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HAL Id: inria-00072230

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072230

Submitted on 23 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

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About the linear-quadratic regulator problem under a fractional Brownian perturbation and complete

observation

Marina Kleptsyna, Alain Le Breton, Michel Viot

To cite this version:

Marina Kleptsyna, Alain Le Breton, Michel Viot. About the linear-quadratic regulator problem under a fractional Brownian perturbation and complete observation. [Research Report] RR-4358, INRIA.

2002. �inria-00072230�

(2)

ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--4358--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

About the linear-quadratic regulator problem under a fractional Brownian perturbation and

complete observation

Marina Kleptsyna, Alain Le Breton and Michel Viot

No 4358

January 18, 2002

TH ` EME 4

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Unit´e de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technop ˆole de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS L ` ES NANCY

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rh ˆone-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex

Unit´e de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex

Editeur ´

INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)

ISSN 0249-6399

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