• Aucun résultat trouvé

Visibility Masks for Solving Complex Radiosity Computations on Multiprocessors

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Visibility Masks for Solving Complex Radiosity Computations on Multiprocessors"

Copied!
26
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00073686

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073686

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub-

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,

Visibility Masks for Solving Complex Radiosity Computations on Multiprocessors

Bruno Arnaldi, Thierry Priol, Luc Renambot, Xavier Pueyo

To cite this version:

Bruno Arnaldi, Thierry Priol, Luc Renambot, Xavier Pueyo. Visibility Masks for Solving Complex Radiosity Computations on Multiprocessors. [Research Report] RR-3008, Inria. 1996. �inria-00073686�

(2)

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Visibility Masks for Solving Complex Radiosity Computations on Multiprocessors

Bruno Arnaldi, Thierry Priol, Luc Renambot, Xavier Pueyo

N ˚ 3008

Octobre 1996

TH `EMES 1 et 3

(3)
(4)

"$!%'&435 !.6 37 &89:;)<77=>

?0@BA7C7DFE@BC9GIHKJLNMO7P0Q7LSRT@B@VUXWY@BLZD2HKMO9[9A9\^]RTC9GI_a`9DbMOcdGTefLZRT@WYA7RTUgDFh

i;jgk

l ml nYoYl p<q=rts(ul nvlVwyxIz(l p;nv{Tn|p

k

l m8l nXr~}KTpvl €w‚ p|ƒ…„

j

„†m8ml‡Kmw‚

j

ƒˆIl†‰

ƒˆmwyŠ†l nB‰†‹Œ„†I;ull nV‰ „I2w‚ƒˆn|nw‚Œ l n

Ž

€v„Bl p‘;wy’In;l p<“Tƒ”wyml n

s<wy’I’„†€vp;‹Œl‘€|l 

j

l €|

j

l•–q—†—˜(rt™š p|„†›I€|loVœœ†5rtž†ž0’2wyŠ†l n

Ÿ! >¡¢B£‚¤2¥‚¢¦

}Kp

j

ƒˆn§’w‚’l €V‰Œ¨§lš’I€vl n|l Tp‘wYm8„T‹Iƒª©2l ‹«†l€vnvƒˆ„„‚¬7p

j

lš­®ª¯ˆ°±²³T´9²³µ³† „I l ’Ip;¨¶l<ƒˆTpv€|„‚‡

‹IxŒ l ‹ƒˆ·w+’I€vl«–ƒˆ„xInv¸ˆ{’IxŒ›I¸ˆƒ…n

j

l ‹0’2w‚’l €B¹ i;j

l§Š„–wy¸–„y¬2„†xŒ€¨¶„†€|ºƒˆnfp|„‘‹Œl nvƒˆŠ†wšnvp|€w‚p|l Š†{=pv„

j

w‚Œ‹I¸ˆl

«l €v{ „m’I¸ˆl zYn| l Il n0»”m8„†€vl¶p

j

w‚do;m8ƒ…¸ˆ¸ˆƒ¼„Y„‚¬g’2w‚p|

j

l n½¾¬S„€7€w‚‹Œƒ…„nvƒˆpK{0 „†m8’IxIpwypvƒˆ„†¹¿¶„m’2wy€vƒˆIŠ

p|„„†p

j

l €9€w‚‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒˆpK{w‚¸ˆŠ†„€vƒˆp

j

mnV‰B„xI€7nv„†¸ˆxIp|ƒˆ„†=¬S„T xInvln§„p

j

l<wy›Iƒˆ¸…ƒˆpK{Ypv„= „†m8’IxIpvl¶p

j

l;€w‚‹Œƒ…„nvƒˆpK{„

¸ˆ„TVw‚¸l T«Tƒ…€|„†Im8l Tpvnšƒ…ŒnvpvlBw‚‹d„y¬>n|„†¸ˆ«TƒˆIŠp

j

l=’I€v„›I¸ˆl mÀ¬S„†€šp

j

l=¨

j

„†¸ˆll T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml TpB¹§Á¶{(nv’I¸ˆƒˆpvp|ƒˆIŠ

p j

l’Œ€v„†›Œ¸…lm.ƒ…Tp|„nvxI›I’Œ€v„†›Œ¸…lmnV‰xIn|ƒˆIŠÂ§®ª¯ˆ°±²³fêÄB°Kł¯¼ÆK²BÇ Å·wyI‹d§®È®ªÉ®ª³®°ZÊË0²BÈ Ì ÈB‰2„xI€<p|l 

j

IƒˆÍTxIl0ƒ…n

wy›I¸ˆlpv„wy

j

ƒ…l«†l›l pvp|l €Y‹2w‚pw0¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{p

j

wyd„†p

j

l €<n|pwyI‹2w‚€|‹dnv„¸ˆxIpvƒˆ„†ŒnV¹ i;j

ƒ…nš’I€v„’2l€vpK{(ƒˆn<Vwy’Iƒˆpw‚¸

¨ j

lÎxIn|ƒˆIŠl ƒˆp

j

l€5w!m„T‹Il €|(nvl ÍTxIl Tp|ƒÏwy¸7 „†m8’IxIpvl€;pv„€|l ‹IxIl‹2w‚pw0m„‚«†lml Tp9ƒˆdp

j

lmlm„†€|{

j

ƒˆl €w‚€|

j

{„€§wYmxI¸ˆpvƒˆ’I€|„T l nvn|„†€|n9pv„0º†l l’w‚n¾¸…„‚¨Ðw‚n¶’2„nvn|ƒ…›Œ¸…l;„†mmxŒIƒˆVw‚p|ƒ…„Y›2l pK¨¶l l (’I€|„T l nvn|„†€|n

¨ j

wypvl «l €;p

j

l< „mmxIIƒˆVwypvƒˆ„‚’2wy€wy‹IƒˆŠ†mуˆnBÒfl ƒˆp

j

l €;mlnvnwyŠ†l;’2wynvn|ƒ…ŒŠ„†€¶n

j

wy€vl ‹8«†w‚€|ƒÏwy›I¸ˆl†¹}Kp j l

’2wy’2l€V‰¨§l0’I€vlnvl Tpw‚^ƒ…m8’I¸ˆl ml–pw‚p|ƒ¼„†8„‚¬;«Tƒ…n|ƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸…ƒˆpK{m(w‚nvºTnš„†Ów‹Œƒ…n|pv€|ƒ…›ŒxIpvl ‹Óm8l m„€v{’2wy€wy¸…¸ˆl ¸

 „m’IxŒpvl €»Ô}K–p|l ¸

Ž

wy€w‚Š„†8Õ

Ž9Ö

“I½ ¹

×8ØTÙڍÛÜ£†Ý7¡‚¦

€w‚‹Œƒ…„nvƒˆpK{T‰† „m’I¸ˆl z0‹2wypw‚›w‚nvlnV‰’2w‚€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸ˆƒˆnvmΉB‹2wypw0¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{T¹

ވßà

áãâKäVå

à

á¾æçˆâKèZé ê

ë§ìíVîï íBðñ‚ò–óªôVîBòvõ ðŒó…îöïí÷Vø õù úû‚òvîBòü|í2ý…þî

ÿ

í‚òöîû‚òK÷ í2ý! ñ"ý…öü

(5)

:;!%'&( )+*)<À/) 9/( 01) 93% :B) % 3&98:;)<77)Y39

Ø ¡ ØÓ¦

w‚Inš l·wy€vp|ƒ…¸…l‰2Œ„†xInš’I€Iul n|l Tpv„InxIIl0«†l€vnvƒˆ„dm„T‹Iƒª©<ul lY‹Ix4 „†Il ’IpY‹Il n0±†¯ˆÈ<­‚®ª¯

°±Bł³ÈÍTxIl(I„†xInwB«„†In=ƒ…Tp|€v„T‹IxIƒˆp0‹2w‚InxŒIl(’IxI›I¸ˆƒˆVw‚p|ƒˆ„†ӒI€Iul gul ‹Il–p|l†¹ l›IxŒp‹Il(I„†p|€vl(pv€wB«†w‚ƒˆ¸

l n|p‹Il0 „†Œ l «†„ƒˆ€‘xŒIln|pv€w‚pIulŠ†ƒˆl’„†xŒ€‘p|€wyƒ…p|l €Y‹Il nYnv

k

l Il n0pv€

k

l n „m’I¸ˆl zTl n0»”’I¸ˆxInš‹xIdmƒˆ¸ˆ¸ˆƒˆ„†‹Il

’„†¸ˆ{TŠ†„Il n½+’2w‚€šxIIl0mXul p

j

„T‹IlY‹Il0€w‚‹Œƒ…„nvƒˆpIu

Ž

w‚€<€w‚’I’„†€|p

k

w!‹µw‚xIp|€vl nYw‚¸ˆŠ†„€vƒˆp

j

m8l n¶‹Il€w‚‹Iƒˆ„nvƒˆpIul†‰

I„pv€|lnv„†¸ˆxIp|ƒˆ„†^’2„€vpvln|xI€¸”w8’2„nvn|ƒ…›Œƒ…¸ˆƒˆpIul0‹IlVwy¸ˆ xI¸ˆl €Y¸”w€w‚‹Iƒˆ„nvƒˆpIul0nvxI€=‹Il n0nv„†xŒnK‡Kl T«–ƒˆ€|„†IIlml Tpvn

l pYI„dnvxŒ€‘¸”w!nv

k

l Œl‹2w‚Inšnv„dl In|l m›I¸ˆl†¹

Ž

wy€Y¸Ïw0‹Œƒ…«Tƒˆnvƒˆ„‹Œxd’I€v„›I¸

k

l ml=l dnv„xInK‡K’I€|„†›I¸

k

l m8l nV‰l 

xIp|ƒˆ¸…ƒˆnw‚Tp§¸ˆl nšI„†p|ƒˆ„†In¶‹ˆÃªÄV°Kł¯ªÆN²BÇ Å¶®ª¯…°±Bł³µ³Ål p;‹Il8˲BȌ±VÅŧ®È®ªÉ®ª³®°Å†‰ŒI„†p|€vlYnv„¸…xŒpvƒˆ„†f‰T„†m’w‚€Iull

k

wY‹wyxIpv€|l n¶pvl 

j

IƒˆÍTxIl n¶ ¸”w‚n|nvƒˆÍTxIl nB‰–wy’I’2„€vp|l<xIIlšml ƒˆ¸ˆ¸ˆl xI€|l9¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸ˆƒˆpIul;‹Il n¾‹I„†I;ul l nV¹¶¶l pvp|l<’I€|„†’I€|ƒVul pIul

l n|plnvnvl–p|ƒˆl ¸ˆ¸…l(wB«†l ¸ l m8’I¸ˆ„†ƒf‹Œl n„†€|‹Iƒˆ2w‚p|l xI€|nnIul ÍTxIl Tpvƒˆl ¸ˆn0m„T‹Il €|Il n’„†xI€=€Iul ‹IxŒƒ…€|l¸ˆl nm„xI«†l1‡

m8l TpvnY‹Il0‹I„†I;ul l n0‹2w‚InY¸”w

j

ƒVul€w‚€|

j

ƒˆlmXul m8„†ƒˆ€vl†‰T„x΋w‚InxŒ΁ „Tpvl zTpvlmxŒ¸…p|ƒˆ’I€v„T l n|nvl xŒ€vn’„†xI€

m(w‚ƒˆTpvl Iƒˆ€9¸ˆl nš „†m8mxIIƒˆVwypvƒ¼„In7l Tpv€|l’I€v„T lnvnvlxI€vn

k

w0xŒŒƒ…«lVw‚x8¸ˆl‘’Œ¸…xŒn¶¬Nw‚ƒˆ›I¸ˆl<’„†n|nvƒˆ›I¸ˆl†‰ŒÍ–xŒl ¸ˆÍ–xŒl

n|„†ƒˆp7¸…l¾m„T‹

k

l ¸ˆl9‹Il¶ „mmxIIƒˆVwypvƒˆ„‚Ò ’2w‚€0ul 

j

wyIŠ†l¶‹Il¶ml n|nw‚Šl n7„†x’w‚€7«†w‚€|ƒÏwy›I¸ˆl nf’w‚€vpw‚Š9ul l nV¹!š„†xIn

’I€Iul nvl–p|„†In0‹2wyIn l p0w‚€vp|ƒˆ ¸ˆlxIŒlƒˆm’Œ¸Vulml Tpwypvƒˆ„†8‹Il nm(w‚n|͖xŒl nY‹Il«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpIuln|xI€xIŒlm(w‚

j

ƒˆIl

’2wy€wy¸…¸

k

l ¸ˆl

k

w=mXul m8„†ƒˆ€vl;‹Iƒˆn|pv€vƒˆ›Ix;ul l»”}KTpvl ¸

Ž

w‚€wyŠ†„Õ

Ž9Ö

“Œ½ ¹

" Ü¢¡1Ú1¥$#% Ø^¦

€w‚‹Iƒˆ„nvƒˆpIul†‰Tn|

k

l Iln‘„†m’Œ¸…lz–lnV‰T’2wy€w‚¸ˆ¸Bul ¸ˆƒˆnvm8l†‰‚¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpIulY‹Il n;‹Œ„†I;ull nV¹

(6)

q

< =

f9/43:¶ !

™š«†l€‘p

j

l’2wynvpšpvl d{lVw‚€|nV‰€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{

j

w‚n<›l  „mlYm„€vlw‚Œ‹m8„†€|l‘’„†’ŒxI¸”w‚€;nvƒˆIlp

j

ƒˆnšpvl 

j

IƒˆÍTxIl

ƒˆnw‚›I¸ˆlp|„’I€|„T‹IxI l€|lVw‚¸ˆƒˆnvp|ƒ…=ƒ…m(w‚Šl n;pwyº–ƒˆIŠƒˆTpv„(w‚ „†xITpw‚m›Iƒˆl Tp;¸ˆƒˆŠ

j

p;€vl?>2l  p|l ‹Ó›2lpK¨§l lӄ†›T‡

l pvnYƒˆdp

j

lnv lIl†¹Y“Tl «†l€w‚¸7¨¶„†€|º–n

j

wB«†l=›2l l΁Vwy€v€|ƒ…l‹d„†xIpšpv„ƒˆI €|lVw‚n|lp

j

l= „†€|€vl  p|Il n|n·wyI‹(p j l

l*@gl  p|ƒˆ«†l Ilnvn0„‚¬§p

j

lw‚¸ˆŠ„†€vƒˆp

j

mn¶pv„8nv„†¸ˆ«lp

j

l0€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{8’I€v„›I¸ˆl mι;¶„I l €|IƒˆIŠp

j

ln|’2ll ‹IƒˆIŠ‚‡KxI’

„y¬‘€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{Ów‚¸ˆŠ„†€vƒˆp

j

mnB‰f›„†p

j

nvl͖xŒl Tpvƒ”w‚¸<wyI‹F’2wy€wy¸…¸ˆl ¸¶nv„¸ˆxIpvƒˆ„†Œn

j

wB«l›l l ВI€|„†’„†nvl‹f¹ i;j

ƒ…n

ƒˆI ¸ˆxI‹Œl n;’I€v„Š†€|l nvn|ƒ…«lY€w‚‹Œƒ…„nvƒˆpK{T‰

j

ƒˆl €w‚€|

j

ƒ…Bw‚¸gnv„¸ˆxIpvƒˆ„†ŒnV‰Tƒˆm’„†€|pw‚Œ l;‹I€vƒˆ«l wyI‹( ¸ˆxInvp|l €vƒˆIŠ¹BA<T‡

¬S„€vp|xI2w‚p|l ¸ˆ{–‰‹Ilnv’Iƒˆpvl0TxIml€v„†xŒn;ƒ…m8’I€v„‚«l ml–p|nV‰T€w‚‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒˆpK{w‚¸ˆŠ„†€vƒˆp

j

mn¶Š†l Œl €wypvlw

j

xIŠ†l0TxIm›l €

„y¬ „m’IxIpw‚p|ƒ…„In9w‚I‹

j

wB«†lYw¸”wyº0„‚¬7‹2w‚pw¸ˆ„TVwy¸…ƒˆpK{T¹ i;j

ƒˆn§¸”w‚p|pvl €;‹Œ€wB¨;›2wyºm(w‚ºl n7p

j

lYl zTl  xŒpvƒˆ„†

„y¬€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{w‚¸ˆŠ„†€vƒˆp

j

mn7ƒˆIl*@gl  p|ƒ…«l„†8l ƒˆp

j

l€;xIIƒˆ’I€v„T lnvnv„€;„†€;mxI¸ˆp|ƒ…’Œ€v„T l n|nv„†€|n§„†m’ŒxIpvl €|n§¨;ƒˆp

j

w! „†m8’I¸ˆl zm8l m„€v{

j

ƒˆl €wy€v

j

{Îw‚nšnv„T„†Îwyn<p

j

l’I€|„†›I¸ˆl m.n|ƒCl»Ôp

j

l0TxIm›2l€;„‚¬9’2w‚p|

j

l n½šƒˆn

j

xIŠl†¹

i;j

ƒˆn7’I€|„†›I¸ˆl m ¨ wynfI„pn|„Ynvl In|ƒˆpvƒˆ«†l;¨;ƒˆp

j

„†p

j

l €9€vlI‹Il €|ƒ…ŒŠ5wy¸ˆŠ†„†€|ƒˆp

j

m8ngnvxI

j

w‚n7n|Vw‚T‡K¸ˆƒˆIl†‰DŒ‡K›Ix3@gl €

„€‘€wB{‡Np|€w‚ƒ…ŒŠ2¹5EŒ„†€šp

j

lmΉgw8‹2w‚pw¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{(’I€v„’2l €|pK{Îlz–ƒˆn|pvnw‚I‹^mwyº†l nšp

j

l0l zTl  xŒpvƒˆ„†ӄy¬§nvxI

j

wy¸…Š„†€|ƒ…p

j

mn¾€vl ¸”w‚p|ƒˆ«†l ¸ˆ{l*@gl  p|ƒ…«l›T{xIn|ƒˆIŠp

j

lYm8l m„€v{

j

ƒˆl €wy€v

j

{’I€|„†’l €v¸ˆ{T¹

i

„ƒˆ¸ˆ¸ˆxInvp|€wypvl;p

j

ƒ…nB‰T¸ˆl p n9pw‚º†lšp

j

lY€wB{†‡Kpv€w‚ ƒˆIŠ0w‚¸ˆŠ†„€vƒˆp

j

m^¹ i;j

l< „m’IxŒpw‚p|ƒˆ„†0„‚¬fpK¨¶„Il ƒˆŠ

j

›„‚‡

€|ƒ…ŒŠ’Œƒ…zTl ¸ˆnY¨;ƒˆ¸ˆ¸

j

wB«l·w8Š†€|lVw‚pY’I€|„†›2wy›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒ…pK{8pv„(Š†lIl €wypvl8€v„†xŒŠ

j

¸ˆ{(p

j

l0nwyml0‹2w‚pwwy  l n|n’2wypvp|l €v

n|ƒ…Œ l€wB{Tn;¨;ƒˆ¸ˆ¸g’I€v„›2w‚›Œ¸…{›lVwynvp;ƒˆ(p

j

lYnw‚mlY‹Iƒˆ€|l  pvƒˆ„f¹9™š w0xŒIƒˆ’I€v„T l n|nv„€V‰p

j

l= „†m8’IxIpwypvƒˆ„†

„y¬>p

j

ln|l  „†Œ‹Î’IƒˆzTl ¸¨;ƒ…¸ˆ¸gp

j

xŒn<xIn|lm„nvp;„‚¬9p

j

l‹2wypw0¸ˆ„TVw‚p|l ‹dƒˆ(Vw‚

j

l‹ŒxIlpv„8p

j

l= „†m8’IxIpwypvƒˆ„†

„y¬p

j

lY©2€vn|p;’IƒˆzTl ¸K¹FEŒ„†€¶mxI¸ˆpvƒˆ’I€|„–l nvn|„†€vnB‰Tp

j

l=nw‚m8l;’I€v„’2l€vpK{(Vw‚8›2l=xInvl ‹(p|„º†l l ’(¸ˆ„‚¨Ðp

j

l=–xŒm‡

›l €0„‚¬;‹2w‚pwdw‚ l nvn|l npv„(p

j

ln

j

w‚€vl‹Óml m8„†€v{Ó»Ôl ƒˆp

j

l €=€vlVwy¸§„€«Tƒ…€|pvx2wy¸”½ ¹ i;j

ƒˆn

j

wyn›2ll F ¸ˆlVwy€v¸ˆ{

‹Ilm„†Œnvpv€w‚p|l ‹(›–{8p

j

lY¨¶„†€|º„‚¬GY€vll dl p<wy¸N¹Hˆo†oI„€§Á;w‚‹Œ„†xIl ¸l p‘wy¸K¹Hµž?Iv¹

“ ƒ…Œ lYp

j

lƒˆTpv€|„T‹IxI p|ƒ…„d„‚¬7p

j

l=€w‚‹Œƒ…„nvƒˆpK{T‰Iw0¸…„p;„‚¬7¨§„€vºTn

j

wB«lY›2l ldVw‚€|€vƒˆl ‹d„xIp<p|„‹Il  €|lVw‚n|l

p j

l„†m’ŒxIpwypvƒˆ„†(pvƒˆm8l‘lƒ…p

j

l €›T{(„†’ŒpvƒˆmƒC ƒˆIŠ0p

j

lw‚¸ˆŠ„†€vƒˆp

j

m›T{d€vl‹IxI ƒˆIŠ(p

j

lTxIm›l €;„‚¬¶ „†m!‡

’IxŒpw‚p|ƒˆ„†In;„€§›T{xIn|ƒ…ŒŠ

j

ƒˆŠ

j

’l €K¬S„€vm(w‚I lY „m’IxŒpvl €|n§n|xI

j

w‚n¶p

j

„nvlYp

j

w‚p

j

wB«l<nvl«†l €w‚¸f‹Œ„C l („y¬

’I€|„T l nvn|„†€|nV¹&Jš„‚¨§l «l €V‰ ¬Sl ¨ „‚¬7p

j

l n|lnv„¸ˆxIpvƒˆ„†Œn;‹IlVw‚¸ˆp¶¨;ƒˆp j p j

l=ƒ…m8’I€v„‚«l ml Tp9„y¬‹2wypw0¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{–¹ }K

Hµž†˜T‰gž$KI‰7o*Iv‰nvl «l €wy¸9ƒˆ‹IlVwyn

j

wB«l›l l ^’I€v„’2„nvl ‹Óp|„‹IlBw‚¸7¨;ƒˆp

j

 „†m8’I¸ˆl zl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml TpB¹ i;j

l{ wy€vl

m8„†nvp|¸ˆ{›2wynvl ‹(„ML9®­‚®†Å‘²Ä /N7OIÄ Œ±Vł¯7nvp|€wypvl Šƒ…lnVÒ9p

j

l<„†m’Œ¸…lzl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp9ƒˆn¶nvxI›‹Iƒˆ«Tƒˆ‹Il ‹(ƒˆ–p|„

n|l «†l €w‚¸7¸ˆ„TVw‚¸gl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|n§¨

j

l€vlp

j

l€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{„†m’ŒxIpwypvƒˆ„†ƒˆn;w‚’I’I¸ˆƒˆl ‹f¹

}KÐp

j

ƒˆn’2wy’2l €B‰<¨¶ld’I€|„†’„†n|l wy Œl ¨.ƒˆm’I€|„‚«†l m8l Tppv„ap

j

l^«Tƒ…€|pvx2wy¸;¨ wy¸ˆ¸< „I l ’Ip(¨¶l

j

wB«l

wy¸…€|lVw‚‹Œ{Ӄ…Tp|€v„T‹IxI l‹Fnv„ml{lVw‚€|n·wyŠ†„PHˆoQIv¹ i;j

ƒˆnƒˆm8’I€v„‚«l ml Tpš‹IlVw‚¸ˆn0¨;ƒˆp j pj

ll Il€vŠ†{apv€w‚Inã¬Sl €

›l pK¨¶l l ÓpK¨¶„¸…„TVwy¸fl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|nV¹SRÓlƒˆTpv€v„T‹IxŒ lwŒl ¨ ml 

j

wyIƒˆnvmÀ¨§l=Vw‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ‹PTUV8UXW.UYUXZ\[^]`_V8a

¨ j

ƒˆ

j

w‚ƒˆm8nw‚p7€|l ’I€vlnvl TpvƒˆIŠp

j

lS>2„‚¨a„‚¬gl Il €|Š†{p

j

w‚p7ƒˆn9l zT

j

w‚IŠl ‹›l pK¨§ll ¸ˆ„TVw‚¸Œl T«–ƒˆ€|„†Im8l TpvnV¹

i;j

l§’2wy’2l€ƒˆn7„†€|Š–wyIƒC l ‹wynf¬Z„†¸ˆ¸ˆ„‚¨;nV¹7Eƒ…€|nvpB‰‚nvl pvƒˆ„†ž+‹Il nv€vƒˆ›2ln§n|„†ml¾„†p

j

l €7¨§„€vºTn7¨

j

ƒˆ

j

nvl l m

n|ƒ…m8ƒˆ¸Ïwy€9pv„0„†xŒ€;pvl 

j

IƒˆÍTxIl†¹¶“Tl  p|ƒˆ„†Îq=’I€vlnvl TpvnYp

j

lY«–ƒˆ€|pvx2wy¸gƒ…Tp|l €K¬Nwy l „I l ’Œp<¨;ƒˆp j pj

l^TUV8UXW.UYUXZ\[

]`_V8a3VB¹X“Tl  p|ƒ…„cbӊ†ƒˆ«†l nw^’2wy€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸<wy¸…Š„†€|ƒ…p

j

m¨§l(‹IlnvƒˆŠ†Il‹Xmwyƒ…Œ¸…{ ¬S„†€‹Iƒˆn|pv€vƒˆ›IxŒpvl ‹Ðmlm„†€|{

’2wy€wy¸…¸ˆl ¸¾ „†m8’IxIpvl€vnV¹(“Tl pvƒˆ„†PK(’Œ€v„‚«Tƒˆ‹Il nn|„†ml0’l €K¬S„€vm(w‚I l0mlBw‚nvxŒ€vl m8l TpvnV¹(¶„†Œ ¸ˆxInvƒˆ„†Ów‚Œ‹

’l €vn|’2l pvƒˆ«†lnw‚€|l‘’Œ€vl n|l Tpvl ‹^ƒˆn|l  p|ƒ…„dI¹

(7)

b

,.)< Y7)</=

n¨§l0nvpw‚p|l ‹f‰p

j

lpw‚€vŠl p„y¬§„†xI€Y¨¶„†€|ºdƒˆn‘p|„(’I€v„’2„nvlw‚^l ƒˆl TpY€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{^w‚¸ˆŠ†„€vƒˆp

j

m.w‚›Œ¸…l0pv„

‹IlBw‚¸¨;ƒ…p

j

«†l €|{„†m’Œ¸…lznv lIl nV¹ i;j

ƒˆn9Š†„Tw‚¸Iƒˆn§wy

j

ƒˆl «†l ‹›T{0mlVwyIn7„‚¬wšpvl

j

IƒˆÍ–xŒl<¨

j

ƒˆ

j

l zT’I¸ˆ„†ƒˆpvn

‹2wypw!¸…„TVwy¸ˆƒ…pK{T¹ i;j

ƒˆn<p|l 

j

IƒˆÍTxIl0Vw‚d›l’I€|„Vl pvl ‹^„†Tpv„8›2„p

j

nvl͖xŒl Tpvƒ”w‚¸9w‚Œ‹d’2w‚€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸gmwy

j

ƒˆIl nV¹

“T„4¨§l0¨;ƒˆ¸…¸9wy2w‚¸ˆ{Tnvl0’I€vl«–ƒˆ„xIn¨¶„†€vº ¬S€v„m.pK¨§„(’„†ƒˆTpvn„y¬§«Tƒ…l¨ÒY’2w‚€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸7nv„†¸ˆxIp|ƒˆ„†Inw‚Œ‹f‰gmwyƒˆI¸ˆ{–‰

¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{l 

j

w‚I lml TpV¹

TxIm›2l€„‚¬’2wy€wy¸…¸ˆl ¸Yn|„†¸ˆxIpvƒˆ„In

j

wB«†l^›l l  ’I€v„’2„nvl ‹ xInvƒˆIŠa‹Iƒ\@¿l€vl TpÎwy€v

j

ƒˆpvl pvxI€|l nÎw‚Œ‹

‹Iƒ\@gl €vl–pšpK{T’2l nš„‚¬7’2w‚€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸ˆƒ…n|ƒˆIŠnvp|€wypvl Šƒ…lnV¹¶}K H…oBq;Iv‰7HbIv‰7HˆoV—;If‹Œƒ…n| xIn|nvƒˆ„†InYw‚€|l’I€vlnvl Tpvl‹În

j

„‚¨;ƒˆIŠ

p j

l’2„nvn|ƒ…›Œ¸…lwy’I’I€|„–w‚

j

lnY¬S„†€Y’2wy€wy¸…¸ˆl ¸ˆƒˆnvƒˆIŠ€w‚‹Iƒˆ„nvƒˆpK{dw‚pYnvl «l €wy¸§¸ˆl «l ¸ˆnV¹ EŒ€v„†m.p

j

lnv„†’l„‚¬¶p j l

¨¶„†€|º ’Œ€vl n|l Tpvl ‹

j

l€vl†‰š¨§l4mwB{ӋIƒˆnvp|ƒˆIŠ†xIƒˆn

j

›l pK¨¶l l  pK¨§„aºTƒ…Œ‹In„‚¬nv„¸ˆxIpvƒˆ„†¹

©2€vn|p8¬Nw‚m8ƒ…¸ˆ{

„y¬·w‚¸ˆŠ†„€vƒˆp

j

mnw‚¸ˆ¸ˆ„‚¨;np

j

lFw‚  lnvnd„y¬·w‚¸ˆ¸Yp

j

l^’I€|„–l nvn|„†€vn^pv„Ðp

j

lÎl–p|ƒˆ€vl^‹2w‚pw‚›2wynvl†¹ i;j

ƒˆnm(wB{

›ld’I€|„†’Iƒˆpvƒ”wypvl ‹Ð›T{Fn

j

w‚€|l ‹ m8l m„€v{^nv{Tnvp|l mn„€›T{F‹Iƒˆnvp|€vƒˆ›IxIp|l ‹Xm8l m„€v{^nv{Tnvp|l mn8¨

j

l €vl4p j l

‹2wypwy›2w‚n|lƒˆn‹ŒxI’I¸ˆƒˆVw‚p|l ‹ wyplVwy

j

¸ˆ„TVw‚¸¶ml m8„†€|{ Hµq Iã‰SHˆoV;Iv‰&HˆoK;Iv¹^}KÓp

j

l(€|lVw‚€0Vw‚n|l†‰¶nv lIl nnvƒC l

ƒˆn«†l€v{F¸ˆƒˆmƒˆp|l ‹f¹ i;j

l(nvl „†I‹Ð¬Kw‚mƒˆ¸ˆ{d„y¬5w‚¸ˆŠ„†€vƒˆp

j

mnYƒˆn „†Œnvpvƒˆp|xIpvl ‹ ›–{Óp

j

l(pvl 

j

Œƒ…ÍTxIln›2wynvl ‹

„‹Œƒ…n|pv€|ƒ…›ŒxIpvl ‹(m8l m„€v{n|{–n|pvl m8n;¨

j

l €|lp

j

lY‹2wypwy›2w‚n|l‘ƒˆn¶‹Iƒˆnvp|€vƒˆ›IxIp|l ‹dw‚m„IŠp

j

lY‹Iƒ\@¿l €|l Tp<¸ˆ„TVw‚¸

m8l m„€vƒˆl n‘wy¸ˆ¸…„‚¨;ƒˆIŠ8p

j

lwy’I’I¸ˆƒˆVw‚p|ƒˆ„†d„y¬ p j

lwy¸…Š„†€|ƒ…p

j

m.pv„(›IƒˆŠŠ†l €n| l Iln HT‰¾oVžI‰ž†T‰7T‰žT‰fž†q Iã¹

“T„¸ˆxIpvƒˆ„†Œn§›2wynvl ‹4„†(‹Iƒˆnvp|€vƒˆ›IxIp|ƒ…ŒŠp

j

lYl T«–ƒˆ€|„†Im8l Tp wym„†ŒŠp

j

lY¸ˆ„TVw‚¸gm8l m„€vƒˆl n§wy€vlY„‚¬Zpvl (›2wynvl ‹

„ wy(l zT’I¸ˆƒ…ƒ…p;„€<ƒˆm’Œ¸…ƒˆ ƒˆp7nvxŒ›2‹Iƒˆ«Tƒˆnvƒˆ„†(„y¬>p

j

lYl T«Tƒ…€|„†Im8l Tp;ƒˆ„†€|‹Il €špv„Bw‚’Iƒˆpwy¸ˆƒCl‘„dw‚T{pK{T’2l

„y¬§‹2w‚pw¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{pv„8€vl ‹ŒxI lp

j

ll zT

j

wyIŠ†l„y¬§ƒˆT¬S„€vmwypvƒˆ„†›l pK¨¶l l ӒI€|„T l nvn|„†€|nV¹

i

„p

j

l·wyxIp

j

„†€vn

ºTI„‚¨;¸ˆl ‹IŠl†‰¶I„†Œl„y¬p

j

l n|lÎm8l p

j

„–‹Œnl zT’I¸ˆ„ƒ…p|n‹2w‚pw^¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{Λ2wynvl ‹ „†Л2„p

j

Ò4mƒˆIƒˆmƒ¼n|ƒˆIŠ(p j l

wym„†xŒ–p7„y¬¿ƒˆT¬S„€vm(w‚pvƒˆ„pv€w‚In|mƒˆpvl ‹0›l pK¨§ll (’I€v„T l n|nv„€vn‘wyI‹pwyºTƒ…ŒŠ5wy‹I«†w‚Tpw‚Š†l¶„‚¬fp

j

l<«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpK{

ƒˆT¬S„€vm(w‚pvƒˆ„ƒˆm’Œ¸…ƒˆ ƒˆp9ƒˆ8p

j

lYl T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml Tp n¶‹Il  „m’„†n|ƒ…p|ƒˆ„†f¹

i;j

lƒ…‹ŒlVw(„‚¬; „Invƒˆ‹Il €|ƒˆIŠÎn|xI›T‡Kl T«Tƒ…€|„†Im8l Tpvn»”„€¸ˆ„TVwy¸9l T«Tƒ…€|„†Im8l Tpvn½

j

w‚n›l l ÐxIn|l ‹Ó¬S€|„†m

‹Iƒ\@gl €vl–p0’„†ƒˆTpvnY„‚¬<«Tƒˆl ¨‰gƒˆ^„†€v‹Œl €p|„(€vl ‹IxŒ l „m’IxŒpw‚p|ƒˆ„†2wy¸„†nvp=ƒ…^€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{^w‚¸ˆŠ†„€vƒˆp

j

m8n¶¬S„†€

 „m’I¸ˆl z(l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|nV¹ i;j

l=©2€vn|pY „†Tpv€|ƒˆ›IxIpvƒˆ„΃ˆdp

j

ƒˆn‘‹Œƒ…€|l  p|ƒ…„d¨;w‚nY’I€v„’2„nvl ‹ÓƒˆPHµž˜;Iã¹ i;j

ƒ…n

m8l p

j

„T‹d‹Œƒ…«Tƒˆ‹Il n;l–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–p;ƒˆTpv„8¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸fl–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–p|n<w‚I‹4 „†m8’IxIpvln;¬S„€vm‡Z¬Nwy pv„€vn¶ƒ…4lVw‚

j

„y¬

p j l mι

¬Spvl€v¨;w‚€v‹ŒnV‰¾¬S„†€|m‡Z¬Nw‚pv„†€|n›l pK¨¶l l X’w‚pv

j

lnƒˆÐIl ƒˆŠ

j

›„†xI€|ƒ…ŒŠÎ¸ˆ„TVw‚¸;l–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–p|n·wy€vl

 „m’IxŒpvl ‹8¬S€|„†m’I€|l «Tƒˆ„†xIn|¸…{8 „†m8’IxIp|l ‹(¸…„TVwy¸¬S„†€|m‡Z¬Nw‚pv„†€|nV¹7“Tƒˆmƒˆ¸”w‚€9w‚’Œ’I€v„Tw‚

j

l nš¨§l €|l’I€|l nvl Tp|l ‹

ƒˆ HµžK;Ifw‚I‹/Hˆo*Iv¹7Il €|Š†{0ƒ…n¶w‚  xŒmxI¸”w‚pvl‹·wyp9p

j

lš›2„xII‹2wy€vƒˆl n¶„‚¬gIl ƒˆŠ

j

›„†xI€|ƒˆIŠY¸…„TVwy¸2l–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–p|n

»ÔVw‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ‹Ó«Tƒˆ€vpvxw‚¸9¨;w‚¸ˆ¸ˆn½šw‚I‹Fw¬Spvl €|¨ wy€v‹In=pv€wyInK¬Zl €vl ‹¹}KIn|pvlVwy‹F„y¬ ‹Iƒˆ«Tƒˆ‹IƒˆIŠp

j

ll T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml TpYƒˆ–p|„

n|mw‚¸ˆ¸ˆl €¶„†IlnV‰BHˆobIf’I€|„†’„†nvln‘p|„Š†€|„†xI’(Il ƒˆŠ

j

›„†xŒ€vƒˆIŠ’2wypv

j

l nB¹ i;j

l nvl0Š†€|„†xI’In;€|l  l ƒˆ«l·wyI‹(n

j

„T„†p

l Œl €vŠ{ wyn;„†IlYn|ƒ…ŒŠ†¸ˆlYl TpvƒˆpK{–¹RÓlYmwB{0Vw‚¸ˆ¸gp

j

l mÀ«–ƒˆ€|pvx2wy¸gnvxI€ã¬Nw‚ lnV¹

G5€v„†xŒ’Inf„y¬ n|xI€K¬Kw‚ l n¶w‚€vl¾xInvl ‹0ƒˆ„†€|‹Il €pv„<n|ƒˆm’I¸ˆƒª¬S{;l Il€vŠ†{Yl zT

j

wyIŠ†l¶ƒˆ „†m8’I¸ˆl z<l–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–p|n

›T{m8lVw‚In7„y¬2nvƒˆm’Œ¸…ƒª¬S{TƒˆIŠ¶p

j

l;Šl „†m8l pv€|{Y„‚¬gp

j

l¶l T«Tƒ…€|„†Im8l Tp7ƒ…0w‘q‡

Š†€v„xI’IƒˆIŠYw‚’I’I€|„–wy

j

ƒˆ HˆoBœ;Iã‰

Hµž†—;Iv‰BHµž†ž;I§w‚Œ‹ HµžIoQIv¹RÓlxII‹Œl €vn|pw‚Œ‹Ó›–{dq‡

Š†€v„xI’IƒˆIŠ‰2p

j

l=¬Nw‚ pšp

j

wypYp

j

l n|lml p

j

„T‹In<‹Œl©2IlqB‡

 ¸ˆxIn|pvl €|nλԄ†€0›2„‚zTl n½0ƒ…ŒnvpvlBw‚‹F„y¬‘Š€v„†xŒ’In„y¬‘’2wypv

j

l n¨;ƒˆp

j

nvƒˆm8ƒ…¸”wy€‘„€vƒˆl Tpwypvƒˆ„†Fwynƒˆa‹I„†Il8ƒˆ

HˆobIv¹ i;j

l  l Il€vŠ†{Ðl zT

j

wyIŠ†l^pwyº†l n8’I¸”w‚ ld›l pK¨¶l l   ¸ˆxInvp|l €vnB¹ i;j

lÎw‚¸ˆŠ†„€vƒˆp

j

mnm(wB{ӄ†€m(wB{

I„p;ƒˆI ¸ˆxI‹Ilw

j

ƒˆl €w‚€v

j

ƒˆVwy¸fn|pv€wypvl Š{–¹9¶¸ˆxIn|pvl €|ƒˆIŠƒˆn<w‚¸ˆnv„0xInvl‹dƒˆMHˆo;I7¨

j

l €vl=p

j

lYl T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml Tp¶ƒ…n

m(w‚’I’l ‹„–p|„<p

j

l§¨;w‚¸ˆ¸ˆng„‚¬p

j

l¶ ¸ˆxInvp|l €V¹ i;j

ƒ…n7m(w‚’<ƒˆn7xIn|l ‹„I¸ˆ{š¬S„†€nvl  „I‹2wy€v{€wB{–n7¨

j

ƒˆ¸ˆl9’I€|ƒˆmw‚€|{

€wB{–n¶‹I„YI„p9xInvlšp

j

lš ¸ˆxInvp|l €vnB¹ i;j

lšƒˆ–p|l €vlnvp¶„‚¬g’2w‚€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸ˆƒ…n|ƒˆIŠYp

j

l<wy¸…Š„†€|ƒ…p

j

mуˆn9’„†ƒˆTpvl‹„†xIp9ƒˆ/Hˆo;I

›l VwyxInvl„y¬p

j

lY¸…„TVwy¸ˆƒ…pK{0€vlnvxI¸ˆpvƒˆIŠ=¬S€|„†m p j

lYm(w‚’I’IƒˆIŠY›IxŒp;p

j

ƒˆn¶¸…„TVwy¸ˆƒ…pK{0ƒˆn§„I¸ˆ{lz–’Œ¸…„ƒˆpvl ‹8‹IxI€vƒˆIŠ

(8)

K

Virtual Interface Source

Object

Local Environment 2 Local Environment 1

No Light Energy

EfƒˆŠxI€vlo†Òšƒˆ€vpvxw‚¸g}KTpvl €ã¬Nw‚l»ˆ¬S„€vm8l €šƒˆ€vpvxw‚¸7RFw‚¸ˆ¸”½ ¹

p j

l€|l I‹Il€vƒˆIŠn|pvl ’¹

¸ˆ¸fp

j

l n|lm8l p

j

„T‹In;ƒˆTpv€|„T‹IxI lwy’I’I€|„‚z–ƒˆm(w‚pvƒˆ„In7¬S„€;l zT’I¸ˆ„†ƒˆpvƒˆIŠ¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{›IxIp

›„†xIŒ‹p

j

l ƒˆ€<l?@¿l pvnYƒˆ„†€|‹Il €špv„0º†l l ’4p

j

lY€vl͖xŒƒ…€|l ‹Îwy  xI€w‚ {T¹

}K/Hµž.bI2ƒˆn7’I€|„†’„†nvl‹w<n|{Tnvpvlmpv„Yl zT’I¸ˆ„†ƒˆp7¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{Yƒ…=„†€v‹Œl €§p|„YmƒˆIƒˆmƒC l7p

j

l;p|€w‚ŒnK¬Sl €|n9›l pK¨§ll 

‹Iƒˆn|ºw‚I‹0mwyƒˆ‘m8l m„€v{T¹ i;j

ƒˆn7nv{Tn|pvl m ƒˆn7‹Il nvƒˆŠIl ‹pv„Y „m’IxŒpvl9€w‚‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒˆpK{‘l  ƒˆl Tpv¸ˆ{ƒˆ«l €v{=¸Ïwy€vŠl

l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|n‘¨

j

l €vl8p

j

l0«Tƒ…n|ƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸…ƒˆpK{(€vl¸Ïwypvƒˆ„†Œn

j

ƒˆ’Inw‚€|l¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸ˆ¸ˆ{‹Œl Invl›ŒxIpŠ†¸ˆ„›2w‚¸ˆ¸ˆ{n|’2w‚€|nvl†¹8}KpYƒ…n

›2wynvl ‹(„w

j

ƒˆl €wy€v

j

ƒˆVw‚¸fwy’I’I€|„–w‚

j ¹ i

¨¶„›2wynvƒˆ<ƒˆ‹IlBw‚n<w‚€|l<l zT’I¸ˆ„ƒ…p|l ‹fÒ7’2wy€vp|ƒ…p|ƒˆ„†IƒˆIŠw‚Œ‹„†€|‹Il €|ƒ…ŒŠ2¹

Ž

w‚€|pvƒˆpvƒˆ„IƒˆIŠYmlVwyIn9ƒˆ‹Il Tpvƒª¬S{TƒˆIŠYnvxŒ›Invl p|n<„y¬¿p

j

lY‹2w‚pw‚›2wynvl;lVwy

j

 „†m8’2„nvl ‹›T{p

j

l< ¸ˆxIn|pvl €|n;¨

j

ƒˆ

j

ƒˆTpvl €w‚ p8¨;ƒˆp

j

w^Š†ƒˆ«†l »Ô€vl l ƒˆ«†l €½( ¸ˆxInvp|l €V¹ i;j

l4‹Il©2Iƒˆp|ƒ…„Є‚¬p

j

lnvl^nvxI›In|l pvn(ƒˆn›2wynvl ‹X„Ðp j l

n| l Il8nvpv€|xI p|xI€vl(w‚I‹Ów8«–ƒˆn|ƒ…›Œƒ…¸ˆƒˆpK{’I€|l  „†m8’IxIpw‚pvƒˆ„d›2lpK¨§l lF ¸ˆxIn|pvl €|nV¹™š€v‹Il €|ƒˆIŠdƒˆm’I¸ˆƒˆl n;pw‚ºTƒˆIŠ

p j

lYnvxI›In|l pvnšƒˆw‚8„†€|‹Il €;¨

j

ƒˆ

j

m8ƒ…Œƒ…mƒC lnp

j

lY‹Iƒ\@¿l€vl Il›2lpK¨§l ldpK¨§„=nvxI l nvn|ƒ…«ln|xI›In|l pvnB¹ i;j

l

€|l nvxI¸ˆp|nƒˆ HžbI<n

j

„‚¨Àp

j

w‚pV‰¾¬S„€p

j

ldn|’2l ƒ¼©dpK{T’2l(„‚¬l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp‹Œl nv €|ƒˆ›2l ‹ w‚›„‚«†l‰9p

j

ld›2lnvp

lƒ…lI {^¨ wyn<„†›Œpw‚ƒˆIl‹d¨;ƒˆp

j

 l¸…¸¾„†€v‹Œl €V¹ i;j

lnvl l ¸ˆ¸ˆn‘wy€vl0‹Il©2Œl ‹Ó›T{ w!¨ wy¸ˆ¸¼‡vw‚¸ˆƒˆŠ†Œl ‹Á;“

Ž

‡Kpv€|l l

n|’2w‚p|ƒÏwy¸gnvxI›‹Iƒˆ«Tƒˆnvƒˆ„†f¹

793

=

7);9†:;)

šƒ…€|pvx2wy¸§ƒˆTpvl€K¬Nwy lƒˆnw‚^ƒˆm’I€|„‚«†l m8l Tp<„‚¬;p

j

l«–ƒˆ€|pvx2wy¸9¨ wy¸ˆ¸9 „†Œ l ’Ip0¨§l0©€vnvp0ƒˆTpv€v„T‹IxŒ l ‹Óƒˆ HˆoQIã¹

i;j

l=›2w‚n|ƒ…=ƒ…‹ŒlVw0„‚¬9p

j

ƒ…n;¨¶„†€|º¨;w‚n;p|„©2I‹dw0¨;wB{p|„nvxI›‹Iƒˆ«Tƒ…‹Œl5w! „†m8’I¸ˆl zl T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml Tp¶ƒ…(¸ˆ„TVw‚¸

l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|n;xInvƒˆIŠ0’I¸”w‚Iln;¨§lYVwy¸…¸ˆl ‹ TUZ3_Y _YYVV¹

i;j

l‘«Tƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸g¨;w‚¸ˆ¸ƒˆn<w0ml 

j

wyIƒˆnvm ¨ j

ƒˆ

j

wyƒˆmn9p|„Š–w‚p

j

l €<wyI‹(pv„nvBw‚pvp|l €<p

j

lYl Il €|Š†{(¸ˆlVwB«TƒˆIŠ

„€l Tpvl €|ƒˆIŠdw¸ˆ„TVwy¸9l T«Tƒ…€|„†Im8l TpV¹ J<„‚¨¶l «†l €B‰fp

j

lxIn|l„‚¬§«Tƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸9¨;w‚¸ˆ¸ˆn

j

w‚nYnv„ml0‹Iƒˆnw‚‹Œ«†w‚TpwyŠ†l

n|ƒ…Œ l(ƒ…p=€vl ÍTxIƒˆ€vlnw‚‹Œ‹Iƒˆpvƒˆ„†2wy¸9 „m’IxIpw‚p|ƒ…„Inw‚I‹aml m8„†€|{–¹

n=¬S„†€=p

j

l(„†›†1l  p0„‚¬‘p

j

ln| l Il‰ w

«Tƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸I¨;w‚¸ˆ¸

j

wyn9pv„›l;‹Il „†m’„†n|l ‹ƒˆTpv„Y’2w‚p|

j

l n7¬S„€9¨

j

ƒˆ

j p j

l;l Il€vŠ†{Š„†ƒˆIŠšp

j

€|„†xIŠ

jj

w‚n9p|„Y›2l

n|pv„†€|l ‹f¹Ys;l ’Œ€vl n|l TpvƒˆIŠ(p

j

l0l Il€vŠ†{(¸ˆlVwB«TƒˆIŠw’w‚pv

j

¬Z€v„†m.w«Tƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸¨ wy¸ˆ¸g€vl ÍTxIƒˆ€vln‘p

j

l0nvpv„€vƒˆIŠ„y¬

(9)



n|l «†l €w‚¸gƒˆT¬S„€vm(w‚pvƒˆ„nvxI

j

w‚n9p

j

l<n|’2w‚p|ƒÏwy¸2‹Œƒ…n|pv€|ƒ…›ŒxIpvƒˆ„†0„‚¬fp

j

l<lIl €vŠ{–¹ „†€vl„‚«†l €B‰Tp

j

lšnvxI›‹Iƒˆ«Tƒ…n|ƒˆ„†

„y¬5w4«–ƒˆ€|pvx2wy¸§¨;w‚¸ˆ¸

j

w‚np|„Λl(‹I„†Il8ƒˆFnvxŒ

j

w4¨ wB{Óp

j

w‚p0ƒˆp

j

w‚n0¬Sl ¨ ƒ…m8’2w‚p„†ap

j

l(ÍTx2w‚¸ˆƒˆpK{d„y¬

p j

l(€vl I‹Œl €vƒˆIŠ¹

i

„d„‚«l €v„†mlp

j

l n|l’Œ€v„†›Œ¸…lmnV‰7¨¶lƒˆTpv€|„T‹IxI l(wdIl¨pvl 

j

Œƒ…ÍTxIl8Vw‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ‹a§®ª¯…°±‚²³

êÄV°KÅy¯¼ÆN²BÇŨ

j

ƒˆ

j

ƒˆn;‹Ilnv €|ƒ…›l ‹^ƒˆp

j

l<¬Z„†¸ˆ¸ˆ„‚¨;ƒ…ŒŠ’2w‚€w‚Š€w‚’

j

nV¹

R ƒ…p j p j

ƒ…n7Il¨Fpvl

j

IƒˆÍ–xŒl†‰–w+«Tƒ…€|pvx2wy¸Tƒ…Tp|l €K¬Nwy l¶ƒ…n7I„šm„€vl§w+nvl p9„y¬2’2wypv

j

l nB¹7}KInvp|lVw‚‹„y¬

j

wB«TƒˆIŠ

p j

l nvlY’2wypv

j

l n¶pv„=€vl ’I€|l nvl–p;p

j

l<lz–

j

wyIŠ†lš„‚¬gl Il €|Š†{›l pK¨¶l l (¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸Il T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|nV‰‚¨¶l<xIn|l‘wšIl ¨

m8l 

j

w‚Iƒˆn|mΉTVwy¸…¸ˆl ‹(§®È®ªÉ®ª³®°ZʲBÈ Ìšpv„p|€wyInK¬Sl€‘¸ˆƒˆŠ

j

p;l Œl €vŠ{›l pK¨¶l l ^¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸fl–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–p|nV¹ i;j

l

wyƒ…m „‚¬2p

j

ƒˆn9ml

j

w‚Iƒˆnvm ƒˆn7pv„0w‚¸ˆ¸ˆ„‚¨ wY¸ˆ„TVwy¸–„†m’ŒxIpwypvƒˆ„†„y¬¿p

j

l;€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{Yƒˆw<¸ˆ„TVwy¸Il T«Tƒ…€|„†Im8l Tp

ƒˆ(„†€|‹Il €;pv„ƒˆm8’I€v„‚«l;p

j

l‹w‚pw=¸ˆ„TVw‚¸ˆƒˆpK{w‚ l nvnB¹

! "#$%&!'(

i;j

l0©€vnvp0’I€|ƒ…Œ ƒˆ’I¸ˆl„y¬ p j

l«Tƒ…€|pvx2wy¸9ƒˆTpvl €ã¬Nw‚ lwy‹I‹I€|l nvn|l np

j

llIl €vŠ{Îp|€wyInK¬Sl€›l pK¨¶l l F¸ˆ„TVwy¸9l T‡

«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|nV¹Y}KIn|pvlVwy‹Ó„‚¬ wy  xImxI¸”wypvƒˆIŠp

j

ll Il €|Š†{4¬S€v„m.‹Iƒ\@¿l €|l Tpnv„xI€vl n„†Tp|„ w`TUZ 3_Y _YY

›l¬S„€vln|l I‹IƒˆIŠ(ƒˆpYpv„ÎwyI„†p

j

l €’Œ€v„T l n|nv„†€B‰7p

j l TUZ3_Y U*)7Z,+ -X_/.0+0pvl

j

IƒˆÍ–xŒlw‚¸ˆ¸ˆ„‚¨;n‘p

j

lmwy2w‚Šl‡

m8l Tp9„‚¬9wYnv„xI€v l=nvl ’2wy€wypvl ¸ˆ{0¬S€|„†m„p

j

l €¶nv„xI€vl n<ƒˆp

j

l‘nw‚m8l;¸…„TVwy¸2l–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–pB¹

n§n|„T„†wyn w

n|„†xI€| l

j

w‚n;l m8ƒ…p|pvl ‹8ƒˆpvn;l Il€vŠ†{T‰Tƒˆp;ƒˆn;nvl Tp;pv„p

j

lIlz–p;’Œ€v„T l n|nv„†€B¹

i;j

lnvl „†I‹Ó’I€|ƒˆI ƒˆ’I¸ˆl„‚¬9p

j

l«Tƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸7ƒˆTpvl €ã¬Nw‚l „†Œ l €vŒnp

j

l0¨;wB{p|„pw‚º†l=ƒ…Tp|„w‚ „†xITpšp j l

n|„†xI€| l<p|€w‚ŒnK¬Sl €¶›l pK¨§ll ¸ˆ„TVw‚¸Tl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|nV¹}KI‹Il l ‹‰†n|l I‹IƒˆIŠp

j

l;Š†l„†mlpv€v{0w‚I‹0ƒˆpvn9l m8ƒˆnvnvƒˆ«TƒˆpK{

p|„p

j

lIl zTp;l T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml Tp<wB¬Zpvl €<w0¸ˆ„TVw‚¸’I€v„T lnvnvƒˆIŠ8ƒˆm’I¸ˆ{0pv„w‚‹Œ‹ w!Il ¨ nvp|€vxI p|xI€vl‰gVw‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ‹21(3

¡ 3Ú

  3#3

¢ Ù Ó¤2¡&4

‰gpv„(p

j

lnv„xI€v ld»Ï©2Š†xŒ€vl(oV½ ¹ i;j

l«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒ…pK{m(w‚n|ºn|pv„€vl nB‰fƒˆdp

j

lnv„xI€v ln|pv€|xI pvxŒ€vl†‰

wy¸…¸gp

j

l„T  ¸ˆxIn|ƒˆ„†In;l Œ „†xITp|l €vl ‹^‹IxI€|ƒˆIŠp

j

l’I€|„T l nvn|ƒˆIŠƒˆlBw‚

j

¸ˆ„TVw‚¸gl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml TpB¹

i;j

l‘Œl zTp;nvl  p|ƒˆ„†Inš‹Il nv€vƒˆ›2ln‘m8„†€|l<‹Il l’I¸ˆ{p

j

lYpK¨§„0’I€|ƒ…Œ ƒˆ’I¸ˆl nV¹

65 789%: ;/<>=>!9?

i

„F‹Œl nv €|ƒˆ›2l^m„€vl(‹Il l ’Œ¸…{ „†xI€8pvl 

j

IƒˆÍTxIl†‰š¨¶ld¨;ƒˆ¸…¸špwyº†ldp

j

lÎw‚n|nvxIm8’Ipvƒˆ„ p j

w‚p(wӒI€|„†Š€vl n|nvƒˆ«†l

€w‚‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒˆpK{p|l 

j

IƒˆÍTxIlƒˆn<xIn|l ‹„ƒ…Tp|¸…{8¨;ƒˆp j w j

l m8ƒˆnv’

j

l€vl0pv„„†m’ŒxIpvlY¬Z„†€vmÀ¬Kw‚ p|„†€vnB¹,RXƒˆp

j

nvxI

j

p|l 

j

IƒˆÍTxIl†‰Iwš’2w‚p|

j ¨ j

ƒˆ

j0j

wynp

j

l;m„nvp7xIIn

j

„†p7l Œl €vŠ{ƒ…n7n|l ¸ˆl  pvl‹w‚Œ‹ƒˆpvn¾l Il €|Š†{0ƒ…n7‹Iƒˆn|pv€vƒˆ›IxŒpvl ‹

p|„΄p

j

l €’w‚pv

j

lnƒ…ap

j

l8nv lIlÎw‚ „†€|‹IƒˆIŠÎp|„ w ¬S„€vm ¬Nw‚pv„†€0 „m’IxIpw‚p|ƒ…„f¹ R ƒ…p

j

„xI€«Tƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸

ƒˆTpvl €ã¬Nw‚l< „I l ’IpB‰Tp

j

lšl Il €|Š†{0„‚¬flVwy

j

nvl ¸ˆl  p|l ‹(’2w‚p|

j

‰†¨¶l;Vwy¸…¸Œƒ…p¶w<n|„†xI€| l†‰Tƒˆn7©2€|nvp¶‹Iƒˆnvp|€vƒˆ›IxIp|l ‹ƒˆ

p j

l<¸ˆ„TVw‚¸l T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml Tp7ƒˆ¨

j

ƒˆ

j

ƒˆp9ƒˆn9„†Tpwyƒ…Œl ‹f¹ i;j

l ‰Tƒ…p|n9l Il€vŠ†{ƒˆn9’Œ€v„†’w‚Š–wypvl ‹8pv„„p

j

l€§¸ˆ„TVw‚¸

l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|nV¹J<„‚¨¶l «†l €B‰†p|„’I€|„†’2wyŠ–w‚p|l;l ƒˆl Tpv¸ˆ{0p

j

l;lIl €vŠ{„‚¬fwYŠ†ƒˆ«l ’w‚pv

j

pv„w‚I„p

j

l€§¸ˆ„TVw‚¸

l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml TpB‰‚ƒˆp9ƒˆn9Il  lnvnwy€v{(pv„=‹Il pvl€vmƒˆIl;p

j

l<«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpK{Y„‚¬fp

j

l<’2wypv

j

w‚ „†€v‹Œƒ…ŒŠpv„0p

j

l;xI€v€|l Tp

¸ˆ„TVw‚¸¶l T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml TpVÒ=ƒˆp‘m(wB{dl zTƒˆnvpwyӄ†›†l pw‚¸ˆ„†ŒŠ w Š†ƒˆ«†l ^‹Iƒˆ€vl pvƒˆ„†a¨

j

ƒˆ

jÓj

ƒˆ‹Il n0p

j

l8nv„†xŒ€v l

»Ï©2Š†xI€|lž†½¹SRÓl‘ƒˆTpv€|„T‹IxI l ‹4p

j

l­‚®È®ªÉ‚®ª³®°SÊ ²BÈ Ì<¨

j

ƒˆ

j

ƒˆn<w0nvxŒ›Inwym’I¸ˆl ‹

j

l m8ƒˆnv’

j

l€vlYƒˆ‹Il TpvƒˆVwy¸fpv„

p j

l§„Il¶ƒ…T«„†¸ˆ«†l ‹YƒˆYp

j

l¶ „m’IxIpw‚p|ƒ…„Y„‚¬Ip

j

l¾¬S„€vm ¬Nw‚ p|„†€|nV¹ 9wy

j

’Iƒˆz–l¸–„y¬Ip j l j

l m8ƒ…n|’

j

l €|l†‰‚p

j

w‚pƒ…n

xIn|l ‹¬Z„†€7p

j

l¶¬Z„†€vm ¬Nw‚pv„†€7 „m’IxŒpw‚p|ƒˆ„†InB‰V„†€v€|l nv’„†Œ‹In;pv„wš›2„T„¸…lBw‚0«†w‚¸ˆxIl¶ƒ…0p

j

l;«–ƒˆn|ƒ…›Œƒ…¸ˆƒˆpK{Ymwynvºg¹

«†w‚¸ˆxIl=ƒ…nšnvl pYp|„ÆN²³È|Ńª¬9p

j

l0 „€v€vlnv’„†I‹IƒˆIŠ(€wB{–‰Š†„ƒˆIŠp

j

€|„†xIŠ

j p j

l0’Iƒˆz–l¸f„‚¬¶p j l j

l m8ƒ…n|’

j

l €|l†‰

j

ƒˆp|n5wyd„†›†1l  pYƒˆ w!’I€vl«–ƒˆ„xInY¸…„TVwy¸fl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml TpB¹!<„pvl0p

j

wyp<„†xŒ€<pvl

j

IƒˆÍ–xŒlVwyΛlwy’I’I¸ˆƒˆl ‹dpv„

j

lmƒˆ xI›l†‰Tƒˆ(p

j

wyp;Vw‚n|l‘p

j

l«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpK{mwynvº0¨;ƒ…¸ˆ¸g›lw‚

j

l m8ƒ…xI›2lYw‚n;¨¶l ¸ˆ¸K¹@(„€vl „‚«l €V‰Œƒˆp§Vwy(›2l

lVwynvƒˆ¸ˆ{(l zTpvl I‹Œl ‹Ópv„8pw‚ºlƒˆTpv„(w‚ „†xITp<’w‚€vp|ƒˆ ƒˆ’2w‚p|ƒ…ŒŠml‹Iƒ”wI¹;}KIn|pvlVwy‹Î„y¬§xIn|ƒ…ŒŠ›„–„¸ˆlVw‚d«†wy¸ˆxIl nV‰

wyƒˆTpvlŠ†l €;«†wy¸…xŒl‘„†xI¸ˆ‹€|l ’I€|l nvl TpYp

j

l’2l€v l Tpw‚Š†l0„‚¬9w‚›In|„†€|’Ipvƒˆ„†dwy¸…„IŠw0Šƒ…«l ‹Œƒ…€|l  p|ƒ…„f¹

(10)

Source

Object Local Environment 1

True

False

True Visibility mask

EfƒˆŠxI€vlžIÒ7}KŒƒ…p|ƒ”w‚¸ˆƒˆnw‚p|ƒˆ„†0„‚¬9p

j

lY«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpK{m(w‚nvº=¬S„€<w¸ˆ„TVw‚¸gn|„†xI€| l†¹

(11)

˜

Virtual Interface Local Environment 2

No Light Energy Source

False True True Visibility mask

None

None

EƒˆŠ†xI€|l5qŒÒBA<n|l„‚¬7p

j

lY«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒ…pK{0mwynvº0¬S„€ w0‹Œƒ…n|pwy–p¶nv„xI€vl†¹

, '($99# 29: 6/< =>!9?9

i;j

l=«–ƒˆn|ƒ…›Œƒ…¸ˆƒˆpK{m(w‚nvºwy¸ˆ¸…„‚¨;n¾p

j

l‹Œƒ…n|pv€|ƒ…›ŒxIpvƒˆ„†8„‚¬7l Il €|Š†{(pv„¸ˆ„TVw‚¸gl–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–p¶ƒˆw=nvp|l ’d›T{n|pvl ’

›2wynvƒˆnV¹

i

¨¶„΁Vwynvl n8mwB{Ów‚€|ƒ…n|l†¹a}Z¬‘p

j

ln|„†xI€| ld›l ¸ˆ„†IŠnpv„^p

j

l(¸ˆ„TVw‚¸;l–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–pB‰9wd«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpK{

m(w‚nvºƒˆn¶ €vlBw‚pvl‹Îw‚I‹(w‚¸ˆ¸gƒˆpvn¶›2„T„¸…lBw‚«†wy¸ˆxIl<ƒˆn;nvlp;pv„0°¯S±Bń†p

j

l €v¨;ƒˆn|lp

j

lY«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpK{mwynvºw‚¸ˆ€vlVwy‹I{

l zTƒˆnvp|n‘wyI‹(¨;ƒ…¸ˆ¸g›lxI’‹2w‚p|l ‹d‹IxŒ€vƒˆIŠ0p

j

l’Œ€v„T l n|nvƒˆIŠ„y¬9p

j

ln|„†xI€| l†¹&EŒ„†€vm ¬Nw‚ p|„†€|n‘w‚€|lY „†m8’IxIpvl‹

¨;ƒˆp j p j

ld’w‚pv

j

ln›l ¸ˆ„†IŠƒ…ŒŠÓpv„Óp

j

ld¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸<l–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–p0›T{FVwynvp|ƒ…ŒŠF€wB{Tn!¬S€v„m p j

l4 l Tpvl €(„y¬

p j

ln|„†xI€| lp

j

€v„xIŠ

j p j l j

lmƒˆnv’

j

l €vl†¹(}Z¬‘w €wB{

j

ƒˆp|n·wyӄ†›†l pƒˆÓp

j

l8¸…„TVwy¸9l T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml TpV‰ pj l

 „€v€|l nv’„†I‹Œƒ…ŒŠ«†wy¸ˆxIlYƒ…8p

j

l0«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒ…pK{0mwynvºƒˆn;nvlp<pv„!ÆN²³ÈvÅY„p

j

l €|¨;ƒˆnvlp

j

l €vl0ƒˆn;I„m8„T‹Iƒª©2Vw‚p|ƒˆ„†f¹

i;j

lf‰€w‚‹Œƒ…„nvƒˆpvƒˆl n;„y¬9¸…„TVwy¸g’2w‚p|

j

l n‘wy€vlxŒ’2‹2wypvl ‹4xInvƒˆIŠ„Ilƒˆpvl €w‚p|ƒ…„(„‚¬>w0’Œ€v„†Š€vl n|nvƒˆ«†l0€wy‹Iƒˆ„†n|ƒ…pK{

wy¸…Š„†€|ƒ…p

j

mι Eƒˆ2w‚¸ˆ¸ˆ{T‰fp

j

ldnv„xI€vlÎw‚I‹aƒˆpvn«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒ…pK{4mw‚n|º wy€vldn|l Tppv„Óp

j

l(Il ƒˆŠ

j

›„†xI€|ƒ…ŒŠÎ¸ˆ„TVw‚¸

l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|n;pv„0›2l’Œ€v„T l n|nvl ‹^¸”w‚pvl€»ˆ©2ŠxI€vlq½ ¹

!'( 9: ;9%# 6 ! #$%&!'(9

™šIld„y¬p

j

l(mwyƒˆӋIƒ xI¸ˆpK{Ӄˆ xŒnvƒˆIŠ^«–ƒˆ€|pvx2wy¸<ƒˆTpvl €ã¬Nw‚ lnƒˆnp|„^©2I‹Xw^mwy’I’IƒˆIŠd„y¬‘«Tƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸;ƒˆT‡

p|l €K¬Nwy l n0ƒˆdp

j

l„†m’Œ¸…lzl–«Tƒˆ€v„Iml–pB¹

xIlp|„(p

j

l0 „†m8’IxIpw‚pvƒˆ„d„‚¬§p

j

l0«–ƒˆn|ƒ…›Œƒ…¸ˆƒˆpK{m(w‚n|º–nB‰p j l

’I€|„T l nvn|ƒˆIŠ„‚¬wYn|„†xI€| lYVw‚ŒI„†p¶›2lšVw‚€|€vƒˆl ‹8„†xIp¶ƒˆw‚T{„€v‹Il€V¹7}KI‹Ill ‹f‰IwY«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpK{mwynvº „Tpw‚ƒˆIn

«Tƒˆnvƒˆ›Iƒˆ¸ˆƒˆpK{ƒˆT¬S„€vm(w‚pvƒˆ„¬S€|„†m wy¸ˆ¸g„†p

j

l €;¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸gl T«Tƒˆ€v„†Œml Tpvn¶›l pK¨§ll Îp

j

lYnv„xI€v l0w‚I‹(p

j

l‘xI€v€|l Tp

¸ˆ„TVw‚¸7l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml TpB¹,EfƒˆŠxI€vl bn

j

„‚¨;nY›2„p

j

wÎo

w‚I‹Ówž

n|’2w‚lnvxI›‹Iƒˆ«Tƒ…n|ƒˆ„†f¹s+l Š–wy€v‹IƒˆIŠ8p j l

o

Vwynvl†‰7›l¬S„€vl8’I€v„T l n|nvƒˆIŠFw8nv„xI€vlƒˆ†‰ƒ…p

j

w‚np|„d›l’I€|„–l nvn|l ‹Xƒˆ·wyI‹ƒˆ w

n|l ÍTxIl Tpvƒ”w‚¸mwyIIl €B¹g}Z¬p

j

lYpw‚€|Š†l p¶ „m’IxIp|l €

j

w‚n¶nvl «l €wy¸f’I€|„T l nvn|„†€|nV‰p

j

l€vlYƒˆn§I„0¨;wB{pv„0l zT’I¸ˆ„†ƒˆp

p j

l m.nvƒˆmxI¸ˆpw‚Il „xInv¸ˆ{ƒˆ(p

j

l=’I€v„T l n|nvƒˆIŠ(„‚¬9„IlYnv„†xŒ€v l0¨

j

ƒˆ

j

nvxI

j

n|’2w‚ln|xI›2‹Œƒ…«Tƒˆnvƒˆ„f¹RXƒˆp j w

ž

‹Il  „m’„†n|ƒ…p|ƒˆ„†f‰p

j

l’I€v„T l n|nvƒˆIŠ^„‚¬<w8nv„†xŒ€v l

j

w‚nYpv„(›l‹I„†ŒlxInvƒˆIŠdw8¨ wB«l¬S€|„†TpYpvl 

j

IƒˆÍTxIl

wy¸…¸ˆ„‚¨;ƒˆIŠ(p

j

l „m’IxIpw‚p|ƒ…„΄y¬‘p

j

ln|„†xI€| l(ƒ…a’2w‚€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸K¹g„TVwy¸;l T«–ƒˆ€|„†Im8l Tpvn›l ¸ˆ„†IŠƒˆIŠdpv„4p j l

(12)

œ

t1 t2 t3 t4

LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4

Source

t1 t2 t3 t4

t5 t6

LE1,3

LE1,2

LE1,1

LE2,3

LE2,2

LE2,1

LE3,3

LE3,2

LE3,1

LE4,3

LE4,2

LE4,1

Source

EƒˆŠ†xI€|l b2Ò;o

wyI‹dž

n|’2w‚ l=nvxI›‹Iƒˆ«Tƒ…n|ƒˆ„†¨;ƒˆp

j

«Tƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸gƒˆTpvl€K¬Nwy l n

nw‚ml¨;wB«†l1¬S€v„–p^Vw‚a›2l8p

j

xInl «†wy¸…xw‚pvl‹FƒˆӒ2w‚€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸K¹ i;j

ƒˆn0’I€v„’2l€vpK{FBw‚F›l(l zTpvl Œ‹Il ‹a¬S„†€

w(q

n|xI›2‹Œƒ…«Tƒˆnvƒˆ„΄y¬§p

j

lƒˆIƒˆp|ƒÏwy¸fl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml TpB¹“TxI

j

‹w‚pw8‹Il’2l Œ‹Il I ƒˆl nB‰7ƒˆÎp

j

l’Œ€v„T l n|nvƒˆIŠd„y¬

n|„†xI€| l nV‰7„†xI¸ˆ‹^›2l€|l ’I€vlnvl Tpvl‹ w‚pvxŒ€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆ{(›T{dmlVwy(„‚¬;ml n|nw‚Šl nYƒˆ w8’2wy€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸ƒ…m8’I¸ˆl ml–pw‚p|ƒ…„

„y¬>p

j l TUZ 3_Y7U)2Z,+ -_ .0+Y„†I l’IpV¹

f9 43·7)</ %')5%'=7 %'&( )Y% )Y7Y !

i;j

l=‹Il nvƒˆŠd„‚¬§w’w‚€wy¸ˆ¸…l¸fw‚¸ˆŠ†„€vƒˆp

j m ¬S„†€š‹Iƒˆnvpv€|ƒˆ›IxIpvl‹dml m8„†€|{’2wy€wy¸…¸ˆl ¸g„†m’ŒxIpvl €|n<€|l ÍTxIƒˆ€vl nš©2€|nvp

wyI‹Ð¬S„€vl m8„†nvpw^‹2wypw^‹I„mw‚ƒˆӋIl „†m8’2„nvƒˆpvƒˆ„†aƒˆ „€v‹Il€pv„Ó‹Œƒ…n|pv€|ƒ…›ŒxIpvld‹w‚pwaw‚m8„†IŠdp

j

ld¸ˆ„TVw‚¸

m8l m„€vƒˆl nV¹ i;j

ƒˆnY©2€|nvpn|pvl ’Óƒˆnp

j

l ^¬S„¸…¸ˆ„‚¨¶l ‹d›T{Îw8‹Iƒˆnvp|€vƒˆ›IxIp|ƒˆ„†^„‚¬; „†m8’IxIpwypvƒˆ„†Œn‘w‚ „†€|‹IƒˆIŠdpv„

‹2wypw4‹Iƒˆnvp|€vƒˆ›IxIp|ƒ…„f¹F¶„m’IxIpw‚p|ƒ…„Inwy€vldw‚n|nvƒˆŠ†Il‹Fpv„Ów^’I€|„–l nvn|„†€p

j

w‚p0„‚¨;In0p

j

l(‹2wypw4Il l ‹Œl ‹

p|„Ó’2l €ã¬S„†€|ml ‹ap

j

lmιГTxI

j

pvl

j

IƒˆÍ–xŒl

j

w‚n›l l X¨;ƒˆ‹Il ¸ˆ{ÓxIn|l ‹f‰;ƒˆp0ƒˆnº–Œ„‚¨; w‚n‹w‚pw4„†€|ƒˆl Tpvl ‹

’2wy€wy¸…¸ˆl ¸ˆƒˆnwypvƒˆ„†¹ i;j

lΫTƒˆ€vp|x2w‚¸šƒ…Tp|l €K¬Nwy l^ „†Il ’IpV‰Y¨¶ld‹Il«†l ¸ˆ„†’l ‹ ƒˆXp

j

ƒˆn8’2w‚’l €V‰Yw‚¸ˆ¸ˆ„‚¨;nxIn(pv„

wy’I’I¸ˆ{Îp

j

ƒˆn‹w‚pw4„†€|ƒˆl Tpvl ‹a’2w‚€w‚¸ˆ¸ˆl ¸ˆƒ…nw‚p|ƒ…„În|

j

l ml8pv„dp

j

l(€wy‹Iƒˆ„†nvƒˆpK{^ „†m8’IxIpw‚pvƒˆ„f¹ i;j

lƒˆIƒˆp|ƒÏwy¸

l T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp7ƒˆn7nv’I¸ˆƒˆpvl ‹ƒˆTpv„Yn|l «†l €w‚¸¸ˆ„–Bw‚¸Il T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|n¨

j

ƒ…

j

Vw‚›l;mwy’I’l ‹„p

j

l<wB«†w‚ƒˆ¸”w‚›Œ¸…l

’I€|„T l nvn|„†€|nV¹

nvxI›In|l p¶„‚¬gp

j

l n|l<¸ˆ„TVw‚¸Œl T«–ƒˆ€|„†Im8l Tpvn7ƒˆn>wynvn|ƒ…ŠIl ‹p|„wš’I€v„T l n|nv„€V¹

’I€v„T l n|nv„€§ƒˆn7ƒˆ

 j

wy€vŠ†lš„‚¬g’2l€K¬S„€vmƒˆIŠYp

j

l< „m’IxŒpw‚p|ƒˆ„†€|l ¸”w‚pvl‹pv„ƒˆpvn¾„‚¨;‹2w‚pwI¹}Kp9 „†Œnvƒˆnvp|n§ƒˆp

j

l;‹Iƒˆnvpv€|ƒˆ›IxIpvƒˆ„

„y¬>p

j

ll Œl €vŠ{„y¬’2wypv

j

l nšp

j

wyp<›l ¸ˆ„†IŠ0pv„ƒˆp|n<¸ˆ„TVw‚¸gl T«Tƒˆ€v„Iml Tp|n wyn;¨§l ¸ˆ¸7w‚n;p

j

l‹Iƒˆnvp|€vƒˆ›IxIp|ƒ…„„y¬

l Œl €vŠ{„†mƒˆIŠ5¬S€v„mIl ƒˆŠ

j

›„†xI€|ƒˆIŠ¸ˆ„TVwy¸gl T«–ƒˆ€|„†Im8l TpvnV¹

Á¶l¬S„€vlŠ„†ƒˆIŠƒˆTpv„0‹Il pw‚ƒˆ¸ˆnV‰Œ¨§lY‹Il n| €vƒˆ›l›I€|ƒ…l?>2{–‰Œƒˆp

j

lIl zTp;nvl pvƒˆ„†4p j l j

wy€v‹I¨;w‚€|l5wyI‹(nv„y¬SpK‡

¨;w‚€|ldl T«Tƒ…€|„†Im8l Tp¨§ldwy€vldxIn|ƒˆIŠÓ¬S„€l zT’2l€vƒˆml Tp|ƒ…ŒŠÓ„†xI€’2wy€wy¸…¸ˆl ¸;€w‚‹Iƒˆ„nvƒˆpK{ wy¸…Š„†€|ƒ…p

j

mι i;j

l

‹Ilnv €|ƒ…’Œpvƒˆ„†d„y¬„xI€;nv„¸…xŒpvƒˆ„†8ƒ…n;Šƒˆ«†l 8ƒ…(n|l  pvƒˆ„ b¹µžI¹

Références

Documents relatifs

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rhˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST