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ð‹öa§a@Ö‹“Ûbi@ïšbí‹Ûa@ÕíìnÛa@kîÛbc@ÉÓaë@òaŠ‡Û@òàçbß
@ @
ﺃ . ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺕﺎــﺘﺭﻤ
ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﻨﻤ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ :
ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺯﻼﺘ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻪﻝﺎﺠﻤ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻊﻤ
، ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ .
ﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺘ ﻲ
لﺎﺠﻵﺍ ﺏﺭﻗﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻴﺩﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻴﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﺤﻻﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ .
ـﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ >>
ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ <<
ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻠﺴﺘﻝ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺎﺒ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻁﺨ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ
ﺕﻠﻤﺸ ﻪﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻘﻤ ﺍﺩﺭﻓ 160
ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭ 3
ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ، ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﻲﻫ :
ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ • ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﻴﻌﺘ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤ
.
ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻫ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻡﻼﻋﻺﻝ • .
ﺔﺤﺠﺎﻨ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ • .
ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻸﻝ ﺔﺒﻏﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻋﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﻌﻀ • .
ﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﺎﺒﻗﺇ لﻐﺘﺴﺘ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ • لﻭﺒﻘﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨﻝ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺇ ﺭ
.
ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ :
ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ، ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ، ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ .
Contribution à l'étude de la réalité des méthode du marketing sportif à l'Est Algérien Etude descriptive dans les wilayas de Batna, Biskra et Constantine.
Résumé:
Le développement du marketing sportif et l'élargissement de son domaine rend la relation (sport- économie). Une relation qui se fait ensemble, et cela après que le sport devient une opération économique.
Le marketing sportif est l'un des méthodes qui doit contribuer à résoudre certain problème –surtout dont ce qui concerne la finance qui menacent le professionnalisme- dont nos pauvres clubs vont l'adopter dorénavant-
Pour cela notre étude " Contribution à l'étude de la réalité des méthodes du marketing sportif à l'Est Algérien " vient pour éclaire le réel de l'application des méthodes du marketing sportif à l'Est Algérien afin de planifier le marché des entreprises et des sociétés sponsors et des clubs aussi.
Notre travail s'est basé sur un questionnaire qui touche 160 personnes partagées en trois wilayas : Batna, Biskra et Constantine.
Les principaux résultats étaient:
- les lois actuelles n'aident pas à construire un marketing sportif à haut niveau
- les médias jouent un très important rôle dans la présentation du marketing sportif à la société algérienne.
- les méthodes du marketing sportif en Est ne sont pas efficaces.
- le soutien des sociétés et des entreprises sponsors n'est pas large.
- les entreprises et les sociétés ne font pas un marketing pour elles durant l'assistance du public dans les stades.
Les mots – clefs:
Le marketing, Le marketing sportif, Les méthodes du marketing sportif, l'Est algérien.
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﺤﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻝﻭ
1870
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺎﺠﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺨﺩﺃﻭ لﻭﺒﺴﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻋﻻ ﺭﻬﺸﻷ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﺒ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﺒ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ، ﺭﺌﺎﺠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤ ﺕﺩﺍﺯ ﻼﻌﻓﻭ ﺭﺌﺎﺠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻜﻷ ﺞﻴﻭﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤﻝ ﺞﻴﻭﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﺎ
.
ﺢﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻱﺫ لﺎﺠﻤﻜ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻪﻝ ﺏﺤﺼﺍﻭ .
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ﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻲﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻱﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺴ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺩﺩﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ
ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻼﻝ )
.(4:1
ﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﺍﺯﻴ ﻻ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ لﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻪﻝ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ
ﻲﻓ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﺤﻼﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻊﻤﻭ، ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻤﻀﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜﻝ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺞﻤﺩﻨﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ لﺠﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ )
-2010 (2011 ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺎﺒﺴﺎﻨﺘﻤﻭ ﺍﺩﺭﻁﻀﻤ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻙﺸ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﺭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻨﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺠ ﺏﻴﺼﻨ ﻙﺸ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﺴﻭ ﺎﻬﻗﺍﻭﺴﺃ .
ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻴﻫﺎﻨ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻋ ﻊﻓﺩﻭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻠﻝ ﺩﺒ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺎﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱ
لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭﺤﻨﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺸﻭ ﻊﻴﺒ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺘﺘﺴ ﻭﻘﺤﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺤﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﺭﺴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕ
ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘ .
ﺀﺎﺤﻨﺃ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻌﻁﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ﻓﺩ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ، ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺎﻁﺍﻭﺸﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﻤﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﻹ ﻲﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﻌ
ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ .
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻗ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﺽﺒﻨ ﺱﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺃ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻲﻫﺎﻤﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﻭﺭﺘﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻜ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌ
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺽﺭﻐﻝ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺤﻷﺎﺒ ﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺴ
.
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ
"
ﺔﺠﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻫ "
ﻭﺤﻨ ﻭﺒﺤﻴ لﺍﺯﺎﻤ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ )
(2
ﻤ ﺃﺩﺒﻨﺴﻭ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺭﻠﺘﻭﻜ ﺏﻴﻠﻴﻓﻭ ﻥﻭﺴﻠﻴﻭ ﻱﺭﺒﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻰﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﺎﻤ
: لﻜ لﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺎﺒ لﻫ
ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ ﻪﻨﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍﻭ ؟ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇﻭ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰ
) .(3
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ :
.1 ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺤ ﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ "
ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤ )
ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ (
- ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ -
ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ "
؟
.2 ﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻑﻴﻜ
؟ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎ
.3
؟ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝ ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻷﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ
.4
؟ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ
ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ :
.1 ﺎﻘﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺀ
ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺎﻏ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ .
.2 ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻗ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺴﻨﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺏﻭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ لﻬﺴﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ .
.3 ﻤﺩ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺞ
ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ .
.4 ﻑﻴﻌﻀﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ .
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ :
• ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ
.
• ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﻥﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ .
ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ :
-1 ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ :
ﻥﻭــﺘﻨﺎﺘﺴ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴ )
STANTON (
:
» لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﺘ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻭﻫ
ﺞﻴﻭﺭﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻌﺴﺘﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻘﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ
« ) (4 .
ﺭﻠﺘﻭﻜ ﺎﻤﺃ )
PHILIP KOTLAER (
ـﺒ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻓ :
» ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻭ ﻕﻠﺨ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺒﻏﺭ ﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﺒﺸﻴ
« ) (15 .
-2 ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﺭﻹ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻭ ﺞﻴﻭﺭﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻬﺸﺘ ﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺈﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘ
ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ )
(5 .
- 71 -
-3 ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ :
ﻻﻭﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺕ
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻤﻝﻭﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ :
1 ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻘﺤ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ -
2 ﻲﻨﻭﻴﺯﻔﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ -
3 ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻻﻭﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ -
4 ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ -
5 ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ -
6 ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ - )
(7
-4 ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ :
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻡﻀﺘ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸ ﻊﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﺔﻌﻗﺭ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ 15
.
ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ :
.1 ﺩ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ / ﻲﻠﻋ لﻀﺎﻓ لﺩﺎﻋ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻜ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻤﺴﻭ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺭﻋ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ 2007
ﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻥﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﻭ ؛ ﻲﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭ
ﻙﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ، ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺼﻭﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ .
ﻲﻨﻭﻴﺯﻔﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻘﺤ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺎﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍﻭ ﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ
).
(6
ﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ . ﺩ / ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﻤﻻﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ؛ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ 2008
ﻪﺒﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝ ﻡﺜ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺍﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗ
).
(7
.2 ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ 2003
"
ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ NICOS K et GREGORY P
ﺎﻨﻴﺜﺃ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﻓﺩﻫﻭ 2004
ﺽﻌﺒ ﺵﻗﺎﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻤﻝﻭﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﻝﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﻀﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺎﻌﻝﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﺩﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻨﻴﺜﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕ
).
(17
ﺏﺴﺎﻜﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻴﺜﺃ ﻥﺄﻓ ﻡﺌﻼﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺩﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻪﻨﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴ .
.3 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ NBROW ﻌﺒ 2003
ﻥﺍﻭﻨ
"
ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻓﺩﻫﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ
لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻭ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻠﻝ ﺞﻴﻭﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻠﻝ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﻝ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻠﻝ ﻡﻋﺍﺩﻜ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ
).
(16
.4 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ANTONIE BESDESTOM
ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ 2005
"
لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ "
ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﻠﻤﺘﺸﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻝ ﺕﻌﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻘﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸ 40
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺕﻌﻓﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭ 150000
ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 4 ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺎﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ 2005
ﻭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺨﺸ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 15 ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺹﺨﺸ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤ 2
champion ،
couchonou ﻭ
lénest ﻭ
ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺏﺴﺤ champion
ﻥﻴﺒﺎﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ 742000
ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 2 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﺤﻝ
ﻭ ﻥﻴﺘﻋﺎﺴ ـﺒ ﺕﻌﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻭﻨﻭﺸﻭﻜ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻭﻴﺯﻔﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ 22
%30 ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﻭ lénest
ـﺒ
%40
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ).
(18
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ :
.1 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ :
ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ
"
ﻲﺤﺴﻤﻝﺍ "
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ ﻪﺘﻤﺌﻼﻤﻝ .
.2 ﺘﺠﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ :
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻤﺸ :
ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻪﺒﺎﺸﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ
ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻻﺍ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﺯﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻗﻭﻝ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ .
ﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ لﻤﺘﺸﻴ ﺔﻀ
"
ﺔﻴﺌﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ "
ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ "
ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻭ ﻡﺩﻗ ﺓﺭﻜ "
ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻤﺸ ﺎﻤﻜ
"
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ
ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺍ . "...
.3 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ :
ﺓﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘ
"
ﺔﻴﺩﻤﻋ "
ﺎﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﺘﻵﺎﻜ ﺔﻋﺯﻭﻤ 160
:
• ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ 57 .
• ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ 67 "
ﺏﻋﻻ ﻭﺍ ﺏﺭﺩﻤ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ، ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻭﻀﻋ ، ﻱﺩﺎﻨ ﺱﻴﺌﺭ . "
• ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ 36 "
ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ .
ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ )
(1 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ
ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ
ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ
ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ
ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ
22 22
13 57
ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻷﺍ 20
27 20
67
- 72 -
ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ 12
12 12
36
ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ
54 61
45 160
.4 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ :
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ :
ﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ • ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﻥﺍﻭ ﻕﺒﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴ
ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﺍ • ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ • ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﻼﻤﺯﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ • ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ •
.5 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﺴﻷﺍ :
ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ : ﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺃ ﺭﺫﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻲﺘ
ﻥﻴﺒﺎﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ )
(0.72 ﻭ ) (0.97 ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭ )
(0.05 ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،
ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ) (0.97 ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﺘﺍﺫ ﻕﺩﺼ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﺘﻤﺘ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .
ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ : ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻪﺒﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﻗ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻭﺒﺴﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺓﺩﻤ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ
10
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﻭﺴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺕﺤﻭﺍﺭﺘ ﻭ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﺒ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺇ )
90.04 ( ﻭ ) 98.24 ( ﻭ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﻭﺴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺕﺤﻭﺍﺭﺘ )
94.98 ( ﻭ ) 99.38 ( ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭ ﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ )
(0.05 ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ ﻭ )
98.16 ( ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ .
.6 ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ :
ﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻠﻝ لﻭﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎ
ﺔﻐﻝﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺡﻭﻀﻭ ﺎﻴﻠﺠ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ؛ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺕﻴﻗﻭﺘ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺯﻭ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ـﺒ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ لﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻋﺯﻭﻤ ﺍﺩﺭﻓ 18
ﺭﻭﺤﻤ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ 6
ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻥﻤ .
.7 ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻨﻤﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﻕﺭﻁﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ )
/20 /12 (2009 ﻭ ) /20 /03 . (2010
.8 ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ
: ﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ، ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ
ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ، ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻭﺌﻤﻝﺍ
ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻭ )
test retest . (
.9 ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ :
لﻭﺩﺠ ) (2 ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﻻﻭﻝ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﺌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ )
ﻥ
= (45
ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺃ
ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺃ ﻻ
ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍ
ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ
% ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ
%
01 ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ
27 60
18 40
02 ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻻﺍ 26
57.77 19
42.23
03 ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ 25
55.55 20
44.45
04 ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ 24
53.33 21
46.67
05 ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ 23
51.11 22
48.89
06 ﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝ
23 51.11
22 48.49
07 ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ 22
48.89 23
55.11
08 ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ 19
42.23 26
57.77
ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ : ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺍ ﻥﻤ
- 73 -
لﻭﺩﺠ ) (3 ﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻻﻭﻝ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﺌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﺔﻨ
) ﻥ
= (61
ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺃ
ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺃ ﻻ
ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍ
ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ
% ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ
%
01 ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ
43 70.46
18 29.54
02 ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ 42
68.85 19
31.15
03 ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻻﺍ
42 68.85
19 31.15
04 ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ
40 65.57
21 34.43
05 ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ
40 65.57
21 34.43
06 ﻡﻼﻋﻻﺍ 38
62.29 23
37.71
07 ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ 32
52.45 29
47.55
08 ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻻﺍ
30 49.18
31 50.82
ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ : ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺍ ﻥﻤ
لﻭﺩﺠ
) (4 ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻴﻻﻭﻝ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﺌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ )
ﻥ = (54
ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺃ
ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺃ ﻻ
ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻻﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍ
ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ
% ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ
%
01 ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ
32 59.25
22 40.75
02 ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ 30
55.55 24
44.45
03 ﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍ
29 53.70
25 46.30
04 ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ 28
51.85 26
48.15
05 ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ 25
46.29 29
53.71
06 ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻻﺍ 25
46.29 29
53.71
07 ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ 24
44.45 30
55.55
08 ﻡﻼﻋﻻﺍ 22
40.74 32
59.26
ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ : ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ
.10 ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ :
ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻡﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻀﺭﻋ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﻗﺎﻋﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺍﻭ ﻱﻭﻗﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻱﺭﺌ
ﻲﺘﻵﺎﻜ :
.1 ﻡﻗﺭ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺩﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ
"
"2 ﻡﻗﺭ ﻭ
"
"3 ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻥﺇ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﻲﺘﻴﻻﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻼﻤﺤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ، ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻗﺎﻋﺇ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻭﻫ
"
ﻲﻠﺒﺠﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺸﺍ )"
(11 ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺘ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘ ﺔﺠﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ؛ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺨ
) (2 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻷﺍ .
.2 لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ
"
"4 ﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﺎﺤﻭ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﻴﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻜﻷﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻴﻻﻭﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻲﻠ
ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ .
ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺠﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻀﺘﻴ ﻥﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﺴ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ ؛ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ
ﺢﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺭ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺭﺒﻜﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻠﻝ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ .
.3 لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺭﻭﺍ
"
"،2
"
"،3
"
"4 ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﺔﻗﺎﻋﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﻗﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻥﺎﻓ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻔﺘﺘﻭ ، ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ
"
ﺯﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﺍ )"
(14 ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃ
ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﻘﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻷﺎﺒ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺏﺎﻌﻝﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻭ .
.4 لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ
"
"4 ﺭﻭﺩ ﻡﻼﻋﻺﻝ ﻥﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻴﻻﻭﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﻴ
"
ﺩﻴﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﺩﻝﺎﺨ )"
(12 ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻸﻝ ﺞﻴﻭﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻡﻼﻋﻺﻝ ﻥﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ .
- 74 -
ﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﻭﺄﻓ ؛ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻊﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴ - ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝ
ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﺘﻭ ﺯﻔﺤﺘ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘ ﻭﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻠﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ "
ﻡﺼﺨﻜ
ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻋﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ
"
ﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﻤﺘ ﻭﺍ ﺩﺤﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻀﻗ ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤ ﻭﺍ لﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻗﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺏﺒﺴﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻁﺨﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻓﻭﺨ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ .
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﺌﺎﺴﻭ لﻜﺒ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ "
، ﻥﻭﻴﺯﻔﻠﺘ ، ﻭﻴﺩﺍﺭ ، ﻑﺤﺼ "....
ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﺔﻗﺎﻋﺇ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ لﻗﺄﻜ
ﺍ ﻥﻻ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺩﺤﺄﻜ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺩﻝ
.
ﺕﺎﺼﻼﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ-11 :
ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﺼﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ :
• ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻡﺩﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻌﻀ .
• ﺔﻴﺌﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺼﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ .
• ﻠﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﺯ
.
• ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻤ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ .
ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﺼﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ • :
ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻻ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ • .
ﺎﻴﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻱﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﺎﺒﻗﻹﺍ لﻐﺘﺴﺘ ﻻ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ • ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝ ﺕ
.
ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺩﻠﻝ لﺜﻤﺍ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻻ • ﻕﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭ ﻑﻌﻀ • .
ﺯﺎﺘﻤﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ • .
ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﺼﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ :
• لﻐﺘﺴﺘ ﻻﻭ ﻡﻝ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﻜ ﻥﺴﺤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ
.
ﻯﺭﺨﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺒﺭﻠﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ • .
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﺘﺤ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ • .
ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨ ﻑﺭﺼﻴ ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ • .
ﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺍ • ﻡﻭﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭﻫﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺓﺭﺭﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻰﻠ
ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻﺍ-12 :
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﺼﻭﺘ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ :
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺫﺨﺍ • :
ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ • ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻉﺭﺴﺄﺒ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺽﺭﻔﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ
.
ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ، ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﻁﻁﺨ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘ • .
ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﻌﺘﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺭﺒﻜﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻴﻜﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ • ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ .
ﻤﻌﻝ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﺍ • ﻲﻌﻤﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻭ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒﻻ ﺍﺫﻝ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠ
ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺕﺎﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ .
• ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺞﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻫﺎﻅﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺘﻠﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ .
• ﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻲﺼﻭﻨ ﻲﻀ
.
ﻊـــــــــﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـــــﻤﺌﺎﻗ :
ﺃ - ﺔـــﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔــﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ :
-1 لﻴﻠﺨ ﻲﻜﺯ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ )
(1982 : ﺢﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ -
ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ –
ﺔــﻴﻠﻜ
ﺎﻬﻨﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ -
ﻕﻴﺯﺎﻗﺯﻝﺍ ﺔــــــﻌﻤﺎﺠ –
ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ .
-2 ﻯﺩــﻫ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ )
ﺱﺭﺎﻤ (2000 : ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﺒ
- ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨﻝﺍ -
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ
ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔــــﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ .
-3 ﺏﻴﻠﻓ ﺭﻠﺘﻭﻜ،ﻱﺭﺘﻭﺃ ﻥﻭﺴﻠﻴﻭ )
(1992 : ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ -
ﺏﺍﺭﻋ ﻥـﻴﻔﻴﻨ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ -
ﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭـﻫﺎـــﻘﻝﺍ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ .
- 75 -
-4 ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ -
ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ (
ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ -
ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ - 05
. 1995
-5 ﻱﻭﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺼﻋ )
(2001 : ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ )
ﻁ (1 ﺓﺭـﻫﺎــﻘﻝﺍ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ .
-6 لﻀﺎﻓ لﺩﺎﻋ -
ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ -
ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ )
ﻥﺎﺴﻴﻨ (2007
-7 ﺃ.
، ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻤ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ
) .(2008
-8 ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ،ﻱﺭــﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ -
ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ - ﺩﻭﻌﺴ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ 2007
-9 ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻤﻝﻭﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺌﺭ ،ﻱﺭـﻓﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺤ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴ -
ﻭﺩﻨ ﺏﻴﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺌﺭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺹ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺓ
-11 ﻁﻘﺴﻤ
/27 لﻴﺭﻓﺍ 28 .1993
-10 ﻱﺩﻤﺤ ﻥــﺴﺤ -
ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨ،ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ –
ﺓﺭـــﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ -
/1 ﺱﻁﺴﻏﺃ 10 .1997
-11 ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ، ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ، ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻑﺭﺸﺃ ﻲﻠﺒﺠﻌﻝﺍ
ﺠ ، ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ،
ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻠﺤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎ )
(1999
-12 ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ، ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ، ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ، ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﺩﻝﺎﺨ ﺩﻴﻌﺴﻝﺍ
ﻥﺍﻭﻠﺤ ) . (2004
-13 ﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ، ﺔﻴﺅﺒﻨﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ، ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﺼﺨﺼﺨﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ، ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﺴ ، ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ
ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻠﺤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ )
. (2004
-14 ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻠﺤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، ﻥﻴﻨﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘ ، ﺯﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﺃ ﻡﻴﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ )
. (1996
ﺏ ﺔــــﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺔــﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ- :
15- Philip Kotler, Bremond Dubois, marketing management, puplic union paris, sem edition 1994.
16-Brawn Lisa, Karen et al, internet marketing possibilities of within the smal enterprises – university of surrey UK.2003.
17- Nicos K & Gregory pet: city and sport marketing strategy the case of Athens 2004: sport journal of journal VO16-N02,2003
18- Anatonie Destombes, le sponsoring sportif, une opportunité de communication pour les entreprises 2005.
