Besoins en traduction et en interprétation dans les organisations

Compte tenu du profil et des langues de travail des organisations enquêtées (figures 6 et 7), les besoins en traduction ou en interprétation se manifestent dans 21 des 23 organisations qui constituent notre échantillon, comme le montre la figure 9.

20 5

7

Langues de travail des organisations

Figure 9 - Besoins en traduction et en interprétation

Il n’y a que deux organisations, à savoir la Nestlé Nigeria Plc et la TOTAL Nigeria Plc qui déclarent ne pas avoir des besoins en traduction ou en interprétation, car la langue officielle et l’unique langue dans laquelle elles font toutes leurs affaires est l’anglais. En effet, selon le répondant de Nestlé, il n’y a qu’une seule fois pendant plusieurs années que la société a organisé un évènement international durant lequel les services de traduction et d’interprétation (de l’anglais vers le français et vice versa) ont été sollicités. Quant à la TOTAL Nigeria Plc, aucun besoin de communication interlinguistique n’y est perçu. Chacune des autres 21 organisations confirme qu’ils ont des besoins en traduction ou en interprétation dans le cadre de leurs activités. À titre d’illustration, voici quelques-unes des réponses reçues lorsque la question leur a été posée à cet égard :

[…] if we just transmit in English, the people in Mali will not be able to get anything about us, the people in Niger, the people in North Africa, might not understand us. Since our vision is to become an international broadcast station of first choice for anybody that is interested in our story, we… have to broadcast in as many languages as are spoken on the African continent. (Répondante 1)

[…] the fellowship being bilingual, we have our various activities, that is, preachings, teachings, seminars, and different activities that we conduct in both French and English languages; which means that when something is done in one of the languages which is French for instance, it’s going to be interpreted into English and vice versa. (Répondant 2)

Because… of course, most of us especially in the Anglophone West African countries, we don’t understand and Oui 21 91 % Non 2 9 %

Besoins en traduction et en interprétation

presentations to be interpreted, just to facilitate the course. (Répondant 3)

[…] if it’s a bilingual institution where you have countries who are monolingual, officially monolingual coming to meet other countries who speak the other language, talking about French and English in the case of RECTAS or AFRIGISTS, so, there is need for interpretation, especially during our programs. We have meetings, we have governing council meetings, we always have to even hire the services of interpreters, that is… simultaneous interpreting and so on. So, there is need for translation and interpreting services. (Répondant 6)

Yes, there are needs, obviously because you have fifteen-member countries that come from different language backgrounds. If you look at it, first and foremost, we are African countries, meaning we have our different languages. So, obviously, because we have three different languages, it’s clear that we can’t do without multilingual communication, both oral and written, in whichever way you look at it, we still need the oral and the written forms of interlingual communication. (Répondante 7)

It is a responsibility for us in Mainframe to subtitle our films, not only in English but French and Portuguese. We are not even looking at the market because it’s a responsibility. That’s the sense of pride that we have. That is a duty that we must do […] The focus of my work is to make the movies … principally in my language and culture, and then subtitle them in European languages to share with the rest of the world.(Répondant 10)

There is need because without translation and interpretation, there will be no judgment, there will be no justice. So, to do justice, definitely, a litigant must understand the procedure and the process that is going on. So, there is no way he can understand this if translation and interpretation are not provided. (Répondant 15)

It’s simple. You need to engage in order to conduct foreign relations with other countries. And since others don’t… not all the countries speak English, like I said, not all the countries speak English, they speak… others speak Chinese… the five other languages I identified, you need to get officers that can speak those languages to be able to communicate. So, it’s as simple as that. We need it just for purposes of communication. (Répondant 20) Basically because of the audience, those who read the book and those who wish to access the book. Of course, in English, if it’s just in English, then we are restricted to those who can read English. But then, there are some people, a lot of people, who are French speaking, in French-speaking countries who can only read French. So, we need to translate it for them. There are also a lot of people who can only read in Yoruba or can only understand Yoruba, so we need to also translate it for them. By God’s grace, we would be doing more languages as the years go by. (Répondant 21)

The advantage of translation-interpretation in our organization is even key to the existence of the organization. It’s a fundamental requirement because our constitution clearly states that all communications in WATRA must be English and French because we have every country represented in the organization. So, it’s core. It’s not optional at the secretariat. (Répondant 22)

Par ailleurs, nous remarquons que la répartition des besoins en traduction et en interprétation n’est pas égale dans toutes les organisations. Autrement dit, ce n’est pas dans toutes les organisations que des besoins et en traduction et en interprétation sont présents en même temps. Il y en a qui font uniquement usage de la traduction tandis que d’autres font usage de l’interprétation. Au même moment, il y a des organisations qui font usage des deux dans le cadre de leurs activités. Dans le cas de nos sujets, 20 des 21 font usage à la fois de la traduction et de l’interprétation tandis qu’un seul, soit l’Open Heavens International Center, fait usage uniquement de la traduction et il n’y a aucun qui fait usage seulement de l’interprétation. La figure 10 nous fait voir la répartition en

termes de pourcentage.

Figure 10 - Besoins en traduction ou en interprétation

4.5.4 Fréquence de l’utilisation de la traduction et de l’interprétation dans les organisations