HAL Id: inria-00072526
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072526
Submitted on 24 May 2006
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EM Procedures Using Mean Field-Like Approximations for Markov Model-Based Image Segmentation
Gilles Celeux, Florence Forbes, Nathalie Peyrard
To cite this version:
Gilles Celeux, Florence Forbes, Nathalie Peyrard. EM Procedures Using Mean Field-Like Approx- imations for Markov Model-Based Image Segmentation. [Research Report] RR-4105, INRIA. 2001.
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ISRN INRIA/RR--4105--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
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INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
EM procedures using mean field-like approximations for Markov model-based image segmentation
Gilles Celeux, Florence Forbes, Nathalie Peyrard
N ˚ 4105
Janvier 2001
TH ` EME 4
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