Prfli~noldObro - SERBO-CROATIAN SERBO-CROATIAN INSTITUTE INSTITUTE

doda5e

smrznuti se, da se smrzn!m, DodGre. sve je btlo

..

smrzn~to. ali sunce je s1jalo.

uprkos / usprkos hladnoća

doputovati, da doputuj!m

ikakav. ikakva. -o

• " f

Usprkos hladnoc!

doputovali smo bez

•

ikakvih pote~k6ća.

magla

mraz pl mrazovi / mrazev1

poled1ca

,

k1~ov1t..

-a..

^-o

maglovit, -a, -o

npa, ^~

nOBpaTaK, nOBpaTKa K8.RO CTe ce npAseJlH

I

^npJI

nospaTRY?

npRJJa~HOlllOđPO.

lloAtwe

CMPSHYTR... ce.

...

-Aa ce CMpSHeM, cMi>aao ce / cMpsHyO... ce cyHt(ea.

cHjaTR, cHjiM

t. I J.

~oAyme, CBe je đH~O

... _ I J.

CMpsHyTO, a~H cyHt(e Je cBjaJIO.

ynpxoc / ycnpKoC XJJaAHoha

AonyTOBaTH~ J Aa

-AonyTyjeM

, ,

HKaKAS, HKaKBa, -o

.

^~,

YnpKOC XJlaAHoLe AonYToSaJIH CKO

•

đes

• t. _

HKaKSRX Te1UKoha.

Mara~

MpQa, upaSOSR / MpaaeSH

..

nOJle.aBlla~

KHmOSIIT, -a, -o

Mar~OSHT. -a, -o

slippery

lt1s fog[gy] outside.

to predict storm hai l

or,

The radio predicted a haiIstorm.

shower

to cease, to stop to clear up (weather)

The rain has stopped and [the sky] has already cleared.

heat, hot l'm hot.

Note 33.1 jakoj

sklizav, -a, -o,

predk~zati, da predk!z~m oll1ja grad

tu~a

Mdio j e pred~zao oHIJu

I

tučom.

plj~sak, plj~ska pl pljuskovi prestati, da,

prestanI!

razvedriti se, da se razvedrI

.

^, ^,

vec se razvedrilo.

vrućina

vrilće mi je.

NOTES

KJI.H3aB, -a, -o Hri.nO.hY je' Mara.

'"

npeJXcKa3aTH, Aa

-npeAcKameM oJIYjaco

Ty'la,

Jo ' ,

PaJXHo je npeACKa3ao

J. '

OJ1yjy ca rpa.n;o'M.

~ a.

n.6ycaR, n.l»ycKa n.bycKoBH, npeCTaTH, Aa#

-npecTaHe

pa3BeAPHTH ce, Aa, ce pa3BeApi

• , I

KHma je npeCTa~ H

I ,

Beh ce pa3BeAPHJIO.

,

MeHH je spybHHa.

~elim da jedem supu, _teleće meso, i ako imate, crni hleb.

Ako voz stigne na vreme, ^mi nećemo zadoeniti za sastanak.

jakoj may be roughly translated tgiven the fact that'. While it frequently corresponds to 'ift, as in the above examples, it may also correspond to 1though, although'. The compound jfakoj is leven though, although1. Compare the uses of IAko! and jihkoj in the following sentences:

Ako je ta knjiga skupa, ja je ne If that book is expensive, I can1t buy it, although I need it.

Ako je skupa .. moram je kupiti ..

jer mi treba.

Although it is expensive .. I have to buy it because I need it.

The second sentence might be translated Igrant that it is expenslve •••t .. or the like.

Another example of

lakol

^is:

A. Imamo .. samo je dosta veliki.

B. Ako je .. dajte mi.

We have .. but itJs qUite big.

Give it to me even if it is (Igrant that it ls .. give [it] to met).

Following is a group of examples from the Basic Sentences which use

Iakoi:

1.1 a ~elim da jedem supu, teleće meso, i ako imate .. crni hleb.

1.1 a Ako imate vremena, možete ga sa~ekati.

1.1 a Ako niste zauzeti .. ja vam mogu pokazati jednu robnu kuću.

1.1 c Biće mi mila, ako mogu da vam u~inim neku uslugu.

1.1 e Ako ste umorni .. onda nemojte nigde _ići.

1.1 e Ako treba i vi im pomozite da kola budu što pre gotova.

1.1 e Ako ne možete da stojite tu dok se mi ne vratimo .. vi stanite negde u blizini.

1.1 e Zauzmite dva mesta u kupeu prve klase .. ako je _moguće, pored prozora.

These sentences lllustrate some of the constructions in which

lakol

^lifl

is found. Sentences containing

lakol

normally have at least two clauses, that with

lakol

(technically called the protasis) and one other, independent .. clause

(technically the apodosis). For example:

Protasis Ako imate vremena, Ako treba

The order may be reversed:

Apodosis Biće mi milo ..

Apodosis možete ga sa~ekati

i vi im pomozite itd.

Protasis

ako mogu da vam u(S1nim neku uslugu.

In order to show more clearly the variety of constructions in which

lakol

^occurs,

arbitrary numbers have been given to the verb which occurs after lakol and

arbitrary letters to the verb of the independent clause. The number l. signifies

the present tense after lakoj (as /imate/, Iniate/, /mogu/, etc. above). The letter ~ signifies the present tenee of the independent clause (as /želim/, /možete/, /mogu/ above). The letter _~ stands for the future _(/biće/) and _~ for the imperative (/nemojte/, /pomozite/, /stanite/, /zauzmite/). It must be kept in mind that either clause may contain several verbs. The numbers and letters refer to the primary verb or verb phrase of the clauses involved. For example:

Ako ~ vremena, možete ga sacekati.

1.1 a

Biće ^mi m~lo, ako mogu da vam _učinim, i.t.d.

c 1.1

Ako ne možete da stojite tu dok se mi ne vratimo, vi stanite negde u blizini.

1.1 e

The examples given illustrate only the present tense after lako/ but show three different forms in the apodosis:

Protasis 1.1 Present

Apodosis a Present c Future e Impera tive

The second number .1 in this example indicates that the verb is imperfective.

The number .2 will be used for the perfective. Study the following examples:

1.2 c Ako budemo suviše umorni, javićemo vam telefonom da nas uzalud ne cekate.

5.2 c Radovaće me ako vam ovi podaci budu bili od koristi.

The perfective present of /biti/ is used after /ako/ in both of these sentences (/budemo/, /budu/). In the first sentence /budemo/ is used with the adjective /umorn1/, lif we should be too tiredl. In the second example /budu/ 1s followed by the /1/ partic1ple: lif these data should [prove to] be of use l • While both

lif l clauses refer to the future, that with /budu/ plus the /1/ participIe is somewhat more indefinite and may refer to a later time in the future. The fol-lowing examples use a different verb:

1.2 c Ako voz stigne na vreme, mi nećemo zadocniti za sastanak.

These may both be translated IIf the train arrives on time, we wonlt be late for the meetingI. They may also be lif the train should arrive on time,' should the train arrive on time,' etc. Again the difference between the two is that the second is more indefinite.

There are more possible verb forms in both the

lako/

clause and the in-dependent one than are illustrated above. The common verb forms found in each are:

Protasis l /ako/ + present Apodosis a present

2 /ako/ + ^past ^b ^past

3 /ako/ + future c :f'uture

lj. /ako/ + conditjonal d ~conditional

(/bi/ + /1/ form)

5 /ako/ + /bude/ plus e imperative

/1/

participIe

Not all combinations of 1-5 with a-e are possible. The frequent ones are

found in GD 33.1 /ako/ plus future is less frequently used than the other con-structions and its use is restricted to very specific situations. These are illustrated in GD 33.1.3. The verb /će/ after /ako/ (with verbs other than /biti/) refers not to simple futurity but to determination (Will) on the part of

the subject: /ako će Jovan doći, doći ću i ja/ lif John wants to (and will) come, IIII come, tool. Under imperative we may include /neka/ plus verb.

As indicated above, the aspect of the verb should sometimes be taken into consideration. When the verb after /ako/ is present, it may be 1.1 imperfective or 1.2 perfective, as: 1.1 /ako radi/, /ako mogu/, /ako je/; 1.2 /ako stigne/, /ako bUde/. In 2, 4, 5, the numbers after the decimal (.1, .2) refer to the aspect of the participIe: 2.1 /ako je čekao/ 2.2 /ako je došao/. In 3 it refers to the infinitive. It should be noted that the first person imperfective of a verb is not normally used with reference to future time after /ako/.

ako ce -, 3.

Present of /hteti/

(in future) Fast of /biti/

(conditional)

4. ako bi -With /1/ ParticipIe

As Main Verb

I 1.1 ako je 2. ako je -5.

The following chart will help to clarify the formal relationship of the patterns involved. It compares the forms of /biti/ (and /hteti/) as used independently and as auxiliaries.

Present of /biti/

As seen by this chart 2. ind1cates the imperfective

Ijel

^(etc). A number after it refers to the aspect of the

III

participle, as noted above. the number

5.

ind1cates the corresponding use of the perfective Ibudel (etc.): 5.1 lako bude

čekaoI, 5.2 lako bude do~ao/.

Either clause may be affirmative or negative. The letter ~ may be added to show the negative:

1.1 en Ako ste umorni, onda nemojte n1gde _ići.

l.ln e Ako ne možete ••• , vi stanite ••~

Note 33.2 New Verbs

a/J! ^p doputovati da doputuj~m to arrive;

to travel back

I sijati ^, to

a sija: shine

V p d1lnuti ,

to blow da diInE!m

a I dllvati dUv!m

a I oblačati se _oblača: se to become

over-i I obliičiti se obla':čI se cast, covered

i P naoblačiti se da se _naobla':čt naobla:čen with clouds

a P pogor~ati se da se pogorša: pogor~an to worsen,

a I pogorš!vati se pogorša:v§ se deteriorate

i I pratiti prattm pracen^{" ,} to accompany,

i P dopratiti da dopratrm follow

a/Je ^p predsk~zati da predska:žem to predict

a/Je I predskazIvati predskt!zujem

i P preporllCit1 da preporiIcrm preport1čen to recozmnend a/J! I preporučIvati preporUčujem

prestati ,

V P da prestane to cease,

a/Je I prestajat1 prestaj~ stop

smrznuti se da se smrzn~m ^... to freeze

V p smrzao se

a I smrziIvat1 (se) smrza:va: (se) /smIaznuo se (/se/-1ntr.)

I vedriti se ,

to clear up

i vedrr se

i P razvedriti se da se razvedrr (of weather)

a I razvedr!vat1 se razvedr~a: se

GD 33.1 Learning Drill

Grammatical Drill

Following is the list of forms used in connection with

Iakoi.

^The

lakol

clause 'has its identifying number~ the other clause has its identifying letter.

The drill sentences are identified by these numbers and letters. In addition,

Ini

is used with either number or letter to indicate negative.

Protasis Apodosis

lakol

+ ^present ^a ^present

lakol

+ ^past ^b ^past

lakol

+ ^future ^c ^future

lakol

+ conditional d conditional

lakol

Ibudel

+ ^participle ^e ^imperative

Dans le document SERBO-CROATIAN SERBO-CROATIAN INSTITUTE INSTITUTE (Page 179-185)