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SPOKEN HUNGARIAN OFF ICER

Dans le document HUNGARIAN HUNGARIAN INSTITUTE INSTITUTE (Page 40-44)

AI Hol van az altlP.rik.ai k.övetség?

SPOKEN HUNGARIAN OFF ICER

Gustoms inspection: What's in the suitcase?

Vámvizsgálat~ Mi van a bőröndben?

clothes, suit, dress ruha

JOHNSON

There are only clothes in the suitcase.

lucky trip

Csak ruha van a bőröndben.

szerencses,

út

OFFICER

Thank you. Have a nice trip. Köszönöm. Szerencsés utat.

Notes to the Basic Sentences

~ Just as titles follow the surname, likewise when a Christian name is used with the family name, the Christian name comes after the family name: Rózsa János ('John Rose'), Johnson Péter ('Peter Johnson'). As a rule, titles are used only with the surname except in addressing letters, where the full name may be written, followed by the title.

2 Used loosely to designate any Foreign Service officer abroad.

3 Polite way of greeting a lady.

Notes on Pronunciation A. Long and Short vowels

It is extremely important for you to make the distinction in Hungarian between long and short vowels because the length of vowel sounds is one import-ant way Hungarians distinguish meaning.

Practice 1.

faj - fáj kar kár agy - á~y part - part vagy - vágy

el - él fel - fél szel - szél kel kél vesz - vész

kor koros oda ont orra

- kór - kóros - óda - ónt, - ora - űzet

- bűntett

- csűrje

- fűzet

- tűző

üzlet büntet csülke füzet

tüdő

- őt

- tőr fől őröktőröm

öt tör föl örök töröm -B. Double Consonants

Most of the consonants in Hungarian are pronounced about as in English.

However, a feature of Hungarian pronunciation that requires special attention is double consonants. A Hungarian double consonant coming before a vowel sound must always be pronounced twice as long as a single consonant, except at the end of a breath group. This characteristic of Hungarian pronunciation is especially difficult for American students to master because we do not use this feature of pronunciation in English to convey differences in mean ing. We pronounce conso-nants double in English only in some compound words or in link ing two words that

HUszommT 27

have similar or identical consonant sounds coming together, as in the examples in parentheses below.

Practice 2. A.

reggelt (as in big game)

lassabban (ss as in hor~e ~hoe; bb as in He~urn)

állomás (asin Al !!ewis]

cigaretta (as in ho~ ~ime)

abban jobban lábbal ebben biccen moccan icce uccu eddig kedden

meddő

röffen gróffal

szaggat tollal csuppan késsel

függő füllel cseppen mossa

ahhoz ·val.lás csippent tettel

ehhez kellett nappal héttel

éjjel zümmög erre ketten

bajjal cammog arra hittel

vaj j al... ímmel merre szivvel

ámmal orra hévvel

J OJJon

ekkor enni korral. evvel

akkor inni frissen avval

zökken ennek siessen izzad

csökken unnep tessék túzzel

csekket benne vassal húzza

Practice 2. B.

halott kelet tolat fülel telet lábal agyal ara varja

hallott szemel szemmel

kellett hitel hittel

tollat mese messe

füllel vasal vassal

tellett késel késsel

lábbal szível szívvel

aggyal zúza zúzza

arra tüzel túzzel

varrja házal házzal

C. Hungarian !:.

Hungarian

E.

(identified as a "dentaI flap" or "trill") is usually pro-nounced like the English ' r ' in a telephone operator's pronunciation of the number 'thr-r-ree', or like the Midwestern sound represented by the spelling ' t t ' in such words as 'butter', 'Betty', 'lettuce', 'better' , 'fatter', or 'hotter' spoken fast. It is formed by vibrating the tip of the tongue against the roof of the mouth right behind the upper front teeth. In the speech of some Hungarians this sound is weakened when it appears at the end of a breath group or when i t precedes another consonant within the same syllable.

As is true of alI double consonants in Hungarian, the double E is pronounced twice as long as the single.

Practice

3.

rab bőrönd drága tréfa borda

rak derék drapp Tátra torta

régen

.

, dörög drót prém porta

örül brekeg próba kert

rl.go

repül árva bravúr trakta bort

bútor merre

cukor orra

címer porrá

kör erre

kár térre

Répa. retek, mogyoró; korán reggel ritkán rikkant a rigó.

28 HUSZONNYOLC

D. vowel Harmony

Hungarian words are generally divided into front-vowel words and back-vowel words, depending on the type of vowel the contain and the type of suffi~ they consequently take. Those which do not fit into either of these categories are neutral-vowel words.

Front-vowel Words Debrecenben beszélek tervük

bőrcndben

ülnek örülnek E. Linking (Liaison)

Back-Vowel Words lapban

azután urak akarnak vacsorázunk olvasok

Neutral-Vowel Words isznak

hisznek fiatalnak célja

szívnak

októberben (or októberban1

Hol van az állomás? (Hol va-na-zállomás?1 cig~ret7át is kérek. (cigarettá-tis-kérek.\

Kovacs ur. (Ková-csúr.1

szeretnék enni. (Szeretné-kenni.)

Csak ülök és olvasok. (Csa-külö-ké-solvasok.)

The above examples illustrate the principle that in Hungarian when a word ending in a consonant is followed immediately in the same breath group by a word beginning with a vowel, the consonant is pronounced in the same syllable as the

following vowel.

F· syllabication

Milyen szépek ezek a virágok~ (Mi-lyen-szé-pe-ke-ze-ka-vi-rá-gok~)

Johnsonék amerikaiak. (John-so-né-ka-me-ri-ka-i-ak.) Nem akar ebédelni? (Ne-ma-ka-re-bé-del-ni?)

Csak ülök és olvasok. (csa-kü-lö-ké-sol-va-sok.) zsazsát ismeri? (zsa-zsá-tis-me-ri?)

Össze tösz-sze) Mennyi (meny-nyi)

The list above contains examples of how words or groups of words are divided into syllables (minimum units of word structure). Note the following:

(1)

In Hungarian a syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel whenever possible.

(2;

Two adjacent vowel sounds always form separate syllables.

(A

word therefore always has as many syllables as it has vowel sounds.I (31 The digraphs ~, gy,

lY,

~,.sz, !y and ~ represent separate

phonemes in.the language, and as such are never separated in syllabication.

(41 The combinations ~, ~, ~, sgy,

!lY,

nny and tty. which repre-sent double sounds in Hungarian, are divided in syllabication intú

~, ~, ~, 9Y=SY,

!Y=lY,

~ and!y=!y, respectively.

HUSZONKILENC

A. The Present Tense

Notes on Grammar (For Home study)

The concept of person exists in English pronouns. but has very limited application to English verbs. Most verbs in English occur with an ending in what might be called the third personal singular form: ' r hit - he hits, r dig -he digs, r miss - he misses' • The Hungarian verb, on the other hand, regularly has six different endings, since it must change to agree with its subject for singular (one) and plural (more than one), for the first person (r - wel, second person (you), and third person (he, she, i t - they). The second person is

further distinguished for familiar or formal. The familiar.te (singular 'you') or t i (plural 'you') is used only in intimate conversation, that is, when you address a person (or persons) whom you know very well (e.g., a ·member of the family or a close friend). The form that you will use most for 'you' is maga (in address ing one person) or maguk (in addressing more than one person).

Immediately after maga and maguk, in the chart below, you will find ön and önök in parentheses to indicate that although ön and önök also mean 'you'-,-they

ar;-not used very much in conversation any more, except perhaps by the older genera-tion. The main distinction between maga and ön is that maga is less forrnal than ön: maga is the form employed in general conversati~n. The use of ön is limited to official and very forrnal speech. Both maga and on (and their plurals)

require the third person form of the verb.

From the chart of the Present Tense it will be seen that the third person singular has a 'zero' end ing. (that is, no ending) and that all the other persons have this third person 'stem' in common. We can thus consider the third person singular of the present tense as the base or 'root' of the Hungarian verb, to

which are added suffixes which show differences in person, and as we shall see later, in time and mood.

(rn the verbs below note that the vowels of the endinoQ in the three groups vary according to the rules of vowel harmony.)

Pronoun (Front)

Subject Back-vowel verb Front-vowel verb Rounded-vowel verb

, akarok beszélek ülök

en

te akarsz beszélsz ülsz

maga(ön) akar beszél ül

ó

akar beszél ül

mi akarunk beszélünk ulünk

t i akartok beszéltek ültök

maguk akarnak beszélnek ülnek

(önök)

ők akarnak beszélnek ülnek

Note: The familiar form of the second person singular of verbs whose root ends in s, sz or z terminates in ol, el or öl. Examples: olvasol, nézel, főzol,halc{szol.

30 HARMINC

SPOKEN

HUNGARIAN

Dans le document HUNGARIAN HUNGARIAN INSTITUTE INSTITUTE (Page 40-44)