ﻝﺍ ﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺭﻌ ﺡﺭ
ﺃ.
ﺢﺒﺍﺭ ﺏﺎﻴﺫ ﻀﺨﻝ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺭ
ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ) ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ (
Abstract:
The Arab- muslim civilization has known and experienced many representive forms , the sad processions of Ashura , the popular counter and the shadow theater. However, these forms did not include the components of a piece of theater that we know and that were known and designed by Wester creators and precursors . This art was unknown in the Arabic culture until the second half of the 19th century.
Key words: Arabs, theater, heritage, Greek theater, condolences Husseiniya, Al Makama, storyteller, AL Bissat, Al Halka, King of students, shadow play.
Résume :
La civilisation arabo-musulmane a connu de multiples formes représentatives tels que les maqamats, les cortèges funestes du achoura, le conteur populaire et le Théâtre de l’ombre.
Cependant, ces formes précitées n’englobaient pas toutes les composantes de la pièce théâtrale , crée et conçue par les précurseurs occidentaux.En bref, ce genre littéraire était méconnaissable et même intrus à la culture arabe jusqu’à la deuxième moitié du 19e siècle.
Mots –clés : Arabes, théâtre, patrimoine, théâtre grec, condoléances Husseiniya, almakama, conteur, ELbissat , El halka , Roi des étudiants , théâtre d'ombres.
ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ : لﺎـﻴﺨﻭ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻭﺸﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﺍﻭﻤ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻥﺇ
،لﻅﻝﺍ
،ﻥﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻌﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺏﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ّلﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤﻜﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻋﺩﺘﺒﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻜﻭ
ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻥﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
.
ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ :
،ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻏﻹﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴ ،ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ ،ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ
لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ ،ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ .
لﺨﺩﻤ : ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ
،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ لﻭﺤ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﺔﻐﻤﺍﺩ ﺔﻝﺩﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﺭﻤﻭ
،ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻡـﻝ ﻲـﺴﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯﺍ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺎﻓ
ﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﻲﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺹﻨ ﻱﺃ ﺍﺩﻬﺸﻴ
،ﻕﻴﺭﻏﻹﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥ ﻥﻴـﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺽـﻌﺒ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺸ ﺎﻤﻜ،ﺕﺎﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺤﺘﺘ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻑﺭﻋ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﻴ ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺹﻨﺒ ﺔﺠﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹰﻻﺎﻜﺸﺃ .
،ﻑﺎﻨﻭ ﺩﻴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﺎﻓ
ﺔـﻗﻼﻋ ﻲـﻓ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭ
ﻥﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ :
،ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻲﻔﻨﻴ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻴﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ّلﻜﻝﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺩﹼﻜﺅﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ
ﻪﺠﺠﺤ .
،ﻥﻴﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻨ ﻰﹼﺘﺤﻭ ﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎﻨﻤﻜﺤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻝ ﻥﻴﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ّلﻜ ﺞﺠﺤ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺒ ﻱﺭﺤ
.
I - لﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ :
ﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﻴ
،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ
: )
،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ
،ﺔﺒﺸﺨﻝﺍ
،لﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ (،
ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ لﺒﻗ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ
"
لــﻴﺨﺒﻝﺍ "
ـﻝ
"
ﻥﻭﺭﺎـﻤ
ﺵﺎﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ
") 1817 - 1855 ﻡ(
، ﻨﻋ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻁﺎﺴﺃ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﺎﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺼ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺏﺘﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ
،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ
،ﻕﻴﺭﻏﻹﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ
:
» ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﺃ ﻑﻴﻜ
،ﻪﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻁﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺔﻬﻝﻵﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻏﻹﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻴ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ
ﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻬﻝﻵﺍ
،ﹰﺍﺭﺸﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻊﻗ ﺎﻤﺃﻭ ،ﻡﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃﻭ ﻡﻫﺀﺎﻜﺫﻭ ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻡﻫﺅﺎﻜﺫﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﻭﻗ ﺕﻗﺎﻓﻭ ﻡﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺕﻤﺨﻀﺘ ﻥﺇﻭ
ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻁﺨﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋﻭ ﺔﻬﻝﻵﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﺤﺴ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺓﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﻴﻁﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋﻭ ﺔﻬﻝﻵﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺽﺭﻔﺒ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ
(1)« .
ﺭﺎﺼﻨﺃ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ ﻫ
ﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫ ﺕـﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤ
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻫﺯﺭﺒﺃ ،ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻭﺩ :
- ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ :
ﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﻨﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺵﺎﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
،ﺔﻴﻠﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﻌ ﻡـﻝ ﺕـﻠﺘ ﺭﻭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻡـﻬﻝ ﺢﺘـﺘ
ﻻﺍ
،ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴ ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺫﺇ
،ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤﻝ ﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ لﺎﺤﺭ
،ﻥﺩﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻥﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎـﻤ ﺍﺫـﻫﻭ
ﻩﺩﻜﺅﻴ "
ﻡﻴﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ
"
) 1898 - 1988 ﻡ(
ﻪﺘﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ
"
ﺏﻴﺩﻭﺃ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ
"
» ﻭﻫ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻘﺘﻓﺍ
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﻔﻏﻹ ﻲـﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻴﺃﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺎـﺘﺤﻴ
(2)« . ﻯﺭﻴﻭ
"
ﺩﺎـﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ
"
ﻥﺃ
،ﺎﻤ ﺏﻌﺸ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎـﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ
،ﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺏﻭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺓﻭﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﹰﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ
، (3)
ﻓ ـ ﻋ ﻼﻀ ﺫﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻥﺃ ﻥ ﻥﺎـﺒﻭ
ﺘﻴﺼﺨﺸ
،ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪ
،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺯﻴﺎﻤﺘﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺘﻜ لﻜﻝﺎﻓ
.
ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺔﻤﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻴﺭﺩ
:
ﺩﹸﺸﺭَﺃ ﹸﺔّﻴﺯﹸﻏ ﺩﹸﺸﺭﹶﺘ ﻥِﺇﻭ ﹸﺕﻴﻭﹶﻏ ﹾﺕﻭﹶﻏ ﻥِﺇ ﹶﺔﻴﺯﹸﻏ ﻥﻤ ﱠﻻِﺇ ﺎﹶﻨَﺃ ﺎﻤﻭ
ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﻭ
، ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﺘﻔﺘﻠﻴ ﻡﻝ
» ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻥـﻋ
ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ
(4)« . ﻴـﺴﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺍﻭﻓﺭﻋ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
،ﺔ ﹼﻻﺇ
ﻡﻬﺘﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﻷ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻬـﹼﻨﺃ ﻝ
،ﻪـﺒ ﻯﺫﺘﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴ ﺕﹼﻠﻅ ﻲﻠﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸﻠ
،ﻪﺒﻝﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺤﻤﺴﻴ ﻻ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻴﻓﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺒ ﻭ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﻌﻓ
ﺔ ﻥﻜﻤــﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺼﻘﻝﺍ
ﻏﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻫﺎﻨ
ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﺭﺎﻌﺸﺃ
(5).
- ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ :
ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺭﻜﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺜﻭ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺩ ﻥﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ
ﻭ ﻕﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻪﺘﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ
،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ لﺍﻭﺤﻷﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺭﻭـﻁﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻓ
ﻥـﻋ
ﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺱﻭﻘﻁ
،ﻕﻴﺭﻏﻹﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥ
،ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻹﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺁ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺀﻲﺠﻤﺒﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
ﻥﺎـﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻤﺎﻐﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﻝﻵﺎﺒ ﺹﻐﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ
، ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻭ ﻰﻓﺎﻨﺘﻴ
؛ ﺔﻴﻨﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﺫﺒﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﻝﻵﺍ ﺩ ــ
،ﺔﻬ ﺭﻴﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻌﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ
ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ
.(6)
- لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻡﺩﻋ :
ﺩﻭـﺠﻭ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻥﻴـﻌﻴ ﻻ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺃﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍﻭ
ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ لﺒﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ
،لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺏـﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺡﺭـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ
ﻁﻘﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ
،
» ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺃﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﻓ
،ﻩﺭﻭﺼﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺭﻤﺘـﺴﺍ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻊـﻤﻭ ﺭـﺸﻋ ﺱﻤﺎـﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﺄﺘﻤ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺎﺒ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗﻭ
ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ
(7)« .
- ﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ
: ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ
، ﻡﺜ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺒ لﺼﻴﻝ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻙﺭﺤﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ
،لﺤﻝﺍ
،ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻲﻁﺴﻭ ﻻﻭ ﻲﺤﻝﺎﺼﺘ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ لﺼﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ
ﹼﺘﺤ لﻀﺎﻨﻴ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ لﺤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻝ ﻯﺩﻤ ـ
ﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻴ ﻰ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔ
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ،(8)
» ﻲـﻓ ﻥﺎـﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩـﺠﻴ ﺏـﻝﺎﻁﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻏﺭ ﻡﺍﺩﻁﺼﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺏﺒﺴﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﻀﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻷ
ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ
(9)«
، ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺎﻓ
»
،ﻪﻨﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻻ ،ﻪـﻝﺎﺜﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺭﻭـﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻘﻠﺨﻴ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﺩﺒﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ
ﻡﺍﺩ ﺎـﻤﻭ
ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻥﻤﺅﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
-
ﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇ -
،لﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻜـﺸﺒ ﻡﻭـﻘﻴ ﺎﻨﻓ ﻕﻠﺨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻑﻴﻜﻓ
ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ
(10)«
، ﻭﻬﻓ
،ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﺔـﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﻭﺫﺒ ﻑﺭﻋ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ
،
ﻤ
،ﺭﻭﻤﻸﻝ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻡﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻴﺒﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﺎﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
،ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺂﻤﻭ ﺔﻠ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ
،ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻱﹼﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻬﻝﻵﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﺩﻀ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼ ﺩﺠﻨﻓ
) ﻱﺩﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ (،
ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺽﻓﺭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻊﻤﻭ )
ﻲﻘﻓﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ (،
لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒﻭ
ﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤﻠﻝ ﻡﻼﺴﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺽﻓﺭ ﺎﹰﻔﻠﺴ ﺭﺭﻘ
) ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ (
ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒﻭ )
ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ
(11)( .
- ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﺀﻭﺴ
» ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻓ «
ﻭﻁﺴﺭﻷ : ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻓ »
«
،ﺓﺎﻬﻠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺎﺴﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻔﻝ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ
،ﻲﺴﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺕﻁﺸﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻥﻭﻤﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻴ ﻡﻝ
ﺀﻻﺅﻫ
"
ﺱﻨﻭﻴ ﻥﺒ ﻰﺘﻤ )
ﺕ 940 ﻡ(
ﻭ"
ﺩﺸﺭ ﻥﺒﺍ ) "
1126 - 1198 ﻡ(
، ﻪـﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﺏﺎـﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺭـﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ
،ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺘﻤﻠﻜ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺩﺠﻭﻓ
ـ ﻲ ) ﺎﻴﺩﻴﻤﻭﻜﻝﺍ (
ﻭ ) ﺎﻴﺩﻴﺠﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ (،
ﺔﻤﻠﻜ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﻓ )
ﺀﺎﺠﻬﻝﺍ ( ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺒ ّلﺩﻴﻝ
ﺎﻴﺩﻴﻤﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ
) ﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺢ ( ﺎﻴﺩﻴﺠﺍﺭﺘﻠﻝ ...
ﺄﻁﺨ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺏﻜﺘﺭﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﹼﻨﻷ ﻪﺘﻝﻻﺩ ﻪﻝ
) ﻤﺯﻝﺍ ـ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﺭ (
ــﺒ ) ﻉﺍﻭـﻨﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ
(12) (
، ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ
»
،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻩﺭﺜﺃ ﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺢﻴﺩـﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺎـﺴﺄﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻫﻷﺎﺒ ﺓﺎﻬﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﻷ
ﻭﻁﺴﺭﺃ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﺍﻭﺨﺴﻤﻓ ، «
ﺎﻨﻅ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ
ﺎﻤ لﺜﺎﻤﻴ
ﻭﻔﺘﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻴﺭﻏﻹﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺍﻭﻤﺠﺭﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕ
ﻪـﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻁﺴﺭﺃ ﺎﻬﺴﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤـﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ
لﺎﺜﻤﺃ ﻥﻤ
"
ﺎﻜﻠﻤ ﺏﻴﺩﻭﺃ
"
ﻭ"
ﺓﺫﺎﻴﻝﻹﺍ
"ﻭ
"
ﺎﺴﻴﺩﻭﻷﺍ
"
.(14)
ﻨﺍﻭ ﻡﻝ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻡﺯﺠﻴ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁ ﻴﺤﺭـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻓﺭﻌﻴ
ﺭـﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺔ
،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
ﻩﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ "
ﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ـ
ﻲﻨﻭ
"
ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺄﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ »
ﻲـﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
« :
» لﻴـﺼﺄﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﻥﺇ
ﻪﻨﻭﻜﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺼﺄﺘ ﻡﺩﻌﺒ ﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗﺇ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ -
ﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻜﺸﺒ ﻲ
- ﺩﻓﻭ ﺄﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻏ ﺎﻨﻓ
ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
(15)« .
ﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺩ"
ﻡﺠﻨ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ
"
ﻥﺄﺒ ﺩﹼﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ :
» ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﻓ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﺏﺎﺒ ﺞﻝﻭ
،ﺭﺼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﻘﻋﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺩﺭﺃ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ
،ﻪﺒﺩﺃ ﻭ ﻪﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻥﻔﻜ
،ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﺃ ﺎﻨﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻘﺴﹸﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻌﻓ ﻱﻭﺤﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
،ﻥـﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒﺎﺸﻤ
ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻜﻝﻭ
(16) «
،
،ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺩﺂﺒ ﺓﺭﹼﺜﺄﺘﻤ ﺕﺄﺸﻨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﺎـﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﹼﺜﺄﺘﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ
ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻋﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸﺒ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ
، (17)
ﺇﺫ
» ﺭﻋ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻱﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤ لﺼﺃ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻋ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺒ
(18)«
، ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ
ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ لﻴﺼﺃ ﻲﺒﺭﻏ ﻥﻓ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ .
II – ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ :
ﻋ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﺘﻨﻤ لﺒﻗ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﹰﻻﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺍﻭﺩﻬﺸ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺼﻨﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ
،ﺭﺸ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍﻭ
،ﻩﺩﻌﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﺴﻭﻘﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﺘ ﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ
ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻥﻴﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺎﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻔﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔ
،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﹶﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺼﻨﺃ ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻻ ﻡ )
،ﺹﻨـﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺒـﺸﺨﻝﺍ
ﺝﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ (،
ﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ
،ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻻﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻔﺘﺤﻻﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﺍﻭﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ
ﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎ ﻥﺈـﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ
:
» ﻥﺍﺭـﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤﻫ ﺝﺭـﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ لـﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ
،ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﻠﻝ ﻥﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ
،ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﻝﺅﻤ ﺏﻴﻐﻴ ﺩﻗ
،ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺸﺨ ﺏﻴﻐﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻜﻝﻭ
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒ ﻻ ﻥ
ﻩﺎﻘﻠﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ
(19)«
، ﻭ
» ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ
«
.(20)
ﻱﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻹ ﺍﻭﻌﺴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ
"
ﻥﺎﺴﺭﻋ ﺔﻠﻘﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ
"
ﺭﺩـﺼﺃ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ
ﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﻗ
"
ﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ "
ﻭ"
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ
"
ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜﺒ "
ﻥﻁﻭـﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ "
،ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻸﻝ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ
ﺔـﻴﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘ ﺕﺎـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ
ﻝﺎﻜ
،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻘﻁ ﻌﻤﺠﺘ ﻥﻤ
ﺕﺎ ﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻗ ﺀﺎﻔﻠﺨ
ﻝﺇ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﺄﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﻭﻤ ﻰ
،ﻩ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺤﻝﺍ ﺌﺎﻜ
،ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﺠﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺭﺍﻭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴ ﺭﻤـﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎـﻨﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﻠﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺍﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻔﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ
، ﺽـﻌﺒﻭ
ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﻌﻤﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻼﻤ . (21)
ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ لﻴﺼﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺩ ﺎﻫﺩﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ :
- ﺔﻴﻠﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ :
ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ
،ﺔﻴﻠﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﻅﺎﻜﻋ ﻕﻭﺴ لﺌﺎﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻩﺩﺼﻘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺫﺇ
،ﻯﺭـﺨﻷﺍ لﺌﺎـﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻌﺸ ﺩﻀ ﻡﻬﻨﻭﻌﺠﺸﻴﻭ،ﻡﻫﺩﺌﺎﺼﻗ ﻥﻭﺩﺸﻨﻴ ﻡﻬﺌﺍﺭﻌﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔـﺠﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺔـﻐﺒﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎـﻜﻭ
ﻲﻨﺎﻴﺒﺫﻝﺍ ) ﺕ : 604 ﻡ (
،ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻴﺩﻴ ﻥﻴﺭﻋﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻤﺘﺨﻴﻭ
، ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓﻭ
- ﻩﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﺄﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﻼﺼ :
ﺔـﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭـﻴ ﺓﻼﺼﻠﻝ ﻥﺎﺠﺭﺨﻴ ﻥﻭﻤﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ
،ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺤ ﺓﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻗﺭﻓ ﺏﻜﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻓﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻡﻅﻋﺄﺒ ﺎﺒﻝ ﻱﺩﺘﺭﺘ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤ ﺔﻗﺭﻓ ﻡﻬﻤﺩﻘﺘﺘ
ﺎـﺴ
،ﻡﺎﻐﻨﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﺩﺭﺘ ﺎﺼﺎﺨ
،ﻥﺎﺴﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻴ
،لﻭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻜﺍﺭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺭﺃ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻬﻴ ﻡﻫﺩﻌﺒﻭ
ﻱﺩـﺘﺭﻴ ﻭـﻫﻭ
،ﺍﺩﻭﺴﺃ ﺎﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺎﻴﻁﺘﻤﻤ
،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ﺱﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﺭ ﻪﻌﺒﺘﻴﻭ
(23)
،
» ﻪﻤﻴﻤﺼ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻫ ﺏﻜﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬـﻓ
،ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌـﺒ ﺝﺭﺨﻤ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺽﺭﻋ ،ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﺭﻁ ﻪـﻨﺎﻜﻤ
ﻪﺘﻜﺭﺤﻭ
،ﺩﺠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻗ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻁﺒﻭ
ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ : ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨـﻝﺍ
،ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠ ﻡﻫ ﻩﻭﺠﺭﻔﺘﻤﻭ ،ﺔـﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜ ﻊﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍﻭ
ﻡﻬﻴـﻓ ﺙـﺒﻴﻭ
،ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻏﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﻌﻠﻁﻴﻭ ،ﺔﺒﻫﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻭﻤﺯﻠﻴﻓ
(24)« .
- ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ :
ﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻴﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﺎ ﺔ
ﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﺽﻭﺭﻋ لﺎﻔﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺠﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﻴ
ﺔﻔﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻯﺭﺠ ﺎﻤ لﻴﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻌ 680
ﺒﺭﻜ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻥﺒ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺠ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﻼ
"
ﻪﻨﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻲﻀﺭ
"
ﻥﺒ ﺩﻴﺯﻴﻭ
ﺩﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺸﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻭﺎﻌﻤ
"
ﻥﺸﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻱﺫ ﻥﺒ ﺭﻤﺸ
"
» ﺤﺎﺴ ﻲﻓ ُلﹼﺜﻤـﹸﺘ ﺔﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺒﺭﻀ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺔ
ﻑﻁﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﻬﻴ ﻥﻴﺯﺤ ﻡﻐﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝﺁﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻗﻻ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﺒ ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺠﺸ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ ﺦﻴﺸ ﻡﻭﻘﻴﻭ ،ﺩﺍﻭﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺤﺸﹼﺘﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍ
،ﻉﻭﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺘﺴﻴﻭ
،ﻡﻬﻋﻭﻤﺩ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻁـﻘﺘﻠﻴ ﻥﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻁﻘﺒ ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻁﻴﻭ ﻅـﻔﺤﺘ ﺔـﺠﺎﺠﺯ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻫﺭـﻁﻘﻴ ﻡﺜ
ﺀﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻼﻝ
(25)«
، ﺘﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺤﺘﺘﻭ ﻴﺯﻴﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺎ
ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ،ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺩﻴﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩ
،
ﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ .
ﺽﻭﺭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺀﻼﺒﺭﻜ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﺩﺎﻌﻴﻭ ﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘﻤ
ﻥﻤ ﻡﺭﺤﻤ ﺭﺸﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﻲﻌ
،ﺔﻨﺴ ّلﻜ ﺍﻭﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﻥﻭﺩﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺜﺩﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻨﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﺫﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻨﻤﻀﺘﻤ
،ﻡﻬﺘ ﺱـﻘﻁ ﺭـﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ
ﻪﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺍﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝﺍ
،ﺹﺨﺸ ّلﻜ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺙﻌﺒﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺠﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﻕـﺒﻴ ﻡـﻝ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ
ﻤ ﻫﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻭﺼﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﺭﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎ
ﻨﻭﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻋ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻤﻭ ﺭﺼﺤﻨﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲ
ﺒﻌﻤﻝﺍ
(26)ﺩ ، ﺙﻴﺤ
» ﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘـﺘ ﻴﺜﻜ ﺔﻴﻨ
ـ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﻴﺠﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻀﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ
،ﺓﺩﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻭﻫ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻘﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺼﻭﺒ
ﺔﻴﺩﻴﺠﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ
،ﻱﺩﻴﺠﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻋ لﻴﻜﺸﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺎﻤ ﻡﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺫﺨﹼﺘﻤ ﺕﺃﺩـﺒ ﺩـﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺩﻴﺠﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺇﻭ
ﺒ ـ
،ﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﺜﻤﻤ ﻭ
ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻡﹶﺜ ﻥﻤ ـﺒﺭﻭﻴﻭ ﺱﻴﻠﻜﻭﻓﻭﺴﻭ ﺱﻭﻠﻴﺨﺴﺇ ﺩﻴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺜﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺱﺩﻴ ...
ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
ﺎﻬﺼﻭﺨﺸ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺒ ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻀﺭﻓ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺼﻘﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ
(27)« .
- ﺔﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ـ
ﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﺜ ـ
ﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻲ ،ﺓﺭـﺠﻬﻠﻝ ﻊـﺒﺍ
) ﻕ 10 ﻡ(
، ﺓﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﻥـﻋ
ﺼﻭﺼﻗﺃ ﺔ
،ﻪﻀﺭﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ لﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻼﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻕﻤﻨﻤ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﺒ ﻎﻴﻠﺒ ﻭﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻴﻭﺭﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺙﻴﺩﺎﺤﻷ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻡﺘﻴ
ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ )
ﻋ ـ ﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃﻭ ﻡﺎﺸﻫ ﻥﺒ ﻰﺴﻴ ـ
ﻱﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻷﺍ ﺢﺘﻔ (
ﺩﻨﻋ
"
ﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺍﺫﻤﻬ "
ﻭ ) ﻡﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺒ ﺙﺭﺎﺤﻝﺍ
ﻲﺠﻭﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺯ ﻭﺒﺃﻭ (
ﺩﻨﻋ
"
ﻱﺭﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ
"،
ﺫﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﺭﺼﻨﻋﻭ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ
،ﺹﻘﻝﺍ
،ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤ ﺔـﺒﻴﺭﻗ ﻲﻬــﻓ
ﻤ ـ
ﻤ ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻨ ﺎ
"
ﺎﻤﺍﺭﺩﻭﻨﻭﻤﻝﺍ
"
"(28)
Mono Dram
"
ﺭﻭﺫـﺠ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺭـﻴ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭـﻌﺘ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ
» ﻥـﻤ ﺀﻲـﺸﻭ ﺔﻴـﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻡـﺴﺭﻭ ﻉﻭـﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ
ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ
(29)«
، ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻲﻫﻭ
»
،ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻱﻭـﺘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ
،ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ
(30)« .
- ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ )
ﻲﺒﻌـﺸﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﻘﻝﺍ :(
ﻪـﻝ ﻥﻭﺒﻴﺠﺘـﺴﻴ ﻥﻭﻌﻤﺘـﺴﻤ ﻪﻝﻭﺤﻭ ﺎﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺫﺨﹼﺘﻴ ﻲﺒﻌﺸ ﺹﺎﺼﻗ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ
ﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻴﻭ ﻡﻫﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﺒ
،ﺭﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤ ﻲﻜﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ
،ﺎﻫﺩﺸﻨﻴ
،ﺎﻬﺼﻤﻘﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﻜﻝ ﻪﺤﻤﻼﻤ لﻴﺩﺒﺘ ﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻪـﺘﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻭ ﻪﺤﻤﻼﻤ لﺩﺒﺘﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﻭﺼ ﻥﻭﻠﺘﻴﻓ
ﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﺘﻝ ﻪﻴﺩﻴ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻭ
،ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﺭﻤﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻭﻬﻓ
،لﹼﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻙﻠﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻋﺭﺴﻭ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
(31)
.
ﺕﺎﺤﺎـﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﻭـﺴﻷﺎﻜ ﺱﺎـﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﻥﻜﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻭ
،ﻲﻫﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ
ﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﺴﻴ ـﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺽـﻌﺒ لـﻴﺜﻤﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﻩﺎﻨﻭﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﻠﻴﻤﺯﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻝ لﻴﻤﺯﺒ ﻥﺎﻴﺤ
ﺕﺎﻴ
ﻗﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﺼﻭﺼ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ـﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺩـﻴﻤﻭﻜﺒ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻬﺒـﺸﻴ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭ ﻥ
"
ﺡﺭـﺴﻤ
ﻪﺘﺭﻼﻴﺩ
"
"(32)
Commedia dellarte
"
،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻗﻷﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﺎﺒ ﺭﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺭﻌﻓ
ﻡﺴ
"
ﻁﺒﺨﻤﻝﺍ
"
ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﺸﻝﺍ
"
ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ
"
ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ
"
لﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ
"
(33)
،
» ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ
،ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺡﻭﻀﻭﺒ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ
،ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺎﺸﻴﻝ ﻻ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺴﻴﻝ ﺱﻠﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ لﻌﻔﻨﻴﻝﻭ
ﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ
،ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺍﺩﺅ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﻘﻨ
ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍﻭ
(34)« .
- ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ :
ﺩـﻴﻋ ﻲـﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﺩـﻋ ﻥﻭﺩﻌﻴ ﻥﻭﻁﺴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻥﻤﺯ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﺭﻋ
،لﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺈﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺀﺎﻗﺩﺼﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺭﺒﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺀﺍﺭﻭﺸﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﻰﺤﻀﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﺒ ﻕﺤﻠﺘﻭ ﺭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻥﻭﻬﺠﹼﺘﻴ ﻡﺜ
،ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻠﻜﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﺹﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ّلﻜ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﺭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﻝﻭﺼﻭ ﺩﻨﻋﻭ
،ﺎﻬﻝ ﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﻠﺴﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ
،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩ ﻲﻨﺎﻏﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺼﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺄﺘﺒ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﻴﻭ
،ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻬﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺭﻜﻴ ﺔﻴﺎ -
ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ -
ﻙﻠﻤﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻋﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻬﺠﻭﺘﻴﻭ . (35)
» ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜﻭ
"
ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻝﺍ "
، ﻯﻭﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻴﺜﻤﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻫﺍﻭﻜﺸ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﺘﻝ ﻥﻭﻠﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻨﺘﻐﻴ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ
ﺎﻴﻬﻴﻓﺭﺘ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﺭﺍﻭﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺎﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺹﻭﺨﺸ ﻪﻝ
:
"
ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻝﺍ "
ﺜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
،ﺓﺭﻤﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺠﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ل
ﻭ"
ﻭﻫﺎﻴﻝﺍ "
ﻭ ﺀﺎﻜﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﺸﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺯﻤﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻭﻬﻴﻝﺍ
"
ﻥﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤ "
،ﺭـﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﺏـﺤﻭ ﺱﻔﹼﻨـﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺍﺭﺸ ﺭﻁﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻭﻐﻝﺍ ﻪﻀﺭﺎﻌﻴﻭ
(36)« .
- ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ :
،ﻥﺩـﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﺎﺴﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﺸ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺘﺘ ﺫﺇ
ﻥﻭـﻜ
، ﺭﻴﻁﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﺩﻘﻴ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﻤﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﺎﻨﻓ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ
،ﻥﻭﻴﻨﺍﻭﻠﻬﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ﺽـﻌﺒ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻤﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺠﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ،(37)
ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﺃﺩﺒﻴ لﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ -
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ
- ﻊﻴـﺴﻭﺘ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﺠﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻋﺩﻴﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺔـﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ
ﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻔﻝﺂﺘ ﺩﹼﻝﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻴﻀﺘ ﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﺒ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﺇﻭ ﺝﺭ
؛ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘ ﺕـﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ
لﺯﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤ .(38)
- ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴ :
،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ
"
ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ﻱﻻﻭﻤ
"
ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺓﺩـﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ
) 1666 ﻡ - 1672 ﻡ(
ﻪﻴﺨﺃ ﻊﻤ ﻪﺒﻭﺭﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﺎﺴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ
"
ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻱﻻﻭﻤ "
،ﺵﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺄﻓﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ
ﺱﺎﻓ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ ﻑﺎﻔﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻫﺯﻨ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻡﹼﻅﻨ ﻥﺄﺒ .
،ﻉﻭﺒﺴﺃ ﺭﺍﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻴﻭ ﺔﻨﺴ ّلﻜ ﻊﻴﺒﺭ ﻲﻓ لﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻴ
،ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﺒ ﻥﺍﻭﺭﻴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﺫﺇ
ﻬﻴﻓ ﻉﺎﺒﻴ ﺝﺎﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺎ ﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ
،ﻲﻨﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺯ ﻤ ﺏﺭﻘﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﺝﻭﹼﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
،ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ ﺽـﻌﺒ ﻥـﻋ ﻪﻝ ﺭﺒﻌﻴﻭ
- لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ Théâtre d’ombre
ﺈﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ : ﻩﺩﻫﺎﺸﻴ ﺭﺎﺘﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻻﺎﻴﺨ ﺀﺎﻘﻝ
،ﻥﻭﺠﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻴﻭ
،ﺹﻭﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ ﻪﻀﻭﺭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁ ﻡﺴﺍ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ
"
لﻴﺎﺨُـﻤﻝﺍ "
ﻭﺃ
"
ﻙﺭـﺤﻤﻝﺍ
"
(40)
،
ﻭ ﻥﻅ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭـﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ َلﺎﹶﺨ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺫﻭﺨﺄﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻴﺨ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺠ ﺔﻝﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﻭﺘ
ﻥﻤ ﻡﺌﺎﻨﻠﻝ ﻪـﺒﺘﺸﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭـﺼﻝﺍ
. (41)
،ﻥﻴﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻊﻀﻭﺘ ﺔﺼﻨﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﻝﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﻁﻤﻨ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺔﺼ
ﺸ ﻪﻀﺭﻌﺘﺴﺘ
،ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻤ ﺎﻫﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒ ﺔﺸﺎ ﺴﺭ ﺔﺸﺎﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ
،ﻥﺎﺒـﻀﻗ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﺘ ﺩﻠﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭ
ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﺸﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﻓ ﺃ ،
ـﻐﺘﺴﻴ ﻪـﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ـ
ﻲﻨ ﻥـﻋ
ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻨ ﻪﻝﺩﺒ ﺩﻗﻭﺘﻭ
،ﺕﻴﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺎ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺜﺩﺤﺘﻴﻭ ﺔﻗﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺤﻴﻓ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ
.(42)
ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
"
لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ
"
،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺢـﻤﻼﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴﻭ
ﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﺸﻤﻭ ﺭﺼ ﻡﻴـﻘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺩـﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﻝﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻤﻻﺁﻭ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﻤﺁﻭ ﺀﺎﻁﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻋ
لﺜﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ :
،ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ
،ﺕﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ
،ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭـﻌﺘﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻻﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﻋﻻﺍ
...
ﻼﻋ ﺔﻴـﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺝ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ لﺜﻤ ﻥﻴﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ
:
،لﺠﺨﻝﺍ
،ﺱـﻔﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺀﺍﻭﻁﻨﻻﺍ
ﺩﺩﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻭﺨﻝﺍ .(43)
ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ
"
ﻲﻠـﺼﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﻤﺸ
"
(44)
ﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ
ﻤ ﺭﻬ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻥ
"
لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ "
ﹾﺫﺇ ﺍﺭﻌـﺸ ﻪﻔﺼﻴ
لﻭﻘﻴﻓ
(45) : .
ﻫ ﺎﹶﻨﹸﻝﺎﻴﹶﺨ ﹺﺏﺩَﻷﺍﻭ ِلﹾﺫﺒـــﻝﺍ ﻭ ِلﻀـﹶﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﹺﺏـﹶﺘﺭﻝﺍ ِلـﻫَﺄِﻝ ﺍﹶﺫ
ﹺﺏﻫﱠﺫـــﻝﺎﹺﺒ ﻲﺘﺩﺎـَـﺴ ﻩﻭﹸﻁﱢﻘﹶﻨﹶﻓ ﹲﺔﻤﺠ ﻪﺒ ِلﻀﹶﻔـﻝﺍ ﺏﻫﺍﹶﺫـﻤ
» لﺎﻴﺨ ﻥﻓ ﺍﻭﺒﻠﺘﺠﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺃ ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻅﻝﺍ
، ﺎﻨﻫ ﻙﺸ ﻼﻓ ﻡﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻡﺃ
ﻓ ـﹼﻨﺃ ﺭﺍﻭـﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻨﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻗﺭﺃ ﻭﻫ ،ﻲﻫﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻲ ـ
ﻪ
ﺭﺴﻤ ﺼﻔﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻠ
، ﺔﻁﺎﺴﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ
(46)« .
- ﻰﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ )
ﺱﺌﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ ( Théâtre de marionnettes :
ﺩﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ ﺔـﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹰﻻﺩﺒ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻰﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ،ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺸ ﻰﻤ
،ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺴﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﺔﻓﺩﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ ﻥـﻤ لـﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺩﺠ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ
،ﻪﻝﺎﻴﺨ ﺽﻴﺭﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺍﺫﺠﻨﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤﻭ
ﺭﺎﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺩ .(47)
» ،ﺡﺭـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻥﺃ لﺒﻗ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺕﻗﻭ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻰﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﻌﻝ ﺩﻗﻭ
،لﻭﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﺩﺤﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻨﻝﺯﺎﻤﻭ
،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻤ ﺩﻬﻋ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺎﻨﻴﻝﺇ ﻰﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺩﺤﺘ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻅﻭﻔﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺩﻝﺍﻭ
"
ﺭﻓﻭﻠﻝﺍ
"
،ﺎﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﺼﺎﻔﻤ ﻲﺤﻭﺘ ﺱﻴﺭﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭـﺴﻤ ﻥﺄﺒ
،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﺱﺌﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺒﺎﻌﻝﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻐﺼﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺫﺇ
(48)« .
ﻭ
،ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻙﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠـﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼـﻁﻨﺍ
ﻰﻤﺩﻝﺍ .(49)
1 - ﺎﺼﻌﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺌﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ Marionnette a tiges:
ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺎﻴﻘﻓﺃ ﻙﺭﺤﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺎﺼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓﻭ :
ﺔﻴﺒﺸﺨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﺩﺤ ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻗ .
2 - ﺔﻴﺯﺎﻔﻘﻝﺍ ﺱﺌﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ :
Marionnette a gaine ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﺒ ﻑﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﺼﺃ لﺎﺨﺩﺇ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻭ :
ﺎﻬﻜﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﻡﺜ .
3 - ﻁﻭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﺱﺌﺍﺭﻋ Marionnette a fil:
،ﻁﻭـﻴﺨ ﻭﺃ ﻙﻼـﺴﺃ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻙﺭﺤﹸﺘ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻤ ﻰﻤﺩ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫﻭ :
ﻬﻓﺍﺭﻁﺃ ﻥﻭﺒﻋﻼﻝﺍ ﺏﺫﺠﻴ ـ
ﺔﺒﺸﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎ .
ﻊﻤ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﺘ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼـﻤﻝﺍﻭ
"
لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ "
ﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ـ
ﺔـﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻭـﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬ
،ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺤﻤ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺜﺒﻋ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ
ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﻨ . (50)
ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻨﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝ ﺓﺄﻴﻬﻤ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﹰﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍﻭ
،ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ
،لﺎﺠﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﻜﺫ ﻑﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺭـﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ّلـﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺠ )
،ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ
،ﺔﺒﺸﺨﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ
(،
ﻲـﻓ ﻲﺤﺭـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥـﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ
،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻨﺘﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﻅﻨﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻊﻤ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻀﻭﻋ ﺩﻗ
ﻝ ﺎﻬﻴﺤﺎﻨﻤ لﻜﺒ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻠ .
ﻬﻝﺍ ﻤﺍﻭ ﺵ
-(1)
ﺭﻭﺩﻨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .
ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ . ﻝ ﺭﺼﻤ ﺔﻀﻬﻨ ﺔﻝﺎﺠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠ
ﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ، ﺓ،
،ﺭﺼﻤ 1989 ﺹ ، 14 .
-(2)
ﻡﻴﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ .
ﺏﻴﺩﻭﺃ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺔﻴﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ
،
،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ
،ﺭﺼﻤ ﺹ ،ﺕ ﺩ 25
.
-(3)
ﺩﺎﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ .
ﻲﻓ ﺭﻁﺍﻭﺨ ﺔﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ
. ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
، ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ
، ﻝﺒ
،ﻥﺎﻨ 1973 ﺹ،
115 .
-(4)
ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺏﻴﺠﻨ ﻲﻜﺯ .
ﺏﺎﺒﻝﻭ ﺭﻭﺸﻗ .
ﻥﻋ ﻼﻘﻨ : ﻡﻴﻨﻏ ﻥﺎﺴﻏ
".
ﻨﻋ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩ
"
،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﹼﻠﺠﻤ ،ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺴ
ﺩﹼﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ 27 ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ، 473 ، 2011 ﺹ ، 163 .
-(5)
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻭﻤﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤ .
ﺭﺼﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺄﺘ .
،ﺏﺭـﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﹼﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ
،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ،ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺴ 1999
، ﺹ 17 .
- (6)
ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻪﺴﻘﻨ
. ﺹ 19 .
- (7)
ﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺨ ﻰ
. ﺦﻴﺭﺄﺘ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ -
ﺭﻴﻅﻨﺘ - لﻴﻠﺤﺘ .
،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ
،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ
،ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺴ
1997
، ﺹ 06 .
- (8)
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻡﻴﻨﻏ ﻥﺎﺴﻏ
".
ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ
"،
ﺹ 175 .
- (9)
ﺓﺩﺎﻤﺤ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ .
ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ .
،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺭﺼﻤ
1981
، ﺹ 162
(10)
- ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 157 .
(11)
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻭﻤﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺄﺘ .
ﺹ 21 .
-(12)
ﺓﺯﻴﺯﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ .
،ﻥﻭﻴﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﻁ،ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ
2 ، 1988 ﺹ ، 22 .
-(13)
لﻼﻫ ﻲﻤﻴﻨﻏ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .
ﻷﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲـﺒﺩ .
ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
، ﺎﻨﺒﻝ ،ﻥ 1973 ﺹ،
54 .
-(14)
ﻰﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺨ ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 09 .
-(15)
ﻲﻨﻭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺄﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ .
ﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺒ
،ﺔﻤﻜﺤ ﺝﺎﻁﺭﻗ
،
،ﺱﻨﻭﺘ 1993
، ﺹ 21 - 22 .
-(16)
ﻡﺠﻨ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .
ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ 1847
- 1914 . ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
،
،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ
،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﻁ 3
، 1980
، ﺹ 17 .
(17)
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ لﻼﻫ ﻲﻤﻴﻨﻏ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ .
،ﺭـﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺭـﺼﻤ ﺔﻀﻬﻨ 1992
،
ﺹ 46 .
(18)
- ﺱﻴﻨﻭﺩﺃ ) ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ .(
ﺔﺤﺘﺎﻓ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝ .
ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ،ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
، ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﻁ 1
، 1980
، ﺹ 170 .
-(19)
ﺎﻔﻴﺴﺘﻨﻴﺘﻭﺒ ﺎﻨﻓﻭﺭﺩﻨﺎﺴﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﺎﻤﺘ .
ﻝﺃ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻋﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻑ .
،ﻥﺫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ
،ﻲﺒﺍﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺭـﻴﺒ
، ،ﻥﺎـﻨﺒﻝ
ﻁ 2
، 1990
، ﺹ 31 .
ﺱﻭﻨﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺩﻌﺴ(20)
. ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻲﺒﺭﻋ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ .
ﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔ
، ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﻁ 1 ، 1988
، ﺹ 09 .
(21)
- ﻲﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺩﺩﻋ
247
، ﺍ
،ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝ ﻁ 2 ، 1999
، ﺹ 30 ﻰﻝﺇ 45 .
-(22)
ﻰﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺨ ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 09 .
(23)
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 40
.
- ﻰﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺨ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 40
(24).
(25)
- ﺭﻤﻋ ﻲﻗﻭﺴﺩﻝﺍ . ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺭﺍﺩ
،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ
، ﺭﺼﻤ
، 2003
، ﺹ 10 .
(26)
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻥﻴﻤﺃ ﺩﻝﺎﺨ . لﺼﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴﺃﻭ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ .
ﻱﺩﻌـﺴﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ
،
ﻁ ،ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺍﻭﻁﺘ 1،2002
ﺹ ، 64 .
(27)
- ﻲﺠﺭﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ .
ﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺎﻨﺩﻋ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ
،ﻥ
،ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ ،ﻕﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻁ 1 ، 2012 ﺹ ، 56 - 57 .
(28)
- ﺎﻤﺍﺭﺩﻭﻨﻭﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤ
، ﻴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻭﺤﻨﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ـ
ﻴﺘﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭ ـ ﻥ : Monos
،ﺩﻴﺤﻭ ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ
ﻭ Drama ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ
ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻲـﻓ لﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ،لﻌﻔﻝﺍ .
) ﺱﺎـﻴﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﺎﻤ،ﺏﺎـﺼﻗ ﻥﺎـﻨﺤ .
ﻡـﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﺍ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝ . ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻓ ﻭ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ .
ﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺸﺎﻨ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ 1
، 1997 ﺹ ، 493 .(
(29)
- ﻥﺎﺴﺭﻋ ﺔﻠﻘﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ .
ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ .
،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﹼﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﻕﺸﻤﺩ
ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺴ ،
، 1981
، ﺹ 128 .
-(30)
ﺎﻔﻴﺴﺘﻨﻴﺘﻭﺒ ﺎﻨﻓﻭﺭﺩﻨﺎﺴﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﺎﻤﺘ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻋﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻑﻝﺃ .
ﺹ 58 .
(31)
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 239 .
(32)
- ﻪﺘﺭﻼﻴﺩ ﺎﻴﺩﻴﻤﻭﻜﻝﺍ :
،ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺩﻴﻤﻭﻜ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ
،ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻻ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﻥﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻭ ﻥﺭـﻘﻝﺍ ﺫـﻨﻤ ﺎـﻴﻝﺎﻁﻴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺄﺸﻨ
ﺭﺸﻋ ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ )
ﻕ 16 ﻡ(
،
،لﺎﺠﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻱﺃ
لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺹﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻴﺭﺎﻨﻴﺴ ﻭﺃ ،ﻕﺒﺴﻤ
لﻭﺨﺩ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻭ
،ﻥﻴﻠﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻭ ﺙﺩﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ
. ) ﺏﺎﺼﻗ ﻥﺎﻨﺤ ،ﺱﺎﻴﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﺎﻤ .
ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 388 - 389 . (
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻡﻴﻨﻏ ﻥﺎﺴﻏ
".
ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ."
ﺹ 160 - 161 .
(33)
-34)
ﻥﺎﺴﺭﻋ ﺔﻠﻘﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ .
ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 240 .
(35)
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻱﺩﻋﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﺎﺤ .
ﺕﺍﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
. ،ﺕﻭﺭـﻴﺒ ،ﺕﺎـﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻠﻝ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ،ﻥﺎـﻨﺒﻝ
ﻁ 1 ، 1999 ،
ﺹ 137 .
-(36)
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 60 .
(37)
- ﻱﺩﻋﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﺎﺤ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ .
ﺹ 137 .
- ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﺹ 58 - 59
(38) .
(39)
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 61 - 62 .
(40)
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺜﻤ
".
لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ ﺱﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻠﺼﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩ ﻥﺒﺍ ."
،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ
،ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ
ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ 534
، 2008
، ﺹ 369 .
-
،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ
، ﺱﺎﻴﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﺎﻤ ﺏﺎﺼﻗ ﻥﺎﻨﺤ
. ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 190 .
(42)
- ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻤ لﻴﻠﺨ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﻭ ﻪﺒﺍﺩﺁﻭ ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ
. ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺭﻴﺭﺠ ﺭﺍﺩ
،
،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ
،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻁ 1،2006
، ﺹ 178 - 179 .
(43)
- ﻑﻠﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﻭﺼﻌﻤ
".
ﻑﻭﻝﺄـﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﻁﻨﻻﺍ ،لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ
"
،ﺔﻴﺭﻭـﺴﻝﺍ ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ،ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻠﺠﻤ
ﺩﺩﻋ 516،2006
، ﺹ 229 - 230 .
(44)
- لﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﻤﺸ ﺩﻝﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻕﺍﺭﻌﻝﺎﺒ لﺼﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺍﺯﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﻥﺒ
1238
،ﻡ ﺽـﻌﺒﻭ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻅﻔﺤ
ﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ
،ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺘﺎﺘﻜ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺙ
،ﺭﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻁ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻊﺒﺎﺘ،ﺎﻬﺴﺭﺍﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﻠﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺏﺎـﺒ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻨﺎﻜﺩ ﺫﺨﺘﺍﻭ
،ﻩﺎﻀﺭﻤ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺴﻻ ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ
) ﻥﻭﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻁ (
،ﻪﺘﻨﻬﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
،ﻪﺘﻴﺍﻭﻫ ﺔﻝﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓﻭﺘ
1310 ﻡ.
لﺎـﺠﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻙﺭﺘ
ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﺭﺴﻤ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻡﻀ لﻅﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨ :
،ﺏﻴﺭﻏﻭ ﺏﻴﺠﻋ ،لﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻁ ﻡﻴﺘﻴﻝﺍ ﻊﺌﺎﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
) . ﺔﻴﺎﻁﻗ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺴ .
لﺎـﻴﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ
لﻅﻝﺍ .
،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ
،ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺴ 1977
، ﺹ 18 ، 19 ، 20 (.
(45)
- ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻤ لﻴﻠﺨ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ .
ﺸﻨ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃﻭ ﻪﺒﺍﺩﺁﻭ ﻪﺘﺄ
. ﺹ 177 .
(46)
- ﻲﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 43 .
-(47)
ﺏﺎﺼﻗ ﻥﺎﻨﺤ،ﺱﺎﻴﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﺎﻤ ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 210 .
-(48)
ﺭﺼﺎﻨ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻥﺎﻨﺩﻋ ."
لﺎﻔﻁﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﻜﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﻰﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤ ."
ﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ،ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺴﻝ
481 ،
2003 ﺹ ، 91 .
-(49)
ﺏﺎﺼﻗ ﻥﺎﻨﺤ،ﺱﺎﻴﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﺎﻤ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﻲﺤﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺹ 211 .
-(50)
ﻭﺩﻨﻻ ،ﺭﻅﻨﻴ .
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ .
،ﺕ ﺩ، ﻁ ﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ، ﻡﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ،ﺽﻭﻋ ﺭﻭﻨ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﺹ
20 .
