mx)eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
yhclu[my e o tq
fHcl[mx)eGc$e+il[cdil[x
qwo
i Y
[ReGy7wf eTw[
eTyHxi Y [ o
fHy-ilt\][=¤s-[muilt
q
yN| xH[cdu
o
t[c$i
Y
[Ru
q
yHu[mvHilc q i Y
[ReGyu
q
y- wf
o
eGidt
q
y]eTyHwf eTw[w¤
XY
[
o
fHy-©2ilt\][;[y--t olq
y7\][y-i
q=oq
f o \ q xH[mwtcv
o
[cl[myCid[xty$cl[uidt
q
y+«eGy7xRi Y [ o
[mclfHi q q f o
[g-v[
o
t\][myCi
tcxH[cdu
o
t[x®tyhcl[umilt q y M ¤
h¡+E] j m$m
XY
tc;cl[muilt
q
yx7[clu
o
t [cecdt\]vH[eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y$clu[ye o tq ¢ Y
tu
Y
tceGid[
o
fHcl[xi
q
tfHcdi
o
eTil[Vi
Y
[Vu3eTv e5©
Httilt[c q i Y
[Rv olq
v q
cd[xeGyH=f eG=[w¤
XY
tcjeTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y=y eG\h[x]¥
q-q
v s u3eGy
E
/FlHeGt\]ceTiv olq
-txHtyH
eclfHvHv qwo
i q=o
il[[u q y [ o
[yHumty7[i2¢V[[y®xHtcli
o
tHfHid[xN¢
qwo%)
[ o c5¢
YHq
ty-il[
o
eGuii YHodq
fH
Y
eGy)eTfHxHt
q
u Y
eTyHyH[jeTyHx c Y e o [xx
q
uf7\][y-ilc5¤Nºzu
q
\]v7[mil[xH[cdu
o
tvHidt
q y q i Y
[eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q y \e5k [
q
fHy7x
ty EIM
Fl¤)~
qwo
clt\hvHtumti2k
o
[3eGc
q
yHc5¢V[
q
yHk)x7[clu
o
t [Neclt\]vH[+clu[my e o tq o
[cli
o
tuid[xi q x q
ufH\][myCi
c Y e o ty7 ¤e
otq
fHc;i2k-v [c q x q
ufH\h[y-ilce
o
[je5weTteTH[i YHolq
fH
Y
eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yHc;tyHtilteGkjx7[cltwy7[x
qwo
cdty7w[©2fHcl[
o
fHc¬eTw[w7clfHu
Y
eTc! $~t +;\eGuc5#"
ot
-[iduw¤¥
q-q
v s-u5eGyv olq
-txH[c
fHyHuidt
q
yHcji
q
[y eTH[
(%$Rs=(L=ls+ty-il[
o
eGuidt
q
yHc 50(
Y
eGi$
q
f]s-[[;=2cA(
Y
eGi!= s-[[/7¤!=2iVeGc
q
eT
q
¢c;xHk-y eT\]tuVv e
o
iltutv eGidt q y
q u q y [ o
[[c$eGyHx\eGy eTw[c olq
[mcjeGyHxNeGumu[clc
o
t
Y
idc3¤
&
eGcdtu3eGkC=eRfHcd[
o
¢ttyH$i
q
[y-id[
o
e$u qCq
v [
o
eGidt
q
yeGfHyHu
Y
[mc£e
-0
Hi
Y
eGiVwt=[c
Y
t\zeTuu[cdc
i q iY [¡c
Y e o
[x)x
q
umfH\][y-idc3¤º
0
tcj\eGxH[
q
i2¢
q )
tyHxHc q
[y-iltidt[mc3§Vi Y [
0 0
i Y eGi
v[
o qwo
\hcjeGuidt
q
yHc
q
yi
Y
[«c Y e o
[xNx
q
uf7\][y-ilc5HeGyHxNe
! /%K!2* 0
iY
eGi\eGy eTw[cÅi Y [
u
q-q
v [
o
eGidt
q
y¤
6 0 e o
[$fHcdf eGk]
q
u3eGid[x
q
yhxHtcliltyHumiy
q
xH[c45u
¤ ~t ¤?^/7¤
XY
[u q-q
v[
o
eTilt
q
yh¢
q=o%)
ceGc
q
q
¢c3§eTy¦eTuilt
q
yv [ oqwo
\][x
q
y]e$x
q
ufH\h[y-i;CkeGy]eTvHvHtu3eGidt q y
tc
o
cdi$v eGcdcl[x
q
yNi q i Y
[+
q
u5eG
!2%B0/
7¢
Y
tu Y u Y
[u ) c t i Y
[eGuidt
q
yNtcReG
q
¢[mxi q i Y
[¡f7cl[
o ¤
= c q
i
Y
[]eGuidt
q
y®tcReTuilf eTku3e odo
t[x
q
f7i
q
y-i q i Y
[
q
u3eT fHcl[
o
tyCid[
o
eGu[]eTyHx)veGclcd[x
q
y)i q iY [
ÚòþÚÊ
Node 1
Application Controler
Owner : User
Node 1
Application Distant agent
Controler
Owner : User Local Agent
Local Agent
Distant agent
requirement
component provision
~twf o [ H
§;º u
q
\]\fHy7tu5eGilt
q
y+[gHeG\hvH[jty¥
q-q
vs-u3eGy
o
[\
q
il[
!G* 0 i Y
eTi¡eGc ) i Y
[t o u
qwolo
[clv
q
y7xHtyH eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y®ty7cli¬eTyHu[hi qNo
[vHe5k)i
Y
[eTuilt q y
tyi
Y
[)ceG\h[¢e5k-¤
XY
tc]tc Y7q
¢ (%$Rs=(L=lstch[yHclf
o
[x¤
<#qwo
[®xH[ieGtc
q
yi Y [
!2%B0/
°c
odq
[c+\e5k [
q
fHyHx ty
E Fl¤ºi¡ehyH[
o
[mw[2i Y [
!2* 0
tcR\eTxH[
q
i2¢
q u q
\]v
q
yH[y-idc3§¡e
B#/2
eTyHx]ecl[i
q >8 G#/2
¤
XY
[
olq
[
q i Y
[
/B.#/2
tc i qRo
[mu[tw[$eGuidt
q
yHc
odq
\
i Y [
q
u3eTeGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
yHc3i
q
weGtx eGid[¡i
Y
[\ eTyHx i q odq
eGx7u3eGcdi¦eTuilt
q
y7c
q
yCi q i Y [ o
[m\
q
id[]y
q
xH[mc3¤
XY
[
odq
[
q i Y [
>2#/2
tc$i qo
[um[tw[]eGumilt
q
yHc
odq
\ o
[\
q
il[ y q
xH[c¡eTyHx)i
q
eGc ) iY
[
q
u3eG
eTvHvHtu3eGidt q y q=o
i Y [mt
o q
u3eGÅ[g-[ufHidt
q
y¤
XY
[ o []tcRe
2#2
eTclc
q
umteTil[x ¢ti
Y
[3eTu
Y q iY [
o
[\
q
il[$fHcl[
o
c3¤~t ¤ H c
YHq
¢cje+u
q
\h\fHyHtu3eTilt
q
yv eGi
Y
[i2¢V[[y /
eGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
y]i q i Y [ o
[\
q
id[
eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yK5 Y [ o
[¡[
q
y7wtyH]i
q /
7¤$¥V[5e
o
k-Hi
Y
[¦eTuilt
q
yv[
o qwo
\][xN-k
tcjv eTclcl[mx q y
i q tilc
/ #2
eGyHxi
Y
[yh
olq
eGxHu3eTcliVi q i Y [ o
[\
q
il[jeTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yHc;-ki
Y
[¢e5k q
tilceTclc
q
uteTil[x
2#2
¤
XY
[¦eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yN¢eGcRtyHtilteTkxH[mw[
q
v[x
q
yjyHtgfHcltyHuf7cli
q
\©2\eTxH[Ru
q
eT
q=o
eGidtw[Rv odq
©
i q u q
c$HfHti
q
y®c q u )
[milc 5fHcl[x eTc$u
q
\h\fHyHtu3eGidt
q
y]i q-q
c 7¤=2i
Y
eGc$ [m[y
o
[[myHwtyH[[
o
[x fHcltyHhi Y [
eGyeGyH=f eG=[jxH[mclu
o
t[x®ty]i Y [ q
q
¢ty7Rcl[umilt
q
y¤
+ )]$R R; +]"]R"¡
ºyeTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y®¢
YHq
cd[u
q
y- =f
o
eTilt
q y tc+xH[cdu
o
t[x¢ti
Y
jeTy u3eTy []-t[¢[mxeTc¦e
Y
t[
o e ou Y k
q
tyCid[
o u q
yHyH[muil[x
G· ·;³9
¤A+ÅeGu
Y
[w[m
q i Y [ Y
t[
o e o u Y
ktcjecd[v e
o
eGid[¦eGyxH[mclu
o
tv7ilt q y
xH[
o
tw[x
odq
\
G· ·;³N0 5
¢ Y tu
Y
[yHu3eTvHclfHeTil[cu
q
\]v
q
yH[myCidcR©$ty
eTui¡u
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc3°
tyHcdi¬eGy7u[c© u
q
y-i¬eGtyH[mxtyhi
Y
[$yH[g-i[=[2¤
XY
[$[5e5w[c
q i Y [ Y
t[
o e o u Y
ke
o
[«u
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilcV¢ti Y y q
eGyhxH[clu
o
tvHilt
q
yH¢
Y
tu Y e o
[u3eG[x
; 0 ³G· ·³9
eGyHxh[yHu3eTvHclf7eTil[]°
o
[3eG2°=vHt[u[c q
c q i2¢e
o
[w-t
)
[j¥
q r
[uilc q=o
¥\
q
xHfH[c5¤
XY
[mk]e
o
[$xH[
o
tw[x
olq
\ze
; 07³¦T· ·;³
0 5
¤A( [ Y e5=[Rty-i
olq
xHf7u[xNi
Y
[¡u
q
yHu[mvHilc q
ueTclc«eTyHxNtyHcdi¬eGy7u[RtyNe
<q
xHfH[ =2y-il[
o u q
y7yH[uidt q y
þþ¯Ö!OPGØØdé
1
»eGyH=f eG=[]i
q
[\]v
Y
eGclt[hi
Y
[hxHtclidty7uilt
q y [i2¢V[[yi
Y
[f7yHti q o
[fHc¬eTHtti2k eGy7x [yHu5eGvHcdfHeGilt q y
5i Y [Ru
q
\]v
q
y7[y-iueTclc7eGyHxhi
Y [ [±ý[muiltw[ fHyHtityHclieGy-ilteGid[xeTi
o
fHyidt\h[45i Y [Ru
q
\]v
q
y7[y-i7¤
ºc ty q r
[ui q=o
t[y-il[mxv olq
o
eT\]\htÿyHVeGyH=f eG=[c3Gu
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc e
o
[xH[mclu
o
t[xhCk+eGy+ty-id[
o
eTu[jeGy7x
eTyt\hvH[\][y-ieGilt
q
y¤
5³- l G³H
XY
[ty-il[
o
eTu[
q
eu
q
\hv
q
yH[y-iumeTclc;u
q
yCieGtyHc;ty
q=o
\eTilt
q
yi
Y
eGi eT
q
¢cfHcltyHi
Y
[u
q
\]v
q
yH[myCi¢t¨©
i
YHq
fHi ) y q
¢[mxHw[
q
tilcÅt\hvH[\][myCieGidt
q
y¤2( [ Y
e5=[[g-il[yHx7[xi
Y
[fHcdf eGu
q
yHu[vHi q
eGyty-il[
o
eTu[w
eTcjxH[yH[x
qwo
[gHeT\]vH[$tyi
Y
[¡¥$`
& º = ¹
» -i
q
tyHufHxH[Ri
Y
[RxH[mclu
o
tv7ilt q y q
eG?i
Y
[Rv odq
v[
o
idt[mc
o
[-fHt
o
[x
olq
\e]u
q
\]v
q
y7[y-iji q ¢
qwo*)
v
olq
v [
o
kC¤+ºy ty-id[
o
eTu[+u
q
y-i¬eTtyHc
0 -
G"! 0
eTyHx ¤
!?³- 2G³H
e o[ fHyHumilt
q
yHc qwo
v
olq
u[mxHf
o
[mci
Y
eTiu5eGy[[g-[ufHid[x q=oo
[-fH[cdil[x-k¡eu
q
\hv
q
yH[y-i3¤
@
* /0 /0 -
e o
[£eT¢e5k-c
q
±?[
o
[x-kRi
Y
[t\]vH[\h[y-i¬eTilt q y q
eu
q
\]v
q
yH[y-i;ueGcdc ¢
Y
t[
*#"$
* /0 -
e o [$i
Y
[Rcl[
o
-tu[c$[g-v [muil[xi
q
[Ru3eG[xhCkhi
Y
[$t\]v7[m\][y-i¬eTilt
q y q i Y [ u q
\hv
q
yH[y-i
ueTclc3¤
%h·'&GH.·
e o
[+[w[myCidc$¢
YHq
cd[¡
odq
eTxHu3eGcdiltyHhu3eGy®i
o
t=w[
o iY
[+[g-[uf7ilt q y q o
[3eGumilt
q
yHc q y
cd[w[
o
eG u
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc3¤$º u q
\]v
q
yH[myCi¢
Y
tu YNo
[um[tw[c¡ey
q
idt¨ u3eGidt
q
yN\e5k
q
v7ilt
q
y eTk
o
[3eGumiRi
q
ti
-k][mgC[mufHiltyHeRu
q
x7[Rcl[-fH[myHu[+u3eG[xNe
³- G0·
¤
q idtÿu3eGidt
q
yHc¡e
o
[]y
q
iRyH[mu[clce
o
tk u q
yHy7[uil[mx i q e o [3eTuilt
q
y y q=o
tc¦e
o
[3eGumilt
q y yH[u[cdc¬e
o
tk
i o tw=[
o
[x ¢ Y [y ti
o
[u[mt=[c]ehy
q
idt¨ u3eGidt
q
y¤
XY
tcRtcRi
Y
[ty-i
o
tyHcdtuv olq
v [
o
i2k i Y
eTi¡x7tcdiltyH=fHtc
Y
[c
cd[
o
-tu[c
odq
\zy
q
ilt¨ u3eTilt
q
y7c3¤
+550;³H
e o
[Vi2kCv[x+we
o
teTH[c?¢
YHq
cl[VweGfH[c;e
o
[Vcl[mipeTityHcdi¬eGy-idteTilt
q
y$idt\h[ eGyHxRu5eGy+u
Y
eGyH=[
xHf
o
tyH[g-[uf7ilt
q
y¤
XY
[$weGfH[
q e wt=[yNeGili
o
tHfHid[$u3eGy[«t\hv q=o
il[mx
odq
\zi
Y
[$t\hvH[\][myCieGidt q y
q=o
cl[i
olq
\ q
fHidcltxH[$i
Y
[Ru
q
\hv
q
yH[y-i3¤
)(
0³ ³5H·
º u q
\hv
q
yH[y-iumeTclct\hvH[\][myCieGidt
q
y¡tc[ti Y [ o
\eGxH[
q e Y
t[
o e o u Y k q
*
cdfH-©2u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilc
*
q=oq
* o
[3eT
*
v7t[mu[c q c q
i2¢e
o
[w¤ ( [$i
Y
fHcxHtclidtyHwfHtc
Y
i2¢
q )
tyHx7c q u q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc3¤
º
; 0 ³]T· ·;³
ueGcdcjtci Y [ fHyHti
q
[myHu3eGv7clfHeGidt
q
yNeGyHx
o
[fHcd[
q
[g-tcdiltyHhu
q
xH[w¤
XY
[Vt\]vH[\h[y-i¬eTilt q y q
ev
o
t\]tiltw[;u
q
\]v
q
yH[myCi?umeTclc;tc;\eGx7[
q
vHt[u[mc q cq
i2¢e o [ 50¥®\
q
xHfH[c3
¥ ueGcdcl[c5¤G¤m¤%7hi
Y
eTit\hvH[\][myCiÅi
Y
[Rv olq
-txH[xcl[
o
-tum[c$xH[ue
o
[x®tyhi Y [ ty-id[
o
eTu[wfHcdty7i Y [
o
[-fHt
o
[xNcd[
o
-tu[c5¤
º
G· ·ý .3³G· ·;³
ueGcdc3Åtc+i
Y
[]\eTty)cdi
o
f7uilf
o
tyH i q-q
2¤ =2ilc+t\hvH[\][myCieGidt
q
ytc
\eGxH[
q +*
cdfH-©2u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilc
*
eTyHx¡ty-il[
o
eGumilt
q
yHc;[i2¢V[[yi
Y
[\)¤
*
s-f7-©Iu
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc
* e o
[tyHcdi¬eGy7u[c
q u q
\]v
q
y7[y-iueTclcl[mc«x7[clu
o
t [x[cl[¢
Y [ o
[w¤j¥
q
\]v e
o
[xhi
q
fHcdf eGv olq
o
eG\]\htÿyH$eGy7wf eTw[c5-i Y [
t\]v7[m\][y-i¬eTilt
q
y$xH[ì yH[c¢
Y
tu Yq
i Y [ o u q
\]v
q
yH[myCidc£e
o
[yH[[xH[mx#eTyHx YHq
¢i
Y
[kc YHq
fHxu
q
\]\fHy7tÿ©
u3eTil[$i q+o
[5eGt[ji
Y
[$ty-id[
o
eTu[
o
eTi Y [ o i Y
eGy YHq
¢i Y [
f7yHuilt
q
yHc q i Y
[$ty-il[
o
eGum[e
o
[i
q
[$xHt
o
[muilk
t\]v7[m\][y-il[mx¤
ÚòþÚÊ
UserSession CoopControler
SendOp RecOp
SharedApplication
Init
SendOp (in op encodedOp) RecOp (in op encodedOp) Init
SendOp RecOp
~twf
o
[|7§;º u
q
\hv
q
cltil[u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-i
s ilt
o[ [ olo
tyHNi q i Y
[¡id[[u q y [ o
[yHutyH eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
yý~t ¤|hc YHq
¢cRehu
q
\hv
q
yH[y-ijumeTclcRi
Y
eGi
u q
y-i¬eGtyHcje
!2% / ¢ Y
tu
Y
il[
o
c«eTuilt
q
yHcu
q
\htyHRtyeTyHx
q
fHi q iY [
D2* 0 0
eGy7x
i o
eGy7cl\]tidcRi
Y
[eG
q
¢[mx eGuidt
q
yHcRi
q
tilc
*
cdfHv[
o
©2u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-i
*
¤)`
q
fH
Y
kC?i
Y
tc¡umeTclc
o
[v
o
[cd[y-ilce
fHcd[
o
tye+u
q
eT
q=o
eGidtw[jcd[clcdt q y q iY
[¡eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
y¤
XY
[
YHqwo
t)
q
y-i¬eT?u
q
yHy7[uiltyHhty7[c
o
[v
o
[cd[y-i
u q yHyH[umi
qwo
c3?¢
Y
tu
Y e o[ xH[clu
o
t [mxNtyi
Y
[$yH[g-ijcd[uidt
q
y¤
¥ q yHyH[ui
qwo
c£e
o
[ji
Y
[fHyHtidc i
Y
eTi \][mxHteGil[Vi
Y
[ty-id[
o
eTuilt
q
y7c [mi2¢[[my]u
q
\]v
q
yH[y-idc3¤
XY
[k[cdi¬eG7tc
Y
i Y [ o fH[c+i
Y
eTiRx
o
t=[]u
q
\]v
q
yH[myCi ty-id[
o
eTuilt
q
y7c¡eGyHx clv[ut
k i Y [ o
[-fHt
o
[x v olq
i q u q
jeTi
o
f7yCidt\][
[=[2¤ `fH[ceGi+i
Y
[]u
q
yHyH[ui qwo
[mw[VtyHufHxH[w§hi
Y
[]ty-il[
o
eGu[u q y
q=o
\]ti2k
o
fH[c 5[=¤¤®v e
o
eG\][ì©
id[
o
i2k-v [mc¡u q y q=o
\]ti2k-
YHq
\ q
w[yH[mti2k q u q
y7yH[uidt
q
yHc3¤5¤¤ 7?i
Y
[v olq
iq u q
c fHcl[x
qwo
i Y
[+[±?[uidt=[
u q
\]\fHy7tu5eGilt
q y 50eTclk-yHu YHolq
y q
f7cCc5¤;clk-yHu YHodq
y q fHcu
q
\h\fHyHtu3eTilt
q
y5[w[myCi
olq
eTxHu3eTcliVCc5¤
o
[\
q
id[
v
odq
u[xHf
o
[ju3eTI¤¤¤ 7weTyHxRi
Y
[cdv [mut¨ u3eGidt q y q
eTyR[g-v [muil[xh [
Y
e5-t q=o
5clf7u
Y
eGc ecl[i q u q
yHcdi
o
eGty-ilc
[g-v
o
[clcdtyHf eTti2k q s [ o
-tu[
o
[-fHt
o
[\h[y-ilc>5[=¤¤
qwo
\fHilt\[x7teu
q
\]\fHy7tu5eGilt
q
y¡cdfHvHv qwo
i 7¤
XY
[«u
q
yHyH[mui q=o
xH[cdu
o
tvHidt
q
yNyH[m[xHcji
q
xH[ y7[w§
N i Y [
02q u q
yHyH[umi qwo
i
Y
eGi$xHtcdiltyHwf7tc
Y
[c$i Y7q
cl[f7cl[x
q=o
ty-il[
o u q
y7yH[uidt q y vHf
o v q
cl[]eGy7x
i
YHq
cl[Rf7cl[x
qwo
iY
[R\eGvHv7ty7
q i Y
[$ty-il[
o
eGu[$i
q
eGyt\]vH[\h[y-i¬eGidt
q
y
N i Y [+eG
q
¢[x
.* q iY
[Ru
q
\]\f7yHtu3eGidt
q
y
N i Y [+eG
q
¢[x
020 «q
iY
[$u
q
\h\fHyHtu3eGidt
q
yGeGy7x
N i Y [
2 "! 0q i Y
[R[g-v[uil[mx)[
Y
e5-t qwo
-i
Y
[$u
q
yHcli
o
eGty-ilc$eGyHxi
Y
[$v olq
i q u q
2¤
XY
[ju
q
yHu[vHi q
eu
q
yHy7[ui q=oY
eGceG
o
[3eGxHk+[[y]ty-i odq
xHfHu[xhtyi
Y
[tid[
o
eTilf
o
[w¤ =2y
E
}-Flwu
q
yHyH[mu©
i
qwo
ce
o
[clv[ut¨ [xhfHcltyHRe$cdfHHcd[i q i Y
[j¥s n v
odq
u[clcjeTw[
o
ei
q
xH[ue
o
[ji
Y
[[g-v[uil[mx[
Y
e5-t qwo
eTyHx)i
Y
[]eGcdc
q
uteGid[x u q yHcli
o
eGty-ilc5¤
XY
tc3 u q
\HtyH[mxN¢ti Y i Y
[tyHufHcdt q y q cq
\][+¥s
n
clv[ut¨ u3e9©
idt
q
yHcty]i
Y
[Rty-il[
o
eGu[
q u q
\]v
q
yH[y-idc3HeG
q
¢cVu
q
\hv eGidt7tti2k$u
Y
[u
)
ty7 [i2¢V[[y®u
q
yHyH[ui qwo
c«eGy7x
u q
\]v
q
yH[myCidci
q
[$v [ o qwo
\][x¤
XY
[jjeTyvHeGi
qwo
\ qwo y q
¢cdfHvHv qwo
idccd[w[
o
eG
)
tyHx q u q
yHyH[umi qwo
c3¤
XY
[t o o
f7[mc£e
o
[clidtw[
o k
cdt\hvH[jeGyHxhx q y q
iVkw[ity-il[m
o
eTil[u
q
yHcdi
o
eGty-iclv[ut¨ u3eTilt
q
yHc5¤ ¥Vf olo
[y-ilk--i Y [ o
[Rtcy
q
eGy7wf eTw[
qwo
q=o
\eGtcl\i
q
[mgCv
o
[cdc i YHq
cl[u
q
yHyH[umi qwo
cǻTi
Y
[k+e
o
[VHfHtx-©2tyRu
q
y7yH[ui qwo
cÅv olq
-txH[x+-kRi Y [ o
f7yCidt\][
þþ¯Ö!OPGØØdé
1
! "#
$&%'()*+,'+,-$/.0213)+45(6,77
.013)+48/6 77 9:*30;-<*304 =9,>>'?/@*+A<404 +,'B9C*6,'4+ .7%()+ $D0'(+ .@+ '0' 1E
$F0*3A<(0 $D0*A<(0 @6*36 .010*G(+ .@61<H<7<1I%
H*3+ 6 4(6 $I1J013)+48/6 77 9:*30;-<*304 =9,>>'?/@*+A<404 $I%'(3)K*3+ '+ -$/.013)+4L(6 77E
$F0*3A<(0 $D0*A<(0 $F0;-0' 1<6 77%*306,7<M04
HK*3+ 6,4(6 $I13NA 0' 1 9O'+1<P<(61<+ ' =QK>>'?*306,(1<+ '$ 6,$&%'()*+,'+,-$
0A 0' 1GH*+,6 4(6 $I1
(*30613<+,'R+P/6(+,.@+,'0'1
(*306130SI'8/+ 770(1<+ ' 9:*30;-<*304 9O@K*3+A<404 +P13)0:(+,770(1<+,'T13)0'
$F0*3A<(0 $D0*A<(0L+PU6 $&%'()*+,'+,-$/.0213)+45(6,77
(+ 770(213<+ ' +,'T13)<$G(+ .@+ '0' 1
~twf
o
[$ §ºjweTteTH[ju
q
yHyH[ui qwo
c q=o
ty-id[
o
©2u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-iVu
q
\h\fHyHtu3eGidt q y
VWXYWZ[ Z\]V^ _``ba` [cd[``e,WfZ]g
eZ\[c h_VK[
c[i j!ec[kd[ ZlmYoneZkWY[c_\e,WZ!p!q
YcW rel[ks[V [er[mYtneZkWY[c_\e,WZ#pq
uuu
eXY^ [ X[ Z\_\efWZ
\ v[wWZ\kxyeZ` \zwWWYwWZ\cW^[c#q
\ v[{ YY^|xyeZ` \zd v_c[l{ YY!^!q
}}
X_ YY!eZ~j`eZ~X[\ vW lV _^^
}}
VWZZ[V \W c
s[V [er[m Yx\W\ v[wWZ\
u
s[V [e r[mYq
\ v[wWZ\
u
d[ZlmY]xd[ ZlmYUq
}}
eZ\[c_V \efWZ
\ v[wWZ\
u
_jZ!Vv]x\ v[{ YY^
u Z!e \#q
\ v[wWZ\
u
d[ZlmY]x\ v[{ YY^
u
s[VK[e,r[mYGq
\ v[{ YY^
u
d[ZlmY]x\ v[wWZ\
u
s[VK[e,r[mYGq
q
~twf
o [ M § =2y-il[
o
eGuidt
q
yNeGyHx
<
eTvHvHtyH+[gHeG\]v7[
q
xH[ue
o
eGidt q y
cdfHvHv qwo
i+eGyHx e5weGteGH[$tyNi
Y
[]jeTyNeGyH=f eG=[w¤
XY
[ q
q
¢tyH+i¬eTH[ 5.~t¤ 7
o
t[
,
kxH[clu
o
t [mc
c q
\][$e5weGteGH[u
q
yHyH[umi qwo
c3¤
5³CGG0·
e o []i
Y
[[±ý[muiltw[u
q
\]\fHy7tu5eGilt
q
yHci
Y
eTi¡ie
)
[vHeGu[h [i2¢V[[yecl[mi q u q
\©
v q yH[myCidc3¤
XY
[k e o [ tcdclfH[mx
odq
\AHtyHxHtyH=cN [mi2¢[[my cdfH-©2u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilc®cl[
o
-tu[c qwo
y q idtÿu3e5©
idt
q
yHc
o
[3eTuilt
q
yHc3Gf7cltyHu
q
yHyH[ui qwo
c i
Y
eTi?xH[cdu
o
t[
YHq
¢)i
Y
[Vty-id[
o
eTuilt
q
y$c YHq
fHxR¢
qwo*)
¤ =2y-il[
o
eGuidt
q
yHc
\e5k«i
Y
fHc; [cd[[yeTc
* i Y
[ty7cli¬eTyHu[c
* q
eu
q
y7yH[ui qwo
tyej¢V[¨©Ix7[ yH[xu
q
y-il[g-i5wt2¤[w¤ty+ejcdv [mut¨ u
t\]v7[m\][y-i¬eTilt
q
y+¢ti
Y
tidcc q f o
u[mceTyHx]x7[clidtyeGilt
q
yHcjcdv [umtÿ[x¤
XY
[
i q i Y [¡ty-il[
o
eTu[Rtcji
Y
[Rv odq
um[clc q
HtyHxHtyHi
Y
[RtyCid[
o
eGu[
o
[-fHt
o
[\][y-idc«eGy7x
v
odq
-tcdt
q
yHc q i Y
[t\]v7[m\][y-i¬eTilt
q
y¤
* » tyH[c
* x o
e5¢y¡[i2¢V[[y]ecl[
o
-tu[©
qwo
y q ilt¨ u5eGilt
q
y
o
[3eGuidt q y
©ReGyHx eclf7-©Iu
q
\]v
q
y7[y-i3?\e5k[cl[m[y eTiR[g-[ufHidt
q y ilt\h[¡eGc¡e#u
q
\h\fHyHtu3eGidt
q
yty
)
[i2¢[m[y
i Y [[yHu
q
cltyHu
q
\hv
q
yH[y-iReGyHx®tilc$clf7-©Iu
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc3¤
XY
eGi$tc$¢
Y
kN¢[f7cl[u
q
yHyH[ui qwo
c Y [ o [eGc
¢V[2HeGcje+\][5eGyHc q
HfHtxHtyHRi Y7q
cl[ ty
)
c5¤
XY
[u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-i$xH[clu
o
t [mx ty ~t ¤|]\e5ky
q ¢ [u
q
\hvH[il[mx)-kNi
Y
[]xH[mclu
o
tv7ilt
q y q q i Y
i Y [$ty-id[
o
eTuilt
q
y7cjeGyHxhi
Y
[$\eTvHvHtyH$i q i Y
[«ty-il[
o
eTu[w¤ ~t ¤ M c
YHq
¢ci
Y
[$eTy]cdkCy-ieGg
q=o
i Y [$fHcl[
q u q
yHyH[mui q=o
c3¤
XY
[ ) [k-¢
q=o
x
m
tcVi
Y
[Rx7[ue
o
eGilt q y q
cdfH-©2u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilc5¤
ÚòþÚÊ
}
+p z
XY
[eTy u q y wf
o
eGidt
q y eGyH=f eG=[¡tcRv e
o i q e o
eG\][m¢
q=o%)
i Y eTiRv
odq
CtxH[mc¡i qCq
cRi
q
7fHtx eGy7x
\eGty-i¬eGtyxHtcdi
o
tHf7il[xNeGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
yHc3¤
XY
[ o eT\][¢
qwo*)
tcxHt-txH[xty-i
q
i2¢
q
u3eGid[
q=o
t[c q i
q-q
c3§
N B qwo
v
olq
o
eT\]\]t¨yH 5jtclf eT
n;odq
o
eG\h\]tyH4+pyC-t olq
yH\][myCieGy7xNu
q
\hvHt[
o
7VeGyHx\eGye5©
w[\h[y-i 5ºjxH\hty X;qCq
07weTyHx
N /
fHyHtidci
Y
eGi;e
o
[[ti Y [ o
=[yH[
o
tu>5
o
fHy-idt\h[;clfHvHv qwo
i7
qwo
eGCeTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yHc qwo
cdv [mut¨ u
5[g-[umfHi¬eTH[Rt\eG=[
q q
y7[eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y7m¤
=2yi Y [ o
[cli q i Y
tc$cd[uilt
q
y?¢V[
q
uf7c
q
y)i
Y
[+eTyHwfeGw[
eGuttilt[c$eGyHxNi Y [ o
fHy-ilt\h[RclfHv7v q=o
i
e ou Y til[umilf
o
[¡i
Y
eGi[yeGH[$i Y [ v
olq
xHfHumilt
q
yNeGy7xi
Y
[$\eTy eG=[\][y-i q
eTyeGv7vHtu5eGilt
q
y¤
&
fHtxHtyH]eGy)eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y]¢ti
Y
eTy
o
[-fHt
o
[mcj
o
cliRe+u
q
y- =f
o
eTilt
q
yNx7[clu
o
tvHilt
q
y[g-v
o
[cdcl[x ¢ti
Y
i Y [ eGyH=f eG=[v
o
[cd[y-il[x ty cl[uidt q y |H¤
XY
[)u
q
\]vHt[
o i Y
[yEv olq
xHfHum[c eTy[g-[uf7i¬eG7[ t\eGw[
i Y
eGiu3eTy ¢ qwo*) q
yi Y [ o
fHy-ilt\][NcdfHvHv qwo
i3¤ : q
¢[mw[
o
ji
Y
[)eTyHwf eTw[
q
yHk u3eTilu
Y
[ci
Y [ cdi¬eGidtu
eTclv[uilc q iY
[£eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
ym¢
Y
t[VeGyR[g-[umfHilt
q
y+tc
q
--t
q
fHclkxHk-y eG\htu=¤=2y i Y
[VclieGiltuVxH[cdu
o
tvHidt
q
y
u q
\]v
q
yH[myCidc¡e
o
[v
o
[mxH[ yH[mx ty-il[
o
eGuidt
q
yHc¡e
o
[cd[i¡f7v
q
yHu[
qwo
[=[
o
;[miluw¤¥V[3e
o
k-?i
Y
tcRtcRy q i
ceGiltc
eGui qwo
k][cdv [umteTk
qwo
i Y [«i2k-v[c
q
eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
y7c¢V[ReGt\zeGiu
q
yHcli
o
fHuidtyH ¤ XY
[ o
[$tcje yH[[x
i q eT
q ¢ xHk-y eT\]tu¡tyHcdi¬eTyCidteGilt
q y q u q
\]v
q
yH[y-idc3;i q u o
[3eGid[cd[ilc q u q
\]v
q
yH[myCidc¡eGy7x i q®Y
e5=[
xH[mclilty eTilt
q
y7c q
tyCid[
o
eTuilt
q
yHcjeGyHx\eGvHvHtyH$y eT\][xeGuu qwo
x7ty7i
q
xHk-y eT\]tuv olq
v [
o
ilt[c5¤¤
pm5 07·
tci
Y
[ReGui q
xH[cdu
o
tHtyHi
Y
[$cl[i q
cdfH-©2u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilctyeTy]t\]v7[m\][y-i¬eTilt
q
y¤
XY
[ o [e
o [ cl[=[
o
eT¢e5k-c q
ty7cli¬eTy-ilteGidty7¦e+u
q
\]v
q
yH[myCi5 eTuu qwo
xHtyHi q i Y
[Ridt\h[j¢
Y
[myNtic YHq
fHx
[R[±?[uidt=[ku
o
[3eTil[x®eGi
o
f7yNilt\][=¤
XY
[ ) [k-¢
q=o
x
mjo
[ [ o c«i
q
eRv
o
[xH[ì yH[x®tyHclieGyHu[ i Y eTitc
u o
[3eGid[x i q
=[i Y [ o
¢ti Y i Y
[[yHu
q
cdtyHu
q
\hv
q
yH[y-i3¤
X;q
[g-v
o
[cdc\
q=o
[RxHk-y eT\]tuc5ýe#u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-i
u3eTy [$v
o
[xH[ y7[xNty]i
Y
[jueTclct\]vH[\h[y-i¬eTilt
q
y¡7fHitceGuidf eGk+u
o
[3eTil[x®eGiVi
Y
[
o
clity-
q
u3eGidt q y
q q
yH[
q
tidccl[
o
-tum[c3¤
XY
tcVtci Y [
"!/C 0200
cdu
Y
[\][
q ¹ e o
¢ty¤
}}
eXY^ [ X[KZ\_\eWZ Wha` [cd[``e,W Z
\ v[wWZ\ x l$# ZkeZ` \wWWYwWZ\cW^ [c#q
=2y i Y [&%
6 0
u q
\]v
q
y7[y-i 5.~t¤|7m;i Y [
!2%B0/
tcRxHk-y eT\]tu3eTkhty7cli¬eTy-ilteGid[x eGc
i Y [ o[ tcy
q
yH[[x i
q
tyHcdi¬eTyCidteGil[tih [
qwo
[ i Y [®fHcl[
o
xH[utxH[mcNi
q
[y-il[
o i Y [ s-[cdclt
q
y¤ s q iY [
u q
\]v
q
yH[myCitcVu
o
[5eGil[mx)i
Y
[
o
cdijilt\h[je+cl[
o
Ctu[
q %
/ -0
tcjeGumiltweGid[x¤
'$· .³HG0·
e o [ty-i
odq
xHfHu[x+i q
eTuttieGid[
Y
eGyHxHtyH
q
\fHiltvH[u
q
\]v
q
y7[y-ilc q
eceG\h[ ueGcdc3¤
º¯u
q
[muilt
q y tc¦ecl[i q u q
\]v
q
yH[myCidc¡¢
Y7q
cl[y-fH\[
o
eGi+[g-[ufHidt
q
yilt\h[t[c+¢ti
Y
tye
o
eGyH=[
xH[ì yH[x-k¦e\]tyHt\¡f7\ eTyHx]e$\eTg-t\+fH\Eu3e
o
xHty eGti2k-¤ý¥
q
[muilt
q
y7ceG
q ¢ i Y
[[3eGcdk\eTyHtvHfHeGidt q y
q
e$cl[i q
[myCidtilt[cV¢
Y
tu
Y
u5eGy[
q
w[xHk-y eT\]tu3eTk$eGyHx]e
o
[«eTuu[cdcl[xi YHodq
fH
Y
e$cltyH=[ty-il[
o
eTu[w¤
}}
eXY^ [ X[KZ\_\eWZ Wha` [cd[``e,W Z
\ v[{ YY^ d[\ xzVW^^ [V \e,WfZ)(+*
uu Z,
Wh|d v_c[l{ YY!^!q
þþ¯Ö!OPGØØdé
^ 1
=2y q=o
xH[
o i q
eG
q ¢ \fHidtv7[VeGvHvHtu3eTilt
q
yHc;i
q
[¡°cY e o
[mx°wty]e$ceG\h[£s-[mclclt
q y 5[=¤¤ eGy ¡eGy7x
eTy +pxHti qwo
77¢[$
odq
fHvhi
Y
[m\ tyNe+u
q
[uidt
q
yeTcc YHq
¢yty]i
Y
[Rv
o
[-t
q
fHcjeGytyH[c3¤
ºcu
q
[uilt
q
yHce
o
[ji Y [ )
[k-cli
q
yH[
q
xHk-y eT\]tu tyHcdi¬eGy-idteTilt
q
yGi
Y
[$v
o
[xH[yH[xcl[
o
-tum[c
'«G³-H5³
eTyHx
³ 0³-5³
e o [Rv
odq
-tx7[xtyNeTyCkhu
q
[uidt
q
y¤=2yNeGxHx7tidt
q
yHe+cdv [umteT;u
q
yHy7[ui q=o
u3eGy
q
v[
o
eGil[eGc
e+u
o
[3eGi qwoq
e+y7[¢ u q
\]v
q
y7[y-i q e u q
[umilt
q
y[
qwo
[ReGuu[mclcltyHhi
Y [ clv[ut¨ [xNcd[
o
-tu[w¤
}}
eXY^ [ X[KZ\_\eWZ Wha` [cd[``e,W Z
}}
l[ h!eZ!e\ e,WZ Wh|\ v[yeZ\[c_V \!e,W Z`
\ v[wWZ\
u _KjZV v
x\ v[{ YY^ d[\
u
Z!e\
j`eZ~ V c[_\[
ZwW^^[VK\efWZUq
=2yi
Y
[Rt\]vH[\h[y-i¬eTilt q y q iY
[%
/ - 0
u q
\]v
q
yH[y-i5H¢
Y
[yi Y [
!2% /
eGc ) c q=o
iY [
eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
yNi
q
[eGfHyHu
Y
[mxi
Y
tc$u
q
yHy7[ui q=o
tyHx7fHu[cRi Y [ o
f7yCidt\][Ri q o
cdiRu
o
[3eGid[ehyH[¢ u q
\©
v q
yH[myCity]i
Y
[Ru
q
[uidt
q
yeTyHxi
Y
[my#eTuiltweTil[$i
Y
[ 20
cl[
o
Ctu[
q i Y
tcv e
o
idtumfHe o u q
\hv
q
yH[y-i3¤
XY
[RtyCi olq
xHfHumilt q y q u q
[muilt
q
y7c
o
eGtcd[c$yH[¢ tclcdfH[cju
q
yHu[
o
yHtyHi Y [
230#9 > 3 2/20
=2y)exHtcli
o
tHfHid[x)cdk-clil[m\)
q r
[uidcRe
o
[+w[myH[
o
eTkhy eG\h[x-ki
Y
[t ojq
r
[ui$txH[y-idtÿ[
o
50tx7¤
XY
tc
y eT\]tyH$clu
Y
[m\][jcd[[\hcc
q
\][
YHq
¢ o [cdi
o
tuidtw[ReGyHxhtyHu
q
\hv eGidtH[ ¢ti Y u q
[uilt
q
yHc3=¢
Y
[yi
Y
[jxH[cÁ©
idtyeGilt q y q
ehu
q
\]\fHyHtu3eTilt
q
yhtc¡ehv o t
qwo
t y q i ) y q
¢y¤
XY
[ o [ qwo
[w;¢V[fHcl[eGclc
q
uteGilt=[¡y eT\]tyH
eTuttidt[ci
q
cdv [umt
k]i
Y
[RxH[cdilty eGidt q y q
eGyty-il[
o
eGuidt
q
yK5 q=o
e \eGv7vHtyH.7m¤ºclc
q
uteTiltw[RyeG\]tyH tc
eTcl[x
q
yNi
Y
[[g-tcdil[y7u[]eGyHx®i Y [ o
fHy)idt\][RweTf7[
q
eTili
o
tHfHid[c3¤+ºj\
q
yHi
Y
[cd[]eGili
o
tHfHid[c3
q
y7[
u3eTy eT¢£e5k-cV yHx®efHyHt-fH[
q r
[ui$txH[y-idtÿ[
o
c
q
exHt
o
[ui$y eG\htyH¡tccliltv
q
cdcltH[w¤;:
q
¢V[w[
o
ty
i Y [Ru3eTcl[
q u q
[umilt
q
yHc5HtiVtc q
il[my\
qwo
[jfHcd[
fHi
q
xH[yH[Ri
Y
[«ty-il[
o
eGumilt
q
y°cxH[mclilty eTilt
q
y$5c7V¢ti
Y
i Y [ Y [v
q \ q=o
[j=[yH[
o
eG;eGyHxcl[m\eGy-idtu5eGk
o
tu Y [ o
eGili
o
tHfHid[c3¤
}}
eXY^ [ X[KZ\_\eWZ Wha` [cd[``e,W Z
}}
l[ h!eZ!e\ e,WZ WheZ\[c_V \e,WfZ`
}}
e\ v _``WVe_\e,r[yZ_ X!eZ~
\ v[wWZ\
u
d[KZls[ X!W \[mYnWfY[c_\ e,W Zc[ XW \[{ YY^
lp
x\ v[{ YY^ d[\
u
s[V [!er[m YUnWfY[c_\eWZ!p
v[c[y\ v[{ YY^ d[\
u
{YY!^
l|xbs[ XW \[{ YY^
l
j`eZ~bX[\ vW lw_^!q
s ilt
o [ [ odo
tyH i q i Y [ %
0
u q
\]v
q
y7[y-i3 i Y [
!2%B0/
¢ Y tu
Yo
[mu[tw[cNe
o
[\
q
id[
eTuilt
q
yK5
olq
\ eTy
q i Y [ o v q
cdcltHk
o
[\
q
il[
-
7 ) y q
¢cji q ¢ Y
eGi
)
tyHx q
eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
yhtic YHq
fHx
i o
eGy7cl\]tiRtiR7fHi¡y
q
iRi q ¢ Y
eTiRv e
o
iltuf7e o u q
\]v
q
y7[y-iRty i Y [hu
q
[uidt
q
y¤)~
qwo
i Y tc
o
[3eTc
q
y;i Y [
!2* 0
io
eGyHcd\]tilci
Y
[]eTuilt
q y i q i Y [
D2* 0 0
¢
YHq
cl[
eTili
o
tHfHid[+ ilcR¢ti
Y
i Y
[RtxH[y-ilti2k q i Y
[$i¬e
o
w[mijeGvHvHtu3eTilt q y q i Y
[¡eTuilt
q
y¤
XY
[ o
fHy-ilt\h[jclf7vHv q=o
itci Y [ q
fHyHx eTilt
q y q i Y [ o
eT\][¢
qwo*)
eGyHxi
Y
[$ eGcdtc
qwo
iY
[$[g-[ufHidt q y q
eu
q
\hv
q
yH[y-i2©2 eGcd[x)eTvHvHtu3eGidt
q
y¤!=2iv olq
-txH[c
eGumttilt[c
qwojY
eGyHxHtyH+u
q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilc5u
q
yHy7[ui q=o
c5
\eGy eTw[\h[y-i v
q
tumt[mc3-[iduw¤
XY
[mcl[
eTuttidt[ctyHumf7xH[w§
N ) y q
¢[xHw[
q iY
[¡eGvHv7tu3eTilt
q
ycdi
o
fHuilf
o
[eGyHxu
q
y- wf
o
eGidt
q
y-ty]id[
o
\hc q u q
\hv
q
yH[y-ilc5
N ` n
¥EeGy7x#eTclk-yHu YHodq
y q fHcxHtcli
o
tHfHid[xN[=[y-ilc
eTuttidt[mc3-yH[[mxH[x
q=o
u q y7yH[ui
qwo
c5
ÚòþÚÊ