HAL Id: inria-00073726
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073726
Submitted on 24 May 2006
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Efficient Message Logging for Uncoordinated Checkpointing Protocols
Achour Mostefaoui, Michel Raynal
To cite this version:
Achour Mostefaoui, Michel Raynal. Efficient Message Logging for Uncoordinated Checkpointing Pro- tocols. [Research Report] RR-2972, INRIA. 1996. �inria-00073726�
ISSN 0249-6399
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Efficient Message Logging
for Uncoordinated Checkpointing Protocols
Achour Mostefaoui , Michel Raynal
N ˚ 2972
Septembre 1996
TH `EME 1
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