Les Alpides dans la région d'Istanbul

(1)

Article

Reference

Les Alpides dans la région d'Istanbul

PARÉJAS, Edouard

PARÉJAS, Edouard. Les Alpides dans la région d'Istanbul. Compte rendu des séances de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève, 1943, vol. 60, no. 1, p. 45-50

DOI : 10.5169/SEALS-742316

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:137416

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

1 / 1

(2)

SDU OD _FDWDO\VH GH OD IHUPHQWDWLRQ _DOFRROLTXH SDU ODQHXULQH FRPPH HOOH D GpMj pWp REVHUYpH FKH]OD OHYXUH ^&H

IDLW

ELHQ pWDEOL REOLJH ^j UHSUHQGUH ^j XQ SRLQW ^GH YXH QRXYHDX FHUWDLQHV H[Sp ULHQFHVUHODWLYHV j

ODFWLRQ

DX[RJqQH ^GH FHWWH YLWDPLQH I$W]XSUHV

VL©©©© ^HVW DXWRWURSKH ^GX SRLQW ^GH YXH ^GH ODQHXULQH

,O

^VH SDVVH GH WRXWH DGMRQFWLRQ ^GH FHWWH YLWDPLQH /DOFRRJHQqVH TXL SHXW

VH SURGXLUH DYHF ^GHV LQWHQVLWpV YDULDEOHV SDUDOOqOHPHQW ^j

ODFWLRQ

DX[RJqQH ELHQ _FRQQXH GH FHWWH YLWDPLQH ^GHYUD ^rWUH pWXGLpH FKH] OHV HVSqFHV LQGLIIpUHQWHV j ODQHXULQH QH UpDJLVVDQW SDV ^j OD SUpVHQFH GH FHWWH GHUQLqUH SDU XQ UDOHQWLVVHPHQW GH OD FURLVVDQFH DLQVL TXH FKH] OHV ^HVSqFHV FRPSOqWHPHQW KpWpUR WURSKHV SRXU ^ODQHXULQH ^RX SRXU

OXQ

^GH ^VHV FRQVWLWXDQWV 7RXW

ODLVVH HQWUHYRLU TXH QRXV DYRQV DIIDLUH j GHV RUJDQLVPHV ^GH W\SHV GLIIpUHQWV

=©W9HUVLWH ^GH %HUQH UHVKLUHW ^H- DUGLUH qRWDUHLJDHV

1RXV UHPHUFLRQV OH GpSDUWHPHQW VFLHQWLILTXH ^GHV (WDEOLVVH PHQWV ) +RIIPDQQ/D 5RFKH %kOH SRXU ^OHV ^VXEVWDQFHV

TXLO

QRXV D

IDLW

_SDUYHQLU DLQVL _TXH ⁰ 0 *XLOORXG ODERUDQWLQH SRXU ^VD FROODERUDWLRQ GpYRXpH

(GRXDUG 3DUpMDV ² ^/HV ^$=UHGHV ^GDUHV ^=D ^UpJ=RUH G/VLDUH{UH=

/D 7XUTXLH HQWLqUH ^GH OD 7KUDFH HW GH O(JpH ^{j VD} IURQWLqUH RULHQWDOH ^HVW XQ WURQoRQ ^GH ^OD ^FKDvQH ^DOSLQH ^DX ^VHQV ^{ODUJH HW} FHVW GDQV OD UpJLRQ ILJXUDQW VXU OD IHXLOOH ,VWDQEXO ^GH OD FDUWH JpRORJLTXH DX TXH OD MRQFWLRQ ^VH

IDLW

VDQV KLDWXV QRWDEOH HQWUH ^OHV $OSLGHV G(XURSH ^HW ^FHOOHV ^G$VLH

6L OHV $OSHV SURSUHPHQW GLWHV VRQW FRPSOLTXpHV SDU ^OHV FKDUULDJHV TXL RQW

IDLW

^VH _VXSHUSRVHU ^OHV XQLWpV WHFWRQLTXHV SDU ^FRQWUH OH VHUUDJH QD _SDV

SURGXLW

^OHV ^PrPHV ^{HIIHWV HQ}

$QDWROLH R

ORQ

SHXW UHWURXYHU ^j SHX SUqV ^j OHXUSODFH RULJLQHOOH OHV IRVVHV JpRV\QFOLQDOHV PpVR]RwTXHV HW ^OHV ^PDVVLIV LQWHUPp GLDLUHV TXHOOHV HQFDGUHQW ^&H TXL VHVW VXSHUSRVp GDQV OHV

$OSHV ^HVW ^UHVWp MX[WDSRVp HQ 7XUTXLH

$ 6FKXOW] ^/

$WNLQ

^DQG ^&K1

)UH\

^- ^$PHU ^&KHP ^6RF

k3

(3)

/D 7pWK\V FRPSRUWDLW ^HQ $QDWROLH GHX[ VLOORQV PDULQV SULQ FLSDX[ ÔH ^©0RQ SR8ZF DX 1 HW OH ©Í=RQ _=DQUMo.H DX ⁶ /HXU SOLVVHPHQW D GRQQp GXQH SDUW ÔD ^FKDvQH SRQWLTXH FRUUHVSRQ GDQW _DX[ $OSLGHV FHVWjGLUH DX[ $OSHV SURSUHPHQW GLWHV G(XURSH HW GDXWUH SDUW ÔHV 7DXULGHV SURORQJHPHQW RULHQWDO

GHV 'LQDULGHV 8Q ODUJH PDVVLI LQWHUPpGLDLUH SDUIRLV GLYLVp VXU ^VHV PDUJHV HW JpQpUDOHPHQW GpSRXUYX GXQH FRXYHUWXUH PpVR]RwTXH VpSDUDLW ÔHV GHX[ ÎRVVHV 1RXV QH FRQVLGpUHURQV SRXU ÔH ^PRPHQW TXH OD ÎRVVH SRQWLTXH $X ^6HFRQGDLUH YHQDQW

GH

O(

^HOOH ^VH

GLYLVDLW

HQ GHX[ DYDQW GDWWHLQGUH OD UpJLRQ ^GH OD EDVVH 6DNDU\D ^8QH EUDQFKH SDVVDLW DX 1 ^GHV PDVVLIV GX

%RVSKRUH ^HW ^GH

O,VWUDQGMD

^HW ^VH SRXUVXLYDLW ^GDQV OD UpJLRQ SUpEDONDQLTXH EXOJDUH /D EUDQFKH PpULGLRQDOH _SDVVDQW HQWUH

,]QLN

HW

%LOHGMLN

^VH

GLYLVDLW

ELHQW{W _YHUV

O:

HQ XQH ^{VpULH GH} EUDV GH PHU VpSDUpV SDU ^GHV ^SOLV ^GH ^{IRQG TXL} MRXqUHQW ÔH Û{OH ^GHV JpDQWLFOLQDX[ SHQQLTXHV GDQV OHV $OSHV ^/HV VLOORQV IRUPHQW DXMRXUGKXL ^GHV GpSUHVVLRQV HQYDKLHV SDU OD 0DUPDUD ^HW O(JpH RX ELHQ GHV ]RQHV V\QFOLQDOHV FRQWLQHQWDOHV ^R ^VH VRQW DFFXPXOpV OHV FDOFDLUHV MXUDVVLTXHV ÔHV ^VFKLVWHV OXVWUpV ÔHV IO\VFKV ^PpVR ]RLTXH HW QXPPXOLWLTXH

/HV pOpPHQWV WHFWRQLTXHV SULQFLSDX[ ^VH VXFFqGHQW GDQV ORUGUH VXLYDQW GX 1 _{DX 6}

/H EORF DQFLHQ GH 7KUDFH GLULJp 6(1: HW TXL ^VH GLYLVH LFL HQ GHX[ PDVVLIV FHOXL GX 5KRGRSH HW FHOXL ^GH

O,VWUDQGMD

^(QWUH ^FHV ^pOpPHQWV

LO

^VHQQRLH ^VRXV ^OH ^7HUWLDLUH

GX EDVVLQ GH OD 0DULW]D(UJHQH ^HW ^VH WHUPLQH VXU OD OLJQH 6DPRWKUDFHJROIH ^GH 6DURV*DQRV0DUPDUDJROIH

G,]PLW

/H

SHWLW

^PDVVLI ^GH 7FKDWDOGMD ^HW ^FHOXL SOXV

LPSRUWDQW

^GX

%RVSKRUH SURORQJHQW

O,VWUDQGMD

^HW IRUPHQW OH[WUrPH SRLQWH ⁶⁽ GX EORF GH 7KUDFH

/H VLOORQ _WUDQVpJpHQ RXYHUW ^GqV ÔH &UpWDFp VXSpULHXU DX PRLQV HW MDORQQp SDU ÔD ÎRVVH GH 6DURV FHOOH GH OD 0DUPDUD HW ÔH JROIH

G,]PLW

/H SOL ^GH ^IRQG TXL

IDLW

VDLOOLU^OH

&ULVWDOOLQ

HQWUH *|LGMN ^HW ([DPLO HW TXL IRUPH OpFKLQp ^GH OD SUHVTXvOH ^GH *DOOLSROL SRXU ^VH FRQWLQXHU GDQV OH QR\DX ^DQFLHQ ^GH OvOH G,PEURV

/H VLOORQ ^GHV 'DUGDQHOOHV

(4)

/H

SOL

^GH ^IRQG FRPSOH[H HW DUTXp ^GH OD 7URDGH6DPDQOL

,O

HVW MDORQQp SDU ^{OHV PDVVHV} SDOpR]RwTXHV RX SOXV ^DQFLHQQHV HQFRUH ^GH

.D\DOL

^GDJK ^GH .DUDELJD ^GH OvOH ^GH 0DUPDUD HW VHV VDWHOOLWHV ^GH OD SUHVTXvOH ^GH .DSLGDJK ^GH ^OD ^FKDvQH F{WLqUH HQWUH %DQGLUPD HW 0XGDQ\D ^GH OvOH

G,PUDOL

^GH OD SUHVTXvOH G$UPXWOX6DPDQOL HW ^GH OD FKDvQH GX 1DO G|NHQ

/D ]RQH V\QFOLQDOH

G$\YDGMLNJROIH

^G(UGHN

/H

SOL

^GH ^{IRQG GX} PRQW ,GD .D] GDJK(JULNDUDDJDWFK GDJKL TXL ^VH SURORQJH YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQW DX 6: GDQV OH QR\DX ^DQFLHQ ^GH 0\WLOqQH ^HW ^GH OD SUHVTXvOH G(U\WKUpH

/D ]RQH V\QFOLQDOH G(GUHPLW%DO\DODF 0DQ\DV

/H

SOL

^GH ^IRQG ^GH 0DGUD GDJK6XUOD\D GDJK

/D _]RQH V\QFOLQDOH ^GH 6P\UQH ,]PLU6RPD%DOLNHVLU ODF $SROORQLD $SRO\RQW ^/HV ]RQHV HW IXVLRQQHQW GDQV OD _GpSUHVVLRQ 0DQ\DV$SROORQLD HW ^VH SRXUVXLYHQW YHUV

O(

_SDU ^OD EDQGH PpVR]RwTXH .DUDGMDEH\'LFKND\D

<

HQLFKHKLU%LOHGMLN0HNHGM^H

0DVVLI LQWHUPpGpDLUH ^GH

O$QDWROLH

$QDLRED FXOPLQDQW

j

O:

GDQV OH PDVVLI GX 0pDQGUH /YGLH&DULH DXFW

'LUHFIZZLV G© SOWVVFPHZW ² ^'DQV ÔH VHFWHXU FRPSULV HQWUH O(JpH HW ÔH IOHXYH 6LPDY ÔHV SOLV ^GH IRQG VRQW RULHQWpV GX 6:

DX 1( &HVW OD GLUHFWLRQ (VWpJpHQQH ^GH 3KLOLSSVRQ (OOH ^VH

IDLW

VHQWLU HQFRUH GDQV OD SUHVTXvOH ^GH *DOOLSROL ^HW ^OH ⁶ ^GH OD 7KUDFH WXUTXH $

SDUWLU

^GXQ GLDPqWUH WUDFp GH 6XVXUOXN j

OvOH

^GH 0DUPDUD ^OHV SOLV WRXUQHQW HW GHYLHQQHQW (: 4XHOTXHVXQV PrPH VH GLULJHQW ^GX 1: DX 6( 7FKDWDOGDJK 8OXGDJK

,O

^IDXW

FRQVLGpUHU OHQVHPEOH ^GHV SOLV ^DFFUX ^GHV ^pOpPHQWV 7FKDWDOGDJK ^HW 8OXGDJK FRPPH UHSUpVHQWDQW XQH YDVWH YLUJD WLRQ GH IRQG OD

YLUJDWLRQ

^GH OD 7URDGH RXYHUWH DX ⁶⁽ HW GRQW OD[H QHVW DXWUH _TXH OD WUDQVYHUVDOH VRXOHYpH GHV 0pDQGUHV 'DUGDQHOOHV

8$DPDJHV ² ^/HV FKHYDXFKHPHQWV DOSLQV UHFRQQXV

MXVTXLFL

VRQW UHODWLYHPHQW UDUHV HW ^GH IDLEOH DPSOLWXGH ^&H ^VRQW ^GHV FKDUULDJHV ^FDVVDQWV TXL DIIHFWHQW ÔHV PDVVLIV DQFLHQV 1RXV VLJQDOHURQV ÔH FKHYDXFKHPHQW GH =HNHULH N|\ ^GDQV ÔH +DXW

(5)

%RVSKRUH ( &KDSXW HW ⁵ +RYDVVH TXL ^PRQWUH ^XQH ÔDPH GpYRQLHQQH _SRXVVpH GH NP DX 1 VXU ÔH &UpWDFp VXSpULHXU ÔHV FKDUULDJHV ^GH &KLOp 6LOH UHSUpVHQWpV SDU ÔH ^FRLQ VLOXUR GpYRQLHQ G,PUHQGHUH HQ FRQWDFW PpFDQLTXH VXU ÔH &UpWDFp VXSpULHXU ^HW ÔHV ODPHV FUpWDFpHV ^GH &KLOp SRXVVpHV GH NP _{DX 1} VXU O<SUpVLHQ (G 3DUpMDV HW ) %D\NDO ÔHV ^FKHYDXFKH PHQWV ^GH OD ERUGXUH 1( GH

O,VWUDQGMD

^{DX 6(} ^HW ^DX ^6: ^GH 0LG\H ^OH FKHYDXFKHPHQW ^GH 'DULGMD 'pYRQLHQ VXU &UpWDFp VXSpULHXU YX SDU ^.HVVOHU

3=LV GH FRZHHUWDUHV ² ^/HV VpULHV pRFqQH ROLJRFqQH HW PLRFqQH GH 7KUDFH VRQW SOLVVpHV VXU XQ

IURQW

^GH NP G(QH] j

6LOLYUL

HW VXU XQH ODUJHXU ^GH NP ^GH OD 0DUPDUD j 8]XQN|SU ^&HVW OD _SWUJDvWRUD GH "UDFH TXH QRXV DYRQV GpILQLH HQWUH .HFKDQ ,SVDOD 8]XQN|SU +D\UDEROX 7HNLUGDJK 0DONDUD SXLV FRPSOpWpH DX ⁶ ^GH .HFKDQ _{DYHF =} 7HUQHN &HVW XQH

YLUJDWLRQ

OLEUH j GHX[ DLOHV HW FRQYH[H YHUV ^OH 1 GRQW OD[H HVW XQH OLJQH WLUpH

G([DPLO

^j 'HPRWLND ^&H JURXSH ^GH SOLV ^D UHIRXOp OD 0DULW]D FRQWUH OH PDVVLI GX 5KRGRSH HW REOLJp O(UJHQH ^j GpFULUH XQH YDVWH FRXUEH VXEVpTXHQWH HQWUH 7FKRUOX

0XUDWOL

HW VD FRQIOXHQFH DYHF OD 0DULW]D /H FRXUV GX +D\UDEROX ^GHUHVL VHVW pWDEOL GDQV XQH GpSUHVVLRQ WUDQVYHUVDOH GH FHWWH YLUJDWLRQ /HVSOLV ^GH FRXYHUWXUH GXPDVVLI GX%RVSKRUH GDQVÔH 0pVR]RwTXH HW ÔH 7HUWLDLUH VRQW ^GHV RQGXODWLRQV j JUDQG UD\RQ ^&KLOp $JYD 3DU FRQWUH ÔH -XUDVVLTXH ÔH &UpWDFp HW ÔHV GLIIpUHQWV IO\VFKV SUpVHQWHQW WRXV ÔHV ^{GHJUpV GH} SOLVVHPHQW ^GDQV OD FKDvQH F{WLqUH HQWUH OH ODF $SROORQLD HW OD 6DNDU\D

1HZV GH OD _SRDVVHH _WHFWRQLJDH ² ^/HV ODPHV FKDUULpHV GH

=HNHULH N|\ ^HW ^GH ^&KLOp ^VH VRQW DYDQFpHV YHUV OH 1 OH

SOL

^GH ^IRQG

GH 'LFKND\D %URXVVH HVW GpMHWp DX 1 FRPPH FHX[ G8OXGDJK HW ^GH *|OGMN &KDUN|\ /D

YLUJDWLRQ

^GH ^7KUDFH ^{VHVW GpYH}

ORSSpH VRXV XQH SUHVVLRQ^LVVXH GX ⁶⁶⁽ 3OXVLHXUV DQWLFOLQDX[ GH FH GLVSRVLWLI ^VRQW ^GpYHUVpV DX 1 HW ^GDQV ^OH V\QFOLQDO ^GH

.LUN|\

6 G8]XQN|SU FRPPH GDQV ^OH 1pRJqQH GX FRO URXWLHU HQWUH

<DORYD HW 2UKDQJD]L ^GH SHWLWV FKHYDXFKHPHQWV VH VRQW DYDQFpV YHUV ^OH 1 2Q SHXW ^GRQF GLUH _{TXH GDQV} OHV VHFWHXUV PHQWLRQQpV SOXV KDXW OD _SRXVVpH WHFWRQLTXH VHVW H[HUFpH HQ PR\HQQH GX ⁶

(6)

DX 1 /HV GLVORFDWLRQV GH *DQRV HW ^GH 0LLUHIWH ^j GpMHWWHPHQW PpULGLRQDO GRLYHQW rWUH LQWHUSUpWpHV FRPPH ^GHV DFFLGHQWV _HQ UHWRXU ^GXV j XQ DEDLVVHPHQW GX SRLQW GDSSOLFDWLRQGH SRXVVpHV WDUGLYHV

GR%FHPHUHWV SUpFXUVHXUV SDURDXVZHV ^H ^S$DVHV SRVWXPHV ² 'DQV OD _UpJLRQ GH OD IHXLOOH ,VWDQEXO DX GHV PRXYH PHQWV DQQRQFLDWHXUV GH ORURJHQqVH DOSLQH ^VH ^VRQW

WUDGXLWV

^GqV

OH 7ULDV _SDU ^GHV SOLVVHPHQWV ^j JUDQG UD\RQ ^GHV VRXOqYHPHQWV GHV pPHUVLRQV ^GHV GLVFRUGDQFHV SRXU DERXWLU DX[ SDUR[\VPHV

j

SDUWLU

^GH ^O(RFqQH ^&HV ^pSLVRGHV ^VXLYLV ^{GHV SKDVHV} SRVWKXPHV

VH SUpVHQWHQW ^GDQV ORUGUH VXLYDQW

(QWUH ^OH 9LUJORULHQ ^HW ^OH /DGLQLHQ ^{SKDVH GH} ^&KLOp &KLOp vOH GH &KLR

(QWUH ^OH 7ULDV HW ^OH /LDV PR\HQ ^SKDVH pRFLPPpULHQQH UpJLRQ GH .DUDGMDEH\$SROORQLD

(QWUH ^OH /LDV HW ^OH %DMRFLHQ SKDVH GX 'RQHW] PrPH UpJLRQ

(QWUH ^OH -XUDVVLTXH VXSpULHXU ^HW ^OH &UpWDFp LQIpULHXU j

2UELWROLQHV SKDVH DQGLQH 0XGDQ\D

(QWUH ^OH &UpWDFp LQIpULHXU HW ^OH &UpWDFp VXSpULHXU SKDVH DXVWULHQQH *HPOLN

(QWUH ^OH &DPSDQLHQ HW ^OH 0DHVWULFKWLHQ &KLOp

(QWUH ^OH &UpWDFp VXSpULHXU HW O<SUpVLHQ ^SKDVH ^ODUDPLHQQH

&KLOp

3DUR[\VPH \SUpVLHQ ^SKDVH DQDWROLHQQH &KLOp %RVSKRUH

*HPOLN %URXVVH

(QWUH OH /XWpWLHQ HW O2OLJRFqQH ^SKDVH S\UpQpHQQH 7KUDFH &KLOp 0XGDQ\D *HPOLN

(QWUH _$TXLWDQLHQ HW ^OH 7RUWRQLHQ ^SKDVH VDYLHQQH RX VW\ULHQQH 7KUDFH SDUR[\VPH

(QWUH ^OH 7RUWRQLHQ HW ^OH 3RQWLHQ SKDVH DWWLTXH 7KUDFH ,VWDQEXO

(QWUH ^OH 3RQWLHQ HW ^OH 3OLRFqQH SKDVH UKRGDQLHQQH 7KUDFH 0XGDQ\D*HPOLN ,VWDQEXO

$X 3OLRFqQH VXSpULHXU SKDVH YDODTXH *DQRV +RUD

& 5 6RF SK\V *HQqYH YRO

(7)

/H UpVHDX GHV IRVVHV DOSLQHV GpSHQGDQW ^GX JpRV\QFOLQDO SRQ WLTXH ^GDQV O$QDWROLH GX

1:

^HVW ^DQFLHQ

,O

^D ^{pWp HQ} JUDQGH SDUWLH RFFXSp SDU OD PHU ^j

SDUWLU

^GX ^7ULDV MXVTXDX 1XPPXOL WLTXH ^HW PrPH DX 6DUPDWLHQ SRXU ÔH ÊDVVLQ ^GH ÔD ^0DUPDUD ^HW ÔH VLOORQ _WUDQVpJpHQ &HV VLOORQV PDULQV GLULJpV HQ JpQpUDO GX 6:

DX 1( RQW QHWWHPHQW LQGLYLGXDOLVp ^GqV ^OH ^{GpEXW GX}6HFRQGDLUH OH EORF LQWHUPpGLDLUH G$QDWROLH ^GH FHOXL GH 7KUDFH $LQVL HVW URPSXH OD FRQWLQXLWp VWUXFWXUDOH DGPLVH GDQV FHUWDLQHV V\Q WKqVHV WHFWRQLTXHV UpFHQWHV SRXU ^OH QR\DX D[LDO ^GH OD FKDvQH DOSLQH HQWUH O$VLH 0LQHXUH HW OHV %DONDQV

=UDL9H?VH GH *HUHqHH

LDIWRUDIRLUH GH *HRRJL9

(GRXDUG 3DUpMDV ²

&RXLULWRLR©

( +DXJ ^D GpPRQWUp OH[LVWHQFH ^GqV ^OH 1XPPXOLWLTXH HW MXVTXDX PLOLHX ^GX ^1pRJqQH ^GXQH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ GLUHFWH HQWUH

O$GULDWLTXH

VHSWHQWULRQDOH HW OD PHU 1RLUH PpULGLRQDOH SDU XQ ^V==Rª wUDUHVpJpHUH GH FDUDFWqUH JpRV\QFOLQDO ^6RQ WUDFp HVW FRXGp _HQ 9 /D EUDQFKH RFFLGHQWDOH HVW MDORQQpH SDU ÔHV ODFV G2NKULGD HW GH 3UHVSDOD SODLQH ^GH .DVWRULDHW ^GH /DSVLVWD OD 7KHVVDOLH /D EUDQFKH RULHQWDOH VH PDUTXH DXMRXUGKXL ^HQFRUH SDU OD ÎRVVH VHSWHQWULRQDOH ^GH O(JpH ÔH JROIH GH 6DURV OD IRVVH

D[LDOH GH OD 0DUPDUD HW ^OH JROIH

G,]PLW

'HV OHYpV GHVWLQpV j OD FDUWH JpRORJLTXH ^GH 7XUTXLH ^HIIHFWXpV

HQ 7KUDFH _HQ HW HQ DYHF OD FROODERUDWLRQ GH =DWL 7HUQHN SHUPHWWHQW ^GH SUpFLVHU ÔHV FRQGLWLRQV JpRV\QFOLQDOHV ^GH FHWWH GpSUHVVLRQ HW ^GH UHFXOHU VRQ RULJLQH ^GDQV ÔH WHPSV /H VLOORQ _WUDQVpJpHQ UHQIHUPH GX &UpWDFp VXSpULHXU ^GDQV ÔH ^VHFWHXU GX JROIH ^{GH 6DURV} 'DQV ODSDUWLH 1: ^GH OD SpQLQVXOH ^GH *DOOLSROL UpJLRQ G$QDIDUWD ^: ^3HQFN ^D WURXYp ^GDQV XQ SXLVVDQW IO\VFK PDUQRJUpVHX[ ^GHV *U\SKpHV HW ^GHV 1HLWKHD GX &UpWDFp VXSp

ULHXU 'HV IDLWV SOXV SUpFLV HQFRUH RQW pWp REVHUYpV SDU ⁼ 7HUQHN DX YRLVLQDJH ^GH OD F{WH 1 GX _JROIH ^GH 6DURV DX ⁶ GX YLOODJH ^GH 7FKHOWLN /j DIIOHXUH XQ SRLQWHPHQW ^GH &UpWDFp VXSpULHXU ^VRXV IRUPH GH FDOFDLUHV JODXFRQLHX[ UHQIHUPDQW HQWUH DXWUHV

Les Alpides dans la région d&#039;Istanbul

Article

Reference