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HAL Id: inria-00073307

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073307

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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Efficient Dense Matching for Textured Scenes Using Region Growing

Maxime Lhuillier

To cite this version:

Maxime Lhuillier. Efficient Dense Matching for Textured Scenes Using Region Growing. RR-3382,

INRIA. 1998. �inria-00073307�

(2)

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Efficient Dense Matching for Textured Scenes Using Region Growing

Maxime Lhuillier

N ˚ 3382

Mars 1998

TH ` EME 3

(3)
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Unit´e de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technopˆole de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS L ` ES NANCY

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex

Editeur ´

INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)

ISSN 0249-6399

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