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Modeling Sharing and Recursion for Weak Reduction Strategies using Explicit Substitution
Zine-El-Abidine Benaissa, Pierre Lescanne, Kristoffer H. Rose
To cite this version:
Zine-El-Abidine Benaissa, Pierre Lescanne, Kristoffer H. Rose. Modeling Sharing and Recursion for Weak Reduction Strategies using Explicit Substitution. [Research Report] RR-3092, INRIA. 1997.
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INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Modeling Sharing and Recursion for Weak Reduction Strategies
using Explicit Substitution
Zine-El-Abidine Benaissa, Pierre Lescanne , Kristoffer H. Rose
N ˚ 3092
Janvier 1997
TH ` EME 2
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