Notice sur la vie et les travaux d'Edouard Sarasin

(1)

Article

Reference

Notice sur la vie et les travaux d'Edouard Sarasin

DE LA RIVE, Lucien

DE LA RIVE, Lucien. Notice sur la vie et les travaux d'Edouard Sarasin. Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles, 1917, vol. 4e période, t. 44, p. 321-344

DOI : 10.5169/seals-743235

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:155265

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

1 / 1

(2)

(3)

127,&(

685

/$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

'('28$5' 6$5$6,1

3$5

OX '( /$ 5,9(

/D IDPLOOH 6DUDVLQ GRULJLQH IUDQoDLVH HW UpIXJLpH ^j ^*HQqYH SRXU ^{FDXVH GH} UHOLJLRQ ^HVW ^GH ^FHOOHV TXL RQW ^GRQQp ^j OD UpSX EOLTXH ^GHV PDJLVWUDWV ^GH QRWRULpWp HW ^GHV FLWR\HQV ^GpYRXpV /H QRP GX V\QGLF ^-HDQ 6DUDVLQ TXL HQ SXEOLD XQH YLJRX UHXVH UpIXWDWLRQ ^GHV UHYHQGLFDWLRQV GX GXF ^GH 6DYRLH UHGHYH QXHV LQTXLpWDQWHV ^HVW UHVWpKLVWRULTXH HW GDQV XQH DXWUH VSKqUH

GDFWLYLWp

FHOXL GX PpGHFLQ -HDQ$QWRLQH 6DUDVLQ FRQWHPSR UDLQ ^GH _{OD SHVWH} j OD ILQ GX

;9,

^VLqFOH ^{HW TXL}

^pFULYLW

^{XQH pWXGH}

PpGLFDOH GRQW OLQIOXHQFH

IXW

VDOXWDLUH PpULWH GrWUH ^FLWp 4XDQW ^j OD SpULRGH PRLQV ORLQWDLQH GH QRWUH KLVWRLUH OH QRP ^GH OD IDPLOOH 6DUDVLQ VH UHWURXYH IUpTXHPPHQW ^GDQV OD OLVWH ^GHV PDJLVWUDWV HW ^GHV WKpRORJLHQV PDLV OD FDUULqUH VFLHQWLILTXH G(GRXDUG 6DUDVLQ HVW

SOXW{W

^XQH ^H[FHSWLRQ TXL WRXWHIRLV QRXV OH VDYRQV DYHF VDWLVIDFWLRQ ^HVW KpUpGLWDLUH

(GRXDUG 6DUDVLQ HVW Qp HQ j *HQqYH 6RQ JUDQGSqUH TXL DYDLW SDUWLFLSp ^j ^OD GLUHFWLRQ GXQH LPSRUWDQWH ^PDLVRQ ^GH EDQTXH ^j 3DULV

UHYLQW

VH IL[HU GpILQLWLYHPHQW ^j *HQqYH HW UHFRQVWUXLVLW ^GDQV ^OH ^GRPDLQH IDPLOLDO GX *UDQG6DFRQQH[ OD PDLVRQ j ORQJXH IDoDGH HW ^j SHUURQ VRXYUDQW VXU OD

SUDLULH

TXRQ \ YRLW DXMRXUGKXL ^6RQ SqUH 0 &KDUOHV 6DUDVLQ DYDLW

GHV JRWV GHSURSULpWDLUH

UXUDO

HW DYDLW pSRXVp OD

ILOOH

GX V\QGLF (LJDXG SHUVRQQDOLWp TXL D ODLVVp GDQV QRWUH _SD\V ^GHV VRXYHQLUV GXUDEOHV HW V\PSDWKLTXHV (G 6DUDVLQ DYDLW SRXU ^{OD PpPRLUH}

$UFKLYHV W ;/,9 ² 1RYHPEUH

(4)

127,&( 685 /$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

GH VRQ JUDQGSqUH PDWHUQHO XQH YpQpUDWLRQ j ODTXHOOH FHUWDLQHV GH_VHV DFWLYLWpV HQ

SDUWLFXOLHU

^VRQ DSWLWXGH DGPLQLVWUDWLYH ^HW VRQ JRW SURQRQFp SRXU ^OHV ^EHDX[DUWV ^QH ^VRQW ^SDV ^pWUDQJqUHV

,O ILW

VHV SUHPLqUHV ^pWXGHV ^j OpFROH /HFRXOWUH VXLYLW ^OD SUHPLqUH GX &ROOqJH FODVVLTXH SXLV ^OHV GHX[ ^DQQpHV GX

*\PQDVH

,O

^HQWUD ^HQVXLWH ^j

O,QVWLWXW

5RFKHWWH TXL SUpSDUDLW

OHV MHXQHV JHQV SRXU

O(FROH

&HQWUDOH ^GH 3DULV &H

QpWDLW

_SDV

GDQV

OLQWHQWLRQ

GH

OXL

IDLUH HPEUDVVHU OD FDUULqUH

GLQJpQLHXU

TXH ^OHV SDUHQWV ^GH 6DUDVLQ DYDLHQW GLULJp ^VRQ LQVWUXFWLRQ HQ

OXL

GRQQDQW XQ FDUDFWqUH SOXV VFLHQWLILTXH TXH

OLWWpUDLUH

^PDLV_SRXU VDWLVIDLUH VRQ SHQFKDQW SURQRQFp SRXU ^OHV VFLHQFHV H[DFWHV HW HQ

SDUWLFXOLHU

SRXU OD SK\VLTXH &HWWH SUpSDUDWLRQ

OXL SHUPLW GDOOHU

VXLYUH ^j 3DULV FRPPH H[WHUQH ^OHV FRXUV ^GH

O(FROH

3RO\WHFKQLTXH ^R SURIHVVDLHQW ^GHV VDYDQWV FRQQXV 5pJQDXOW

%UDYDLV 'HODXQD\

,O

^DOOD HQVXLWH FRPSOpWHU ^VHV ^pWXGHV HQ $OOHPDJQH GDERUG ^j

OXQLYHUVLWp

G+HLGHOEHUJ

TXLOOXVWUDLW

^OH ^UHQRP ^GX ^FKLPLVWH

%XQVHQ SXLV ^j

%HUOLQ

^R

LO

UHoXW ^XQ H[FHOOHQW DFFXHLO GX SK\

VLFLHQ 0DJQXV HW

IXW

DX QRPEUH ^GHV pWXGLDQWV SULYLOpJLpV

TXLO

UHFHYDLW ^GDQV VRQ ODERUDWRLUH

&pWDLW

HQ HW TXDWUH ^DQV SOXV

WDUG

^j ^OD ^PRUW ^GH 0DJQXV 6DUDVLQ

pFULYLW

_SRXU ^OH

MRXU

QDO OHV $UFKLYHV DXTXHO

LO

GHYDLW FRQVDFUHU XQH SDUWLH QRWDEOH

GH VRQ DFWLYLWp XQ

DUWLFOH

ELRJUDSKLTXH

TXLO

^IDXW

^UHOLUH

^/D

SDUW

GX SK\VLFLHQ EHUOLQRLV H[SpULPHQWDWHXU ^GH SUHPLHU RUGUH GDQV OD UHFWLILFDWLRQ GX FRHIILFLHQW GH GLODWDWLRQ GH

ODLU

^REWH

QXH VLPXOWDQpPHQW SDU 5pJQDXOW HWSDU

OXL

_\ ^HVW QHWWHPHQW pWD EOLH HW VRQ U{OH VFLHQWLILTXH KHXUHXVHPHQW UDSSHOp

,O

\ ^HVW

IDLW

DOOXVLRQ j

OKRVSLWDOLWp

HQFRUH WRXWH UpFHQWH GRQW

OpWXGLDQW

FRQVHUYH XQ VRXYHQLU UHFRQQDLVVDQW

'H UHWRXU ^FKH] VHV SDUHQWV ^HQ 6DUDVLQ QH WDUGD _SDV j

DFFHSWHU DYHF JUDQG HPSUHVVHPHQW OD SURSRVLWLRQ G$XJXVWH

GH OD 5LYH ^GH ODVVRFLHU DX[ UHFKHUFKHV H[SpULPHQWDOHV

TXLO

SRXUVXLYDLW ^GDQV ^OH ^PRGHVWH ODERUDWRLUH

TXLO

^DYDLW ^PRQWp ^GDQV XQ

SHWLW

DSSDUWHPHQW DX UH]GHFKDXVVpH GH VD PDLVRQ GH OD UXH ^GH

O+{WHOGH9LOOH

&HVW Oj

TXLO

^D

WUDYDLOOp GXUDQW

^OHV GL[

GHUQLqUHV DQQpHV GH VD YLH &H QHVW _TXDSUqV GHX[ RX WURLV DQV GH FHWWH

LQLWLDWLRQ

DX

WUDYDLO

H[SpULPHQWDO _TXH 6DUDVLQ VHKD VDUGD j

SXEOLHU

^XQ SUHPLHU PpPRLUH SHUVRQQHO VXU ID SKRV

(5)

GpGRXDUG

_VDUDVLQ

SLRUHVFHZFH ^GHVJD] UDUHILHV ^DSUqV ^IHSDVVDGH ^GH ^=D GpFKDUJH ^H=HF IQTZH

'HV UHODWLRQV GH IDPLOOH DYDLHQW OHXU

SDUW

^GDQV ÔD SUpGLOHFWLRQ TXH PRQWUDLW OH VDYDQWpPLQHQW GRQW ÔD UpSXWDWLRQ pWDLW ^HXUR SpHQQH SRXU ÔH ^MHXQH ^KRPPH TXL YHQDLW ^GHWHUPLQHU VHVpWXGHV PDLVFHUWDLQHV _DQDORJLHVGHFDUDFWqUHOH[SOLTXDLHQW^DXVVLHW DMRX WDLHQWj

OLQWpUrW

VFLHQWLILTXH ^GHV^KHXUHV^GHODERUDWRLUH ^OH FKDUPH GXQH DVVRFLDWLRQ GH WRXW SRLQW V\PSDWKLTXH ^'HOD 5LYH UHWURX

YDLW

^FKH] FH MHXQH FROODERUDWHXU FHW RSWLPLVPH SUHVTXH ^LQFRQV FLHQW TXL

WLHQW

XQH VL ODUJH SODFH ^GDQV OD YLH GH FHX[ TXL OH SRV VqGHQW HW OHXU IDFLOLWH WRXWHV OHXUV ^WkFKHV ([SpULPHQWDWHXU ^WUqV

DGURLW

_{OXLPrPH HW} GRXp j XQ KDXW _{GHJUp GX}VHQV SDU ^{OHTXHO OH} SK\VLFLHQ VDLVLW OH SRLQW

LPSRUWDQW

GXQH TXHVWLRQ

LO IXW

_SRXU 6DUDVLQ XQ JXLGH H[FHOOHQW /HV SK\VLFLHQV

GDXMRXUGKXL

^VH IHUDLHQW GLIILFLOHPHQW _{XQH LGpH} ^GHV GLIILFXOWpV GXQ

WUDYDLO

H[Sp

ULPHQWDO

VXU ^OHV JD] UDUpILpV

LO

_\ D TXHOTXH FLQTXDQWH ^DQV HW ^GH

WRXW

^FH TXH OHV SURJUqV ^GH

ORXWLOODJH

^RQW ^UpDOLVp SRXU ^FHWWH EUDQFKH _VSpFLDOH GH OD VFLHQFH 1pDQPRLQV FHV UHFKHUFKHV TXL RQW pWp GpSDVVpHV VRQW HQFRUH ERQQHV ^j FRQVXOWHU 4XH GH IRLV FHOXL TXL

pFULW

FHV OLJQHV D HQWHQGX 6DUDVLQ UDSSHOHU DYHF XQ YpULWDEOH HQWKRXVLDVPH FHVKHXUHVGH FROODERUDWLRQ _DYHF _$XJXVWH

GH OD 5LYH

LO

QH WDULVVDLW _SDV VXU ^OH FKDUPH GH _VD FRQYHUVDWLRQ VXU ^OHV UHVVRXUFHV ^GH VRQ HVSULW ^HW ^GH ^VD ^PpPRLUH

,O

^VHPEODLW

UHWURXYHU GDQV VHV VRXYHQLUV _XQ LGpDO ^j UpDOLVHU

/H PpPRLUH VXU ^OD SKRVSKRUHVFHQFH _{GHV JD]} SKpQRPqQH TXH

%HFTXHUHO DYDLW pWXGLp GDQV OHV WXEHV GH *HLVVOHU PRQWUH DYHF JUDQGH SUREDELOLWp

TXLO

^IDXW

ODWWULEXHU

^j OR[\JqQH RX PLHX[ ^j OR]RQH

SURGXLW

_{SDU OD} GpFKDUJH /HV JD] FRPSRVpV GH

OR[\

JqQH VRQW ^OHV ^VHXOV ^j _\ GRQQHU OLHX HW ODEVRUSWLRQ ^GH ^OR]RQH SDU ^GH OD _SRXGUH GDUJHQW SUpSDUpH ^j

ODLGH

GH ODFLGH IRUPLTXH DX

IXU

HW ^j PHVXUH ^GH VD SURGXFWLRQ ^QH OH ODLVVH SUHVTXH SDV VXEVLVWHU /HV WUDYDX[ VXEVpTXHQWV VRQW HQ FROODERUDWLRQ

LO VDJLW

^GH

ODFWLRQ

^GX PDJQpWLVPH VXU OD GpFKDUJH VRLW TXRQ pWXGLH VRQ LQIOXHQFH VXU OD GHQVLWp GX _JD] UDUpILp VRLW TXRLL REVHUYH OH PRXYHPHQW ^GH

URWDWLRQ

GX

MHW

OXPLQHX[ DXWRXU ^GH OD[H GH OpOHFWURDLPDXW

/

6RUHW GDQV VD ELRJUDSKLH ^GH $ GH OD 5LYH ^UpVXPH DLQVL OHV UpVXOWDWV 4XDQG RQ

IDLW

_{SDVVHU XQ}

MHW

pOHFWULTXH pTXDWRULD

(6)

127,&( 685 /$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

OHQLHQW HQWUH OHV S{OHV GXQ pOHFWURDLPDQW RQ REVHUYH XQH DXJPHQWDWLRQ ^GH UpVLVWDQFH WUqV FRQVLGpUDEOH DX FRQWUDLUH ^VL OH

MHW

^HVW GLULJp D[LDOHPHQW OD UpVLVWDQFHGLPLQXH QRWDEOHPHQW /RUVTXH OH

MHW

^HVW ^PLV ^HQ URWDWLRQ

LO

HQWUDvQH DYHF

OXL ODLU

^GH

OD FORFEH HW SHXW FRPPXQLTXHU ^VRQ PRXYHPHQW j ^GHV FRUSV OpJHUV OD YLWHVVH

DWWHLQW

FHQW WRXUV SDU^VHFRQGH

(Q 6DUDVLQ VH

MRLJQLW

^j /RXLV 6RUHW SRXU FRQWLQXHU ^OHV UHFKHUFKHV _RSWLTXHV _TXH _FH GHUQLHU DYDLW SUpFpGHPPHQW HQWUH SULVHV VXU ^OHV SURSULpWpV RSWLTXHV GX TXDUW] ^GDQV ^WRXWH

OpWHQ

GXH GX VSHFWUH ^HQ HPSOR\DQW ORFXODLUH IOXRUHVFHQW LQYHQWp SDU ^6RUHW ^&H ^SURFpGp ^FRQVLVWH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW j SODFHU ^DX IR\HU ^GH OD OXQHWWH GX VSHFWURVFRSH XQH ODPH IOXRUHVFHQWH _TXH

ORQ

^REVHUYH _SDU XQ RFXODLUH LQFOLQp VXU OD[H ^GH ÔD OXQHWWH 0R\HQQDQW FHWWH GLVSRVLWLRQ ÔHV ÊDQGHV QRLUHV GDQV OH VSHFWUH TXH

ORQ IDLW

FRwQFLGHU _DYHF_XQH FHUWDLQH UDLH GX VSHFWUH VRODLUH SHXYHQW DOOHU MXVTXj ^OD ^{UDLH L9}^GDQV

OXOWUDYLROHW

/HV UpVXOWDWV VRQW FRQVLJQpV GDQV GHX[ PpPRLUHV SXEOLpV ^GDQV ^OHV

(Q DWWHLJQDQW ^DLQVL XQH SRUWLRQ GX VSHFWUH LQXVLWpH ^OHV UpVXO WDWV SHUPHWWDLHQW ^GH YpULILHU OD IRUPXOH TXL UHOLH OH SRXYRLU URWDWRLUH j OD ORQJXHXU GRQGH HIIHFWLYHPHQW OD IRUPXOH DYHF GHX[ FRQVWDQWHV VH

WURXYDLW

LQVXIILVDQWH HW XQH DXWUH H[SUHVVLRQ SOXV FRPSOH[H VDFFRUGDLW DYHF FHV QRXYHOOHV PHVXUHV

3OXV

WDUG

6DUDVLQ ^GDQV XQ

WUDYDLO

_SRXU OHTXHO FRQWUDLUH PHQW ^j VRQ KDELWXGH

LO

^QH ^FKHUFKD SDV ^GH FROODERUDWHXU GpWHU PLQD OHV LQGLFHV RUGLQDLUH HW H[WUDRUGLQDLUH GX TXDUW] ^&HVW

DYHF XQ SULVPH ^jDUrWHV SDUDOOqOHV ^j OD[H GX FULVWDO ^GHGHJUpV GDQJOH UpIULQJHQW

TXLO

H[SpULPHQWD

,O

UHPDUTXH TXH ELHQ _TXH OHV GHX[ VSHFWUHV RUGLQDLUH HW H[WUDRUGLQDLUH VH VXSHUSRVHQW ^HQ SDUWLH

LO

^VXIILW ^GH ^PHWWUH ÔD ÔXQHWWH ÊLHQ ^DX SRLQW SRXU ^QH SRLQW ULVTXHU GrWUH ^JrQp

,O

^D SURORQJp OpFKHOOH ^GHV UDLHV REWHQXHV DYDQW

OXL

HQREVHUYDQW DXGHOj^GH ^OD UDLH GX &DGPLXP XQH UDLH IRXUQLH SDU ^OH ]LQF HW HQVXLWH WURLV UDLHV IRXUQLHV SDU

ODOXPL

QLXP ^&HV GHX[ VpULHV GH UHFKHUFKHV RQW ^pWp SXEOLpHV ^GDQV ^OHV 0UF7PLHV

,O

^DHQVXLWH pWHQGX VRQ

WUDYDLO

^j ^OD GpWHUPLQDWLRQ ^GH

OLQGLFH

^GH UpIUDFWLRQ _{GX VSDWK} G,VODQGH HW GX VSDWK IOXRU

/HV TXHVWLRQV ^GH SK\VLTXH TXL ^VDQV ^rWUH ^GX ^UHVVRUW ^GH ^OD ^Pp WpRURORJLH SURSUHPHQW GLWH VRQW FHSHQGDQW GDQV XQH GpSHQ GDQFH GLUHFWH GH OD QDWXUH HW VLPSRVHQW ^j

ODWWHQWLRQ

^GHV

(7)

'e'28$5' _6$5$6,1 VDYDQWV GH QRWUH _SD\V ^WHOV HQ

SDUWLFXOLHU

TXH OH PRXYHPHQW GH OHDX ^GHV ODFV HW OHXU WUDQVSDUHQFH LQWpUHVVDLHQW 6DUDVLQ HW OH FDSWLYDLHQW -H PH VRXYLHQV TXH GXUDQW XQH YLVLWH _TXH

MH

^IDL

VDLV DX *UDQG6DFRQQH[

LO

PH PHQD DX ERXW ^GH VHV FKDPSV YRLU XQ EDURPqWUH GXQH FRQVWUXFWLRQ WRXWH UXVWLTXH 4XRQ PH SHUPHWWH

LFL

XQH GLJUHVVLRQ HQ UDSSHODQW ^HQ SDUODQW G(GRXDUG 6DUDVLX FH

TXpWDLW

_SRXU

OXL

VD FDPSDJQH GX *UDQG6DFRQQH[

6HV DPLV JHQHYRLV HW^OHV VDYDQWV pWUDQJHUV TXL ^j OHXU _SDVVDJH

j *HQqYH UHFHYDLHQWGDQV FHWWH^GHPHXUH OKRVSLWDOLWp ^j ODTXHOOH SUpVLGDLW 0 6DUDVLQ DYHF OD FRUGLDOLWp HW OD VLPSOLFLWp TXL

OXL

pWDLHQW QDWXUHOOHV ^DVVRFLHQW OH VRXYHQLU

G(G

6DUDVLQ j

FHWWH _FDPSDJQH YRLVLQH GH *HQqYH PDLV R

ORQ MRXLW

^GH ^OD

WUDQTXLOOLWp

^GHV FKDPSV ^&H VRQW ^GHV SUpV SDUVHPpV ^GH JUDQGV FKrQHV VpWDODQW VXU XQ

SOL

^GH

WHUUDLQ

TXL GHVFHQG YHUV OH -XUD HW TXL ^VH UHOqYH _YHUV OD PRQWDJQH SDU ^XQ ULGHDX GH ERLV pWDJpV

&HWWH JUDQGHSURSULpWp

UXUDOH

VDWLVIDLVDLWFRPSOqWHPHQW^VHVJRWV

GDJULFXOWXUH

HW UpDOLVH XQ FHUWDLQ LGpDO GH SD\VDJH JHQHYRLV TXXQ SHLQWUH ^GH WDOHQW ^/pRQ *DXG D IL[p SRXU

OXL

VXU OD WRLOH 'HYHQX GH ERQQH KHXUH SURSULpWDLUH ^6DUDVLX

IXW

^QRPPp ^PDLUH

GH VD FRPPXQH j YLQJWVL[ DQV HW FHV IRQFWLRQV WUqV DVWUHL JQDQWHV ^PDLV GRQW OLPSRUWDQFH ^GDQV ^{OH GRPDLQH} PRUDO ^GHV UHODWLRQV HQWUH OHVKDELWDQWV GXQHPrPHFRPPXQH QH SHXW ^rWUH FRQWHVWpH

LO

^OHV ^D ^H[HUFpHV SHQGDQW TXDUDQWHFLQT DQV DYHF XQ LQODVVDEOH GpYRXHPHQW /HV *HQHYRLV VH UDSSHOOHQW ^GH TXHOOH WRXFKDQWH FpUpPRQLH VD GpPLVVLRQ

LO

\ ^D XQ DQ

IXW

_DFFRPSD

JQpH TXDQG ^OHV DXWRULWpV FDQWRQDOHV VH

MRLJQLUHQW

DX[ UHVVRU WLVVDQWV GX *UDQG6DFRQQH[SRXU H[SULPHU OHXUV UHJUHWV HW OHXU UHFRQQDLVVDQFH

/H EDURPqWUH GRQW

LO

^HVW TXHVWLRQ FRQVLVWDLW ^HQ XQ WXEH ^GH IRQWH YHUWLFDO _VHQIRQoDQW GDQV OH VRO HW SORQJHDQW GDQV XQH FDYLWp UHPSOLH ^GH JURV FDLOORX[ /RUVTXH OD SUHVVLRQ DWPRVSKp ULTXH ^HVW HQ EDLVVH

LO

VRUW ^GX WXEH ^j UDV GX VRO XQ FRXUDQW

GDLU

WUqV YLI /D FDUDFWpULVWLTXH ^GH FHV SZLWH GRQW OH

'*HUOLHU

DYDLW GRQQp UpFHPPHQW OD GHVFULSWLRQ ^GDQV ^OHV

-UFLL

W!HV HVW GrWUH IRUpV GDQV XQ

OLW

^GH JUDYLHU IRUPDQW SDU^OHV ^YLGHV HQWUH ^OHV FDLOORX[ XQH VRUWH GH PDVVH VSRQJLHXVH TXL

UHWLHQW ODLU

(G 6DUDVLQ TXL VRFFXSDLW FRPPH RQ OH YHUUD SOXV ORLQ

GH OD UDGLRDFWLYLWp _{TXH OH} VRO FRPPXQLTXH ^j

ODLU

^DYDLW ^GDQV ^FH

(8)

127,&( 68( /$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

EXW SURILWp GXQ

OLW

^GH JUDYLHU GDQV OH VRXVVRO GH

OXQ

^GH VHV FKDPSV HW VHV REVHUYDWLRQV DYDLHQW FRUURERUp VRQ K\SRWKqVH TXH

ODLU

VRUWDQW ^GX SXLWV pWDLW QRWDEOHPHQW SOXV UDGLRDFWLI _TXH

ODLU

DXGHVVXV GX VRO (Q OpFRXWDQW

MH

FRPSULV _TXH ^VHV JRWV VFLHQWLILTXHV VDVVRFLDLHQW LFL DX

SODLVLU TXLO

^VH ^GRQQDLW ^YRORQ WLHUV GrWUH HQ FRQWDFW DYHF OD QDWXUH HW VD GLYHUVLWp GH PDQL WHVWDWLRQV HW

MH

UHWURXYH FHWWH LPSUHVVLRQ HQ UHOLVDQW

OLQWUR

GXFWLRQ GH VRX GLVFRXUV SUpVLGHQWLHO ^j ^OD ^{VHVVLRQ GH} ^OD^6RFLpWp KHOYpWLTXH ^GHV ^6FLHQFHV QDWXUHOOHV ^j ^*HQqYH HQ ^&H GLV FRXUV DYDLW SRXU VXMHW

©O+LVWRLUH

^GHV ^6HLFKHV _{ª FH}EDODQFHPHQW GH OHDX GX ODF REVHUYp VXUWRXW VXU ^OH /pPDQ HW 6DUDVLQ UDS SHODQW ^OH VSHFWDFOH JUDQGLRVH _TXH FH ODF RIIUH _DX UHJDUG YX GX VRPPHW GX -XUD SDUOH ^GH ^FHIH ZDSSH GHDD PF\HVIZHZVH oZH GHV SLGVDILRZV

UDSLqUHVRZI \ZILFLSHU

^{j ID} ^PDUFWH ^GD ^IHPMRV

(X 6DUDVLQ FROODERUDLW DYHF )$ )RUHO HW ^3K 3ODQWD PRXU ^j OpWXGH GX SKpQRPqQH ^GHV VHLFKHV 2Q GRLW j )RUHO

GDYRLU

^OH _SUHPLHU _pWDEOL VRLW SDU ^VHV REVHUYDWLRQV j 0RUJHV VRLW SDU ^VHV H[SpULHQFHV GLUHFWHV VXU OH EDODQFHPHQW

DUWLILFLHO

GH OHDX GDQV GHVEDVVLQV DOORQJpV ^OHVORLV GHV RVFLOODWLRQV ODFXV WUqV /D WKpRULH PDWKpPDWLTXH HW HQ

SDUWLFXOLHU

^OH

WUDYDLO

UHPDUTXDEOH ^GH

OLQJpQLHXU

^{3 GX %R\V} _SDUX ^GDQV ^OHV

+UFKLP

HQ FRQILUPD VHV UpVXOWDWV ^{'DQV OH} EHO RXYUDJH ^VL FRQQX

SDUW

^GH ^6DUDVLQ

GDQV OH[WHQVLRQ TXD SULVH OREVHUYDWLRQ ^GHV RVFLOODWLRQV ODFXV WUqV ^GXH ^j OHPSORL

TXLO

^D

IDLW

OXLPrPH GXQ OLPQLPqWUH HQUH JLVWUHXU WUDQVSRUWDEOH GH VRQ LQYHQWLRQ HW ^j ODGRSWLRQ ^GH ^FHW LQVWUXPHQW SDU GDXWUHV REVHUYDWHXUV

&HV LQWUXPHQWV TXL VRQW XQH YDULDQWH GX PDUpRJUDSKH

XWL

OLVp GHSXLV ORQJWHPSV FRQVLVWHQW HQ XQH WLJH YHUWLFDOH ^PRQWpH VXU XQ

IORWWHXU

WLJH TXL SRUWH ^j ^VD SDUWLH VXSpULHXUH XQFUD\RQ GHYDQW OHTXHO ^VH GpURXOH _XQ SDSLHU FRQGXLW SDU XQ ^PRXYHPHQW GKRUORJHULH ^/H ^QLYHDX ^GH OHDX GDQV ODTXHOOH _QDJH OH

IORWWHXU

HVW UHSpUp ^j FKDTXH LQVWDQW HW ^OHV RVFLOODWLRQV GX QLYHDX HQUH JLVWUpHV 3RXU _XQ OLPQLPqWUH ^j _SRVWH IL[H RQ FUHXVH XQ SXLWV GDQV OH YRLVLQDJH LPPpGLDW ^GX ODF GRQW OD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DYHF OH QLYHDX GX ODF HVW DVVXUpH SDU ^XQ ^WXEH ^GH GLDPqWUH ^VXIILVDQW /H OLPQLPqWUH WUDQVSRUWDEOH SRUWH ^DYHF

OXL

XQ JUDQG F\OLQGUH RXYHUW ^j ^VHV ^{GHX[ ERXWV} TXL SORQJH ^GDQV OH ODF HW UHPSODFH OH

(9)

GpGRXDUG

VDUDVLQ SXLWV ^GDQV OHTXHO OH

IORWWHXU

_QDJH _{'H SOXV OD} ^FDLVVH FRQWHQDQW

OHQUHJLVWUHXU

^HW ^VRQ KRUORJH ^HVW SURWpJpH VXIILVDPPHQW FRQWUH OHV LQWHPSpULHV HW

LO

VXIILW SRXU

LQVWDOOHU OLQVWUXPHQW

^GH ^OD

SRVHU VXU OH PXU GXQH WHUUDVVH GRQQDQW VXU ^OH ODF

&HVWFHTXH

ILW

^6DUDVLQ^j ^OD ^7RXU ^GH 3HLO] GDQV XQH SURSULpWp DSSDUWHQDQW ^{j VD} PqUH HW ^OHV REVHUYDWLRQV TXLUpVXOWHQWGX

WUD

YDLO HQWUHSULV VLPXOWDQpPHQW SDU ^3K 3ODQWDPRXU ^j 6pFKHURQ HW SDU

OXL

^IDLWHV _SDU FRQVpTXHQW DX[ ^GHX[ H[WUpPLWpV GX ODF RQW _XQH LPSRUWDQFH ^GpFLVLYH ^HQ ^FRQVWDWDQW OD VLPXOWDQpLWp LQYHUVH ^GHV GHX[ PRXYHPHQWV ^{'DQV OH}PpPRLUH SXEOLpHQ OHV FRQFOXVLRQV VRQW ^OHV VXLYDQWHV

/HV RVFLOODWLRQV OHV SOXV OHQWHV FHOOHV ^GH PLQXWHV TXDQG RQ SHXW ^HQ REVHUYHU XQH VpULH ^j 9HYH\ VRQWHQ RSSRVLWLRQ VLPXO WDQpH DYHF FHOOHV ^GH *HQqYH &H VRQW ^OHV XXLQRGDOHV OHXU EDX

WHXU

^HVW ^OH _TXDUW RX OH FLQTXLqPH ^GH ^FHOOHV ^j ^*HQqYH ^/HV ELQR GDOHV RX RVFLOODWLRQV GH PLQXWHV RQW OD PrPH KDXWHXU ^j 9HYH\ HW ^j ^*HQqYH HW VRQW V\QFKURQHV HQ UpVXOWH

TXLO

^IDXW ELHQ FRPPH RQ

OD

GpMj

IDLW

^OHV

LQWHUSUrWHU

^j ^*HQqYH SDU OD VXSHUSRVLWLRQ ^GHV ^GHX[ RVFLOODWLRQV &H

IXW

Oj XQ HFSPUQHZIWWP HUZHLV TXL QH ODLVVD _{SDV GH} GRXWH VXU ^OH ^PRGH

DOWHUQDWLI

^GH EDODQFHPHQW GX EDVVLQ

/H ODF GH 1HXFKkWHO ELHQ TXHQ _DSSDUHQFH ^GH IRUPH UpJX OLqUH QH GRQQD _TXH GHV WUDFpV LPSUpFLV HW ^GHV VpULHV SHX QRP EUHXVHV &H UpVXOWDW QpJDWLI DYDLW ^VD YDOHXU HQ FRQILUPDQW OD WKpRULH PDWKpPDWLTXH GDSUqV ODTXHOOH XQ

UHOLHI LUUpJXOLHU

^GX IRQG GX EDVVLQ QH SHUPHW SDV ^j XQ ^PRXYHPHQW UpJXOLqUHPHQW SpULRGLTXH ^GH

VpWDEOLU

HQ HIIHW OH IRQG GX ODF ^GH 1HXFKkWHO HVW VXEGLYLVp SDU ^XQH ^VRUWH ^GH ^FROOLQH ^VRXV ^ODFXVWUH (Q _UHYDQ

FKH OHODF^GHV 4XDWUH&DQWRQV PDOJUp ^VD IRUPH HQ FURL[ ^RVFLOOH GDQV OHV GHX[ VHQV DYHF UpJXODULWp ^6DUDVLQ

ILW

^GHV REVHUYDWLRQV

j <YHUGRQ HW ^j 1HXFKkWHO SXLV ^j /XFHUQH HW j .XVVQDFKW HW ODLVVD ^j GDXWUHV ^OH VRLQ GH SRXUVXLYUH FHV UHFKHUFKHV 'HV

OLP

QLPqWUHV WUDQVSRUWDEOHV RQW ^pWp LQVWDOOpV HQ GDXWUHV ORFDOLWpV VRLW HQ 6XLVVH VRLW HQ $OOHPDJQH

/D 6RFLpWp GH 3K\VLTXH HW

G+LVWRLUH

^1DWXUHOOH ^GH ^*HQqYH DYDLW FRQVWLWXp _XQH FRPPLVVLRQ SRXU OpWXGH ^GH OD WUDQVSDUHQFH GH OHDX GX /pPDQ GRQW (G 6DUDVLQ HW + )RO IDLVDLHQW SDUWLH (Q FHV GHX[ VDYDQWV GpWHUPLQqUHQW GDQV OH JUDQG ^ODF

(10)

_127,&( 685 /$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

HQ DYDQW

G(YLDQ

^OD

OLPLWH

^GH OD SURIRQGHXU ^GH ^OD SpQpWUDWLRQ

GHOD OXPLqUH 7DQGLV TXDYDQW HX[ RQ

VpWDLW

ERUQp j LPPHU JHU ^GHV ^SODTXHV SKRWRJUDSKLTXHV XQH IRLV OD

QXLW

YHQXH HW j OHV

UHWLUHU

OD QXLW VXLYDQWH LOV HPSOR\qUHQW XQ DSSDUHLO ^VSpFLDO XQH ERvWH PpWDOOLTXH ^GDQV ODTXHOOH OD _SODTXH pWDLW VRXVWUDLWH j OD OXPLqUH GXUDQW VD GHVFHQWH HW TXL VRXYUDLWDXWRPDWLTXHPHQW j ODSURIRQGHXU^YRXOXH /HV SODTXHV pWDLHQW HQJpODWLQREURPXUH UDSLGH ^'HV UpVXOWDWV SUpFLV HW LPSRUWDQWV ^VH ^UpVXPHQW ^GH ^OD PDQLqUH VXLYDQWH

/D OXPLqUH _SpQqWUH HQ VHSWHPEUH ^j PqWUHV ^GH SURIRQ GHXU HW OD IRUFH GpFODLUDJH ^HVW FRPSDUDEOH ^j FHOOH GXQH

QXLW

FODLUH VDQV OXQH

$ PqWUHV OpFODLUDJH ^HVW QXO

(X VHSWHPEUH SDU ^XQ ^WHPSV ^FRXYHUW OD SpQpWUDWLRQ ^HVW SOXV IRUWH _{TXHQ DRW} SDU ^{XQ FLHO} FODLU ^FH TXL ^HVW SUREDEOHPHQW G

j OD PRLQGUH TXDQWLWp ^GH ^VDEOH WHQXH HQ VXVSHQVLRQ

&HV H[SpULHQFHV

IXUHQW

UpSpWpHV DYHF OH PrPH DSSDUHLO SDU )RO _{HW 6DUDVLQ} ^j ERUG GXQ DYLVR GH OD PDULQH IUDQoDLVH DX ODUJH ^GH OD UDGH GH9LOOHIUDQFKH GDQVOD0pGLWHUUDQpH /D _SpQp

WUDWLRQ

^GH OD OXPLqUH GHVFHQG SOXV SURIRQGpPHQW ^GDQV ÔD 0pGL WHUUDQpH _{TXH GDQV} OH ODF /pPDQ ÔHV ^FRXFKHV^VLWXpHV ^j ^Pq WUqV ^GH SURIRQGHXU ^VRQW ^pFODLUpHV WRXWH ÔDMRXUQpH TXHOTXH VRLW ODQJOH GX VROHLO HW OD SpQpWUDWLRQ ^QH VDUUrWH TXj PqWUHV GH SURIRQGHXU

(G 6DUDVLQ D DLQVL QRWDEOHPHQW DJUDQGL ÔHV OLPLWHV GH QRV FRQQDLVVDQFHV H[DFWHV HQ FH TXL FRQFHUQH OH U{OH GH 7DEVRUS WLRQ GH OD OXPLqUH SDU OHDX ^GHV ÔDFV ^HW ^GH OD PHU VXU ÔHV ^F{WHV PpULGLRQDOHV GH OD )UDQFH

(Q +HUW] SXEOLD ^GDQV ^OHV ^0UDZDWHQ ^GHU 3IWSVLIW VRQ FpOq EUH PpPRLUH VXU ^WHV RVFGWHGLRZV pWHGULJLWHV ^WUqV UDSLGHV ^HW FHVW GHX[ DQV SOXV

WDUG TXLO

ÛpVXPD SRXU ÔHV ^-UFLLXHV ^VHV ÛHFKHU

FKHV VXU ^ORQGH pOHFWULTXH ^j

OD

^GHPDQGH ^GH ^6DUDVLQ

,O

^HVW

PRLQV DLVp TXRQ OH VXSSRVH DSUqV FRXS ^GH VDLVLU OD SRUWpH GXQH GpFRXYHUWH ^VL

EULOODQWH

VRLWHOOH 6DJLVVDLWLO GXQH H[

WHQVLRQ ^GHV GpFRXYHUWHV GH /RGJH HW ^GH )HGGHUVHQ ^GHV GpFKDU JHV DOWHUQDQWHV GH OD ERXWHLOOH GH /H\GH" (Q _TXRL +HUW] FRQILU

PDLWLO

^VDQV FRQWHVWDWLRQ SRVVLEOH OD WKpRULH ^GH 0D[ZHOO"

,O

DXUDLW

IDOOX FRPSUHQGUH LPPpGLDWHPHQW _TXH

OH[FLWDWHXU

^GRQ

(11)

GpGRXDUG

_VDUDVLQ

OLDLW

XQH GpFKDUJH RVFLOODQWH FHQW ^IRLV SOXV UDSLGH _TXH FH TXRQ DYDLW REWHQX MXVTXHOj ^HW TXH OH UpVRQDWHXU GpFHODLW ORQGH pOHFWULTXH VH SURSDJHDQW ^GDQV

ODLU

(Q 6DUDVLQ UHYHQDLW GH %kOH HW _\ DYDLW _UHoX ^GH +DJHQEDFK ^GHV UHQVHLJQHPHQWV FLU FRQVWDQFLpV VXU OD GpFRXYHUWH GX SURIHVVHXU ^GH %RQQ

LO

^{PH OHV}

FRPPXQLTXD TXDQG

MH

^OH ^UHQFRQWUDL ^HW QRXV UpVROPHV GH UpSp

WHU

FHV H[SpULHQFHV TXL QH[LJHDLHQW SDV GHV DSSDUHLOV ^ELHQ FRPSOLTXpV

&H

IXW

GDQV OHODERUDWRLUH_TXH6RUHW HW 6DUDVLQVpWDLHQWUpVHUYp GDQV OHV EkWLPHQWV ^GH OD 6RFLpWp GX &KHPLQ *RXUJDV TXH

(G

6DUDVLQ HW

/

^GH OD 5LYH SRXUVXLYLUHQW ^OHXUV ^UHFKHUFKHV GXUDQW GHX[ DQQpHV FRQVpFXWLYHV /D _SUHPLqUH SDUWLH ^GH

OHXU WUDYDLO

SRUWD VXU OD SURSDJDWLRQ ^GH ORQGH OH ORQJ ^GH ^GHX[ ILOV ^FRQGXF WHXUV ^VH

WHUPLQDQW

GXQH

SDUW

^YLVjYLV ^GHV GHX[ FDSDFLWpV ^GH

OH[FLWDWHXU

RX SULPDLUH SDU ^GHX[ ^SODTXHV PpWDOOLTXHV HW ODLV

VpHV LVROpHV j OHXU DXWUH H[WUpPLWp /RQGH ^VHUpIOpFKLW j

OH[WUp

PLWp LVROpH GXQH PDQLqUH DQDORJXH ^j FH TXL ^VH SDVVH SRXU ORQGH _VRQRUH j

OH[WUpPLWp GXQ

WX\DX RXYHUW ^HW

LO

^HQ ^UpVXOWH

XQH RQGH pOHFWURPDJQpWLTXH VWDWLRQXDLUH DYHF ^GHV Q°XGV HW GHV YHQWUHV ^&HV PLQLPD HW PD[LPD GDFWLRQ LQGXFWULFH DFWLRQQDQW OH UpVRQDWHXU FLUFXODLUH GRQW OH SODQ HVW QRUPDO ^j OD GLUHFWLRQ GHV ILOV HW TXL HVW GpSODFp HQ PDLQWHQDQW VRQ FHQWUH VXU OD[H ^GHV GHX[ ILOV ^GRQQHQW OLHX j

OH[WLQFWLRQ

HW ^j OD UpDS

SDULWLRQ

^GH ^OpWLQFHOOH

/LQWHUQ°XG

PHVXUH FRPPH RQ OH VDLW OD GHPLORQJXHXU ^{GRQGH /H} W\SH ^GH

SULPDLUH

^HPSOR\p SDU +HUW] FRPSRUWDLW ^GHX[ FDSDFLWpV TXL^VRQW ^GHV VSKqUHV ^GH FP GH GLDPqWUH HW ^GHV WLJHV ^GH ODLWRQ ^GH PP ^GH GLDPqWUH HW ^GH FP ^GH ORQJXHXU WHUPLQpHV SDU ^GHX[ ^SHWLWHV ^VSKqUHV ^HQWUH OHVTXHOOHV pFODWH OpWLQFHOOH 6DUDVLQ HW ^GH OD 5LYH HPSOR\qUHQW

FH SULPDLUH HW DXVVL GDXWUHV SULPDLUHV ^GH GLPHQVLRQV SOXV SHWLWHV 4XDQW DX[ WURLV UpVRQDWHXUV FLUFXODLUHV HPSOR\pV OHXUV GLPHQVLRQV IXUHQW FP ^FP HW FP ^GH GLDPqWUH /HV LQWHUQ°XGV

TXLOV

^WURXYqUHQW ^HQ

SDUWLFXOLHU

DYHF OH SUH PLHU DYDLHQW VHQVLEOHPHQW OD PrPH YDOHXU _TXH ^FHOOH PHQWLRQ

QpH SDU +HUW] ^P ^DX OLHX ^GH _P 3DU FRQWUH OD GpSHQ GDQFH HQWUH ^OH SULPDLUH ^{HW OH} VHFRQGDLUH QH SUpVHQWDLW SDV ^OH 2Q GpVLJQH VRXYHQW DLQVL OD 6RFLpWp SRXU OD &RQVWUXFWLRQ GHV ,QVWUX PHQWV ^GH 3K\VLTXH HW ^GH 0pFDQLTXH

(12)

127,&( 685 /$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

FDUDFWqUH GH SUpFLVLRQ TXRQ

DXUDLW

_SX

OXL

_VXSSRVHU OLQWHQVLWp

GH

OHIIHW

GDQV OHV PD[LPD pWDLW ELHQ XQ SHX SOXV JUDQGH TXDQG DYHF OH FHUFOH GH RQ HPSOR\DLW OH JUDQG

SULPDLUH

^PDLV

FH PrPH FHUFOH DYHF XQ SULPDLUH GLIIpUHQW ^FRQVHUYDLW ^OH PrPH LQWHUQ°XG _HW

LO

HQ pWDLW GH PrPH SRXU ^OHV ^DXWUHV ^UpVR QDWHXUV

$

FH

IDLW

TXL DYDLW VRQ LPSRUWDQFH LOV ^GRQQqUHQW OD GpVLJQDWLRQ GH UHVRLPZFH PXILSIH HW

LO

^VXIILW ^GH UHPDU TXHU LFL TXHOOH QH SHUPHW SDV GH SUpFLVHU OD ORQJXHXU ^GRQGH GXQH RQGH pPLVH SDU ^OH

SULPDLUH

ODTXHOOH SHXW rWUH FDOFXOpH WKpRULTXHPHQW ^PDLV VHXOHPHQW FHOOH GH WHO _RX WHO VHFRQGDLUH (Q GDXWUHV _WHUPHVODFFRUG GH UpVRQDQFH SOXV RX PRLQV FRP SOHW ^HQWUH ^OH SULPDLUH ^HW ^OH ^VHFRQGDLUH QH VH

WUDGXLW

SDV SDU ^XQ FKDQJHPHQW ^GH

OD

ORQJXHXU GRQGH ^PHVXUpH SDU ^OH ^VHFRQGDLUH /D SURSDJDWLRQ ^GDQV

ODLU IXW

HQVXLWH pWXGLpH SDU^OH ^PrPH SURFpGp 'DQV FH FDV FHVW OD UpIOH[LRQ QRUPDOH VXU XQH SDURL PpWDOOLTXH TXL ^GRQQH OLHX ^j ORQGH VWDWLRQQDLUH ^/HV ^GLPHQVLRQV GX

PLURLU

_PpWDOOLTXH _TXH _FRPSRUWDLW ^OH ORFDO

QpWDLHQW

_SDV VXI ILVDQWHV SRXU REWHQLU ^GHV UpVXOWDWV SUpFLV FDU OD ORQJXHXU ^GH ^FH

PLURLU

P

pWDLW

LQIpULHXUH j XQH GHPLORQJXHXU GRQGH GX JUDQG UpVRQDWHXU 1pDQPRLQV SRXU ^OHV ^FHUFOHV ^GH

SHWLW

^GLDPq

WUH

^SOXVLHXUV ^Q°XGV FRQVpFXWLIV SHUPHWWDLHQW ^GH ^FRQVWDWHU TXH OD SURSDJDWLRQ ^GDQV

ODLU

^DYDLW ^OD ^PrPH YLWHVVH TXH OH ORQJ ^GHV ILOV (Q VXU OH SUpDYLV IDYRUDEOH ^GH 7K

7XUUHWWLQL

^OHV

H[SpULPHQWDWHXUV REWLQUHQW OD SHUPLVVLRQ ^GH SRXUVXLYUH FHV

UHFKHUFKHV ^j XQH EHDXFRXS SOXV JUDQGH pFKHOOH GDQV

O8VLQH

GHV )RUFHV 0RWULFHV GX 5K{QH /D ^VXUIDFH PpWDOOLTXH ^UpIOpFKLV VDQWp pWDLW _XX UHFWDQJOH ^GH P GH KDXW VXU ^GH ODUJH 3RXU REVHUYHU

OpWLQFHOOH

^j ^GHV ^GLVWDQFHV YDULDEOHV GX

PLURLU

OH ORQJ GH OD QRUPDOH GH FHWWH VXUIDFH ^j P DXGHVVXV GX VRO RQ pWD

EOLWXQ

SRQW ^VXU ^FKHYDOHWV UHFRXYHUW GXQ OpJHU EkWL HQWRXUp ^GH SDSLHU QRLU LQWHUFHSWDQW FRPSOqWHPHQW OH

MRXU

^HW ^GDQV

OLQWp ULHXU

GXTXHO ^VH

WURXYDLW

^{OH EDQF} ^GH PHVXUH ^j FRXOLVVH R

ORQ

IDLVDLW JOLVVHU ÔH UpVRQDWHXU /H SULPDLUH ^DFWLRQQp SDU ^XQH ERELQH5KXPNRUII GH FP ^GH ORQJ pWDLW SODFp DXGHOj GX EkWL HW SRXU ÔH UpVRQQDWHXU ^GH P ^RQ SXW REWHQLU ^GHX[ ^Q°XGV FRQVpFXWLIV ^j P HW ^j P ÛHOLpV SDU ^{XQH FRXUEH} GLQWHQVLWp

GH OpWLQFHOOH TXL pWDEOLVVDLW QHWWHPHQW OH[LVWHQFH ^GH ORQGH VWDWLRQQDLUH (X HPSOR\DQW OH FHUFOH GH FP GRQW

OLQWHU

(13)

GpGRXDUG VDUDVLQ Q°XG HVW GH P XQH H[SpULHQFH GpPRQVWUDWLYH ^GH ORQGH VWDWLRQQDLUH SXW rWUH PRQWUpH DX[ TXHOTXHV SHUVRQQHV

TXDWWL

UDLHQW OD FXULRVLWp VFLHQWLILTXH (Q IDLVDQW JOLVVHU^{OH FHUFOH} GXQ ERXW j

ODXWUH

^{GX EDQF} ^j FRXOLVVH RQ REWHQDLW RQ]H DSSDULWLRQV HW H[WLQFWLRQV VXFFHVVLYHV VXU XQH ORQJXHXU GXQ _SHX _SOXV ^GH

P

/HV FRQFOXVLRQV

IXUHQW

_TXH ^WHV UpVRvLDIHDUV DYDWHZI WP LQIHU

Z°ZWI FRQVWHQI GDQV

IDLU

^FRPPH ^WH LRQ ^GHVMGLV FRQGXFWHXUV ^HI JvWH ID YLWHVVH GHMUURSDJHGLRZ pIDLI ID PrPH

6DUDVLQ HW ^GH OD 5LYH DYDLHQW ^GDQV OH[SRVp ^GH OHXUV UHFKHU FKHV DGPLV FRPPH H[SOLFDWLRQ _TXH ORQGH GX SULPDLUH

pWDLW

HOOHPrPH PDIILSWH ^HWLOV HQ DYDLHQW FRUUHVSRQGX DYHF +HUW] ^-H WURXYH LFL ORFFDVLRQ GH

FLWHU

TXHOTXHV IUDJPHQWV GXQH

OHWWUH

^GX JUDQG VDYDQW

IDLW

FRQILUPHU YRWUH RSLQLRQ TXLOV SDUDLVVHQW ^PrPH QH SDV ODLVVHU VXEVLVWHU XQH DXWUH RSLQLRQ ^6L QpDQPRLQV

MDL

TXHOTXHV GRXWHV HW _TXH

MH

QH SHX[ SDV

TXLWWHU

GpILQLWLYHPHQW ORSLQLRQ TXH

MH

^{PH VXLV} IDLWH PRLPrPH VXU ^FHV ^FKRVHV YRLFL PHV UDLVRQV

,O

PH VHPEOH GpPRQWUp SDU ^OHV IDLWV GH OD UpVRQDQFH

TXLO

\ DLW XQH RVFLOODWLRQ SUpSRQGpUDQWH TXL GpSHQG ^GHV GLPHQVLRQV HWF GX SULPDLUH ^HW ^LO QH VHPEOH _SDV TXH ^YRV REVHUYDWLRQV PH UHQYHUVHQW GX

WRXW

^FH

IDLW

/D PrPH FKRVH HVW SURGXLWH SDU OD ^WKpRULH (Q HIIHW OD WKpRULH FRQGXLW SHXWrWUH ^j XQ UpVXOWDW HUURQp TXDOLWDWLYH PHQW ^PDLV OD WKpRULH TXL ^GRQQH ^GHV UpVXOWDWV DEVROXPHQW H[DFWV SRXU ^GHV YLEUDWLRQV _{GH XQ} PLOOLRQ SDU ^VHFRQGH ERXWHLOOH ^GH /H\GH QH GRLW _SDV rWUH VXSSRVpH

WRXW

^j

IDLW

^IDXVVH _SRXU ^GHV YLEUDWLRQV GH FHQW PLOOLRQV SDU ^VHFRQGH

(Q _DFFHSWDQW

TXLO

\

DLW

XQH VHXOH YLEUDWLRQ ^GXFRQGXFWHXU SULPDLUH ^PDLV TXL ^GpFURLVVH UDSLGHPHQW MH ^VXLV SRXUWDQW ^HQ pWDW ^GH GRQQHU XQH H[SOLFDWLRQ ^GHV IDLWV REVHUYpV SDU ^YRXV ^ª

&HVW HQ HIOHW ORSLQLRQTXL^D SUpYDOXHW TXL ^D ^pWp

OREMHW

^GXQH WKpRULH PDWKpPDWLTXH SXEOLpH SDU ^3RLQFDUp ^GDQV ^OHV ^{+UF LYHV}

,O

\

DXUDLW

GDQV OH UpVRQDWHXU FLUFXODLUH GHX[ RVFLOODWLRQV OXQH _V\QFKURQH _DYHF FHOOH GX SULPDLUH ^PDLV ^j ^WUqV

IRUW

DPRU

©6XU ODUpVRQDQFH GHV RVFLOODWLRQVKHU]LHQQHV ^ª MWUF$WHHVMXLQ

(14)

127,&( 685 /$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

WLVVHPHQW HW

ODXWUH

TXL QH GpSHQGUDLW _TXH ^GHV ^GLPHQVLRQV ^GX FHUFOH HW j DPRUWLVVHPHQW EHDXFRXS PRLQGUH &HVW FHOOHFL TXL ^HVW OD VHXOH

HQMHX

^GDQV ^OHV H[SpULHQFHV3HXWrWUH HQ RXWUH FHWWH RVFLOODWLRQ GX VHFRQGDLUH HVWHOOH HOOHPrPH UpIOpFKLH SDU OH

PLURLU

^HQ ^GRQQDQW ^OLHX ^j ORQGH VWDWLRQQDLUH

9RLFL _{HQFRUH XQH}

OHWWUH TXLO

^{PH VHPEOH} LQWpUHVVDQW GH

FLWHU

LFL

(OOH

HVW GH 6DUDVLQ HW PHVW DGUHVVpH

YRXV KLHU _DX ODERUDWRLUH HW

M\

^DL ^pWp ^j ^KHXUHV

^P\

^WURXYDQW

MH ^PH ^VXLV ^PLV ^j

WUDYDLOOHU

HW

M\

^DL ^SDVVp

^WRXW

^OH ^PDWLQ ^9RXV

DYLH] PDQLIHVWp OH GpVLU _TXH _QRXV ILVVLRQV XQH QRXYHOOH VpULH VXU OH FHUFOH _GH SRXU ^FRQVWDWHU ^{VL QRV} UpVXOWDWV ^GH

ODXWUH

IRLV VH FRQILUPDLHQW

-DL

GRQF FRPPHQFp SDU ^{Oj HW MH} WUDQVFULV GH

ODXWUH

F{Wp ^OHV UpVXOWDWV ^ª

6XLYHQW OHV FKLIIUHV SRXU ^OH ^FHUFOH ^GH ^P ^HW SRXU ^FHOXL ^GH

P

© 'DQV FHV FRQGLWLRQV OH FHUFOH ^GH P ^GRQQH ^GHV UpVXO WDWV H[WUDRUGLQDLUHPHQW QHWV /HV LQFHUWLWXGHV TXL DFFRPSD JQHQW ^OHV H[SpULHQFHV DYHF OHV JUDQGV ^FHUFOHV GLVSDUDLVVHQW FRPSOqWHPHQW DYHF ^OHV SHWLWV

-DL

HXJUDQG

SODLVLU

^j ^OHV

UHWURX

YHU DSUqV FHX[FL -DLPHUDLV _{TXH YRXV} SDUWDJLH] ^FHWWH MRXLV

VDQFH HW

OD

VpFXULWp TXHOOH LQVSLUH ^HW TXL

MH

^GRLV ^OH GLUH PHVW HQWLqUHPHQW HW DEVROXPHQW UHYHQXH HQFHTXL FRQFHUQH ^OHV SHWLWV FHUFOHV ^ª

$YDQW GH

TXLWWHU

OH VXMHW

MDL

^j ^PHQWLRQQHU ^GHV ^UHFKHUFKHV

IDLWHV HQ FROODERUDWLRQ DYHF 0

.U

%LUNHODQG VXU ^=D ^Up=H[LRUD

F=H =RZW=H p=HF=QTLWH DX ^{RXI ^F=XQ^B==TXL ^VH ^=HUPLZH

SDU

^{XZH S=DTXH}

Pp=D==LTZH (Q H[SORUDQW ^DYHF XQ

SHWLW

^UpVRQDWHXU ^FLUFXODLUH ^OH

FKDPS DXWRXU ^GHV ILOV HW ORFDOLVDQWHQ

SDUWLFXOLHU

OD SRVLWLRQ ^GHV Q°XGV GH ORQGH VWDWLRQQDLUH HQ VpORLJQDQW ODWpUDOHPHQW ^GX

ILO

^OHV H[SpULPHQWDWHXUV RQW WURXYp _TXH FHWWH UpSDUWLWLRQ VHP EOH LPSOLTXHU TXH VL OH SUHPLHU ^FKRF ^GH ORQGH DUULYH SDU ^XQ UD\RQQHPHQW SDUUDOOqOH DX

ILO

^OH ^FKRF ^GH

UHWRXU

_{DUULYH SDU} XQ UD\RQQHPHQW DQJXODLUH

SDUWDQW

^GH

OH[WUpPLWp

^GX

ILO

^2Q FRQFOXW ^GH Oj ^GDQV OD WKpRULH ^GHV WXEHV pOHFWULTXHV ^HQ PRXYH PHQW _TXH ^FH PRXYHPHQW VXELW XQ

UHWDUG

DQJXODLUH ^j

SDUWLU

^GH

OH[WUpPLWp

GX

ILO

HQ

WRXUQDQW

DXWRXU ^GH OD SODTXH ^&HV UHFKHU FKHV RQW ^pWp FRPPXQLTXpHV ^j ^OD ^6RFLpWp ^GH 3K\VLTXH HW

G+LV

(15)

GpGRXDUG

_VDUDVLQ WRLUH 1DWXUHOOH _HQ (OOHV RQW DXVVL

IDLW OREMHW

^GXQH ^QRWH

LQVpUpH GDQV OHV &RZSIHVLHZGZV GH O$FDGpPLH GHV 6FLHQFHV GH 3DULV

-DL

SDUOp ^GH OD 6RFLpWp SRXU ^OD&RQVWUXFWLRQ GHV ,QVWUXPHQWV

GH 3K\VLTXH &HVW ORFFDVLRQ ^GH UDSSHOHU TXH 6DUDVLQ UHVWD SUpVLGHQW GH VRQ &RQVHLO

G$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ

SHQGDQW XQH WUqV ORQJXH SpULRGH

,O

^VDYDLW ^DVVH] ^OD ^KDXWH ^YDOHXU ^GX GLUHFWHXU 7KpRGRUH

7XUHWWLQL

_SRXU

OXL

ODLVVHU WRXWH

OLEHUWp

GDQV OH[HU FLFH GH _VHV IRQFWLRQV HW VDVVRFLDLW _DYHF JUDQGH VDWLVIDFWLRQ DX GpYHORSSHPHQW ^GH FHWWH HQWUHSULVH ^FRPPHQFpH WUqV PRGHVWH PHQW (Q

SDUWLFXOLHU LO

D WRXMRXUV ^HQFRXUDJp ÔHV SURSRUWLRQV SUpSRQGpUDQWHV TXDYDLW SULVHV ÔHV DWHOLHUV SRXUÔDJURVVH PpFD QLTXH VHXOH UHVVRXUFH ^GH SURILWV SRXU ÔD ^6RFLpWp ^HW

OXL

UHQGDQW SRVVLEOH ^GH SURGXLUH ^GHV LQVWUXPHQWV ^GH SUpFLVLRQ ^FH TXL ^HVW WUqV RQpUHX[ PDOJUp ^OHV

SUL[

^pOHYpV ^GHPDQGpV DX[ FOLHQWV 8QH GHV GHUQLqUHV VRUWLHV GH 6DUDVLQ D pWp SRXU ^VH UHQGUH j VRQ

&RQVHLO

G$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ

&HVW ^DXVVL GDQV OHV EkWLPHQWV ^GH FHWWH 6RFLpWp TXH 6DUDVLQ DYDLW ^FRQVHUYp XQ ODERUDWRLUH ORUVTXH FHOXL GRQW

MDL

^SDUOp ^SOXV

KDXW DYDLW G GLVSDUDvWUH SRXU IDLUH ^SODFH ^{j GH} ^QRXYHOOHV ^FRQV WUXFWLRQV /HV UHFKHUFKHV GXQH GDWH UpFHQWH HQ FROODERUDWLRQ DYHF 0 7K 7RPPDVLQD HW ^DXVVL 0 - 0LFKHOL RQW SRUWp VXU OHV SKpQRPqQHV ^GH UDGLRDFWLYLWp LQGXLWH ^GpFRXYHUWH SDU 00 (OVWHU HW *HLWHO

/D SUHPLqUH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ UHODWLYH j FHV H[SpULHQFHV D pWp IDLWH ^j OD 6RFLpWp GH 3K\VLTXH ^GH ^*HQqYH HQ QRYHPEUH

/HIIHW

^0VIHU ^HW ^*HLIH= FRQVLVWH GDQV OH

IDLW

^VXLYDQW

8Q ILO

FRQGXFWHXU WHQGX ^GDQV

ODLU

^{LVROp HW} ^PDLQWHQX ^j ^XQ ^SRWHQWLHO

pOHFWULTXH ^GLVRQV ^GH TXHOTXH PLOOH YROWV QpJDWLIRX SRVLWLI ^HVW HQVXLWH HQURXOp HQ VSLUDOHV VXU XQ F\OLQGUH ^HQ JULOODJH ^GH IHU TXL HQWRXUH

OD

FDSDFLWp GXQ pOHFWURVFRSH ^&HW pOHFWURVFRSH UHoRLW XQH FKDUJH GRQW OD FKXWH HVW LQGLTXpH SDU OD GLPLQXWLRQ GpFDUWHPHQW ^GHV IHXLOOHV GDOXPLQLXP

/DSSDUHLO

LQYHQWp SDU ([XHU SHUPHW OD PHVXUH ^GH ODQJOH SDU ^OD UpIOH[LRQ GDQV XQ

PLURLU

/H UpVXOWDW ^GH OREVHUYDWLRQ HVW OD FRXUEH GH GpVDFWLYD WLRQ GRQWOHV RUGRQQpHV VRQW OD SHUWH^GH ^FKDUJH ^GH OpOHFWURVFRSH HW OHV DEVFLVVHV OHV GXUpHV j

SDUWLU

^GXQ ^LQVWDQW

LQLWLDO

MXVTXj FHOXL GH OREVHUYDWLRQ ^&HV FRXUEHV VRQW ^GHV H[SRQHQWLHOOHV

(16)

127,&( 685 /$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

FRPPH FHOOHV ^GH OD FKXWH GH

ODFWLYLWp LQGXLWH

SDU OpPDQDWLRQ

GH FRUSV UDGLRDFWLIV

$SUqV DYRLU UpSpWp OH[SpULHQFH IRQGDPHQWDOH 6DUDVLQ HW 7RPPDVLQD RQW pWXGLp XQ SKpQRPqQH TXLOV RQW ^FRQVWDWp ^OHV SUHPLHUV ^OH GpGRXEOHPHQW GH OD FRXUEH VXLYDQW _TXH OpOHFWURV

FRSH HVW FKDUJpQpJDWLYHPHQW RXSRVLWLYHPHQW HW OD FRXUEH FRU UHVSRQGDQWH HVW GpVLJQpH SDU ^QpJDWLYH ^RX ^SRVLWLYH

/D

SRVLWLYH HVW SOXV pOHYpH FHVWjGLUH TXHOOH LPSOLTXH ^XQH GpVDFWLYDWLRQ SOXV UDSLGH ^FH GpGRXEOHPHQW VHPEOH LQGLTXHU _TXH OD UDGLRDF

WLYLWp

WHPSRUDLUH FRQWLHQW FRPPH FHOOH ^GHV _FRUSV UDGLRDFWLIV OHV GHX[ pPLVVLRQV W\SLTXHV D HW

&H GpGRXEOHPHQW ^GHOD FRXUEH D GRQQp OLHX ^j ^GHV UHFKHUFKHV SRXUVXLYLHV GXUDQW SOXVLHXUV DQQpHV GRQW OHV UpVXOWDWV RXW ^pWp FRQVLJQpV GDQV XQ PpPRLUH SXEOLp ^GDQV ^OHV ^{$UFGXHV HW} ^DXVVL GDQV XQ ^H[SRVp IDLVDQW SDUWLH ^GHV SXEOLFDWLRQV ^GX &RQJUqV ^GH /LqJH SRXU

OpWXGH

^GHOD 5DGLRORJLH HW O,RQLVDWLRQ HQ DX TXHO 6DUDVLQ HW 7RPPDVLQD DYDLHQW SULV

SDUW

^/HV SULQFLSDOHV FRQFOXVLRQV VRQW ^OHV VXLYDQWHV

8Q _FRUSV TXHOFRQTXH TXL D pWp UDGLRDFWLYp VDQV FKDUJH pOHFWULTXH SDU VLPSOH H[SRVLWLRQ ^j OpPDQDWLRQ

GXQ

^{VHO GH}

UD

GLXP QH GRQQH TXXQH ^FRXUEH

8Q ^FRQGXFWHXU _QX UDGLRDFWLYp DYHF FKDUJH pOHFWULTXH QH GRQQH QRQ SOXV TXXQH ^FRXUEH

8Q FRQGXFWHXU UHFRXYHUW ^GXQH ^FRXFKH LVRODQWH HW UDGLR DFWLYp DYHF FKDUJH QpJDWLYH GRQQH GHX[ FRXUEHV GRQW OD SRVL WLYH GDERUG ^WUqV ^EDVVH ^PRQWH MXVTXj UHMRLQGUH OD ^FRXUEH QpJDWLYH HW HQVXLWH ^VH FRQIRQG DYHF HOOH

6L OD _FKDUJH pOHFWULTXH ^HVW SRVLWLYH ^OHV GHX[ FRXUEHV _VH VXEVWLWXHQW OXQH j

ODXWUH

'DXWUH SDUW OLQWHUSRVLWLRQ

^GXQ ^pFUDQ ^HQ WRLOH PpWDOOLTXH VXU ^OH SDVVDJH GH

ODFWLRQ

GLVSHUVLYH SURGXLW ^OH GpGRXEOHPHQW GH OD FRXUEH HW OD FRXUEH SRVLWLYH HVW DXGHVVXV RX DXGHVVRXV GHOD FRXUEH QpJDWLYH VXLYDQW _TXH ^OH

ILO

^HVW QX RX UDGLRDFWLYp

VDQV FKDUJH RX FRXYHUW GXQH FRXFKH LVRODQWH HW UDGLRDFWLYp DYHF FKDUJH QpJDWLYH

/LQWHUSRVLWLRQ

^GH ^OD WRLOH PpWDOOLTXH ^D FRQGXLW 6DUDVLQ HW 7RPPDVLQD j FRQVWDWHU PPSLp0RPqZH VHPL:D{IH j )RID j LDLGH GH ^=D UDGLRDFIPIp LZGLDIH 'DQV

OLQWpULHXU

^GX F\OLQGUH HQ

(17)

GpGRXDUG

_VDUDVLQ FXLYUH IRUPDQW OHQFHLQWH GH OpOHFWURVFRSH ^RQ SODFH GLYHUVHV FORFKHV _HQ JULOODJH OHVTXHOOHV UHSRVDQWVXU ^OH VXSSRUW

PpWDOOL

TXH ^GH OHQFHLQWH UHQIHUPHQW OD FDSDFLWp ^GH OpOHFWURVFRSH ^GDQV XQH FDJH GH )DUDGD\ ^6L ^OD ^FORFKH

JULOOH

RX FH TXL UHYLHQW DX PrPH XQ ^pFUDQ ^WURXp ^HVW ^{GX PrPH} PpWDO _TXH OD IHXLOOH UDGLRDFWLYpH _TXH

ORQ

D DFFURFKpH VXU HOOH QD TXXQH ^VHXOH FRXUEH 6L FHVRQWGHX[ PpWDX[ GLIIpUHQWV RQ REWLHQWGHX[ FRXU EHV TXDQG ^RQ FKDQJH OH VLJQH ^GH OD FKDUJH 'H SOXV ^VL OD IHXLOOH HVW HQ FXLYUH HW OpFUDQ WURXp HQ ]LQF _RX DOXPLQLXP OD FRXFKH SRVLWLYH ^HVW WRXMRXUV ^DXGHVVXV ^GH OD _QpJDWLYH OLQYHUVH

D OLHX VL ORQ VXEVWLWXH

OXQ

^j

ODXWUH

^OHV ^PpWDX[ ^GH OD IHXLOOH HW GH OpFUDQ 5DSSURFKDQW ^FHV IDLWV GH FHX[ REVHUYpV SUpFpGHP PHQW HQ HQGXLVDQW OH

IIO

UDGLRDFWLYp GXQ GLpOHFWULTXH ^RX ^HQ ^OH ODLVVDQW QX 6DUDVLQ HW 7RPPDVLQD FRQFOXHQW ^j ^{XQH FRXFKH} GR[\GH VXU ^OH PpWDO R[\GDEOH ^GXH ^{j =HIDI GH}

DFLIH

^RD\GDIvFP

GDQV OHTXHO

LO

^VH _{WURXYH SDU}^OH

^IDLW

^{GX FRQWDFW} ^DYHF XQ PpWDO pOHFWURQpJDWLI SDU

UDSSRUW

^j

OXL

&HW R[\GH IRUPH XQH FRXFKH VXSHUILFLHOOH GLpOHFWULTXH

/HV UHFKHUFKHV VXEVpTXHQWHV TXL RQW ^pWp

OREMHW

^GXQH ^QRX YHOOH QRWH LQVpUpH GDQV OHV &RPMIHV%HZG"LV GH O$FDGpPLH ^GHV 6FLHQFHV GH 3DULV VRQW ^GH QDWXUH ^j H[SOLTXHU ODXJPHQWDWLRQ RX OD GLPLQXWLRQ ^GH UDSLGLWp ^GH ^OD GpVDFWLYDWLRQ SDU OH[LVWHQFH GXQ FRXUDQW ^GH SLOH VpWDEOLVVDQW ^j WUDYHUV

ODLU

^LRQLVp ^{HW G}

DX FRQWDFW ^GHGHX[ PpWDX[ IRUPDQW XQ FRXSOH ^&HV ^UHFKHUFKHV LQWpUHVVDQWHV UHPHWWHQW HX TXHVWLRQ ^OD GRXEOHWKpRULHGX FRQWDFW HW ^GH ODFWLRQ _FKLPLTXH

2Q GRLW HQFRUH ^j 6DUDVLQ _TXHOTXHV UHFKHUFKHV VXU ^OH ^PrPH VXMHW HQ

SDUWLFXOLHU

^FHOOHV VXU ^OD FRQGXFWLELOLWp ^GH

ODLU

^IDLWHV

j

ODLGH

^GH OpOHFWURVFRSH VXU ^OH -XUD ^{j VRQ} ^FKDOHW ^GH ^OD ^0pQD]

R

LO

^DLPDLW ^j SDVVHU OD ILQ GH

OpWp

HW j UHFHYRLU VHV DPLV $XVVL FHOOHV _HQ FROODERUDWLRQ DYHF 0 &( _*X\H HW 0 - 0LFKHOL VXU ^OD UDGLRDFWLYLWp ^GHV HDX[ ^GH /DYH\OHV%DLQV TXL RQW ^pWp WURXYpHV UDGLRDFWLYHV GDQV XQH LPSRUWDQWH SURSRUWLRQ ^HW ^FHOOHV VXU^ODUDGLRDFWLYLWp^GH

ODLU

VRUWDQW GXQSXLWV VRXIIOHXU EHDXFRXS SOXV pQHUJLTQH _{TXH FHOOH} ^GH

ODLU

HQYLURQQDQW

&RPPH GLUHFWHXU ^GHV $UF$LIHV GHV $FLHZFHVM|L\VLJZHV ^HI ZDIZ UHGHV 6DUDVLQ D PLV j FRQWULEXWLRQ GXUDQW OD SOXV JUDQGH SDU WLH ^GH VD FDUULqUH HW MXVTXj ^OD ILQ OpQHUJLH LQODVVDEOH HW^OHV

(18)

_127,&( ₆₈₅ _/$ 9,( (7 /(6 75$9$8;

TXDOLWpV ^GH WDFW HW GH VDYRLU IDLUH

TXLO

^SRVVpGDLW ^j XQ KDXW GHJUp /H &RPLWp ^GH UpGDFWLRQ

TXLO

SUpVLGDLW DYDLW ^VXFFpGp SDU ODGMRQFWLRQ ^VXFFHVVLYH ^GH SHUVRQQDOLWpV VFLHQWLILTXHV DX[

TXHOTXHV VDYDQWV pPLQHQWV TXL DSUqV ODSXEOLFDWLRQ ^GHV

$UFvLP

GH )L6HFIQGIp SDU $ ^GH OD 5LYH DYDLHQW XQLILp VRXV OH

WLWUH

TXHSRUWH QRWUH

MRXUQDO OD

SDUWLH VFLHQWLILTXH ^GH OD %LEOLRWKqTXH 8QLYHUVHOOH $SUqV OD

PRUW

^GH

-/

6RUHW HQ 6DUDVLQ GHYLQW OH GLUHFWHXU HIIHFWLI GX SpULRGLTXH HW ^HQ

SDUWLFXOLHU PLW

WRXV VHV VRLQV j WURXYHU ^GHV FROODERUDWHXUV HW ^j HQWUHWHQLU DYHF HX[ ^GHV UHODWLRQV pSLVWRODLUHV HW ^GDQV ELHQ GHV FDV GHV UDSSRUWV SHUVRQQHOV HW DPLFDX[ 8QH YROXPLQHXVH FRUUHVSRQGDQFH DWWHVWH j TXHO SRLQW ^GDQV ^FHV ^IRQFWLRQV FRPSOH[HV ^VL QpFHVVDL UHV ^j OH[LVWHQFH GXQ

MRXUQDO

^HW ^{VRXYHQW VL} GpOLFDWHV 6DUDVLQ UpXVVLVVDLW LQYDULDEOHPHQW ^j WURXYHU ^FKH] ^VHV FRUUHVSRQGDQWV XQH DGKpVLRQ HPSUHVVpH j VHV GHPDQGHV HW ^GH OD GpIpUHXFH j VHV DYLV 'DQV ELHQ GHV FDV GHV UHODWLRQV GDPLWLp _TXH OD VFLHQFH DYDLW SURYRTXpHV VpWDEOLVVDLHQW GXUDEOHV HQWUH ^OHV VDYDQWV pWUDQJHUV HW ^OH GLUHFWHXU ^GHV $UFLLXHV $ _QH FLWHU _TXH OHV OHWWUHV ^GHV VDYDQWV GLVSDUXV DYDQW

OXL

^HQ ^YRLFL ^TXHOTXHV H[WUDLWV

7\QGDOO pFULW

^HQ

©

, ^ZULWH

^IURP P\

KXW LQ

WKH FRXQWU\

,

^VKDOO ^{KDVWHQ WR} ^VHQG

\RX WKH SURRI ^DV ^VRRQ ^DV

,

^KDYH ^UHDG

^LW ,

^DP YHU\ SURXG WR KDYH 0DGDPH 6DUDVLQ DV P\ WUDQVODWHU <RXU

YLVLW

WR /RQ GRQ JDYH P\ ZLIH DQG ^PH WKH YHU\ JUHDWHVW SOHDVXUH %HVW UHJDUGV WR P\ IULHQGV 6RUHW DQG )DYUH 7KRXJK

,

^GR ^QRW ^VHH

PXFK RI \RXU ^*HQHYD ^IULHQGV

, ^WKLQN

RIWHQ RI WKHP ^ª

'H 3RLQFDUp UpSRQGDQW ^j XQH

LQYLWDWLRQ

^j ^OD ^{VHVVLRQ GH} OD ^6RFLpWp KHOYpWLTXH ^GHV ^6FLHQFHV QDWXUHOOHV GH *HQqYH HQ

W{W

TXH

MH

^QH ^OH ^SHQVDLV HW

GDXWUH SDUW

^GLYHUVHV ^DIIDLUHV ^PH UDS SHODLHQW ^j 3DULV -H

QDL

_SX FRPPH

MH

^ODYDLV HVSpUp PH UHQGUH DX &RQJUqV ^GH *HQqYH 9HXLOOH] PH[FXVHU DXSUqV ^{GH YRV} FRO OqJXHV HW OHXU GLUH FRPELHQ JUDQGV VRQW PHV UHJUHWV ^{)LW SXLV} YRXV ODYRXHUDLMH

MDYDLV

FRPSWp SUpSDUHU XQH FRQIpUHQFH DX[

5DVVHV PDLV MH QH

P\

^VXLV SDV WURXYp _XQ ^VHXO PRPHQW GDQV

OpWDW

^GkPH ^QpFHVVDLUH _SRXU ^FHOD ^0RQ pWDW GkPH

pWDLW SOXW{W

(19)

'e'28$5' _6$5$6,1

FRQWHPSODWLI FRPPH

LO

^FRQYLHQW ^GDLOOHXUV ^{HQ IDFH} ^GH ^OD ^QD

WXUH ^ª

'H &XULH ^HQ

YRLU

UHSURGXLWH ^GDQV ^OHV

$UFLLP

GH *HQqYH OD UHYXH _TXH

MDYDLV

pFULWH SRXU ^OH^-RXUZD= ^GH ^&$LPLH

S0VLJZH -H YRXV UHQYRLH ^OHV pSUHXYHV ^j SHLQH PRGLILpHV /HV IDLWV _QRXYHDX[ OHV SOXV LQWpUHVVDQWV SDUXV VXU OD UDGLRDFWLYLWp GDQV FHV GHUQLqUHV _DQQpHV RQW pWp GpFULWV GDQV

ODUWLFOH

^VL ^LQWp

UHVVDQW ^GH 0 *HLWHO TXL YLHQW ^GH SDUDvWUH ^{GDQV OHV}

0UFbLP MH QDL

^GRQF SDV FUX

XWLOH

_{GHQ SDUOHU} ^ª

'H _5DPVD\ _HQ

-DL IDLW

TXHOTXHV DGGLWLRQV HW FRUUHFWLRQV /H

WUD

GXFWHXU QD _SDV ELHQ VDLVL OD VLJQLILFDWLRQ ^GH ^PD ^WKpRULH

LO

^PD

IDOOX

_DMRXWHU TXHOTXHV OLJQHV SRXU PLHX[ SUpFLVHU ^OHV ^{LGpHV /HV} FKRVHV PDUFKHQW _HQFRUH PDLV HOOHV _QH VRQW _SDV ^DVVH] ^DYDQFpHV SRXU ^TXH

MH

^SXLVVH ^{GLUH ULHQ} ^GH QRXYHDX

MDL

^FRQILUPp SRXU ^OD TXDWULqPH ORLV OD SURGXFWLRQ ^GDFLGH FDUERQLTXH GX

WKRULXP

HW

MH

SHQVH DXVVL

GDYRLU

GpWHUJp HQ PLQLPH TXDQWLWp OH VSHFWUH GH

OKpOLXP

^{GDQV OHV} _JD] TXL HQ UpVXOWHQW &HOD GRLW

IRXUQLU

FHSHQGDQW ^OHV PDWpULDX[ GXQH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ QRXYHOOH ^ª

'X SK\VLFLHQ EHOJH 6SULQJ HQ

MDL

^pWp ^DX[

SULVHV HQ FHV GHUQLHUV WHPSV

MH

^VXLV SDUYHQX ^{j PH} UHPHWWUH DX

WUDYDLO

^GDQV PRQ ODERUDWRLUH HW ^j RXEOLHU OHV VRXFLV GH OD YLH -H YLHQV GH

WHUPLQHU

TXHOTXHV UHFKHUFKHVUHODWLYHV _DX_SUREOqPH

GH OD FRXOHXU ^GHV HDX[

MH

^PH SHUPHWV ^GH ^YRXV ^HQ HQYR\HU OD UpGDFWLRQ HW YRXV VHUDLV H[WUrPHPHQW REOLJp VL YRXV YRXOLH]

ELHQ HQ SUHQGUH FRQQDLVVDQFH HW OHXUDFFRUGHU

OKRVSLWDOLWp

^GDQV

YRV FpOqEUHV -UF$ZHV ^GDQV OH _FDV _{R YRXV} MXJHULH] TXHOOHV SRXUUDLHQW ^LQWpUHVVHU YRV OHFWHXUV ^ª

-DMRXWH TXDYHF +HUW] _TXH ^6DUDVLQ DYDLW pWp YRLU j %RQQ HW TXL

OXL

DYDLW UHQGX VD YLVLWH ^j *HQqYH XQH FRUUHVSRQGDQFH

DVVH] VXLYLHVHVW pWDEOLH PDLVMH QH SXLV ULHQ HQ

FLWHU

_SDUFH TXH 6DUDVLQ DYDLW ^jOD

PRUW

^GH +HUW] UHQGX VHV OHWWUHV ^j VD IDPLOOH 'H j (G 6DUDVLQ D pWp SUpVLGHQW GX &RPLWp &HQ

WUDO

^GH

OD

^6RFLpWp +HOYpWLTXH ^GHV ^6FLHQFHV 1DWXUHOOHV ^WUDQVIpUp

GH %kOH j *HQqYH

LO

D HQHIIHW VXFFpGp j0

)ULW]

6DUDVLQ GRQW

$UFKLYHV W ;/,9 ² 1RYHPEUH

Notice sur la vie et les travaux d&#039;Edouard Sarasin

Article

Reference