~ 0 1 0 ~n;)j7F 2 ' iz?

£11~6

V) 3$Or NVS 69ZIN* IS

OIT

~ 0 1 0 ~n;)j7F 2 ' iz?

' S£969£f9 1 J3S SlVJI00I~3d ^•

.

SAN JOSE PU BLIC LIBRARY

November, 1969

Vol. 18, No. 12

CDI •• ~uters

and automation

...

Computer A ffects Football Strategies

•

If your office isn't ^~xactly surrounded by good I(eyboard operators,

we can train as many as you need.

We specialize in increasing the productivity and accuracy of computer input equipment operators - experienced employees as well as new operators.

For example, when the Book- of-the-Month Club moved its offices to Camp Hill, Pa., they discovered there weren't enough keypunch operators available. So they called us in. And we trained the operators they nee?.~ e.a . from scratch. In just three ~ weeks.

~ For Interdata Designate No. 40 on

I

R.ad., S ... k.

c.J

I

We increase the productivity and accuracy of existing operators, too. We do it by reducing operator errors by 50% to 80%. And by increasing speed from 15% to 40% with corresponding expense

savings. .

Computerworld concluded, in an independent study, that. the average increase in operator productivity is 22%.

So it's no wonder that top Fortune companies like AT&T and Mobil Oil use our services. So do 4 of the top 5 banks listed by Fortune. And 8 of the 10 leading insurance companies.

We train for whatever type of keyboard-operated equipment you have. Keypunch, magnetic tape, typewriting, CRT, calculating, etc.

How we do

Where we do it.

KTI is unique. We do not operate schools or conduct classes in the usual sense. We work only with employers.

KTI trains on-the-job or off-the-job. Our professional instructor will work with your operators on your own equipment and primarily on your own documents.

What it costs.

The amount varies. But savings in the first year usually exceed five times the investment.

So the service pays for itself in 9-13 weeks.

Free consultation or appraisal.

For a free consultation about KTI, or a brief appraisal of your present operators, write or call us.

·"11 can have as many great uerators as you need.

,here you're located.

aining InCOPDOr81edID

ke your operators as your eqUipment.

w York, N.Y.10017. (212) 889-2430.

I

617) 742-3522. Chicago (312) 298-4170.

4431. Detroit (313) 352-1133.

309. Los Angeles (213) 386-5650.

IA2-8651.SanFrancisco (415) 883-6631.

12) 638-3890. Toronto (416) 225-2535.

Letters To The Editor

Seeks Computer Art

We are refurbishing portions of the space in which we have terminals in- stalled. We'd very much like the space to avoid the institutional look that is so distressingly and depressingly preva- lent. One decorating idea under con- sideration is using "computer-gener- ated" art. I am writing to inquire, therefore, how I might obtain enlarge- ments of some of the works submitted as entries in your most recent art contest (featured in the August, 1969 issue).

ROBERT M. GORDON Director

Interactive Computing Facility Univ. of Cab!, Irvine

Irvine, Calif. 92664

Ed. Note-We do not have any reproduc- tions of the computer art features in our August, 1969 issue, and we are not planning to produce any. You may request permis- sion from us to make copies, full size or larger. Or you may want to write directly to the artists themselves to see if they have any

Man-Computer Interactive

Systems

Airlift Center of the World LOCKHEED-GEORGIA

A Division of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

works you might obtain. Their addresses are given on page 32 of the August issue.

Right Answers

I just finished reading your article entitled "Right Answers-A Short Guide for Obtaining Them" in your September issue (page 20). I was im- pressed! It appears to me that you have done some excellent thinking. I am glad you are writing a book. I want to get on the I ist of persons to be notified when your book becomes available. I am therefore enclosing two self-addressed post cards which you can put in your files for the big day.

(The Dallas card is my parents' ad- dress-one can never tell where one is going to be in an industry as dynamic as ours; my specialty is software docu- mentation.)

Keep up the good work.

BOB PARKINSON 1259 Parkington Sunnyvale, Calif. 94087

Lockheed is continuing to expand its efforts in interactive systems and has immediate openings in its research laboratory.

The company is a leader in research, development and implementation of computer- aided design, computer graphics and man-computer interactive systems.

Positions are available in design and research in inter- active computer and data management systems. Six years programming experience with a bachelor's degree or three years' programming experience with an advanced degree is required. Knowledge of digital computer executive systems and interactive computing is desirable.

If you are interested in expanding your career in this field and would like to join in some very interesting work, write U. D. McDonald,

Employment Manager, Lockheed-Georgia Company, Dept. 8211,2363 Kingston Court S.E:, Marietta, Georgia 30060. Lockheed is an equal opportunity employer.

Designate No. 32 on Reader Service Card

Editor Edmund C. Berkeley

Associate Editor Sharry langdale Assistant Editors Moses M. Berlin linda ladd lovett Neil D. Macdonald Software Editor Stewart B. Nelson Advertising Director Bernard lane Art Directors Ray W. Hass Daniel T. Langdale Contributing Editors John Bennett Andrew D. Booth John W. Carr III Ned Chapin Alston S. Householder Peter Kugel Leslie Mezei Rod E. Packer Ted Schoeters /ldz'iJory Committee T. E. Cheatham, Jr.

James J. Cryan Richard W. Hamming Alston S. Householder Victor Paschkis Fulfillment Manager William J. McMillan

Adl^Jertising Representatives

BOSTON 02116, Philip E. Nutting 1127 Statler Office Bldg., 617-542-7720 CHICAGO 60611, Cole, Mason, and Deming 221 N. LaSalle St., Room 856, 312-641-1253 NEW YORK 10018, Bernard Lane 37 West 39 St., 212-279-7281 PASADENA, CALIF. 91105, Douglas C. Lance 562 Bellefontaine St., 213-682-1464 ELSEWHERE, The Publisher Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.

815 Washington St., 617-332-5453 Newtonville, Mass. 02160

Editorial Offices

BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC.

815 WASHINGTON STREET, NEWTONVILLE, MASS. 02160

CIRCULATION AUDITED BY AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATIONS

Computers and Automation is published 13 times a year (12 monthly issues plus an annual directory issue published in June) at 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Subscription rates: United States, $18.50 for 1 year, $36.00 for 2 years, including annual di·

rectory issue - $9.50 for 1 year, $18.00 for two years without annual directory; Canada, add 50¢

a ye·ar for postage; Foreign, add $3.50 a year for postage. Address all U.S. subscription mail to: Berke·

ley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160. Second Class Postage paid at Boston, Mass.

Postmaster: Please send all forms 3579 to Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washington St., Newtonville Mass. 02160. <D Copyright, 1969, by Berkeley Enter:

prises, Inc.

Change of address: If your address changes, please send us both your new address and your old address (as it appears on the magazine address imprint), and allow three· weeks for the change to be made.

Vol. 18, No. 12 - November, 1969 The magazine of the design, applications, and implications of information processing systems.

Articles

24 APL: A PERSPICUOUS LANGUAGE

by Garth H. Foster

A description of the general characteristics (and an extensive bibliography) of APL (A Programming Language - and the reasons it is creating so much excitement in environ- ments with computer systems based on interactive term ina Is.

30 MOTION PICTURE ANIMATION BY COMPUTER

by Stephen A. Kallis, Jr.

How the seemingly unlikely marriage of the computer industry and the motion picture industry is solving the technical problems of producing animated films.

36 AN ADVANCED MANUFACTURING CONTROL SYSTEM STABILIZES INVENTORY AND EMPLOYMENT COSTS

by Paul J. Miller

A case history of how the idea that "a number of profitable uses could be found for a computer" created an effective management information system out of a typical data processing base.

41 A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO WORKABLE DATA PROCESSING CONTROLS

by Troy J. Smith

A practical way to establish and maintain effective internal controls in the areas of:

input; processing; bursting, decollating and binding; and the distribution of reports.

44 AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS - PHYSICAL INSTALLATION CONSIDERA TIONS

by Alan L. Weiser

A detailed outline of how to plan and prepare for the physical environment of a data processing system.

Regular Features

Editorial

8 Information Engineering and the Curriculum of the Future, by Edmund C. Berkeley

Ideas: Spotlight

18 The rules for choosing among these courses of action have been known for a long time, but the calculations are laborious . _ . , by Frederic G. Withington

C& A Worldwide

50 Report from Great Britain, by Ted Schoeters

Jobs and Careers in Data Processing

53 People and Computers - Part 2, by the Right Honourable Lord Robens

Multi-Access Forum

13 "The Anti-Ballistic- Missile System Called 'Safeguard' and the Social Responsibilities of Com- puter People" - Discussion, by T. H. Maguire, Jr. and the Editor

13 "How Much Should an Educated Man - and a Top Manager - Know About Computers?"- More Comment, by Jeremy Myer

14 Computer People and Their Social Responsibilities, by John Mcleod and the Editor 15

·16 18

Information Industry Association (JlA) Proposes Changes in the Congressional Bill to Create a National Commission on the Impact of the Computer on Copyright Concepts

"The Power of the Press to Redress a Grievance" - Discussion, by Louis H. Ray and the Editor Computer Systems Available for Qualified Institutions that Train Electromechanical Technicians,

by Douglas M. Fellows

22 Who's Who in Computers and Data Processing - Entries COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for November, 1969

The front cover picture shows Terry Mallett~ a foot- ball coach at Kent State Uni- versity~ and his players re- viewing a computer printout from the school~s computer.

Kent is using the computer to analyze game strategy in hopes of improving on their last year~s record of 1 win and 9 losses. For more infor-

mation~ see page 59.

Departments

56 Across the Editor's Desk - Com- puting and Data Processing Newsletter

74 Advertising Index 11 As We Go to Press 34 Book Reviews

51 Calendar of Coming Events 74 Classified Advertisements

4 Letters to the Editor 71 Monthly Computer Census 69 New Contracts

70 New Installations 52 Numbles

by Neil Macdonald 49 Problem Corner

by Walter Penney, CDP

5

You're looking at output

from the first great product

byPath.

A new non-impact communications and computer printer that's so unique it makes

other high-speed printers old fashioned.

Our first

the Path 1200.

Which works on a new but rela- tively simple electronic-optical technique. And does away with the things that cause trouble in other printers. Like ion guns, ink deflectors, cathode ray tubes and special paper in non- impact printers. And the hun-

dreds of mechanical parts in impact printers.

New Reliability

The Path 1200 is simple, light- weight and compact. Over 80% of its parts are electronic. And the few mechanical parts are simple rotational drive mechan- isms.

Speed and Quality

It's fast. Producing single copy output at 1200 lines per minute.

The text you're reading now is

our output. Enough said?

Quietness.

The Path 1200 is virtually noise- less. In fact, we've built a pleasant "hum" into i t just so you can tell when i t ' s turned on.

New Economy

Because of its unique advanced design, the Path 1200 costs much less to buy than other printers.

And much less to run. On the av- erage, about 75% less to buy.

And, while other printers cost

$30 to $75 a line, ours costs $6.

So why put up with old fashioned, noisy, unreliable printers when you can own the Path 1200 for

less? For more information write:

Path, 20 Beckley Ave., Stamford, Conn. 06901. Or phone:(203) 348-

4245. Or you can see the Path 1200 at the FJCC - Booth 8601/2.

We find new ways to apply whats already known.

Designate No. 14 on Reader Service Card

EDITORIAL

Information Engineering and the Curriculum of the Future

According to an old joke, the specialist is a man who knows more and more about less and less until he knows everything about nothing, and the generalist is one who knows less and less about more and more until he knows nothing about everything. As the information explosion proceeds, will all of us in the computer field wind up in one or the other direction? or is there some more useful direction in which information engineering and the curric- ulum of courses in high school and college will - or should -'proceed?

As the centuries pass, great changes take place in the knowledge which is taught in schools. What determines the content of high school and college courses? How should this content develop over the next' fifty or hundred years for maximum utility to mankind? Reading, writing, and arithmetic will certainly remain - but what about the rest?

Forty-five years ago when I was in preparatory school at Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H., there was a course in solid geometry offered for seniors in high school; I took it and found it interesting. But there was no course in probability and statistics, a mathematical subject of far more importance in the world of human affairs. Almost all that I learned of probability and statistics I have picked up here and there since finishing what is called my "formal education" .

Naturally there was no course in computers and data processing. Nevertheless, "mathematical machines", fire- control devices, desk calculators, punch card machines, cash registers and many other kinds of machines for handling information and making calculations did great quantities of important and useful work in the world outside school. But I was almost unaware of this until I reported for my first job as a clerk in the actuarial department of the Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York. Why had not high school and college taught me even a little about these non-sequence- controlled computers?

What is taught in high school and college is very largely determined by fashion, precedent, and what the older members of the teaching faculties happen to know, and often bears an inadequate relation to all that young people need-and want-to learn. What is taught is also critically influenced by (1) what the establishment, the ruling classes, the governing party, the bureaucracy, of the nation want or need to have taught, and (2) what the local community in its basic provincialism thinks should be taught. Thus the information taught is often inadequately related to the urgent problems of the real world. And many students who have good minds and enjoy learning find it easy and rewarding to become personally and emotionally involved in the subjects which they learn, and to accept without too much criticism many of the biases and myths which they are taught. So they quickly become part of the establish- ment and prolong the lack of adaptation.

From time to time, however, defeats in war, failures in competition, the spectacular rise of new technologies, and

other revolutionary events occur .. A good example for the United States was Sputnik in October 1957, the first artificial earth satellite, launched by the U.S.S.R. Then the fabric of learning and teaching stretches or tears, accommo- dates into the curriculum new subjects that need to be taught, and starts to congeal once more.

If we could look with imagination and foresight into the future, what would we see for the new courses in high school and college which almost all educated persons would want and need to learn? In comparison, a great deal of what we are taught today would seem as old-fashioned, mis- placed, and provincial as the courses at Harvard University in the early 1800's wh lch consisted thee-quarters of Protes- tant theology.

It seems to me that the largest single need in formal education is a need for truth - a need to escape from bias, one-sidedness, myths, failure to be cosmopolitan and broad-minded, pressure to' be provincial and narrow- minded.

Take the sentence "Columbus discovered America in 1492". Well, Columbus did not discover America in 1492:

the island he attained and thought was America was San Salvador in the Caribbean; European voyagers'for over 400 years had visited the coasts of continental America and traveled inland; very large numbers of human beings were in North and South America before Columbus' voyage; etc.

A tremendous amount of falsehood and provincialism is packed into that one sentence.

For human beings to become well-informed, broad- mi nded, and cosmopol itan, here are five cou rses that I would like to see conspicuous in the new curriculum of the future:

1. Man in Perspective. The planets and satell ites of the solar system, and their comparison. The nature and bi- ography of the Earth. Life and its environments on the earth. Structure of societies in insects, birds, animals, and man. The behavior of apes and monkeys. Other societies, cultures, languages, economic systems, technologies of ma- chines and information, etc., contrasted with present civilized varieties. The long broad view of man, An attempt to escape from the provincialism of one time and one place.

2. The Engineering of Better Societies. Measurements and parameters of human societies and civil izations. The nature and origin of important characteristics of societies.

The economic nature of societies. Ruling classes and ruled classes. Systems of control over ruled classes. The power and influence of computers, data processing, and informa- tion. "1984" by George Orwell. The changing and improve- ment of societies and systems, and techniques therefor.

3. Human Survival. Human beings and the environment.

Famine. Disease. War. Nuclear weapons. Chemical, bac- terial, and radiological warfare. Genocide. Armament sys- tems. The nature and sources of war and peace. The

(Please turn to page ^{10 )}

You've got the best computer for the job . ..

Why not buy the

best plotting system?

Used in a time sharing mode, the PTC-3 Plotter/Teletypewriter

Controller linked to the DP-1 Digital Plotter provides 11" wide reproducible graphs, charts, and drawings at a remote location- direct from the computer.

PTC-3 $5250.

DP-1 $3550.

Offline plotting in addition to computer I/O capability The MTR-9 is a superior system offering faster plotting yet uses less computer time. New END- STEPtm MODE software reduces computer time and tape lengths by 10:1. Operates with any speed incremental plotter. Has high speed search with block selection. 7 or 9 track IBM format. Operates with the

DP-1, DP-S or DP-3 22" wide, 300 increment per second plotter.

(g

(W

~ [S@)'lr.

with me!

DP-5 $11,000.

o?

c/

o

No special programs required. Step size is factory set at .OOS" or .002S".

Offline plotting is now an economic reality ?

with the MTR-1 L.:Magnetic Tape R~ac;fer. Shown with the DP-'+;' it also operates with the DP-3 and DP-5

~Yters to form a complete offline system. The MTR-1 accepts IBM compatible tapes.

[fo@(1[]~~@O=O I

Ins'trumen't

4 9 5 0 T E R M I N A L A V E N U E . B E L L A I R E . T E X A S 7 7 4 0 1

( 7 1 3 1 B B 7 7 4 0 3 C A B L E HOI NCO

MTR-9 $21,000. DP-3 $6,400.

Designate No. 34 on Reader Service Card

~~.

.~.

.~.

@]@]~

METROPROCESSING CORPORATION

OF AMERICA

..

64 PROSPECT STREET WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.10606

(914) WH 9-0890 Designate No. 33 on 'Reader Service Card

EDITORIAL

(Continued from page 8 )

segments of society that profit from war, and those that profit from peace. Disarmament systems. The growth of human populations, and pollution. Systems for the survival of humanity and the control of the environment. World- wide organizations. The role of information engineering.

4. General Language. The scientific study of language.

The nature, development and origin of natural language.

The relation of language to symbolic techniques permitting calculation, such as mathematics, symbolic logic, and com- puter programming. Words, meanings, and contexts. The different organization of thinking accomplished by the languages of different societies. Control over the develop- ment and greater usefulness of language, both for men and machines.

5. Truth, Bias, and Lies. The multiple nature of truth.

Problem solving. Logical fallacies, particularly the fallacies of neglected aspect. The philosophy of science. Fashion, myth, bias, lies, and how to determine them and deal with them. Experimentation and its limits. Experience and its limits. The nature of common sense and of wisdom. The technology for handling information, avoiding mistakes, and determining truth.

Editor

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, IrO~:::":i~~ :~~, ';;'~.:.:~;;:. 0' 'hi': I ,_ ... .

MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION .o .. m ... ' Com"", ..,,,,,,ioo ... _ ... - • . , . (A(I of Oaobt, 11. 1961: SUI;DH 4J69. rill, .t9. UII;I,J St"t,s Cod'; on pale 1

lIonthly

• lOCATION Of KNOWN OffiCE Of PUlUCATtON (5,,",. (i". It . . " " . J"'" lIP I.il#)

815 Washington St., Newtonville, IIA 02160

S lOCATION Of THE H(AOQUAHfU Oft GfHUAl IU$INESS OffiCES Of THE 'UILI$HUS ("01 pmfltrl}

815 Washington St., Newtonville, IIA 02160

6. NAMES AND ADDRESSES Of rlJBlISHU:, EDITOR, AND MANAGING EDITOR

Berkeley Enterprises, Inc •• 815 Washington St., Newtonville, IIA 02160

fDiTOI r,.;""" ."J .. ./tlrruJ

Edmund C. Berkeley, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160

MANAGING fDiTOI: (N • • , ."J "tllI,,..)

Edmund C. Berkeley, 815 Washington St., Newtonville IIA 02160

1. OWNER (1/ .ullud"l " CO,./nH·.,io". ils 11.111' .,,,I.JJ,,ss 11111.' b, J/.t,J ."J .1J0 illllll,Ji."I, th''',II"J,,, lIlt ".111'1 ."J .J.

:~i~::r;;,~;:1:iii~~'i£~::;:~::~2J~~.:lf::~t if ~:~:~j~;o~·~:;;::,,~~,1 ::~:b,,,I!,,";::o~;o~~~'':!fi~:'~''f,:'':~::'

::j

I 815 W •• hinnton St. N~ .. t 'nvlll~ U4 n?,/'n

B. K.NOWN BONDHOLDERS, MORTGAGEES, AND OTHER SECURITY HOLDERS OWNING OR HOLDING I PERCENT OR MORE Of TOTAL AMOUNT Of tONDS, MORTGAGES OR OTHU SECURITIES (If th,,,, II'" "0"', 10 JIll")

NON ..

9. fOR COMPLETION tY NONPROfIT ORGANIZATIONS AUTHORIZED TO MAIL AT SPEOAL RATES (S,clio" '31.111, PoJl.1 "'.,,11.1) (ClHd •• f)

::;~=~::':~J~~~t~.:-m~~~t:::'~Pf:~fi;.~::~~ i:~::': :; ⁰ ~~r~£:.:~:~"~·~

2

I. '''10 CIICUL"TlON

I. SALES THlOUGH DE"LUS "NO C".IIUS, STiEfT VENOOIS "NO COUNTEI SALES

o fiEf DISTlIIUTION (i.".t/i., ^{I • • plfl)} IV MAIL, CAHIU 01 OTHU MfANS f. TOTAl. DISTlliurlON (5 • • • / C •• J DJ

I'OD'_ 3526 Moy 196'

"VEI"GE NO. CO'IES.

E"CH ISSUE DUliNG nECEDING llMONTHS

20,509

16,905 16,905 1,242 18,147 2,362 20,509

"CTUAl. HUMIU OF COI'tES OF SIHGUi' ISSUf'UlllSHED NE"lfST TO FILING DAU

18,900

16,977 16,977 650 17,627 1,273 18,900

AS WE GO TO PRESS

THE AIR FORCE IS EXPECTED TO PLACE TWO GIANT ORDERS FOR COMPUTERS TOTALLING $750 MILLION BY THE END OF THE YEAR. The contracts are for the Worldwide Mil- itary Command and Control System ($500 million) and the data processing facilities of the Air Force Logistics Command ($250 million). IBM, Honeywell, General Electric, RCA, Control Data, and Burroughs are the main contenders for the contracts. But they may meet with some political opposition from some Dept. of Defense officials and Congressmen who want to divide up the contracts so that a single company does not benefit. Air Force officials re- portedly feel it is to their benefit to buy all of their oomputers at the same store. The resolution of this conflict could have far-reaching implica- tions encompassing the whole controversial area of military-industrial contracts.

NATIONAL CASH REGISTER (NCR) AND XEROX DATA SYSTEMS (XDS) HAVE ANNOUNCED CHANGES IN THEIR PRICING STRUC- TURES. NCR has placed itself in the "partially un- bundled" category with an announcement that the company will continue to supply "certain essentia.l and predetermined systems support, educational as- sistance and software without extra charge", but will establish separate prices for additional serv- ices required above "that basic level". XDS (for- merly SDS) has selectively adjusted prices and lowered some rental rates, and has expanded its previously limited policy of charging separately for hardware and software. Largest price reductions will be on systems with large memory configurations, and those requiring multiple magnetic tape units.

Price adjustments and changes in structure will be effective Jan. I, 1970.

The above announcements -- together with Control Data's recent release of the details of the unbun- dling announcement that company made last month complete the circle of examinations of pricing s truc tures by the maj or computer manufacturers which began with IBM's unbundling last June.

NEW GUIDELINES FOR OBTAINING SOFTWARE PATENTS HAVE BEEN ISSUED BY THE U.S. PATENT OFFICE. Commission- er of Patents William E. Schuyler has announced that, as the result of recent court cases, patent applications for software will now be considered

"on the basis of the merits of the specific inven- tions sought to be protected". Previously the Patent Office had discouraged applications for soft- ware patents by requiring that software be "repre- sented as hardware" before patent protection could be provided.

A NEW WORLD-WIDE ORGANIZATION HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED BY HONEYWELL INC. To handle Honeywell computer activities in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, South East Asia and Africa -- and to support computer operations in Canada, Australia and Japan.

The new International Computer and Communications Div. will have headquarters in Wellesley, Mass.

Honeywell followed the announcement of its new divi- sion, with several key personnel changes, including the promotion of Charles L. Davis and Edson W.

Spencer to executive vice presidencies. In these newly created positions, Davis and Spencer will

"share the operating responsibilities for the entire company" with Honeywell President Stephen F. Keating.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for November, 1969

When have the you need to know ... you need to know now

That's what we thought at Oi/ An - so we designed a strip printer for use where the information can be best utilized - whenever you want to refer to it. It could be in a business or brokerage office, or per- haps at a nurse's station in a hospital ... in fact, any place where a receive-only terminal is the answer to a communications problem.

The quiet operation of this unit and its modern com- pact size make it pleasingly compatible with today's office equipment, and it features built-in illumination - and an easily readable tape with full message visibility.

Oi/An's newest unit will accept either ASCII or Teletype Baudot Codes and prints a full (63) alpha- numeric character set at up to 20 characters/second, 10 characters to the inch - in a new highly legible

Va -inch-high character. .

Need to know more - or want to discuss product ap- plications? Write - Robert Gillett, Standard Products Manager or call him at (617) 288-7700 and ask for bulletin SP-2 ... It will tell you all you need to know.

@§J £1 t!!:h'!.er~~~!~.~!~~~~~·

Phone: (617) 288-7700 TWX: 710-333-0174

Designate No. 9 on Reader Service Card

See us at FlCC Booth #3900 and

NEREM Booths IG61, IH12. ¹¹

Plan to attend Compso.

The first regional computer software and peripherals

shows and conferences.

Three COMPSO Regional Shows

The COMPSO Regional Shows and Confer- ences will be held in New York (New York Hilton -January 19-21, 1970), Chicago (Palmer House -February 17-19, 1970l and Los Angeles. (Ana·

heim Convention Center-April 7-9, 1970l.

For Management men concerned with effi·

cient data processing operations, COMPSO will provide the latest information on equipment, software and services.

Management men not yet realizing the ben- efits of data processing will find up-to-the-min- ute developments on software, time sharing, data communications, small computers and other computer equipment and services displayed at COMPSO.

COMPSO offers Data Processing profession- als a convenient way to learn about a broad range of new products and services.

Plan to attend the COMPSO show and. sem- inars in your area. There's no charge for admis- sion to the exhibits if you pre-register. Send in the handy pre-registration form today and your badge will be waiting at the door.

COMPSO·East Seminars

Topics of current interest to both Manage- ment men and Data Processing professionals will be discussed in seminars being presented each day at the COMPSO shows.

1. January 19-Morning (Management) What Data Processing Standards Mean to the Computer User

Speaker: Dr. Herbert R. J. Grosch, Director Center for Computer Sciences, National Bureau of Standards

2. January 19-Afternoon (Technical) Data Communications

Speaker: Reed Manning, Senior Vice President for Technology, Rixon Electronics

3. January 20-Morning (Technical) Pros and Cons of Using High Level Languages Speaker: Dr. G. M. Hopper, U.S. Navy

on leave from Univac

4. January 20-Afternoon (Management) Management Information Systems-A Manage·

ment View

Speaker: AI Suter, Vice President Lester B. Knight and Associates, Inc.

5. January 21-Morning (Management) EDP for Smaller Businesses

Speaker: Frederick H. Lutter, President Lutter & Helstrom, Inc.

6. Janaury 21-Afternoon (General) Computer Stocks: Investment and Speculation Speaker: Charles J. Sippi, President Computer Research Bureau

Seminar rates are $7.50 per session, $35.00 for all six sessions. However, by filling out the seminar section of this pre-registration form and mailing it with your check, you pay only

$5.00 per session, $25.00 for all six.

Partial list of Exhibitors

Access Systems, Inc .• £OP Associates • Jersey Tab Card Corp .• Viatron Computer Systems • Talcott Computer Leasing· Time Share Periph- erals • Mailers Tying Machine Co .• Levin Town- send Co. • Bowne Time Sharing • Daedalus Computer Products' Datatrol Co .• Realtronics, Inc .• Xerox Corp .• Eastern Data Industries • Edw. Ochman Systems· Kimball Systems Div.

Litton Ind .• Transcom, Inc .• Information Dis·

plays, Inc .• Sierra Research Corp .• National Software Exchange' Addo-X • CPU Management Advisory Corp .• Simulation Associates, Inc .•

United Computing Corp .• Boston Computer Soft·

ware Co .• Cae Ius Memories • Datamation Sys- tems, Inc .• Logic Corp .• (Realtime Systems) Systems Sharing Corp .• Astrodata • Cummins- Allison Corp .• DPA, Inc .• GDG Data Systems, Inc.

• Diversified Data Services • Timeplex • Cytek Information Systems Corp. • MAl Equipment Corp .• Consolidated Software • Data Power • Metro Processing Corp. of America • Common- wealth Computing· Adpac • Computer Industries, Inc .• Macrodata Corp .• National Blank Book Co.

• Compumedic Control Corp .• Computer Sciences Corp .• Datachron, Inc .• Power Computer Sys- tems • Sykes Datatron ics, Inc. • Information Storage, Inc .• E. G. & G. Inc .• Varifab, Inc .•

Intranet • CTC Computer Corp .• Datanetics • Synergetics • La Prelle Assoc .• Computer Solu·

tions • General Computing Corp .• DPA • Com- puter Optics' Sugarman Laboratories, Inc.' RCA Computers' Rixon Electronics, Inc .• Datamet- rics Corp .• 3M Co .• Lutter & Helstrom, Inc .•

---.---

I

1

I Name Title I

I Firm I

IAddress •

• City State Zip I

I Country I

Occupation or Function. Principal type of business.

10 Admin. Exec. 0 Financial Officer 0 Manufacturing 0 Insurance I . 0 Office Mgt. 0 DP or Systems Mgt. 0 Bank/ Finance 0 Printing/ Publishingl

1 0 Other 0 Utility 0 Trans./Comm. •

Compso-East Seminars 0 Government 0 Retail

• Please register me for seminars 0 Wholesale 0 Institution/ Service I

I 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 Other I

---

REGIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE ANO PERIPHERALS SHOWS & CONFERENCES

EAST: NEW YORK

(N.Y. HILTON-JAN. 19-21, 1970) MIDWEST: CHICAGO

(PALMER HOUSE-FEB. 17·19, 1970) WEST: LOS ANGELES

(ANAHEIM CONY. CENTER-APR. 7-9,1970)

MULTI-ACCESS FORUM

liTHE ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEM CALLED ISAFEGUARD

AND THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMpUTER PEOPLEII - DISCU.SSION

I. From T. H. Maguire, Jr., Pres.

T. H. Maguire and Associates Wildwood Lane

Weston, Conn. 06880

I n August, I resubscribed to your fine publication after eight month's abstinence. I'm delighted to be exposed to the thoughts expressed therein, even though I don't agree or, at times, even comprehend some of them.

For example, I feel as though you're straining to have reached some of the conclusions you did re "Safeguard"

(page 8, September, 1969 issue). Certainly, there's room for further questioning re the workabil ity of the system, but to make a categorical statement-"it just won't work"-is rather like having said, "1t'11 never get off the ground, Orville!"

I can agree with whomever those computer professionals are who say that the system can't be given an actual test.

Could a test system be designed which would simulate actuality? I think so; we've done it many times in the past.

Scare tactics, e.g.-we'll be drenched by fallout-are somewhat demagogic when one assumes that the explosions are far north of the U.S. (poor Canadians) and quite high in altitude (what goes up must come down?).

I fear that we, as computer professionals (as is even true of lesser mortals), sometimes let our righteous desires for a better world get the best of us and slant our professional judgments. This being the age of the specialist, we all want to be the Renaissance man, but perhaps we should "do our thing" well and not try to tell the other specialists how to do theirs. Specialization does not demand subservience or blind acceptance, but does demand honesty in one's own specialty and trust in the honest competence of other specialists.

Thank you for your courtesy in reading my thoughts.

II. From the Editor

Thank you for your thoughtful and friendly letter rebutting some of the statements made in my editorial in the September issue. Of course we are glad that you find the issues of Computers and Automation stimulating.

1. Complexity of the USafeguard" ABM System. Before you conclude whether or not the "Safeguard" ABM System is too complex to work or to be made to work, I wish you

could read the article by Dr. J. C. R. Licklider in the August issue, which I expect you did not receive. There is much to think about in his article. I take pleasure in sending you separately a copy of our August issue, so that you may read it.

2. Continued Verification. I agree with you that spe- cialization ought not to demand "subservience or blind acceptance". ,But I cannot agree with you that it also demands "trust in the honest competence of other special- ists" .

Even the most honest of specialists can be wrong, and this is proved on a large scale by how often science takes a new turn, abandoning many of the beliefs and theories held by a group of earlier, completely honest scientists. Take the change from Newtonian to Einsteinian physics, for exam-

ple. '

Not only must we "do our thing", but also we have to become (to a reasonable and socially responsible extent)

"our brother's keeper"; we '., must evaluate, assess, verify, and check the statements of Qur "brothers"-as well as our own statements.

3. The Pentagon's Record on Weapons Systems. I n the area we are discussing, weapons systems, of which the ABM system is one, the record of the ~entagon and the mi I itary- industrial complex on weapons systems is remarkably poor.

Many systems after costing ,billions have been dropped as ineffective or have become obsoiete before they could be finished. Another example, besides the "Safeguard" ABM, is the Thor and Jupiter missiles. !Also, see the recent little book by John Kenneth Galbraith, "How to Control the Military", which is intensely interesting.

4. Responsibility of Information Engineers. It. is my belief that computer people should look on themselves as information engineers; and every engineer is responsible not only for the structure that he designs, but for linking it to real facts of the' world and of society, such as material strength and traffic patterns. You perhaps remember the story of the engineer who stbod on the bank of the river watching the bridge he had designed break up into pieces and fall into the river: wringing his hands, he cried "Oh, that damn decimal point!".i nformation engineers have responsi- bilities not only for decimal points, but also for hitching their information machines to reliable factual data, not false, misleading, nonrepresentative, or lying data. 0

IIHOW MUCH SHOULD AN EDUCATED MAN - AND A TOP MANAGER - KNOW ABOUT COMPUTERS?II - MORE COMMENT

Jeremy Myer, Facilities Manager International Software Corp.

800 W. 1st St.

Los Angeles, Calif. 90012

This is in response to your invitation for more discussion re: "How Much Should an Educated Man-and a Top Manager-Know About Computers?" I have just read Mr.

Belden Menkus' comments appearing if} your September, COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for November, 1969

1969 issue (page 13). He has h it a major a·rtery of the problem of the data processing community: that manage- ment and technical specialists do not really/'get together"

for decision-making effort.

13

Top management must--- make accurate decisions if its company expects to achieve co'nJi-nued success. Needless to say, management is uneasy if required to make decisions based on data not fully understood, gathered by people it does not fully comprehend and who do not completely understand management, and presented, in most cases, in foreign terms. Unfortunately, today this defines the situa- tion which usually exists between management and the data processing environment. This is supported by the recently published report by McKinsey & Co. (See Computers and Automation for April, 1969, page 24) which acknowledges that computer efforts in all but a few exceptional com- panies are in real trouble.

Data processing has become the largest single over-head expense of many companies. This is easy to understand if a

company's only sources of data processing expertise are the data processing department and the equipment salesman.

Yet most managers appear not to accept the salient facts of computer Ufe-i.e., they really do not comprehend

"computereze". And most technicians, including DP mana- gers, will never admit that their experience is too limited in the debit/credit approach to commercial applications de- velopment to be as effective as they should be in systems design and implementation, and also in their communica- tive sessions with management.

The gap will begin to close when management is pro- vided with the understanding of what should be going on in the "machine room", by direct communication in terms

that can be easily understood. 0

COMPUTER PEOPLE AND THEIR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES

I. From John McLeod, Editor Simulation

Simulation Councils, Inc.

P.O. Box 2228 LaJolla, Calif. 92037

I have a letter from a friend who writes in part:

" ... someone with a good deal of good will toward social responsibilities of computer people is Edmund Berke-

ley .... " Since we exchange subscriptions with your maga- zine, I am wondering if you saw my editorial in the July issue of Simulation [reprinted below] which elicited my friend's remark.

I would certainly like to know your reaction to the editorial. Currently I am preparing a follow-up article based in part on the feedback from the July editorial. I await with great interest any contribution you might care to make to the discussion.

A STATEMENT OF PERSONAL BELIEFS AND INTENTIONS bel ieve that much of the strife and unrest in the world

today is the result of the improper handling of information.

Improved communications have made available more infor- mation than can possibly be assimilated and evaluated in proper perspective by the human mind. Thus it must be, and is, filtered-first by the news media and then by the individual. Unfortunately, violence and sensationalism dom- inate the information that gets through. This incites to irrational action many individuals and groups already con- sciously or subconsciously worried by the ever-present possibility of nuclear or biochemical annihilation.

I believe that the trend in world affairs is now such that our very survival might well depend on our correcting the bias and making proper use of the information available to us. But we cannot do this unaided; we must calion some of the advanced technology which has contributed to the world chaos for tools to sort, store, manipulate and evalu- ate the vast amount of information that is pertinent to our problems. Fortunately, computers can do this. Further- more, they allow the information to be assembled in the form of models which can include the effect of social, economic, political, and military forces as they act on and influence one another.

Simulation, the development and use of such models to study the dynamic behavior of otherwise incomprehensible and/or intractable systems, facilitates the design of experi- ments that will not only give insight into the complexities involved, but can also be made to yield quantitative data relating cause and effect. And, as these simulations can be run in faster-than-real time, they enable us to see the possible consequences at some future time of various alternative courses of action which might be contemplated today. And those consequences can be evaluated before action is taken.

I believe that those of us with the know-how and the means should proceed with all possible vigor to develop a World Simulation. It is very late. I do not underestimate the magnitude of the task, but I believe it must be accom-

plished if we are to survive. Fortunately, we do not have to start from scratch. War games are a well-developed tech- nique for evaluating mil itary strategies, and simulation of social, economic, and political systems-as well as simu la- tions of human behavior-have been developed. True, most are based on incomplete or otherwise questionable models of isolated subsystems, but these can be improved and combined in a kind of hierarchy of systems to ultimately develop a useful model of the total environment. Then experiments must be designed to exercise and validate the model before it can be made to yield the vital information we need so desperately.

Viewed in the aggregate, the difficulties may seem insurmountable. Fortunately, however, it will not be neces- sary to complete and validate the model before useful results can be realized. There are three characteristics of the methodology of simulation that will yield benefits almost from the start:

1. The orderly thought-processes and data-gathering . necessary for the development of a model give insight into problems such that useful results are often realized even before the model is computer- ized.

2. Models of subsystems, taken independently, often yield valuable information concerning the overall system.

3. Basic, or simplified, models which involve only the most important and sensitive parameters and vari- ables can give important information concerning the gross behavior of a system. Details can be' added as the model is refined.

intend to pursue this matter as though the future of humanity depended on it: it might!

I intend to be a catalyst for the development of a World Simulation by working with others who believe that this is the way to go and that it's ~igh time we got started. __.

I plan to - try to stimulate activity' by gathering and disseminating information among those who are or might

be interested in the project. These will include those people taking an overall view-like A. Ben Clymer, organizer and chairman of the SCi Committee on Public Problems; R.

Buckminster Fuller} of geodesic fame, who is actively pushing a $16 million project which he calls World Game at Southern Illinois University; and Hal Secrist² who pre- sented "Concepts on the Utilization of a World Simulation Center" at a Western Simulation Council meeting (SIMU- LATION,June, 1969).lt will also include all those of whom I have knowledge who are working on simulations of behavior, social systems, resource allocation, economics, politics, or other aspects of our global environment, who might contribute to a World Simulation.

What do you intend to do?

} Luncheon speaker and panel moderator at the Joint National Meeting of Operations Research Society of Ameri- ca and American Astronautical Society, Denver, Colorado, June 17-20, 1969.

2 Chairman of a workshop, World Systems Center, orga- nized in connection with the above meeting.

Excerpt from Simulation, Vol. 13: No.1, July 1969, p. vii.

II. From Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor Computers and Automation

Thank you for calling your fine editorial to my atten- tion. I agree completely that much of the strife and unrest in the world today is the result of the improper handling of information. If you saw my September editorial in our magazine, you will see how once more I attacked misinfor- mation, distortions, and lies.

I also believe that modeling the behavior of various segments of the world-"world games", "peace games", and

"world simulation"-could lead to useful and significant insights. I do not believe that the difficulties are insur- mountable.

Although my knowlege of simulation or models is limited to what I have read about them, I think the avenue you are choosing to pursue could lead to good results. I would be pleased if you would keep me (and our readers) informed of your activities, and I would be interested in seeing copies of your preliminary reports.

III. From John McLeod

I am sorry your comments did not reach us in time for publication in the November issue of Simulation. I would like to have been able to include your letter along with a dozen or so similar letters from other prominent people that will be published.

Thank you for sending me a copy of your excellent editorial from the September issue of your magazine; I don't know how I missed it-I do scan your publication. I think your editorial is so good, and so important, that I would like to publish it in toto.

Keep up the good work. Perhaps together we can help get the thinking people among our readers to think about things they ought to think about!

IV. From Edmund C. Berkeley

Your comments and support are sincerely appreciated.

Of course you are welcome to reprint the September editorial from Computers and Automation in Simulation.

o

INFORMATION INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (IIA) PROPOSES CHANGES IN THE CONGRESSIONAL BILL TO CREATE A NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE IMPACT OF THE COMPUTER ON COPYRIGHT CONCEPTS

Paul G. Zurkowski, Executive Director Information Industry Association 1025 15th St. N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20005

The information I ndustry Association (IIA) is made up of commercial firms engaged in creating and marketing . information products, mechanisms, and services through the use of advanced information technologies. Recently the Association released the text of changes it has proposed in the copyright revision bill (Title II, S. 543) which would create a national commission on the impact of the com- puter and other advanced technologies on copyright con-

PROVISIONS OF S. 543

TITLE II-NATIONAL COMMISSION ON NEW

TECHNOLOGICAL USES OF COPYRIGHTED WORKS.

Establishment and Purpose of Commission.

Sec. 201. (a) There is hereby created in the Library of Congress a National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (hereafter called the Commis- sion).

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for November, 1969

cepts. The text of the bill and the Association's proposed changes are shown below.

The changes developed out of a meeting held last summer on copyrights and~elated protection for informa- tion age products. The meeting was sponsored by IIA and attended by a wide spectrum of companies in the informa- , . tion industry. The proposed changes were sent to and

further circulated by the Senate Judiciary Committee . Comments from other organizations, firms, and individ- uals are invited. The Senate has requested prompt action on comments, since it is expecting to act on the bill during this session of Congress. Comments should be sent to the address above.

PROVISIONS OF IIA PROPOSAL (Only changes are listed below)

TITLE II-I'JATIONAL COMMISSION ON EFFECTS OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES ON WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP.

Establishment and Purposes of Commission.

Sec. 201. (a) There is hereby created in the Library of Congress a National Commission on the Effects of Ad- vanced Technologies on Works of Authorship (hereafter called the Commission).

15

(b) The purpose of the Commission is to study and compile data on the reproduction and use of copyrighted works of authorship (1) in automatic systems capable of storing, processing, retrieving, and transferring information, and (2) by various forms of machine reproduction. The Commission shall make recommendations as to such changes in copyright law or procedures that may be necessary to assure for such purposes access to copyrighted works, and to provide recogn ition of the rights of copyright owners.

Membership of the Commission

Sec. 202. (a) The Commission shall be composed of twenty-three members, appointed as follows:

(1) A Chair~an, who shall be the Librarian of Congress.

(2) Two members of the Senate to be appointed by the President of the Senate.

(3) Two members of the House of Representatives, to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representa- tives.

(4) Seven Members, to be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, selected from authors and other copyright owners.

(5) Seven members, to be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, selected from users of copyrighted works.

(6) Four nongovernmental members to be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, selected from the publ ic generally.

(b) The members of the Commission shall appoint by the vote of a plurality of the total membership, a Vice Chairman who shall act as Chairman in the absence or disability of the Chairman, or in the event of a vacancy in that office. The Register of Copyrights shall serve as an ex officio member of the Commission.

(b) The purposes of this commission are to study and compile data (1) on the reproduction and use of copyright- able works of authorship (a) in automatic systems capable df storing,' processing, retrieving, and transferring informa- tion and,(b) by various forms of machine reproduction, (2) 'on the creation of new works by the application interven- tion of such automatic systems or machine reproduction, and (3) on the effects such reproduction, use and creation are, having on the accessibility of such works and the proprietary rights therein. The Commission shall make recommendations as to such changes in law or procedures that may be necessary to assure access to works, of authorship and otherwise, and to provide recognition of the proprietary rights of owners.

Membership of the Commission

Sec. 202. (a) The Commission shall be composed of twenty-one members, appointed as follows:

(1) A Chairman, to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(2) Five members, to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, selected from authors and other copyright owners.

(3) Five members, to be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, selected from users of copyrighted works and information.

(4) Five members, to be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, selected from creators of information systems, products, mechanisms and services.

(5) Five nongovernmental members to be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, selected from the public generally.

(b) The members of the Commission shall appoint by the vote of a plurality of the total membership, a Vice Chairman who shall act as Chairman in the absence or ,disability of the Chairman, or in the event of a vacancy in that office. The Librarian of Congress, the Register of Copyrights, the President's Science Advisor and the Chair- man of the Federal Communications Commission shall serve as ex officio members of the Commission. 0

"THE POWER OF THE PRESS TO REDRESS A GRIEVANCE" - DISCUSSION

I. From Louis H. Ray, Vice Pres.

Meta Systems Corp.

32 Scotch Rd.

Trenton, N.J. 08528

With regard to your case history on "Mrs. Isabel Cronin"

and her problems with the "Tenarsippi Technical Institute"

("The Power of the Press to Redress a Grievance-A Case History", Computers and Automation for Sept. 1969, page 14)-1 feel that you have done a grave injustice to the computing industry. Under the circumstances I am not able to comprehend the reason for withholding the name of the actual school involved. Considering the fact that it took

"Mrs. Cronin" an entire year to receive a partial refund, and that she suffered a direct loss of $300, I feel that the public has a right to some protection from this kind of cheap, fraudulent operation. This protection can only come from the kind of publicity which your publication is capable of offering.

Since I am personally a graduate of a data processing school (an exceedingly good school, I might add), I am

strongly in favor of unmasking the poor ones, so that the good ones can continue to provide their services untainted by this kind of terror story.

II. From the Editor

Our purpose in publishing the case history was twofold.

We wished to remind our readers that fraudulent data processing schools do exist, and therefore one should be extremely careful in selecting one. And we wish to say that if one of our readers finds himself defrauded by a data processing school, we are willing to use our power to publish the story to try to redress the grievance.

Our efforts, of course, would be more effective if we could "name names". But we are a small business, and we do not wish to run the risk of libel suits. Nor do we have an outlying staff that can personally investigate situations.

Until we become much larger, we do not have financial resources to devote to defense against unnecessary legal liabil ities. Under present circumstances, therefore, what we can practically do remains rather limited.

With every Raytheon computer you get AID ...

plug-in interface for incompatibles.

It's one thing to match a systems computer like the 706 to standard peripherals. But what about non-standards? Pick analog and parallel interfaces, scopes, data acquisition systems, or something you happen to have on the shelf.

The AID concept, (Applications Interface Device) for the 706, handles them all. A

ies of functionally modular blocks lets you interface the 706 with your input or output conveniently, quickly and economically.

AID blocks go well with standard equip- ment too. They're compatible with our packaged system instruments like the MINIVERTERT)l which combines multiplex-

ing, sampfe-and-hold and aId conversion.

This means you, can get an analog front end, interface, computer and your output devices from one place-RAYTHEON.

AID modules simplify timing, coding,

fering and control logic. Thus 'expensive systems, 'design and checkout timeis,dra- matically reduced. .

AIDisjust one more, reason why the 706, with a basic price of. $19,POO, isbecom- ing <the

or call today for Data File CB170. Ray- theonComputer,2700 S. Fairview, Santa Ana, California

546-7160.

Designate No. 23 on Reader Servi(e Card