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Markov Nets: Probabilistic Models for Distributed and Concurrent Systems

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HAL Id: inria-00072335

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072335

Submitted on 23 May 2006

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Markov Nets: Probabilistic Models for Distributed and Concurrent Systems

Albert Benveniste, Eric Fabre, Stefan Haar

To cite this version:

Albert Benveniste, Eric Fabre, Stefan Haar. Markov Nets: Probabilistic Models for Distributed and Concurrent Systems. [Research Report] RR-4253, INRIA. 2001. �inria-00072335�

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a p p o r t

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THÈME 4

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Markov Nets: Probabilistic Models for distributed and concurrent systems

Albert Benveniste, Eric Fabre, Stefan Haar

N° 4253 – version 2

version initiale Septembre 2001 – version révisée Mai 2003

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