اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺮاھﻘﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺤﯿﻦ ذﻛﻮر و اﻧﺎث دراﺳﺔ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﺮاﻛﺰ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﯾﺔ: وھﺮان، ﺳﯿﺪي ﺑﻠﻌﺒﺎس، ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮ.

(1)

ناﺮـــــــــــــھو ﺔﻌﻣﺎــــــــــــــــــــــﺟ 2 .

ﺔﯿﻋﺎﻤــــــــــﺘﺟﻻا مﻮـﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﯿﻠـــــــــــــــﻛ

.

ةﺮﻛﺬﻣ

ﻞﯿـــــــــــــــﻨﻟ ةدﺎﮭﺷ ﺮﯿـــــــــﺘﺴﯿﺟﺎـــــــــــﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻢــــــــــــﻠﻋ ﺲﻔﻨﻟا يدﺎـــــــــﯿﻌﻟا

ﻋ

ـــــــــــــــــــ

ﺿﺮ

ﺖ

ﻣﺪﻗ و

فﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻠﻋ ﺖ

:

دادو ﻲـــــــــــﻟاو

مﺎﻣأ ﻤﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﻨ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﻤﻟا ﺔﺸﻗﺎ : أ . ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأ ﺮﯿــﺸﺑ نﺎﻤﯿﻠﺳ -أ ناﺮھو ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ 2 ﺎﺴﯿــﺋر . أ . ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأ ﻦﯿــﺴﺣ نﺎﯿﺴﻓ -أ ناﺮھو ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ 2 ارﺮﻘـﻣ . أ . ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأ ﻞـﺼﯿﻓ ﻲﺣاﺮﻓ -أ ناﺮھو ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ 2 ﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨـﻣ . أ . ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأ ﺔﺠﯾﺪﺧ ﻲﻧاﺪﺒﻛ -أ ناﺮھو ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ 2 ﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨـﻣ .

ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ

:

2014

-2015

.

ثﺎﻧا و رﻮﻛذ ﻦﯿﺤﻧﺎﺠﻟا ﻦﯿﻘھاﺮﻤﻟا ىﺪﻟ طﻮﻐﻀﻟا ﺔﮭﺟاﻮﻣ تﺎﯿﺠﯿﺗاﺮﺘﺳا

.

ﺔﯾﻻﻮﻟ ﺔﯿﺑﺮﺘﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﺰﻛاﺮﻤﺑ ﺔﯿﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﺔﺳارد : ﺮﻜﺴﻌﻣ ،سﺎﺒﻌﻠﺑ يﺪﯿﺳ ،ناﺮھو .

(2)

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ

:

ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺭﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﺎﻐﻟ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﺏﺼﺨ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻻﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ﻱﺭﻭﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺎﻨﺒﺘﻤﻟﺍ لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﻜﻌﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻕﺜﺒﻨﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺎﻴﻤﻭﻴ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻥﻭﻀﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ : -ﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜ ) ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ( ؟ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫ ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﺭﻭﻜﺫ / ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ( ؟ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) 15 -17 ( ﺔﻨﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ، ) 18 -20 ( ﺔﻨﺴ ؟ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫ ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ / ﻲﺴﺎﻜﺘﻨﺍ ( ؟ -ﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﻥﻤﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ / ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﺩﻤ / لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﺩﻤ / ﻑﻴﻜﻟﺍﻭ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﺩﻤ / ﻭ ﻑﻴﻜﻟﺍﻭ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﺩﻤ ﺹﺍﺭﻗﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﻭﻠﻬﻤﻟﺍ (؟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻟﻭ :

(3)

ﺩﻌﺘ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ .( -ﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﻙﻟﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻴﻘﻫ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) 15 -17 ( ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ، ) 18 -20 .( ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ / ﻲﺴﺎﻜﺘﻨﺍ .( ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ : ، ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺵﻴﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﻭ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ ،لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻭﻠﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺭﻗﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺵﻴﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﻭ . ،ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ لﻤﺸﺘ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤ لﻭﺼﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻭ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻜ ﻭ ،ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ : ﺒ ﻲﻟﻻﺩﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎ ﻎﻨﻴﺒﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ) C.I.S.S (

inventaire de coping pour situation stressantes ـﻟ : Endler n. s- parker .g.d.a1998 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﺙﺤﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ 133 ﺢﻨﺎﺠ ) 86 ، ﺭﻜﺫ 47 ﻰﺜﻨﺃ ( ﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﻟ لﺨﺩﺘﺒ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟﺍ : ﻕﻓﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ ﺕﻤﺘﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ،ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ،ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ،ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ ﻡﺯﺭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ) SPSS 20 ( ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺼﻠﺨ ﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ :

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-ﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ-ﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩ ) ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﺙﺎﻨﺇﻭ ( لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻫ . ﺀﻭﺠﹼﻠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ لﺒ ،ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ . -ﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺎﻤ ،ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ) 15 -17 ﺔﻨﺴ ( ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ، ﺔﺌﻓ ﻥﻤ ) 18 -20 ﺔﻨﺴ .( ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﻜﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﻭﺫ ﻕﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﻟﺩ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺎﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻟ ﻥﻴﺘﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ . ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍ ﻭ لﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ . ﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃ : ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺼﻨ ﻟﺍ ﻎﻨﻴﺒﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻭ ،ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤ C.I.S.S ﺔﻨﻭﻜﺘﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻥﻤ ) 2 ﺙﺎﻨﺍ / ﺭﻜﺫ ( ﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻐﻟ ﻥﺎﻜ ، ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺸﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠ ﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺩﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﻟﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﺼﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ .

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Summary of the study:

The current study is considered as a fertile field for research for its outstanding importance in answering pivotal questioning which is about uncovering the most usable coping strategies especially when dealing with stresses for delinquent adolescents; which are a number of behaviors and reactions adopted in different life hardships that they face on the daily basis. As a result a number of questions were raised:

- What are the most used coping strategies especially when facing stresses for delinquent adolescents (males and females)?

-Are there numeric proportional differences in the strategies taken as procedures to face stresses and hardships for adolescents according to gender criterion? (Males/females)

-Are there numeric proportional differences in the strategies taken as procedures to face stresses and hardships for delinquent adolescents according to age criterion? (Males/females) first group between (15-17) years, Second group (18-20) years ?.

-Are there numeric proportional differences in the strategies taken as procedures to face stresses and hardships for delinquent adolescents according to the state of recidivism (initial, secondary?)

-Are there numeric proportional differences in the strategies taken as procedures to face stresses and hardships for delinquent adolescents according to addiction cases (not a junkie/ addicted to smoking/addicted to smoking and alcohol/addicted to smoking alcohol and weed/addicted to smoking; alcohol and weed and pills?)

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-The strategy of emotional stress is one of the most effective strategies when used for delinquent adolescents.

-There are numeric proportional differences in the strategies taken as procedures to face stresses and hardships for adolescents according to gender criterion? (Males/females)

-There are numeric proportional differences in the strategies taken as procedures to face stresses and hardships for delinquent adolescents according to age criterion? (Males/females) first group between (15-17) years, Second group (18-20) years

-There are numeric proportional differences in the strategies taken as procedures to face stresses and hardships for delinquent adolescents according to the state of recidivism (initial, secondary?)

-There are numeric proportional differences in the strategies taken as procedures to face stresses and hardships for delinquent adolescents according to addiction cases: not a junkie (not an addict) / addicted to smoking/addicted to smoking and alcohol/addicted to smoking alcohol and weed/addicted to smoking; alcohol and weed and pills.

And the different features of studies were looked at from a theoretical point of view in different independent chapters by looking at adolescence, delinquency, not to forget stresses and how to face them (coping strategies). However, from a practical perspective this research consisted of the scientific basis focusing on two methods : the descriptive methods by using questionnaires for delinquent adolescents, and using the Coping test (C.I.S.S) Endler N.s-Parker G.d.a 1998 : - for inventaire de coping pour situation stressantes (the inventor of coping for stressing situations) on a research sample contained 133 delinquent (86 males, 47 females) in order to uncover the most effective strategies to face and cope with stress for delinquent adolescents by including the following variable : Gender, Age, recidivism case, addiction case, and the collected data was processed by

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using statistical program for social sciences .statistical(SPSS 20) and the study inferred to :

- The most effective strategy to cope with stress for delinquent adolescents (males and females) is the strategy of emotional stress.

-There are no numeric proportional differences between delinquent adolescents’ males and females in using coping strategies, however there were obvious differences only at the level of averages

-There are no numeric proportional differences in using coping strategies according to age variable, except for the way of ‘’ used emotion’’ by the groups (15-17 years) More than (18-20 years)

-There are no numeric proportional differences in using coping strategies for delinquent adolescents’ in recidivism initial and secondary cases, and the only differences was at the level of averages, except for after the emotional reaction which indicated the existence of differences with statistical significance between the two for the initials group.

-There are numeric proportional differences in the coping strategies methods for delinquent adolescents’ according to addiction habits, by the help of work strategy and group support.

Whereas when using clinical method and the method of studying the case and its tools which are:the semi-directed meeting, Observation, applying coping test C.I.S.S on a sample consisting of three individuals ( 2females/one male) .All for the sake of expanding the answer for the main problematic for the objective study to uncover the most effective strategies used by delinquent adolescents to cope with stresses . And through this we managed to find that the most utilized strategies when dealing and coping with stresses for this group is ‘’ Emotional reaction ‘’ or emotion, excitement , effervescence.

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يﺪھأ ةﺮﻤﺛ يﺪﮭﺟ ﻊﺿاﻮﺘﻤﻟا : ﻰﻟإ ﻦﻣ نﺎﻛ ﻲﻟ اﺪﻨﺳ ﻲﻓ ،ةﺎﯿﺤﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻠﻋ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ةدارﻹا و ،تﺎﺒﺜﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺳر ﻲﻟ برد حﺎﺠﻨﻟا ... ﻲﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﺒﺃ ﺡﻭﺭ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻌﻤﺸﻟا ﻲﺘﻟا ﺖﻗﺮﺘﺣا ءﻲﻀﺘﻟ ﻲﻟ بورد ،ةﺎﯿﺤﻟا ﻰﻟإ رﺪﺼﻣ نﺎﻨﺤﻟا ﻊﺒﻨﻣو ،نﺎﻣﻷا ﻰﻟإ ﻦﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﮭﯿﻣﺪﻗ لﺎﻨﻧ نﺎﻨﺠﻟا ... ﻲﻣأ نﻮﻨﺤﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﻦﻃﻮﻣ ﻰﻟإ،ﻲﺗدﺎﻌﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻨﻛرﺎﺸﯿﺳ ةﺮﯿﺴﻣ ةﺎﯿﺤﻟا ﺎھﻮﻠﺣ ،ﺎھﺮﻣو مأﻮﺗ ﻲﺣور ةﺮﻗو ﻲﻨﯿﻋ ﻲﺟوز ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﻞﻤﺟأ مﻮﺠﻨﻟا ﻲﻓ ءﺎﻤﺳ ﺔﻟﻮﻔﻄﻟا ... ﺪﺒﻋ يﺪﻟو رﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﻢﻌﻨﻤﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻧاﺬﻏ ﻢﮭﺒﺣ لاﻮﻃ ،يﺮﻤﻋ ﺮھاﻮﺟ ﻲﺗﺎﯿﺣ ءﻰﻟﻵو ﻲﺘﺠﮭﺑ ﺾﺒﻧو ﺐﺤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﻠﻗ ... ﻲﺗﻮﺧإ ﻲﺗاﻮﺧأو ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟا ﻲﺘﻟا ءﺎﺷ ﻲﻟ رﺪﻘﻟا نأ ﻞﻤﻛأ ﺎﮭﯿﻓ راﻮﺸﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﯿﺣ ... ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻲﻓﺎﻌﻣ ﻰﻟإ ﻞﻛ ﻲﺗاﻮﺧأ ﻲﻓ ﷲا ، ﻰﻟإ ﻞﻛ ،ﻲﺗﺎﻘﯾﺪﺻ ﻰﻟإ ﻞﻛ ﻲﺋﻼﻣز ﻲﻓ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻢھﺮﻛذ ﻲﺒﻠﻗ

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ﻢﻟو ﻢھﺮﻛﺬﯾ ﻲﻤﻠﻗ ... " ﻰﻟإ ﻞﻛ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﻣ دﺎﺒﻋ ﷲا " ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ " ﺩﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻟ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﺎﻋﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﺇ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺴﺭﻟﺍ ﻻﻭﻠﻓ ﻪﻘﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺯﻋ لﺠﻭ ﺎﻤﻟ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺊﺸ ، ﻱﺫﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﻤﺤﺒ ﻡﺘﺘ ﻡﻌﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺍﻭ لﺌﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺯﻨﻤ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ : " ﻥﺌﻟ ﻡﺘﺭﻜﺸ ﻡﻜﻨﺩﻴﺯﻷ " ﺓﻼﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻴﺒﻨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻪﻟﺁ ﻪﺒﺤﺼﻭ ﻥﻴﻌﻤﺠﺃ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ . ﺭﻭﻌﺸﺒ ﺭﻤﺎﻏ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻟﺎﺒ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺘ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻜﺸﺒ ﺹﻟﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻭﺭﻘﻤ لﻴﺯﺠﺒ ﻥﺎﻓﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻤﻻﺍﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ لﻜ ﻥﻤ لﻀﻔﺘ ﻯﺭﺜﺃﻭ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ، ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻱﺃﺭﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﺤﻴﺼﻨ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻫﺎﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﻟﻭ ﺀﺯﺠﺒ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ، ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺹﻟﺎﺨﺒ ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﻱﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺼﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻟﺍ ﻪﻘﺤﺒ ، ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ لﻀﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﺭﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﻥﺎﻴﺴﻓ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ، ﻲﻨﺤﻨﻤ ﺕﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻁ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺫﻟﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺤﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺴﺒ ﻪﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﺩﺴﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﺝﺍﺭﺨﻹ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﺄﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﻡﻌﻨﻓ ﻑﺭﺸﻤﻟﺍ ، ﻡﻌﻨﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ، ﻭﺠﺭﺃﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺃ ﺩﻗ ﺕﻘﻓﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻪﻴﻀﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻕﻴﻠﻴ ﻪﻤﺴﺎﺒ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﻟ ﻡﻴﻅﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻌﻀﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ، ﻡﺜ ﻑﻗﺃ ﺎﻤﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ ﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻀﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻴﻟ ﻱﻭﺍﺩﻬﻤ . ﺎﻤﻜ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺹﻟﺎﺨﺒ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﺯﻟ ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻤﻻﺍﻭ لﻀﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻌﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺒ ﻲﻟ ﻡﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ لﻬﻨﺃ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻪﻅﻔﺤﻓ ﷲﺍ ﻩﺎﻋﺭﻭ ﺩﺩﺴﻭ ﻩﺎﻁﺨ . ﻲﻨﺩﻌﺴﻴﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺹﻟﺎﺨﺒ ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻟ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺍﺩﺈﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺍﻭﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍﻭ ﺹﺨﺃﻭ ﺭﻜﺫﻟﺎﺒ ﻡﺴﻗ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻟﺍ . ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﺕﻴﺴﻨ ﻻ ﻰﺴﻨﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺩﻗﺃ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ لﻀﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻸﻟ ﻭﺘﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺎﻤﻟ ﻡﺩﻗ ﻲﻟ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ . ﺎﻤﻜ ﻻ ﻲﻨﺘﻭﻔﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺩﻗﺃ ﻱﺭﻜﺸ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻤﻗ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻟ . ﻭﺠﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﷲﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻬﻘﻓﻭﻴ ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺎﻤﻟ ﻪﺒﺤﻴ ﻩﺎﻀﺭﻴﻭ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺭﺴﻴﻴ ﻡﻬﻟ لﺒﺴ ﺭﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﺡﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ، ﻥﺃﻭ ﻡﻬﻴﺯﺠﻴ ﻲﻨﻋ ﺭﻴﺨ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ .

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ﻲﻟاو دادو

ﻓ

ـــــــــــــــــــــ

ﺱﺭﻬ

ﻤﻟﺍ

ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ

ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤ

:

ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻟﺍ ... ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ . ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ . ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ . ﺀﺍﺩﻫﻻﺍ ... ... ﺃ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻜﺸﻟﺍ ... ... ﺏ ﺱﺭﻬﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ... ... ﺕ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻟﺍ ... ... ﺥ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ... ... ﺫ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ... ... . 01

لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨ

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ . ... 04 1 ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ . ... 04

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2 ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ... 06 3 -ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ... 07 4 ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﺩ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ... 07 5 -ﻻﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ... 08 6 ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ... 09 7 ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ... 13

ﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

ﻲ

:

ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ

.

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... 15 1 ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ... 15 2 لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . ... ... 17 3 ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . ... 20 4 لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤ . ... 30. 5 ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻤﻨﻠﻟ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . ... 31 6 ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻕﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . ... 39

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لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . ... 44

ﺙﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻻﺍ ﺡﻭﻨﺠ

.

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ . ... 45 1 -ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ... 45 2 -ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻻﺍ ﺡﻭﻨﺠ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ... 47 3 -ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻠﻟ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ... 48 4 -ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻟﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ... 58 5 -ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺩﺅﻤﻟﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻟﺍ ... .... 59 6 -ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺢﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ... 65 7 -ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻻﺍ ﺡﻭﻨﺠ ... 72 لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ... 75

ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﺎﻬﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻭ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ

.

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... 76 -1 ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ... ... 76 1.1 -ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺔﺤﻤﻟ ... 76 2.1 -ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ... 77 3.1 -ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ... 79

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4.1 -ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ... 79 5.1 ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻠﻟ ... 80 6.1 -ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻭ ... 86 2 -ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ... 87 1.2 -ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ... 87 2.2 -ﺭﻌﺘ ﻴ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻑ ... 88 3.2 -ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍ ... 90 4.2 ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ... 94 5.2 -ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ـ ... 95 6.2 -ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ... . 99 7.2 ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ... . 100 لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . ... . 103

ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ

.

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... . 104 1 -ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ... ... . 104 2 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ... . 104

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3 ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ... .. ... 106 4 -ﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺔ ... 106

ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻻﺍ

.

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... 114 1 ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ... ... . 114 1 . 1 ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﻻﺩﺘﺴﻻﺍ . ... 114 1.1.1 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ... . 117 2.1.1 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ... . 117 3.1.1 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻻﺍ . ... 117 4.1.1 ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ... 120 5.1.1 ﻎﻴﺭﻔﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ... ... 120 2.1 -ﻱﺩﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ . ... 121 1.2.1 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ ... . 121 2.2.1 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ .... ... . 122

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ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ

.

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... . 124 1 - ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ... . 124 2 - ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ... . 125 3 - ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ... . 126 4 - ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ ... . 127 5 - ﺘ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤ ... . 128 6 - ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺸﻻﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻎﻨﻴﺒﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ... . 133

ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ

ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻭ

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1 ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ... ... . 140 2 -ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ... . 142 3 -ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ... . 144 4 ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ ... . 147 5 -ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ . ... 149 6 ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺸﻻﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻎﻨﻴﺒﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ... ... . 152

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7 -ﻡﺎﻋ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ... . 156 ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨ ... . 158 ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻﺍ ... . 159 ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . ... 161 ﻕﺤﻼﻤﻟﺍ ……….. … 171

لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ

:

ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ 105 ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺱﻨﺠ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 1 106 ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻠﻟ ﻲﻨﻤﺯﻟﺍ ﺭﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ 2 106 .ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 3 107 .ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 4 109 ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻟ ﺥﺎﺒﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﺎﻔﻟﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ . 5 110 ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ . 6

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112 .ﻎﻨﺒﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻕﺴﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ 7 112 .ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻎﻨﺒﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ 8 113 ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻟ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ . 9 113 .ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 10 116 .ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 11 116 .ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 12 117 .ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 13 117 .ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 14 118 ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ . 15 122 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ،ﻥﺴ ،ﺱﻨﺠ:ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ،ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ،ﺔﻤﻬﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ . 16 124 ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ . 17 125 ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ " ﺕ " ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ) ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ( 18 126 ﺕ" ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ . 19 127 ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ " ﺕ " ﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﻜﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ . 20

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129 ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . 21 130 ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ لﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ . 22 131 ﻯﺩﻟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . 23 135 ."ﺡ" ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ C.I.S.S ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 24 137 ."ﺝ" ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ C.I.S.Sﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 25 139 .""ﺃ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ C.I.S.Sﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ 26

لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ

:

ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ لﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ لﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ 84 ﻱﺯﺎﺘﺴﻭﻤﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻠﻟ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻁﻁﺨﻤ .Homéostasie 1 87 ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻠﻟ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻜﻟﻭﻓ ﻭ ﺱﻭﺭﺯﻻ . 2 100 ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴﻭ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ . 3

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ﻣ

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ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺔﻣﺪﻘ

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ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ

:

ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻩﻭﻤﻨ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻘﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺠﺘﻴﻭ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﺎﻬﻬﺒﺎﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻟﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻕﻠﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻠﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﺈﻓ ﺓﺭﺘﻭﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻫﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺯﻜﺭﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻅﻨﺃ ﻥ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﻠﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺄﺠﻠﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺠﻨﻴ ﺎﻤ ،ﻙﻟﺫ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﺠﻨ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﺄﺘﺭﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﻭﺴ ﻥﻭ ،ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻡﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﺒﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀﻟﺍ . ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺯﻴﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺎﻓ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺩﻟﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﺩﻗ ،ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﻨﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﺩﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ،ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﻘﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻘﻫﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭﻟﺍﻭ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ لﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻟﺎﻜ ، ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ . ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻯﺩﻤﺒ لﺩﺘﺴﻨ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻟ ﺞﻬﺘﻨُﺃ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒ ﺔﻁﺨ ﺭﻴﻁﺴﺘﺒ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻁﻟﺍ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻟ ﺎﺘﻤﺩﺨ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻡﺘﻓ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻡﺎﻤﻟﻻﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻲﻫﻭ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ : ﻡﺘﻓ ،لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ لﻤﺘﺸﺍ ﺫﺇ ﺭﺎﻁﻻﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ لﻜﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ

(22)

،ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻭ ،ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ . ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻭﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺤﺍﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻟﺎﻜﺸﺃ لﺼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺍﻭﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺝﺭﻌﻨﻟ ،ﺎﻬﻟ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻟﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺙﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﺩﺅﻤﻟﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﻪﻟ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻭ ،ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﻟ ،ﺢﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍ ،ﻪﻟ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﻟ ،ﻪﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺡﻭﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻻﺍ ﺡﻭﻨﺠ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ . ﻭ ،ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ،ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺘﺸﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﻷﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻭ ﻪﻟ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻡﺜ ،ﻪﻟ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡﺘﻴﻟ ،ﻪﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻠﻟ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻴﻫﺎﻨ ،ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻟﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻟ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺞﻟﺎﻌﻨﻟ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺈﺒ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﺴﺃ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﻴﻟ . لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﻭ : ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﺎﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻑﻀ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺯﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺘﻤﻭﻜﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺫﺨﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺩﺎﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻟﻻﺩﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜﻟ : ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ . ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻤﺸ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺘﻴﻟ .

(23)

ﺓﺩﻌﻟ ﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ لﻤﺄﻨ ﺎﻨﻨﻭﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﻤﺘﺨ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺍ ﻭ ،ﺙﻭﺤﺒ .

(24)

لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ

:

ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨ

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ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ 1 - ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ . 2 - ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ . 3 - ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ . 4 - ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﺩ . 5 - ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻟ . 6 - ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ . 7 - ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ .

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(26)

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ : ﺔﺒﻌﺸﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﻠﺨﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻟﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ، ﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺯﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺩﻟﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﺘ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻕﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﻭ ﺏﻋﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ، ﺙﻴﺤ ﺒ ﺏﻟﺎﻁﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺩﺠﻴ ﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺎ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻭ ، ﺯﺠﻋ ،ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﺕﻗﺎﻓ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﻋ ﻟﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻌﻟ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﻬﺒﺎﺠﻤﻟ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺎﻬﺘ ، ﺎﻤﻤ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺎﺒ . 1 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ : ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺎﻤ ،ﻼﻴﺤﺘﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻕﻠﻁﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﺓﺩﻋ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻫﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺎ ﻭ ، ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﺡﻭﻨﺠ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺘﺎﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺘﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻡﻬ ، ﺔﻟﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﺜﻋﺍﻭﺒﻭ ﻑﺭﺤﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻪ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻭ ﻴﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬ . ﻭ ﻪﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻭﻤﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻟﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻥﻋ ﻕﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﻥﺇ ﻪﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺱﻜﻌﻴ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺨﺩﺘﺴﺍ ، ﻊﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﻓ ﻌﻴ ﻪﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒ ﻭ ﺽﻓﺭﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻌﻓﺩ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻪﻴﻟﺇ لﺁ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻗﺭﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺏﻴﺭﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺩﻌﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﺤﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍ ، ﺎﻤ ،ﻪﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻊﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺈﻜ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺒﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻀﺭﻋ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﻟ ﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺀﺎﺴﻤﻠ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻠﻟ ﺏﻠﺴﺒ ﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﺭﺩﺎﺼ ﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺠﺴ ﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﺼ ، ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻨﻴﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻭ ﻪﻟ ﺔﺸﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻭ ) ﺢﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ( ﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺫﻟ ﻲﻨﺩﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻥﺍﺩﻭﻘﻴ ﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﻜ ﻪﻴﻨﺒﺘﻭ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕ .

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ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻘﻫﺭﻤ ﺙﺩﺍﻭﺤ ﻭ ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ، ﺎﻬﻟ ﻩﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻭ ﺒ لﺎﺨﺩﺘﺴﺎ ﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠ ﻭ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟ ﻲﻫ ": ﻭﺃ ﺏﻟﺎﻁﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻠﻟ ،لﺩﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺯﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺘﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ " ) ﻥﺍﻭﻀﺭ لﻴﻤﺠ ﺭﻤﺎﺴ ، 2002 ، ﺹ 165 . ( ﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻓ ﺯﻜﺭﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ) ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺃ ﻭ ﺏﻨﺠﺘﻟﺍ (.. ، لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻪﻠﻜﺎﺸﻤ لﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻜﺎﺒ ﺏﻟﺎﻁﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺏﻟﺎﻁﻤﻟ ﻪﺘﺎﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻟﺍ ﻪﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﻙﺭﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻓ ، ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻟﺎﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﻌﺸ لﻗ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺎﻤ ،ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ﻰﻠﺜﻤﻟﺍ ، ﺍﺫﻟ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺎﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻀﺤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻙﻟﺫ لﺎﺜﻤ ﻭ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻟﺍ : Sordes-Ader ﻭ Esparbès-Pister ﻭ Tap ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﻅﻭﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﻷﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻟﺍ ﺡﺭﻁ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺽﺨﻤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ : -ﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫ-ﺍﺭﻤﻟ-ﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤ-ﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴ-ﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟ-ﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ-ﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘ-ﺍﺭﺘﺴ-ﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟ ) ﺙﺎﻨﺇﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ( ؟ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫ ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﺭﻭﻜﺫ / ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ( ؟ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫ ؟ ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ

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ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫ ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ / ﻲﺴﺎﻜﺘﻨﺍ ( ؟ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ / ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤ / ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍﻭ / ﺵﻴﺸﺤﻟﺍﻭ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤ / ﺵﻴﺸﺤﻟﺍﻭ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤ ﺔﺴﻭﻠﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺭﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ( ؟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻟﻭ : ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ . -ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻟﺍ ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠ ) ﺭﻭﻜﺫ / ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ( . ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﻙﻟﺎﻨﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺌﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) 15 -17 ( ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ) 18 -20 .( -ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ / ﻲﺴﺎﻜﺘﻨﺍ .( -ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ : ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ، ﺵﻴﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﻭ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ ،لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ ، ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﺵﻴﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﻭ لﻭﺤﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻭﻠﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺭﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ . 2 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ : ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ : ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ) ﺙﺎﻨﺇﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ .(

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ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ . ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺀﻭﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ . ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﻜﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ . -ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﺌﻭﺠﻟ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ . 3 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺴﺘﻜﺘ ) ﻡﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻁﻟﺍ ( ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ ، ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻟ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻟ ﺍﺫﻜ ﻭ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺎﺒ ﻡﺴﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻋ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍﻭ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ . ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻭ ﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺩﺨﺘ ﻓﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻌ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺠﻨ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻟ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﺤﻤ ،ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﺴﻟﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺸﺭﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘ لﻼﺨ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﻔﻨ . 4 ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﺩ : ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ : ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﺘﺜﺍﺩﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒﺴﺘﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ .

(30)

ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ . -ﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻭ ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ . 5 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ : 1.5 ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ :  ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ : ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺱﻭﺭﺍﺯﻻﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻜﻟﻭﻓ ﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻪﻨ : ﺝﺎﺘﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻘﻴ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻩﺩﺩﻬﻴ ﺭﻁﺨ ﻪﻟ لﻜﺸﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹ ﺓﺩﺩﻬﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ) Bruchon-schweitzer,2001,p68 .(  ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ " : ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺫﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﺘ "

(Sordes-Ader ,Fsian, Esparbes, Tap, 1995

,p116) ﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻎﻨﻴﺒﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ) C.I.S.S (

inventaire de coping pour

situation stressantes ـﻟ

:

Endler n. s- parker .g.d.a1998

. ﺫﺨﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋﺯﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ : لﻜﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ : ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻭ . -لﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ : ﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺭﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻁﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺽﻔﺨ ﺔﻘﻫﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺠﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻟﺍﻭ . -ﺏﻨﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ : لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ لﻤﺸﺘﻭ ﺓﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺏﻭﺭﻬﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺠﺘ

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ﻋﺩ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺏﻭﺭﻬﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺠﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻭ . 2.5 -ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ : ﺩﺘﻤﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ،ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ 15 ﻰﻟﺇ 20 ﺠ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﺠ ﺏﺎﻜﺘﺭﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﺎﻗﻭ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻰﻨﻐﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﺠ ﻡﺃ ﺔﺤﻨ لﻋﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺱﻨﺠ ﻥﻋ . 3.5 – ﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ : ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻱﻭﺤﺘ :  ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺢﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ : ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻤ لﻭﻷ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻊﻀﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ) ،ﻡﻬﺘﻤ ﻡﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻋﺎﻁ،ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻜﺤﻤ (.  ﻲﺴﺎﻜﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺢﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ : ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﻷ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻊﻀﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻟﺍ ) ﻲﻓ ﻥﻋﺎﻁ،ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻜﺤﻤ،ﻡﻬﺘﻤ ﻡﻜﺤﻟﺍ .( 4.5 ﻥﺎﻤﺩﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ : ﺭﺎﻘﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺒﺘ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ : ﺔﺴﻭﻠﻬﻤ ﺹﺍﺭﻗﺃ ،ﺵﻴﺸﺤ ،لﻭﺤﻜ ،ﻎﺒﺘ .

6 ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ

:

ﺩﻤﻴ ﺍﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﺙﺤﺒ ﻱﻷ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻟﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ، ﺔﻘﺤﻻ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﻷ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﺴﻷﺎﺒ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻭﺨﻟﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴ ) ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻁﻟﺍ ﻉﻼﻁﺇ ﺏﺴﺤ ( ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺄﺘﺭﺍ ﺕﻋﻭﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺕﻟﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﺴ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺭﺠﻤ ﺽﺭﻋ . 1.6 -ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ :

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ﻥﺎﺒﻌﺸ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﺭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ) 1992 ( : ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻓﺩﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﻨﻭﻜﺘ ،ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ 39 ﻭ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻁ 29 ﻥﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻁ ) 18 -22 ( ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﺴ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻭ ، ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻠﻟ ﺎﻴﻨﺭﻭﻔﻴﻟﺎﻜ ، ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃﻭ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺴ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ، ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺩﻗﻹﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻯﺩﻟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﻭﺴﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺠﺤﻻ ﻥﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻼﻜ ) ، ﺓﺩﺤ ﻲﻔﺴﻭﻴ 2013 ﺹ ، 130 . ( ﺵﻴﻭﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ) 1993 : ( ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺔﻨﺎﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ، ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻁ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﻭﻗ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ 1094 ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘﻭ ، ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻁﻭ ﺏﻟﺎﻁ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ : ﻕﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ، ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ ، ﺀﺎﺨﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ، لﺍﺯﻌﻨﻻﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻋ لﻭﺤﺘﻟﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﺎﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻥﻭﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﺩﺎﻨﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺩﻌﻟﺍ ، ﻪﺒﻨﺠﺘﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥ ﻡﻋﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﺎﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﻭﻠﻴﻤﻴ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻱﺩﺴﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻅﻔﻠﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﻠﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻠﻟﺍ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻟﺎﻁﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻱﺩﺴﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻅﻔﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﺩﻌﻟﺍ ، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺠﺘﻭ لﺍﺯﻌﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ). ﻠﻴﺒﻨ ﺏﻴﺒﺤ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺔ، 2010 ﺹ ﺹ، 85 -86 ( -ﺩ ﺏﺠﺭ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭ ) 1995 : ( ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﻭﻗ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ، ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟﺍ 684 ، ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘﻭ ﺱﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻯﺯﻌﺘ ﺕﺘﺒﺜﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ، ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻯﺯﻌﺘ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻟﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻼﻴﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ، ﻥﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ