Deterministic and probabilistic QoS guarantees for the EF class in a DiffServ/MPLS domain

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00070386

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070386

Submitted on 19 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents

Deterministic and probabilistic QoS guarantees for the EF class in a DiffServ/MPLS domain

Leila Azouz Saidane, Pascale Minet, Steven Martin, Ines Korbi

To cite this version:

Leila Azouz Saidane, Pascale Minet, Steven Martin, Ines Korbi. Deterministic and probabilistic QoS guarantees for the EF class in a DiffServ/MPLS domain. [Research Report] RR-5622, INRIA. 2005, pp.24. �inria-00070386�

(2)

ISRN INRIA/RR--5622--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

Thème COM

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Deterministic and probabilistic QoS guarantees for the EF class in a DiffServ/MPLS domain

Leila Azouz Saidane — Pascale Minet — Steven Martin — Ines Korbi

N° 5622

July 2005

(3)

(4)

+ ,-.0/ ,1324$%5687:9<;=$>)

?*@BADCFEHGIKJMLIONEPADQ ESR@UTWV X8ESY[ZUESCD@]\^ADR@B_a`bVcNd_e@gfM@BR<\hEPi _eAjR kbV l3R@KYmJMionAFT

pqsrotvu)w*x8yz>{U|~}rotvu[}*Btvt)ss gB}

u }*Pu gt

sPg~uu[qsu qsu<PgBBz'g |g¡g¡K¢z£a¤¥g¦guo}

§b¨©oª «a¬sgªg®8¯vqsu°± ²PuouoBu[³{Uu ´U uo}*µ¶°± ²{Uuo´s·cqs¸uosug¹aqsuº »~Puo~ u[%¼sB½~s¦

º¾¼g}}qB}¿Suou ¥sgPB}uoÁÀÂgs g}uoÃKs s¦8a½=u SUÄjÄFu )BÅgu~uoe|B¹a½Æ~uoe|

u 8a½^BÅgu K}}µ¶ugÇ¦Ç´gB u¢g´Usu ³s g}*q±u~u e|gv¸uo±}u }¸Ä

´Bu[·Ç

¯

qs}SPu [¹P½uÀÂ~ }BÈquvÃKgB¸a ´Bu¥É±g |gÀ¾{Uu ´U uµFÉ±K{s·¦gggBu uqa

o¿Pu¦gKu[³Èº¾¼4Êa½hu t%}*À uoUÄDÄFu Ssu e|gÇpd½³sKgqsu[}guu[}uoBuoÇ

pqu~uu tvs}¢Bsu}*¿g}uogÈ¥½g}og}u¢g|~}}uoBs}³¥~u uot¥s}¿PgsS

½*qq}~ÀÂuoÃKsu K |%uoBqsuoÇ pqsu8sg¿g¿s }8sKgqË¹K¿B}u[³gqu8B¿¿s¸|%~uo} |

ÀÂ3 B]gÀqsu¥uo}SB}ut¥ug¹Ë}¢B~~SuoWu ´au)qsu¥sg¿g¿s |À¾t¥}}s¦¦g´guo

suogs sugÇ*pqs}8}~|}qsa½}*q8~uoe|~}*t)qW}t%g u *qqsu)suuot¥s}¿PgW gÈ¿Su

¦BKu uo³½*¸qB¿¿s¸ u[} K}u8vBsugÇ ÌB~t¥}} BBKg~u ´guo³ÀÂBt#quo}uu[}s }

}qu sgPB}uo¹~sa´Us s¦¥vsg¿g¿s }É±K{b¦gSKuou%º¾¼ÍÊa½}oÇ

ÎÈÏKÐMÑÒÁÓ «aÔ©g® É±¸|Àc}u ´U ug¹SsB¿¿ }¦BKuoug¹P~uu tvs}Á¦gggKu uB¹uoUÄDÄ

uou[}PgS}u±t¥ug¹y]ÕgÖÕU×}a BË¹syÈcØ{Õa°± ²{Uuo´MÇ

ÙcÚPÛÜ ÝFÞgßàdÝ¶Üoá~âãPÞßäå*æeç[èédêeëìíîjèjëïFäëðî¶ícñäêeò3çeóaä[Þaô3õ[öõ[Þaá~çeêeëðèÞeá~çeêeëðèjëðí3Þ

÷øù ÷úoûðüýú3ù þ ú3ÿøËøÿaüFùûýÿeûÿ

Þ

ù ÿøüû ùüøûðÿø

ÝÂÛàËÝâOàËò çeíêò3çeîÂïÞ[ö ãUícß"!eíèDêeä#¢ßí$eí%gÞ&aîjäêíÞ' ú3ü(Fú3÷øû¾ù ÿø)ù¸ÿýùú û

*

éêeëìíî¶èDëï+-,säî¶ëðèÜ ç$KÞeãUàdÝFÞ/.[ö0õ21î¶èFä#Þ&aîDäê3í3Þ ü)ø4øÿgûúù ÿ5÷ýùû)

(5)

,Ë*,O(b d.0/

,( Á £324$%56±7:9<;Æ$

ug¹cHg}}uºc¼ µÂº »~Puo~ u[ ¼sB½~s¦K·¹¾ÈsBSK}ouPg% u[}³s g}%e|KK

suo} gKKu[}}uo} }~u)¿SB~ÄFu ~ÄF¿Pg~[¹S%¦g¦guu8 u~»W~uÁSuou)~uSgÃKsu}Áµ¶

u »~u t¥sug¹duo}gssoa B}¢´gB¸»u ´KoWÃB}BB}u }¿s u[}Hog u¦B ¦Bsu[·Ç³°±g}u

Ssu [¹Sg}±sgS}K uo}}g}bb¦BggB u)ÃBSK ´guÁ~uvÃK¸)~u¥}u ´Ku)ÃBPu ~u

ÀÂBss usÊS~»Wºc¼ uou tvu¥~u%ogsu)¿Pg~ÄDuo~ÄF¿SB~oÇv°uo~»s~qsu[}±}gK¢s[}uoK u[} Ç

Øgss~qsu%u tvs}u³uo}Á¿B}ou³}ssubg|~}u% u³ B}uvgS~s ssu³¿PgsubuoÄ

t¥s}ugÇ{~u s}ÁÃKsuoÃKsu[}gÃKsu }u ¦gsuoBÁ uu%¿Pgsu%su³og}oÇØs~qsu¥sg¿S¿s }ug¹

¿Sg} u¥}s¢su)ÀÂB3 B]~u%~uo}¸¥suvB¿¿s¸v~]uot¥}~u¥oSB}ug¹uo} K~~s uvPgs

o´asu ¥sg¿g¿s ~u) B}}u *suoq oSu~Bs uBÇw¾u uS~ut¥gKuÃKsuÁ~u[}og}

¿PuogBsÈs}±Su }8ÃBuÁ%¿SBuÁu t¥ s}uÁPu ´gu K! uÁ¦KK}*e´gu[~uo}±sg¿g¿s o}

~qsu[}*~u#"gÇ$WgK%B u¢&g~t¥}} B ´'¢suuo}[}s }u[}g B}sgPB}g¹UÀÂBs}}gK

su¦BggB u±sg¿g¿s }u¢suÃBS¸¢su}uo´Uu¢~»³ÊS~»ºc¼Ç

( Ó ª[©

Ñ

*)

©Æ®

É±g ~uÈ}uo´UuB¹¦BggB usg¿g¿s }ug¹c¦KKuuot¥s}ug¹u t¥}%~u

PgS}u¢~u¿Pg~ÄDuo~ÄD¿Pgso¹}gy]ÕÖÕ~×g¹~yÈcØ{Õa°±¸²Ë{Uuo´MÇ

(6)

, ÁÁ*Á

-/.*0

ªo« Ó Ôª21Ó 0 3

46587

Ï:9 « Ó ¨ )Ï 3

sÇ × °± ²{Uuo´Ìqs uosu%ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ

sÇ:Ì±}}st¥~ B} Ç¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ

;=< Ï ª Ï « >10 1¶©oª?1jb§ 9@9 « Ó ¬s 7 A

+Ç ×CBagS}*~u*DSs¸ B}1Ç¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ E

+Ç:°±uu t¥ gÀqsuuoUÄDgÄDuobuo}Pg}u8tvu Ç¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ F

+ÇsÇ × º´aa BgÀqsut%a»~ t)st ~uoe|~su¢¥ºc¼=gÅBu}bÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×[¡

+ÇsÇ BgsÄDsu uot¥~´gu8u²MuoÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×B×

+ÇsÇ+ G]B} g}u¢u ~ÄjÄFu u[}PgS}u±t¥uÀ ºc¼4BÅgu ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×e

+Ç+ w¾Bt¥s~g¦gB qst ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×2+

+Ç¤ Ö8uosu IHoa B ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×o¤

+Ç º»~gt¥s ug~}S}} B ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×o¤

3KJ

« Ó ¨¬~¨L1)1¶©oª?1j§ 9M9 « Ó ¬s

7 -N3

¤SÇ × yaqu t%aoËyÈ~~uoÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×e

¤SÇOB~~uu[}PgS}u±t¥u~}¿s~gÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×e

¤SÇ+:ºcUÄDÄFu Suo}Pg}u t¥u~} ¿ssgÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ8ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇ¢ÇÇÇ8ÇÇ×2P

Q6J

« Ó ¨¬~¨L1)1¶©oª?1jSR ÓTVU ¬~«a¬

0 ª ÏUÏ ¬ 0 Ô ¬sÔ>1¶©[©?1Ó 0 Ó 0 ª « Ó )

4(W

AOX Ó 0 ')©?1Ó 0 4Y-

(7)

)d%(c

pqug}} g ¯ Ku su ³¿Su[}ÄDu ²PB}u ´U utv~~uo±ossg³sa´K~u]É±g |=gÀ{~u ´Ku4µFÉ±K{s·

¦BKu uo}*bu ½ gssoagS} ¹Pg|uog¸ÄDt¥uÁs g}vµÂ s s¦´gB u)SSÕeB

´U~u U·3Çpqsua½^} gg¿s |³Àqu(%' $? *bµ¯ K{Uuo´s·qs u[3u¢uoqsu³

su*DsuÁqsu ** ' $? *µj° ²{~u ´~·±qs u[3uFÇ8pq}¢qs u[3u}8¿g}uoB

³Á¦B¦gu ¦KagÈ] t¥ uo]UstÁ¿Pu ¢gÀ¾g}}u[} Ç ¯]s[¹Pqsu "!*( $# '% )' N%

µ&U·¥g}}ÁqSg}v¿Suou sgPB}uoÍÀÂB%ss a B})u[ÃB ¦a½,u ~ÄjÄFu =gÅBu%~u e|g¹a½

su e| uo8ga½hSgÅgu K}}ÁµÂugÇ¦Ç*´Bgug´U~uobs g}*q8u~uoe|v u

}u S} ´gue·3¹Uqu³ B}}¿Pu s¦¥quqs ¦Bqsuo}*s B |³g}} Ç

¯

]gs~ gd¹':& )( ) 2'+* M$,% .- N%Íµ&/0132 ·qg}¿Suou WK~~u[ t¥sa´gug~ ¦

Pu ÀÂgt% uÁSqsuoWg¿~W}qgu ±gÅBuuo}Pg}ut¥ugÇ8pqs}u[qssB B¦g|}±}u ¦B¸Ä

o |È} ¦BsDS gB8ÀÂg±4³)u s¦B u u s¦5+4F¹uo}Su[ |È½*qsuo }8}uo½*¸q]B}BÄD¿Sg}uo

gss¦ÇÌ}6/0132 a½}8D»vqsu8aq%ÀÂg a½uo¥¿U|%PgÅBu}cÀdÊa½¹B t¥gÅgu[}uoB}u cqsu

É±U{³¦BKu ugÇ

¯ =qs}vPu [¹½u}qsa½#qsa½#]a´U~ubOÃBSK ´guÉ±U{H¦gSKuou%Hqsu7OÊa½}

H° ²{~u ´sÕyÈcØ{Æsgt%ËÇ0yÈBusuo }u |g¹¾½¾uÀÂ~}³g qsuÈuoUÄDgÄDuo=uo}Pg}ub t¥u

gÀ}q]Êa½} Ç ¯~uouo¹Ë¿Pu |Bgqu³ÃBS¸a´gu¥~uDs gOÀcqsu%²Mu uoHÉ±K{M¹uoUÄDgÄDuo

ÃKgK a ´Bu¦BKuouo}cqe´gu±¿Suou sa´Buo¥ÀÂBqsu8% B}}9ð:DÇp½)sKgqsu[}cob¿Pu¢}uo<;

B¿¿s}g ~uu t¥ s}Bsuo}oÇ ¯ qs}¥Pu [¹]t%qsuot¥ g*tv~~uo*qg}¥¿Pu uo ~uÄ

´Bu gPuoOg¿sÍqsubsg¿S¿s |OÀ*t¥u u ¦WquuoÃKsu[ÍÃK¸|OÀ}u ´U ugÇ ¯ 4À¶g3[¹qsu

t¥~~uoËÀÂ~}uo}o¹Mt¥gs¦%gqsuo}o¹Bqsuv~u S} |B¿¿s¸|bÀÂs3 BWÀg=gÅBuuo}SB}u

t¥uBÇpqs}|Uu s}*bg¿squÁsg¿g¿s |bqa±qsu>gÅBuuo}Pg}ut¥uÁ}uo}}qW

uoÃKsuoÁsu e|gÇyWgu a´guoo¹evg~t¥}}g) gKgUgÀ"Êa½} gÁ¿Pusu ´BuoÀÂgt qsu[}uu[}¸} Ç

pquÁuo}À qs}±gSuo}B¦KsIH u[B}*ÀÂB a½} Ç ¯ }u[3 BU¹M½¾uÁsu*DsuÁqsuvsg¿su t Sqsu

B~gsuo]g}}tvsg}oÇ ¯O}uog +¹½¾u¥}qa½<qsa½<Bt¥s~u¥~u u t¥ }Á¿Pgs}¢gqsu

UsuÁuo}SB}uÁt¥u)SÈqu BÈqu)uoUÄDÄFu SÈu[}PgS}u t¥u)ÀÂg¢U|5Êa½¹P¿B}u[Èg

½g} og}ug |~}}oÇ@?|¥~u*DSs¸ BË¹Bqsu½g}c g}uu ~ÄjÄFu ¥uo}SB}u¾ t¥u±À¢Êa½ } u[ÃK

qsu±½g}¾ B}u±u UÄDgÄDuo%uo}SB}u*t¥u±u »UPu tvuoKuo³¿K|³ÁgÅBucgÀËq}cÊa½Ç{Uuog³¤

u[}uoB}¾qsut%aqsu t% t¥~~uo}sa´Us s¦)qusB¿¿ ¸|³su }¸|bÀÂsgÀqsuuoUÄDÄ

uo]u[}Pg}u)tvu¥ÀÂBAÈSgÅgu oÇ ¯H}uogH~¹Ë½u%}qsa½ qsa½ a´U~uvsg¿S¿s }

É±U{¥¦gSKuouBvÊSa½} ¹U¿U|%u ´as¦qsu¢sB¿¿ ¸|¥gÀdt¥u u ¦)qsu8u[ÃBuo}uoÉ±K{MÇUÌ

B~t¥}} B4gKBj¹¿B}u[ÍgÍqsuo}ubuo}s }o¹ }Áqu =BSK}u[OÀÂg)qsu7]Êa½}oÇ]¼ |B¹ ½¾u

g S~u8qsugSuo* È}uogsÇ

C D -

GOu U´Buo}¦Bau³qsusB¿su t À±sa´U~s¦OÃKgK a ´BuÉ±U{Í¦gSKuouo}ÁHU|EOÊSa½¹c

u t%}À*u SUÄjÄFu Huo}Pg}uvtvuÍsu e|³ uoÁ½*qsq4u³~uDsuoH¿Pu½u uoHqsub s¦Bu[}}

(8)

Usu³]qu³u ¦Bu[}}¢s~~ubÀqsu%ÊSa½ Oqsub g}~u uoO° ²Ë{Uu ´Osgt%ËÇÌ±}½u%t%Ågu¥s

Ssg}}st¥~ BÁBuo s¦qsu ´agt¥uo}ÀsBÅgu } Áqsu~gt%g Ë¹eqsu¾ÀÂuog}¿s |8gÀ

¢}u ÀÊa½}}u[ÃKs ´ag uoBt¥uouB}g K}BÁqsuu ~ÄjÄFu )u[}PgS}u¾t¥ug¸u [¹

½*qSauo´guo¾qsu ´aP t¥uo}ÀdqsuBÅgu} qu~gt%ËÇG]ua½^~u gg}}st¥~ B}oÇ

¯ ³qsu8° ²{~u ´¥gq¸uo3su8F¹K4³*}c~} ¿ssuo³a´gu ¾}t%g PUstÁ¿Pu ¾Àdg}}uo}oÇd gÅBu}

o|qsu³~~u¥Àqu g}} Ç¥pqs}~~u%}8qsuoOS}u[HuogqO° ²Ë{Uu ´KÄF gt¥sgBg~u 8

}u uosuo~uDsu[gÅBuqg~ s¦³ÀÂs3 B}vµÂÈuot%}gÀÃBu ss¦¹M}qsuo~ s¦³S¿s~²Mu ¢g3Ä

u ~ u[·¹ g uo5( ! #" - 42 Wµ&0$&%P·3Ç B~~u[}aqsu¿Pgs|bÀqusu½gÅµ¶ s¦Bu[}}

g¥u ¦Bu[}}gsu }·3¹gPu ÀÂgt gt¥su»)uot¥u K}±µÂBÅgu cg}}DS g%Sv4³B~ g~Ä

s¦U·8½*qsu uoB}±Usuo}¢]qsu³Bu¥su ½¾BÅ4µjBu¥g~u }·¹ÀÂg½ggÅBu}g g~s¦³qsuo

B}} UsugÇc{Uuo´gu MPu ÄDqg¿Suoqe´U B}qe´Bu±¿Pu uosu*Dsu[<;

'

qsu(" *)< # '% )' N% 0$&%È}qsu~u À¶s *gsuBÇ

'

qsu & ) #M% ') % µ)*+U·B0$&% ¦BBs ×[:FÇÆ¼gs% B}}uo}o¹ sa´K~s¦OtvBug¥uo}})uÄ

}gsu[} uot%}gÀ¿g~½*UqÈgb¿~²Puo}o¹gu¢~u*DSsuoqsu+*+b}uo´UugÇ

'

qsuB!( # '% )' N%4µ&U· 0$&%E ×[FÇ¢p4³¿Pu gs¦B ¦%qsuB}u ´U u}¢~uo ´guou[

½* qÈ´Bu |³ a½hauo|~gsg¿S¿s |g¹s³¥suo¦ggau[ugÇpqs}}uo´Uu gÈ¿Su

}uoÀÂB* }gu¢¿U|$0buo uosqsBK|MÇ

GOuÈB}~uoÁqa³H° ²Ë{Uu ´KÄF gt¥sgB¥g~u v t¥su t¥u K},%su[}ÄK²Mgo¹*+Íg Íg}}u[} Ç

G qu ÈvgÅBu*u Kuo}qsus~~u}qsuo~ uoo¹~ }}qsu[~suo½*¸qqsugqsuo*gÅBu}gÀ } B}}

½ s¦ÈÀÂBÁs~u[}} ¦ÇÌ±}Á }auoÍ¿U| D¦guW×g¹qsu7Hg}}}v}qsu[~suoH½* q =# !N

( .- ! &(& N%È}qsuotvuv½* qOuo¦Bquvgqsuo8 B}}uo}oÇpqU}o¹MqsuBÈ B}}8}8}u ´gu[Wg}

g¦B}¢¸}sgu t¥~|BÇ³ gÅgu }¢Oqsu/%uo}Ä K²MgÁ0*+g}}u[}uv}u ´gu[]B Bs s¦

1 * %- # ' S! &(& N%Hµ!243·ð¡4DÇ

¯

qs}8½e|B¹< 4³Á½*B¿~g a½ su e|qÅU}

# ! 7( .- ! &(& N%H}qsu[~su ¥5*+]4³³½*uo u ´gub]qs¦gqsuo)¿S~½*Uq4ÀÂg3 B

q6%uo}ÄK²MgqÅU}7243Ç B u¢qu[}Bsuo}sa´U}gsu[%ÀÂgqsubg}}qu

*}uou8e´ag ¿su8ÀÂgqsuqsu B}}uo}oÇ

¼ ¦Bsu¥×;° ²{~u ´BÄýBt¥s K*g~u

(9)

)

' T 7 Ï Ô)1

0 U

¬s©[©

9

ª?1

Ó 0

§©o© 9 ª21Ó 0 - - ? - *I S* - '& N%V 3 "(* - '& N%

I)#

pqu uÀÂgug¹Pqsu%s~~u%}quo~su 8½ }8ÀÂg8qsu%gt¥su B]gÀqu³suoK8BÅgu S}t¥}} B

µ¶¸À U|s·¾¿Su ÀÂgu}uo u[3s¦¥qsu¢su»UBÅgu[Ç

'

Ï ª ÒÁÓ « ¬s©[© 9 ª?1Ó 0 ©

§©o© 9 ª21Ó 0 4

)'& 8)8 $ (#'*MY$,% - N% & *:132

§©o© 9 ª21Ó

0V;

*L )* N% )& ') &2 * 3!

§©o© 9 ª21Ó 0 3#"

- *&% $" * -S% &% 2* - %4% 4% ' &2(& &

')(+*-, .')(0/21!

§©o© 9 ª21Ó 0 Q43

&% $ * *I& * - &% $5* & )* ' 6 * *

' 5

«e¬874È¬s©o© 9 ª21Ó 0

§©o© 9 ª21Ó 0VA 195*2*& ' *;:<4=>:>?@ABA-A-@:

,DC

E5FEHG 4%L9 )' N% $/ 01 24 .-

G %I:

*

5*'4%LJ@! K*&(E5 2* '-L

M ON -

¯ ³qs}½¾B}¾ B}u±g |~}}o¹g½u± gt¥s~uqsu½g} g}uuoUÄDÄFu S%u[}PgS}u* t¥u8Àd}SBB~

ÊSa½} Ç G]uWB}}st¥uq%tvuÈ}%~} u uBÇ ¤}qsa½})q³u[}¸}¥g¿~suoÆ½*¸q ]~}uu

}qsu[~s s¦³guB}*¦guosu g}qsB}ug¿~suo½* qWbgK UsB}*}quo~ss¦³½*qsuoWÊa½ aÄ

t¥u u }utÁ¸ suo}gÀdqu±s~~u ~ÅvÅMÇ ¯}q g~ gS} ¹~U|%}u*ÀËÊSa½}c}¾ÀÂuog}¿s u

½* qÈ¥~} u u}qsuo~ s¦¥¸À SbBs |¸À }ÀÂu[g} ¿su¢½*¸qÈ%gK UsB}}qsu[~s ¦Ç

pquB}}st¥~ B}¥}uo Æq}³}uog uqsK}u¦g´guoÆ {Uuog0]s S}³gss¸ Bs*Bsuo}

}PuoDSqsu8suuot¥s}±ssBBqËÇ GOu#DS}¾KUsu*qsug}¾b~u*D¸ B}cS}u[

qsgs¦Bqsg~8qu%Pu gH~u*Du¥qsu³ g} suoK¢S}¢ÀquvuoUÄDgÄDuouo}Pg}uvtvu%gÀ

gU|>ÁÊa½ÇpqsuoË¹B½u}qsa½ qsa½=ÁBt¥s~ussPu ¿SBss}cg¥quu ~ÄjÄFu ¥uo}SB}u¾ t¥u

gÀgK|³Êa½ ¿Pu gs¦B ¦)vqsug}}o¹K¿Sg}uogÈv½¾B}og}ug |~}}À3Í}qsu[~s ¦Ç

(10)

E ; E

¯ Hqs})}uogË¹½¾u¥ÀÂ~ }ÁBHqsubu UÄDgÄDuoHuo}SB}u¥ t¥uÀU|OgÅBu gÀU|A]Êa½

:

*

=: ? @A-A-AB@$:

, C

ÀÂB a½* ¦b³q

*

gt¥s}s¦ *

Usuo}oÇyÈgu a´Bu [¹s½uÁ}uqsuÀÂB a½* ¦

g}*g~u*D¸ B} ;

§©o© 9 ª21Ó

0 " - # G %L ') & () > ')' G 4% : * J -&

'

*

@- & )' 'Y & - ( ?2 % "&% &(* (

5+:

*

'* - ! & )2 N% ? E58 6 5+:

*

'

* - ! & E5 ( 50:

*

2 N% - 8 $Y* ' '

'"!

* - * * - >& -8 6 E59G % : *

%N)"' # &

* )"' - * $# %

! *

pq}qguoIHog¢}½u UBssuouog¸ÄDt¥uÊa½}¾µÂuBÇ¦SÇs~u[}}gKBj¹e´gB ucS´U~uo¹

}u S}Bgg3ag3·3Ç ¼sB*U|³BÅgu'&³¿Pu gs¦B s¦v)qsubg}} ¹~½u~u sgu%: ()&+*¾qu su»

Ust)¿SuoÀqu%ÊSa½ ½*qsq,&b¿Suo Bs¦B}*Ç¾yÈgu a´Bu [¹.-

~uosuo}qut%a»~ t)st ~u[}}s¦

t¥uUsu/À U|³BÅguÀÊa½^s*¿Pu gs¦B s¦v)qsug}} Ç

0(

qsu ´aP t¥uÀBÅgus~~u 1

2%(0/21

*

qsu½g}* B}u¢u SUÄjÄFu uo}SB}u8 t¥uÀÊa½ : * 1

3

(+*-,

*

qsut¥ t)st, t¥u¢gÅguo¿U|vBÅgu gÀÊa½ : *

³g´guBs~~u 1

3

(0/21

*

qsut%a»~tÁst# t¥uÅBu ¿K|)SgÅgu gÀÊSa½ : *

%´gu8gs~~u 1

4*

qsu½g}* B}u uoÀÊa½ : *

½*qsu uoBu ¦vUsu41

57698;:

#=<?>

*

qsu D}*s~~u´U} u[¿K|³qsu%Êa½ :@<¢Bq,

* 1

:BADCFE

*

qsu} a½uo}Usu´K}¸uo¿U| %Êa½ : *

g¸}*aqË¹

qa}ÀÂBU|%s~~u/

* ¹

*HG I9JLK?MON* 1

:BADCFE

*

qsu} a½uo}Usu´K}¸uo¿U|%qsu ¥Êa½ : < BSaq,

*¹

qa}ÀÂBU|%s~~u/

<RQ

* ¹

< G

I9JLK?MTS=UN

< Ç

<

Ï.V

0

1Âª21Ó 0 - > ,# &(.- - ' ( 5*')W#5- 4>*

)2* $#

<

Ï.V

0

1Âª21Ó 0 4

& -8 2" J " -S' 'YX#2@?#Z[* &(.- - Y#\#Z ') -

8 - )

(]#2@?#Z[*

< Ï.V 0 1Âª21

Ó 0 ; #M '- ? ^' - ?*' & )?' ' 5* * 5* - '

_

`4a

5* - 5) * 5)2 ((8 - 2b ?* % ( =

K&(

PcdLegf@hDikj d+lnm

dpo@q

(11)

) &L $ / $ $ ) $

¯ )q} }uogË¹½u}qsa½=qsa½48 gt¥s~u¾qsu*½g} B}uu ~ÄjÄFu )~u e|¢ÀÂgÊa½}´K}¸ s¦

qsu¾°± ²{Uuo´sgt%ËÇØdu}gS}~u U| ±Êa½I:

* ¹ 6 X"@FF¹[ÀÂg a½*s¦aq

*

gt¥s} ¦

*

gs~~uo}oÇ pqsuu SUÄjÄFu ¥uo}Pg}u*t¥ugÀgU|)BÅgu gÀ : *

¦Bu suouo¥ct¥u$#~uoSuos}

B';

'

qsusu e|b~su¢)qsusB~ÄDuou t¥~´gu¢u ²Pu[3o¹S~u sgu[

*

(D# *¢µ¶}u u}s¿}uo3 B"+ÇsÇa·n1

'

qsusu e|b~su¢vgqsuobgÅBu}o¹~~u u[

` a

(]# *µj}uou¢}s¿}uogS+sÇð~Ç×o·@1

'

su½gÅ³~uoe|~}o¹~¿SBs~u[¿U|H(P *

"F*')(0/21BÇ

Ì±}½u³gS}~u )sg~ÄFsu uotvs´gu%}quo~ss¦¹dqsu³~u[}}s¦À*gÅBu gOÈ Bs¦guo¿Su

su e|guoÈÀuo± ±qB}±}guoÇ8pqa8}±½*qU|½¾uvgt¥ssuqsuvuo}8}g ¦%t¥u)gÀgÅBu$

B¸}*B}Usu´K}¸uoÇcp³gq uo´gu8qo¹s½ugsg~*qsu¢au[3B|³gssBBqËÇpqs}sKgq

g}}}cbt¥a´U ¦Á¿BÅK½s}qsgs¦Bq³qsu8}uoÃKsuou8Às~~uo}' ´U}¸} ¹Uu[gq% t¥u¢su K ÀÂ|U s¦

u[uos s¦¥BÅgu }¿s}|bPu U}qs¸ t%u |²Pu[3qu~u e|³À ]Ç

' # ' -( >"E5 .-9% " & -( * < 2*B? -.G %:

*

')

(& *)05 " 8

yWgu a´guoo¹½ug}}tvu8D}}uobqagK| ¥Êa½ : <±ÀÂB a½*s¦)Saq <8½* q,R<<

*

S

<

*

<Áu ´guo*´U}¸}vs~~uÀq,

*

Àuo*qe´U s¦¥uÀq,

*

µ¶3ÀÇÌ}}tvsgSFB·3Ç ¯

}s¿}uogS+sÇ¤s¹s½u}qsa½^qsa½ %uotva´Buqs}g}}tvsgËÇ

§©o©

9

ª21

Ó 0 #M - G 4% : <

5*'4% % '-W

< % -,

< < *

b

<

*

<= 5

- ) .! 2/

< *

&(- -( : <

2 OZ< b% "S '- E5*' - : <

8? 8 2 TZZ *

5

Ì*oB~s¦%³qsuÁuog|ssBBqË¹½uÀÂ~ }BÈqu)¿sS}|Pu ~! ¢½*qsq }sÄ

uo}}u[gs~~u"¥S½¾u~uDsu 5 (#;**g}*qsu DS}9bgÅBus~u[}}uo$%! eÇ6?~ 5 (#;**~Uuo}

suo uo}}g | gt¥ucÀÂgt<Usu&' "}u¾qsu Êa½HqSa 5 ((;*¿Pu gs¦K}d±t%e|¢ÀÂB a½=±aq

s¸²Mu u KÀÂgt *

Çbu ug¹dÈt¥a´guv¿gÅU½s}qsgs¦Bqqsub}uoÃKsuou¥Às~~uo} e´guo}uo}o¹

u[gq¥ t¥u¢su K ÀÂ|U s¦)suou[~s¦ÁBÅgu }cg³¿}|¥Pu ~s}cqSas¸ t%u |³a²Muocqsu8su e|vgÀ

O¹~½u8qSe´gu±%B}~uogBs~ gggÅBugs~~uU¹Uq} (() "F*;qsu DS}%BÅgu

~u[}}uov¿Pu½u uo 5 ((;*c g%Usu)S³Btvs¦ÀÂgt s~~u)*"gÇLGOu±~uosu+% -,

?

qsu

¿}|ÈPu U ]½*qsq (# "B*qB}±¿Pu uos~u[}}uoÈBs~~u "¥

5

(( "F**qsuD}

SgÅgu ¾s~u[}}uo¥.% -,

? Ç GOuqsu ~u*Du/ ((&$0 *cg}cqsuD}6¥SgÅgu cs~uo}}uo%¿Pu½u uo

5

(# "B*S^#B)Usu& "gvgt¥s¦8ÀÂBt s~~u0sÇÌSv}¢gvsK~qu*¿s}|Suo~ÁgÀ

Usu"³½*qsq%qu±BÅgu 5 ("B*}¾s~uo}}uoÇ@G]u±qe´guqU}~uu tvsu[¥qsu±¿s}|¥Suo~s}B

Usuo}*´U} u[¿K| : *

qa8 ¿PuÁ}uobBtv~uqsuuoUÄDÄFu Suo}Pg}u8tvu)ÀgÅBu

µj}uou¼¦gug·Ç

(12)

¼¦gsu ;*u[}PgS}u8t¥uÀgÅBu

pqu8auo}~u Ssu t¥ugÀBÅgu ÀÂgt s~~u Á}qu uoÃKgM ;

0 ?

?

%\((+ "B* ')(0/21 % * (D#*

%<qsus~u[}} ¦Á t¥ugs~~u"ÀgÅBu}

5

("B*¾+ ("F*

%<qsus~u[}} ¦Á t¥ugs~~u 0vÀgÅBu} 5 (0 *¾+ (#0 *+ (

0

?

0

*

ÇÇ Ç

%<qsus~u[}} ¦Á t¥ugs~~u)ÀgÅBu} 5 (#;*¾b (0 ,

? 0

*Ç

u ug¹~qsu¢u ~ÄjÄFu u[}PgS}u8t¥uÀgÅBu}¿SBs~u[¿U|;

f

P

j e f j

P

e

j i j

!

h

o! #"

(0/21 %$

d h o

&

P

j

e('

` j j)

f*

j

´⁺

GOuuooq

57698;:

#

*

~uosuo}qsu D}±s~~u´U}¸uo¿U|qsu %Êa½4:

<

gÈSaqW

* Ç GOuÁ g

u)qSa¢g]gU|Usu ]gÀcaq *

¹Ë Àqsu u)u »~}}8s7Êa½ : <

}qÈqSa/ <

57698 : #

* ¹

qsu (p "B*0< 5 (p7*SW}

0

,

?

0

<-,sÇ ¯Wqsu 8½¾B} ¹S¸À (p "B*"< 5 (=O*¹qsu

qsu uvu»~}}¢g=ÊSa½ : <¥}qÈqa/ < 57698;: #=<?>

* Ç ¯]}q] B}uB¹P¿U|W~uDs gOÀ (p7*3¹Ëg

qsuÁSgÅgu } "X5 (p7*2@# (= "F* * K}}aq

*

ÀÂgqsuD}tvu¥a8s~~u\dÇ GOu)oÈqsu ]g3

BÈqu 8g ´agt¥uo}oÇ±B}Pg s¦³qsu¥´a}*À qsuo}uÁt¥u[}}¦Buo}Èqsu)¿}|Pu ~È½*qu u

(p "B*}8s~u[}}uo¹M½gsÈuoB}uÁqsu¥~uosu t¥uvÀR ÀÂgt s~~uUÇuouB¹ ]qsu

½g}og}ug¹ (= "B*

%

g

0

,

?

<

0

Ç

?|KtÁ¿Pu s¦³ g}uo ~´guo |bgWU|s~~u/qsubgÅBu}*sU uo}}u[Àuo 5 (p7**S¿PuÀÂBu

(p7*µ¶½*¸q" ((;*<·¹~½¾u±¦gu*bssPu ¿SBsbg%qsu¢u UÄDgÄDuo%uo}SB}u*t¥u8gÀËgÅBu']¹

qa} ; 0 ?

? #4%

.

/

? 0

.

1 /

2 1 43

% *

(D#*4% (#+ "F* ')(0/21gÇ

(13)

;4-

¬)¬sª?1 Ó 0

Ó ª 7 Ï 4¬ 1 Ô Ï )¶¬ Ð Ô Ï ª Ó

9 ¬s> Ï ªo©

GOu¢sa½ g}su ¾qsu8uot

` a < 0 ?

? H#g%

. /

? .

1 /

2 1

¹Uqa*}cqsu¢t%a»~ t)st

su e|³~su¢³gÅBu}g su[b¿U| OÇ"?¾|~u*D¸ BË¹~ÀÂggU|%s~~u

X"@ :BADCFE

*

*¹ (=O*

}8qu D}gÅBu¢¿Suo Bs¦gs¦qu W B}}o¹Ës~uo}}uoW %

?

S] gt¥ ¦ÀÂgt£s~~u ËÇ

yWgu a´guoo¹ (=O*8}8quvg}gÅBuB}~uou[W

Ç%u ug¹Ë À½u%BsK8BÅgu }8sU uo}}u[

%

?

¹Bs|" (=O**} gsKuo½* ugÇ ¯qsuÁ}t¥u½e|g¹~ÀÂBU|bUsu^

(: ApCFE

* @ D¹

(p+ "B*} qu#D}¾gÅBu¿Pu gs¦B s¦¢qu9vg}}o¹gs~uo}}uov .%

g%Bt¥ s¦ÀÂBt s~~u

"gÇ8yÈgu a´Bu [¹ (= "F**}qsuÁg} SgÅgu ±B}~uou[ %

, ?

Ç8pqU}o¹ (p "B*}qsu

Bs|³gÅBu*BsKuo½*u¢½*qsuo gsK s¦¥BÅgu }sU uo}}u[³ %

, ?

g %

Ç

¯

ÈBs~ gË¹~ÀÂBU|bUsu/

X"@ F¹~ÀÂggU| bgÅBu&³´U} s¦ Ë¹sqsus~u[}} ¦) t¥ugÀ &

B³s~~u³} u[}}cqS

I9J[K M

UN

2 1

¹K½*qu u :BADCFE <?>

*

}qsu¢}a½¾u[}¾s~~u±´U} u[%¿U|H: < gaq * Ç

u ug¹P¸À¾ggK|s~~ub

X"@ :BApCFE

*

*µ¶u[}ËÇ (: ApCFE

*@ ·¹P½u¿PgsS (=O*ÁµÂuo}ËÇ (p "B*·

¿U|

(0/21

< <

2 (

<

*¹~qsuo½¾u¢¦gu ;

`4a G 0 ?

?

#4%

(

.

1 /

?

I9J[K M

UN

2 1 % .

!#"%$

!'&")(+*-,+.

N

(0/21

Ç

GOuvsa½ u ´ag u)qsu%ÃKgB¸|

. (1 /

?

I9J[K M

UN

2 1

ÇÁpqs}8ÃKgK |È}8¿Pgssuo]¿K|qsu¥t%a»~¸Ä

t)st ½gÅU Kg%¦Bu suou[³¿U|³qsu %ÊSa½}´K}¸ s¦%uoB}*Bsus~~u¢Àaq * Ç

x±s~~u/d¹svgÅBu*ÀU| %Êa½ : <

´U} s¦%auoB}*gu8Usu8´U} u[¿K|:

*

gsu e|%qsu

u »~uosgÈÀY ¸À 8g ´Buo}BÈs~~u 57698;:

#

*¹ 57698;:

#

*

~uos s¦³qsu D}s~~uÁÀY

*

Bt¥tvB

½* q <

¹qsu%u[ uo}at¥u

0

*0/

I21S=UN

*0/

I21)S=UN

gHaqsu%u[}Á8 t¥u

0

*0/

I21S=UN

( Ç ¯

su uoË¹ À

SgÅgu gÀ : <

´gu[}cBUsu 57698;:

#

<?>

*

Àu

0

*0/

I21)S=UN

(

¹s *½* Ë¿Pu8~u[}}uobgqs}s~~uaÀu k

ssu³qu 3ÄD¿Sg}uoÈ}qsuo~ s¦bgÀ qsu>g}}oÇ±{U¹P À qsuvsu»U8s~~uÁ´U} u[È¿U| }8}

qsusu »U±s~~u´U} u[¿U|bqsuÁBÅgu À : <

¹Sqs}BÅgu ½* g´guaÀu $ gqs}s~~ug¹MS

}¥gËÇ pqsuou ÀÂgug¹~ ½* sg~u e|³BÅguOÇ

pqU}o¹Kqsu8BÅgu}cgÀ : <±qa* gb~uoe|vqu±u »Uu[~ BbgÀ4 u*qsK}u¢ ´Buo¥gs~~u 57698;: #=<?>

*

¥quBu ´a X0

*3/

I21)S=U

N

*3/

I21S=UN 3 (0/21

*0/

I1)SpU

N

< ?

< @ 0

*0/

I21)S=U

N

( 3 (+*-,

*3/

I21)S=U

N

<

D¹K½*qsuou 3 (+/ 1

*3/

I21)S=U

N

<

µÂuÄ

}Puo3 ´Bu | 3 (9*-,

*0/

I21

S=U

N

<

·~u sgu[}qsuÁt%a»~tÁst t¥uµ¶u[}Puo´guo |qsu)t¥ stÁt t¥ue·*Åguo

¿U|OgÅBuÀÊa½: <vW´gu¥B]s~~u 576=8;: #=<?>

*

Çpqsu%t%»UtÁt£UstÁ¿Pu ÁÀgÅBu}¢gÀ0: <

qao~u e| }qu uoÃKgM ;

" %54

446

/87

N9 (;:

S=UN

<

,>=

(+*B,%7

N39 (;:

S=UN

S ,

„/87 N9

(;:

S=UN

7 7

N9 (;:

S=UN ,>=

(0/217

N9 (?:

S=UN

S

,A@

$

S

«

B S CCC

D Ç