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How to deal with point correspondences and tangential velocities in the level set framework

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HAL Id: inria-00071726

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071726

Submitted on 23 May 2006

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How to deal with point correspondences and tangential velocities in the level set framework

Jean-Philippe Pons, Gerardo Hermosillo, Renaud Keriven, Olivier Faugeras

To cite this version:

Jean-Philippe Pons, Gerardo Hermosillo, Renaud Keriven, Olivier Faugeras. How to deal with point correspondences and tangential velocities in the level set framework. RR-4857, INRIA. 2003. �inria- 00071726�

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ISRN INRIA/RR--4857--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈME 3

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

How to deal with point correspondences and tangential velocities in the level set framework

Jean-Philippe Pons — Gerardo Hermosillo — Renaud Keriven — Olivier Faugeras

N° 4857

Juin 2003

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