161
ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ
لﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ) (
ﺭﻴﺩﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻨ
ﻭﺯﻭ ﻱﺯﻴﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ )
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ (
Abstract:
Umberto Eco has attached great importance to the metaphor which he linked to the encyclopedia Eco also attributed to the metaphor a cognitive function between the poetic metaphor and the naïve metaphor based on the knowledge brought by each of them. He also established a relationship between metaphor and the question of interpretation as a result to the semiotics of Charles sanders peirce and deconstruction of j. Derrida.
- Umberto Eco, the metaphor, the encyclopedia, a cognitive function, the poetic metaphor, the naïve metaphor.
Résumé:
Umberto ECO a accordé une grande importance à la métaphore qu’il a liée à l’encyclopédie.ECO place la métaphore au sommet des images tant elle recouvre selon lui la rhétoriques dans toutes ses ramifications puisqu’elle présente des relations avec les autres figures. Par ailleurs ECO attribue à la métaphore une fonction cognitive séparant la métaphore poétique de la métaphore naïve sur la base de la connaissance qu’apporte chacune d’elle .Aussi il a établi une relation entre la métaphore et la question de l’interprétation.
- Umberto Eco, la métaphore, l’encyclopédie, la fonction cognitive, la métaphore poétique, la métaphore naïve, l’interprétation.
ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ : ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ لﻐﺸ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻁﺒﺭﻭ ﻪﺘﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﹼﻜﺭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪ ﻭﻜﻴﺈـﻓ ،
ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﻀﻴ ﻲﹼﻁﻐﺘ
- ﻪﺒﺴﺤ - ﻪﺘﺎﺒﻌﺸﺘ لﻜﺒ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﹰﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ
ﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻊﻤ
ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺯﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﺒﺸﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺫﺇ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ .
ﺎﻤﻜ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻯﺭﻴ
ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻥﺃ لـﻜ ﺎﻬﻤﺩـﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺠﺫﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻴ
ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ ﺓ لﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ، ﻥﻴﺒ ﻩﺩﻨﻋ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴ ﺒ
ﺱﺭﻭ ﺍﺩﻴﺭﺩ ﻙﺎﺠ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻜﻔﺘﻭ .
ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺕــﺎﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،لـﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺠﺫﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ:
ﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺎﻁ
.
162
ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ : ﺕﺀﺎـﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺯﺭﻓﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﺍ
ﺩﻨﺎﻨﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺎﻬﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻘﻋ ﺩ
ﺭﻭﺴﻭﺴ ﻱ )
Ferdinand de Saussure (
ﺔـﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ،
ﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺨﺯ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹ
: ﺔـﻴﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺔـﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤـﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ
ﻱﺩـﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻋﺎﺴ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻌﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻐﺘﺸﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ )
ﻲﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ
( ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،
ﻲﻝﺎـﻁﻴﻹﺍ ﺩﻗﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ،لﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ .
1 - ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ :
ﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﹼﻜﺭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ لﻐﺸ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻁﺒﺭﻭ ﻪﺘﺸﻗﺎﻨ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﺒ ﻲﻅﺤ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ :
ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭﻜﻴﺈـﻓ ،1
ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﻀﻴ ﻲﹼﻁﻐﺘ
- ﻪﺒﺴﺤ - ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺢﻀﹼﺘﻴﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺎﺒﻌﺸﺘ لﻜﺒ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ
" : ﻥﺇ
ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻓﺎﻤ لﻜﺒ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ
"
ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻊـﻤﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،2
،ﺔـﻴﺎﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺯﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﺒﺸﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺫﺇ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻻﺍ
ﺎﻌﺘﺴ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ لﻗﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭ )
ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ (
ﺓﺭـﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻋﻭ ﺯﻤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﺜﻴﺩﺤ
ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ ،لﻴﺜﻤﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻭﻘﻴﻷﺍﻭ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﺤﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺱﻘﹼﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺫﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﻝﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،3
،ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﺕﺤﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﺩﻗ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺭ
ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺘﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺱﻔﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻜ ﻪﻋﻭﺭﻓ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ .
ﻥﻴﺘﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ :
،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻝﻭﻤﺸ ﺓﺭﻜﻓﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﺃ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﺄﻓ
ﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﹼﻨ
"
ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﻝﺃ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﻝﺃ
"
ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﻭﻤﺸ ﺎﻤﺃ ،4
"
،ﺎـﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ
ﺩـﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺩـﺼﻘﺒ ﺩﻝﻭﺘ ﺔﻘﺤﻻ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ّلﻜﻭ ،ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﺱﺴﺅﺘ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﹼﺜﻝﺍ
"
ﺕﺤﺘ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴﻭ ،5
ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻐﻠﻐﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻤﺸ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ -
ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ - ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﺜﺍ
ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻷﺍ ،
» ﺭﺨﺁ ﻲﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻜﻭ «
ﺎﻤﻭ لﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺅﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺔﻝﺁ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ
ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻫﺅﺎﺸﻨﺇ
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« ،ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻼﻤﺤﻤ ﻭﺃ ،
ﺔﻝﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﺘﻭ
» ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ « ﺩﻴﺩﺠﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺤﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍﻭ ؛ﺔﻝﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﻴﺼﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﺠﺭﻝﺍ ،6
ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻺﻝ ﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ
.
ﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻼﺜﺎﻤﺘ ﻡﻴﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ لﻤﺸﻴ لﺒ ،ﻪﻝ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﻴ
ﻥﻴﺘﻤﺴ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ لﺜﺎﻤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨـﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﺸﻴ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻝﻻﺩ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻭﺃ ∗
ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﹼﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﺒﺴﻭ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎـﻌﻝﺍ
ﺕﻻﻭﺅـﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻉﻭـﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻠﹼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﺎﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﹼﻠﻁﺘﻴ لﺒ ،ﺎﻴﺴﺤ ﺎﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺎﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺯﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻨ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻭﺤ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻱﺃﺭ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻝﻭ ،7
:
- "
ﺭﻴﻤﻀ ﻡﺘﺎﻜ
"
.8
ﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻼﺜـﻤ ﺉﺭﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭـﻌﻴ ﻥﺄـﻜ ،ﺭﻴﻤﻀ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﺒ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻜﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴ
"
،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﺭﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍﻭ ،لﺍﻭﻗﻷﺍﻭ ،لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻴﹼﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻴﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹ ﻲﺴﻔﻨ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻁﺎﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ
163
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺼﻴﻭ ،ﻙﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻤﻀﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺃ
"
ﻠﺘﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ لﺒ ، ﺔﻋﻭـﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻤﻜﺍﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻷﺍ ﻙ
ﻥـﻤ ﺭﻴﻤﻀ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﻭ ،ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ +] : ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺇ [ ، +]
ﻱﻭﻨﻌﻤ [ ، +]
ﻲﺴﻔﻨ [ ﻲـﻫﻭ ،ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬـﻀﺭﻔﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺘﻴﻭ ، :
+]
ﻕﺤ [،
+]
لﺩﻋ [ ، +]
ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤ [ ﺔـﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺢﻀﹼﺘﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،
ﻥﻴﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ،ﻕﻤﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻀﻭﻤﻏ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ .10
ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﺭﻴﺼﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﺘ
» ﻴﺘﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻨﻭﻜﺘ ﻥ «
ﻙـﻝﺫﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ
ﻥﻭـﻜﺘ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻜ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺎﻤﻫﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻩﺯﻭﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻤ لﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﻏﺩﺇ لﻀﻔﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ
» ﺀﺎﻨﺒ « ﺱ ﻥﺎﻴﻜ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻲﻤﺴﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ
» ﺝ ،ﺏ ،ﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ «
ﻥـﻤ
ﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﺍﺩﺒﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﺎﻴﻜ
» ﻝ ،ﺩ ،ﺝ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
«ﻫ ﺓﺩـﺤﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺎـﻋﻭﻨ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻴ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺝ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻏﺩﺈﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،
،ﺩ ،ﺝ ،ﺏ ،ﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺒﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻗﻭﺒﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤ
11ﻫ ،ﻭـﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻲﻠﻋﺎﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،
ﻵﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻨ ﻩﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﻑﻴﻜ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﺘ
:
- "
ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺏﺫﻜﺘ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ
"
.12
ﺎﻤﻫ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﹼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ :
» ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ « ﻭ
» ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ
« ﺏـﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔـﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،
ﻲﺘﻷﺎﻜ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺎﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺎﻨﻫ لﻤﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ :
ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ
ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ
+]
ﺔﻐﻝ +] [ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺤ
[
+]
ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ +] [ لﻗﺎﻋ
[
+]
ﻑﹼﻝﺅﻤ +] [ ﻡﻼﻜ
[
+]
ﺉﺭﺎﻗ [
+]
ﺏﺫﻜ [
ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻏﺩﺈﺒ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﺘ +]
ﺏﺫﻜ [ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
» ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ
« ﺩﻼﻴـﻤ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴﻓ ،
ﻲﻓ لﹼﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻗﻭﺒﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ :
ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ : +]
ﺔﻐﻝ [ ، +]
ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ [ ، +]
ﻑﻝﺅﻤ [ ، +]
ﺉﺭﺎﻗ [ ، +]
ﺏﺫﻜ [.
ﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻲﻤﺴﻴ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﻨﺴﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎ
" : ﻰﹼﻨـﺴﺘﻴ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ
ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺭﻴﺼﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ
"
ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻱﺃ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،13
.
ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﺄﺒ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ :
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ
» ﺓﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ « ﻭﺃ
» ﺔﺒﻌﺼﻝﺍ « ﻭﺃ
» ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ
« ﺎﻤﻭ ،
ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻭﻫ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺎﻬﺒﺴﻜﻴ ﺎﻨﻨﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ
ﺓﺩـﻘﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻼﺘ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ لﻭﺠﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ
ﻲـﻓ ﺕﺎـﻀﺭﺎﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎـﻓﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺍﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺩﺩﻋ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ،ﻰﻠﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺱﻭﻴﺭﻭﻓﺭﻭﻓ ﺓﺭﺠﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،14
ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺔـﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ
ﺭـﺜﻜﺃ
ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻏ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘﻝ .
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ
» ﺔﺠﺫﺎﺴﻝﺍ « ﻭﺃ
» ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤﻝﺍ
« ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﺌـﻀﻭ ﺓﺭـﻴﻘﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،
ﻻ ،ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺘ
ﺔـﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺭﹼﺫﺤﻴ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﻘﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ لﻭﻘﺘ لﺒ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺒ ﻲﺘﺄ
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻠﺨﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻕﻼﻐﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ
» ﺔـﻤﻴﺩﻋ
ﺔﻴﺭﻋﺎﹼﺸﻝﺍ «
ﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴ
» ﺔﻴﺭﻋﺎﺸ « ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﺎﻤ ﻑﺭﻌﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺩﺒﺃ ﺎﻨﻨﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻪﹼﻨﻷ ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ
» ﻲﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺴ ﻡﺎـﻅﻨ ﻱﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﻭﺃ
164
ﺭﺨﺁ
« ﺔﻐﻝ ﺕﻝﺎﻗ ﻥﺃ ﺕﻘﺒﺴ ﺍﺫﺎﻤ ،ﺏﻴﺭﻘﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻑﺭﻌﻨ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻝﻭ ،
» ﺭـﺨﺁ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻭﺃ
« ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻑﺭـﻌﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻭﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﻨﺴﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻕﺒﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻨﺴ .15
ﺎـﻬﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻼﻐﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻱﺃﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﹼﺘﻴ ﻤ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﺓﺩـﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻋﻭـﺴﻭ
ﺎـﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻔﻠﺴ ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻔﺘﻜﺘ لﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﻻﺍ لـﻴﻭﺄﺘ لﺎـﺠﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﻊﺴﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﻓ ،ﻥﻴﺘﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻕﺜﺒﻨﻴ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﺭﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤﻝﺍ -
ﻤﻜﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺕﻘﺒﺴ ﺎ -
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻤﻜ ؛ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻙﻠﻤﺘ
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ .
2 - ﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴ
ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ :
ﻘﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎـﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺡﺎـﻴﺯﻨﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻴﻠ
ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻕﺭـﻔﻴ ﻭـﻜﻴﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻨﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﺘ ،ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻜ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺠﺫﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻪـﻴﺃﺭ ﺢـﻀﻭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ل
ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻜﺄﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ
" : ﺎـﻓﺭﺨﺯ ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ﻭﻝ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ ،ﺎﻓﺭﺨﺯ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻨﻤﻬﺘ ﻻ
ﻁﻘﻓ
» ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﻤﺠ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒ لﻭﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ «
ﺔـﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻹﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﻜﻝ
ﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻀﻹﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻬﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺇ لﺒ ،ﺔﺤﻴ
"
.16
ﻥـﻤ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻰﹼﻠﺠﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻪﻜﺭﺘﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ
،ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﻤ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺘﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻼﺨ لﺜﻤ ﻥﻤ
: ،ﻲـﺴﺭﻜﻝﺍ لﺠﺭ
ﻭـﻜﻴﺇ لﻭﻘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺯﺠﺎﻋ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺠﺭ ،ﺔﺠﺎﺠﺯﻝﺍ ﻕﻨﻋ
" : ﻕـﻠﺨﺘ
ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ
"
ﻥﻴـﺒ لـﺼﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻕـﹼﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘﻓ ،17
لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩـﻨﻋ ﺔـﻴﺭﻘﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻤﻼﻋ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻤﻼﻋ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﻓ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ
ﺎـﻴﺤﻴ ﻪـﹼﻨﻷ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﻥﺍﻭـﻴﺤ ﻪـﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ،ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻲﻫ ﻻﻭ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺴﻨﻭﺠﻭ ﻑﻭﻜﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ 18
.
ﻑﻴﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﺴﻨﻭﺠﻭ ﻑﻭﻜﻴﻻ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﺎـﻴﺤﻴ ﻪـﹼﻨﺃ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ
،ﺎﻬﺒ ﻓ"
ﻲـﻓﻭ ﺎـﻨﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ لﺒ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺼﺘﻘﻤ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻨﻜﻭﻠﺴﻭ ﺎﻨﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺱﺎـﺴﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ
ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ لﻘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻻ ﻥﻭﺴﻨﻭﺠﻭ ﻑﻭﻜﻴﻻ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻥﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤ لﻘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻻﺎﻌﻔﻨﺍﻭ ﺎﻨﻜﻭﻠﺴﻭ ﺎﻨﺒﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﺭﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺈﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻘﺘﺸﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﺎﻌﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﻝ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﺎﻨﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻘﺴﻨ ﻥ
» ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤ « ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺼﺃ
» ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤ « ﺩـﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺼﺒ
ﺎﻬﺒ لﻐﺘﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻫﺭﺒﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺍﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻓ19
ﺎﻴﻠﻴﺨﺘ ﺍﺭﻴﻭﺼﺘ ﻩﺭﻴﻭﺼﺘﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ لﻘﻨ ﻲ .
ﺩﻗﻭ ﻥﺄـﺸ ﺎـﻬﺘﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺔـﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺴﻨﻭﺠﻭ ﻑﻭﻜﻴﻻ ﻩﺎﻔﻀﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ
ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺫﺇ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ
"
ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﻁﻴﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻫﹼﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻬﻤ ﻁﻴﺴﻭ
ﺤ ﺕﺎﻨﺌﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻗﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﺒﺘﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺤ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴ
"
ﻲـﻓ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،20
ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺄﺒ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻥﻭﻴﺘﻠﻁﺸﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺼﺼﺨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ
"
ﺀﺎﻴﺸﺃ ﺭﻴﺒﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺒﺭﺠﺘﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻡﻬﻓ
165
ﻯﺭﺨﺃ
"
. ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻘﻴﻗﺩﺘﻭ -
لﻭﻘﻴ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ -
ﻥـﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭـﻨ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻗﺭﻔﺘ ﻡﻬﻔﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
ﺓﺭـﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺔـﻴﻔﻴﻜﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺌﻜﹼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻱﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻝﻭﺃ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺴﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻨﺎﺜﻭ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﹼﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻤﹼﻠﻝﺎﻜ ،ﺔﺒﺭﺠﹼﺘﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺓﺩـﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻕﻠﺨﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴ
،ﻥﺎـﺘﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﺎـﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺎـﻤﻬﻝ ﻥـﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺍﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻱﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺴﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻨﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ لﻭﺤ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺈﺒ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻱﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﻓ ﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﺏﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻀﻐﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺴﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻓﺭ
ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﺍ ﻡـﻏﺭﻭ ؛22
،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻪﻓﺭﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻭﺼﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﺴﻨﺃ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺘﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺎﻫ ﺎﻘﺴﺍﻭ ،لﻭﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﻥـﹼﻜﻤﺘ ﺔـﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ لﺒ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻬﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻁ
ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻫﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻅﻭﺤﻠﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘ ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺨﻠﺨ ،ﺎﻓﺭﺼ ﺎﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﻝ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،23
ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠـﺴﻝﺍ لـﺜﻤ ،ﻯﺭـﺨﻷﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴ ﻪﺒ ﺭﹼﺜﺄﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺭﹼﺜﺄﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﺎﻋ ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ لﺒ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁـﺸﻨﻷﺍﻭ
ﺎﻫﺭﺸﺎﺒﻨ .24
3 - ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ :
،ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ لﻭﻘﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ّلﺘﺤﻴ ﻪـﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﺕﻌـﺴﻭﻭ ﻪﺘﻨﻏﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ،ﺎﻔﹼﺜﻜﻤ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺙﻴﺤ لـﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺎﻜ
ﺓﺭﺜﻜﻭ ﻲﻝﻻﺩ ﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﺒ ﻁﻴﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺘﻨﻷﺍ ،ﻲﺴﻔﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻪﺒﺘﻜ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ
» ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ «
ﻲـﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺯﹼﻜﺭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﻕﺍﻭﺫﺄـﺒﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺩـﺤﻤ ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒ ﺎﻁﻭﺭـﺸﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓﻭ ﻑﺸﻜ ﻪﺘﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﹼﻨﻔﻝ
ﺎﻤﹼﻅﻨﻤﻭ ﺎﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﻬﺘﻨﻤ ﻼﻜﺸ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺇﻭ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻲﹼﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﻪﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﺕﻻﻭﻴﻤﻭ ﺩ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﺭﻁﺒ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻠﻝ ﻼﺒﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﻭﻜﻝ ﺎﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤ ﻪﹼﻨﺈﻓ ﻥـﻋ ﻡﺘـﻴ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺩﺎﺴﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭ
ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺩﹼﻝﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻜﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﹼﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻰﻁﻌﻤ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ
25
ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍ .
ﺔﻴﺴﺭﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﻴ ﺍﺩـﻴﺭﺩ ﻙﺎﺠ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻜﻔﺘﻭ
) Jaque Dirrida (
ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﻴ ﺫﺇ ،
ﻻ ﺎﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍ ﺎﻌﺒﺎﻁ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻔﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻴﺭﺩ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺭﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺯﻭﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍ ﺔﺌﺍﺭﻗ لﻜ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻩﺩﻴﻘﺘ ﻻﻭ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻡﹼﻜﺤﺘﺘ ﻻ ﻱﺃ ،ﺎﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻻ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ّلﺩﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،26
ﺎﻬﻴﻋﺍﺭـﺼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔ
ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺭﹼﺫﺤﻴ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻨ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻌﻓ ،ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻻﻭ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﻀ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﻀﺘ ﻻ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺔﻨﻴﻫﺭ ﻪﹼﻨﻷ ،ﺎﻴﻤﻼﻫ ﺎﻤﻬﻓ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ ﻻ ﺫﺇ ،ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﺎﻁﻴ ﺊﻁﺎﺨ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻭﻔﻁﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻋ ﺭﻴﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺌﺯﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﺩﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺩ
ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ )27
l’univert du discours ﻲﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻠﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ (
ﻲﻜﻴﻜﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ .
ﺃ – ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ :
ﻁﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴ ﺔﻤﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻤ ﻕﺒ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ∗∗
ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻴﻠﻴﻝﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﹼﺨﺩﺘﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻬﹼﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺅﻤﻝﺍ 3
.
166
ﻁﻭﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺒ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺘﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺕﻼﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺢﺘﻔﻨﺘ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺜﺒﻨﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ
ﻭﺭﻔﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺽ
ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ؛28
ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﺭﻤﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ
ﺔﻝﻭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ .
ﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻪـﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺫﺇ ،ﻪﻴﻋﺍﺭﺼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺏﺎﺒ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺫﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘ
ﺎـﻨﻫﺎﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻔﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻻ ﺍﺩﺩﻋ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻁﺒﺜﻴﻭ لﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻐﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ لﹼﺨﺩﺘﻴ -
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤﻻ ﺍﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘ
ﻪﻨﻤ - لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﹼﻜﺤﺘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ .
ﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺘﻝﻭ ﺩﻭـﻌﻨ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﻻ
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ :
-
"
ﺏﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ
"
.29
ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﺘﻴ
"
ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ
"
ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻔـﺼﻝﺍ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
» ﺏﻭـﻠﺤﻝﺍ
« ،
ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﺘﻤ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﺎﻫﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻨﹼﻨﺈﻓ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻲﺘﻷﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤ :
- ﺓﺭﻘﺒﻝﺍ +] : ﻲﺤ [ ، +]
ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺤ [ ، ] - لﻗﺎﻋ [ ، +]
ﻱﺩﺜ [ ، +]
ﻡﺤﻝ [ ، +]
ﻡﺤﺸ [ ، +]
ﻥﻭﻝ [ ، +]
ﻥﺭـﻓﺃ [ ، +]
ﻡـﻅﻋ [ ، +]
ﻡﺩ [ ، +]
ﺩـﻠﺠ [ ،
+]
ﺀﺎﻌﻤﺃ [ ، +]
ﺕﻼﻀﻓ [ ، +]
ﺵﻴﺸﺤ [ ، +]
ﺏﻭﻠﺤ [ ، +]
ﺀﺍﺫﻏ [ ، +]
ﺓﺎﻴﺤ [ ، +]
ﺀﺍﺭﺸ [ ، +]
ﻊﻴﺒ [ ، +]
ﻥﺯﻭ [ ، +]
ﻲﺴﺤ [ ، +]
ﺕﻭـﺼ [ ،
] - ﺔﻐﻝ [ ، ] - ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ [ ، +]
ﺭﺘﺠﻤ [ ، +]
ﺔﻔﻴﻝﺃ [ ، +]
ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤ [
، +]
ﻩﻻﺇ .[
ﺼﺒ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻴ ﺔﻔ
» ﺓﺭـﻘﺒ «
ﻲﻫﻭ ﻩﻼﻋﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ +] :
ﺏﻭﻠﺤ [ ﻻ ﺎـﻬﹼﻨﻷ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،
ﺔﻴـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏـﺼﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻤﻨﺎﻐﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻼﺤﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘ ﺒﺭ ﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﺩـﺼﻤ ﺩـﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻘﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺒﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻬﺒﺸ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻼﺌﺎﻁ ﺎﺤ
ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻔﻠﻝ .
ﺏ - ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ :
ﻩﺭﺎـﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻭﺨﻝﺍ لﺒﻗﻭ ﻻﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻴﺄﺘﺭﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﺭﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ . ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ
(l’univert prototype) ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ
" : ﺭﻭـﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻪﹼﻨﺄﺒ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻨ
ﻻ ﻭﺃ ،ﻡ ﺎﻤﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻀﻗ لﻜ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ -
ﻡ
"
ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻲﻨﻌﻴﻭ ،30
ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻠﻝ ﻪﻠﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﻀﺭﺘﻔﻴ لﻴﺨﺘﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻭﻫ .
ﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻘﺘﺴﺍ لﺒ ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﺴﻝﺍ لﻘﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺜﺩﺤﺘﺴﻤ ﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻌ
ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
"
ﺔﻴﻔـﺴﻠﻓ ﺎﻴﺎـﻀﻗﻭ ﺕﻼﻜـﺸﻹ لـﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺡﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﺒ
ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﻼﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺫﻔﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ :
ﺒﺩﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻑـﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لـﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻑـﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺄﺒ ﺎﻫﺩﻤﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴ
ﺭﻴﻅﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ
"
ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺫﺇ ،31
"
ﻥﺇﻭ ﺓﺩﺩـﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺇ لﺒ ،ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ
ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻀﻓﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ
"
.32
167
ﻥﻤ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻩﺩﺭﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔـﺜﹼﺜﺅﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔـﺌﻠﺘﻤﻤ ﻡﻝﺍﻭـﻋ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻏﺭﺎﻓ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻋ ﻲﻫ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻴﺇ ﻱﺃﺭ ﺩﺭﻭ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺯﺘﺨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻜ
" : ﻙﺎﻨﻫ
ﻱﻭـﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻜ ،ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻏﺭﺎﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺎﺠﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺴﺎﺤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﻝﺍﻭـﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒﻭ ،∗∗∗
» ﺔـﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ «
ﺔﺜﹼﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ
"
ﺎـﻤ ﻲﺌﺎﻜﺤ ﺹﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﹼﺨﺩﺘﻴ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺄﻓ ،ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﹼﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ 33
ﻪﺘﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘﺒ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ ﻩﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻜﺤ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺙﹼﺜﺅﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ لﻭﺤ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻴﻤﺨﺘﻭ
"
ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤ ﻊﹼﻗﻭﺘ
ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ
» ﻥﻜﻤﻤ
«
"
ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻜ ﻲﺌﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ 34
ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ . ﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻨﺒﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﹼﻗﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﹰﻼﺜﻤ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤ لﻭﺤ ﺉﺭ
،
،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻗ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻭ ﻰﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺔﻠﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺒﻭﻁ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻝﺎﺨ لﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻊﹼﻗﻭﺘﻴ - ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤﻨﻴﺴ ﻡﻼﻓﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﻬﺸﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺃﺭﻗ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍ -
ﻭﺃ ،ﺭﻤﺘـﺴﺘﺴ ﻥﻴﻠﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤ ﻥﺃ
ﻥـﻜﻴ ﻡـﻝ ﺉﺭﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﹼﻗﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻜﻝ ،لﺎﻔﻁﺃ ﺏﺎﺠﻨﺇﻭ ﺝﺍﻭﺯ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﺒ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻴﻠﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﺭﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺱﻜﻋ ﺕﺒﺜﻴﻭ ،ﺎﺒﺌﺎﺼ .
لﻭﻘﻴ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،ﻼﻤﺎﻜ ﺎﺼﻨ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻱﺯﺍﻭﻴ ﻻ
" : ﻱﺯﺍﻭـﻴ ﺎﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﻥﺇ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﺎﺼﻨ
» ﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻭﺃ « ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻜﺤﻴ ﺹﻨ لﻜ ﻥﺇ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻻ
"
ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻭﻫ لﺒ ،35
ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯ ،ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻭﺍﺯ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻑﹼﻝﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻑﹼﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘـﺴﺍ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺌﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺼﻨﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﹼﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻓ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯﻭ
ﻲﺠﺫﻭـﻤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻼﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﺴﺘ ،ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻑﺼﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ )
le lecteur model (
،
لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
» ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤﻔﻴﻜ «
ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﻴ ﻲﺠﺫﻭﻤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻠﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻡﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ
،36
ﻭﻫ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺃ
"
ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ
"
ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻴﺸﻴ 37
.
ﹼﺜﺅﻤ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻯﺭﻴ ،ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤﻭ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﺃ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺎﺜ
ﺩـﺠﻭﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺽﺤﻤ ﻲﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻓ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻻ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻠﻴﺨﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﻕﺭﺎﻔﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻤ لﻴﺨﺘﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺃ ﻼﻤﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ؛38
ﻪ
ﻑـﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻊـﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻬﻝ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﺼﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺫﺨﻷﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ لﺒ ،ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ .
ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ
"
ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭـﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﺭﻴﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ
"
،39
ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﺭﹼﻓﻭﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﺎﻴﻠﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺍﺩﻬﺠ
"
ﻪﺒ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﻴ
لﻴﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻋ
"
ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ 40
.
ﻰـﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﺎﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺍﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻁﺎﻘﺴﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺎﻴﻓﺭﺤ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻱﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥ
"
ﻩﺎـﻨﻌﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،41
ﻁﺒﺘﺭـﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﻥﻴﻓﺭﻁ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﻓﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﻕـﹼﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥـﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ لﻴﻴﺨﺘ ﻰﻝ
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻨ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺘﻝﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ :
- "
ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻪﺘﻗﺎﻨﺃ ﻥﺯﺤﻠﻝ
"
.42
168
ﻲﺘﻤﻠﻜ ﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘﺘ :
ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ -
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﺭﻁﻝ ﻥﺎﺘﻼﹼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻫﻭ -
ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ :
ﺤﻝﺍ
ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﻥﺯ
+]
ﺩﺭﺠﻤ [ +]
ﻲﺤ [
+]
ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺇ +] [ لﻗﺎﻋ
[
+]
ﻲﺴﻔﻨ +] [ ﺱﺎﺒﻝ
[
+]
ﺀﺎﻜﺒ [
+]
ﺔﻗﺎﻨﺃ [
ﺔﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﻴ ﻥﻴﺘﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺎﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻜﻝ +]
ﺔﻗﺎﻨﺃ [ ،ﺎـﻘﻴﻨﺃ ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻓ
لـﹼﺜﻤﺘ ﻪـﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺎﻘﻴﻨﺃ ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻋ لﻴﺨﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ
"
ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻠﻝ ﺏﻝﺎﻗ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ
"
لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ لﻴﺨﺘﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،43
ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻘﻴﻨﺃ ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ
"
ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ لﹼﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ّلﻜ
"
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘـﺴﻼﻝ ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﻴ 44
ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﻴﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻱﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ
.
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﻴ
" : ﺔﻨﺒﺍ ﻸﻝ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴ
"
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺯﻻ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ لﻴﻴﺨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ 45
ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ +] :
ﺔﻨﺒﺍ [ ﻲﺘﻷﺎﻜ :
ﻱﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍ
ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ
+]
لﺎﻴﺨ +] [ لﻘﻋ
+] [ لﺎﻴﺨ
[
+]
ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺇ +] [ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺤ
[
+]
ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺇ [
+]
ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ [
+]
ﺏﺃ [
+]
ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ [
+]
ﺔﻨﺒﺍ + ] [ ﺔﻨﺒﺍ
[
لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﺩﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴ ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﺭﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻ
ﻲﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﻏﺇ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒﺒ ،ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ ،∗∗∗∗
.46
ﻥﻴﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﻭﻼﻋ
» ﻥﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ «
ﺏﺠﻴ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﺱﻤﺨ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻊﻀﻴ ﺇ
ﺩﺼﻗ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺘ
ﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ل
:47
- ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﹼﻻﺇ لﻴﺜﻤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻁﺭﺸ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻨﻌﻤﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺃ لﻴﺜﻤﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ
ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﺏﺴﺤ
ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ لﻭﺃ لﹼﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺹﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ
.
- ﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺔ
» ﺽﺭﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﻌﻀﻭﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ «
ﺕﺎﻤﻨﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻴ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺎﻤﻨﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻪﻝ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺎﺤﺸﺭﻤ ﻡﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻝ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻜﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ،ﻡﻨﻌﻤ .
- ﻲﻘﺘﻠﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻓﺭﻭﻓ ﺓﺭﺠﺸ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﹼﻜﺭﻨﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻨﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ
ﺓﺭﺠﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻘﻋ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻀﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺍﻭﺯﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ .
169
- ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﻝ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﻘﻋ
ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ لﻤﺘﺤﻤ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ،ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﻨ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻓﺭﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺠﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ .
- ﺎﻬﺒ ﻱﺭﺜﻨ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺩﺤﻨ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻀﺭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻹﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ
ﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺤﻻ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓ
.
ﻝﺍ ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬ :
-1
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴ ،ﻲﺴﻴﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺸﺭ )
ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ (
ﻁ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ،1
ﺹ ،2000 . .44
-2
،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ
: ﻁ ،ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻌﻤﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،1
،2005 ﺹ . .234
-3
ﻨﻴ ﺭﻅ : ﻡ . ﺹ ،ﻥ . .235
-4
ﻡ . ﺹ ،ﻥ . .233
-5
ﻡ . ﺹ ،ﻥ . .235
-6
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻡ . ﻥ ﺹ ، . ﺹ . -235 .236
-∗
ﺔﻤﺴﻝﺍ : ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺇ لﺒ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻪﺘﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺘﻨﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻲﻫ
ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﺘﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ .
ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻓ ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝ ﺎﻨﺭﻭﺼﺘﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺃ ،
ﻲﺴﻨﺠ ) Genérique (
ﺔﻤﺴﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﻁ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﻻ +/
ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺇ / ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﺹﺎﺨ ) spécifique (
ﺔﻤﺴﻝﺎﻜ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻭﻘﻴ +/
ﺭﻜﺫ /
ﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤ
+/
ﻰﺜﻨﺃ / ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ؛ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻲﻝﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺴﻷﺍﻭ لﺠﺭﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻠﻝ ﻱﺩﻴﺩﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﻴ ،ﻡﺯﻼﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺠﺭﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺜﻭﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻀﺭﻋ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤ ﻩﺩﺩﺤﺘ
ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ .
-7
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴ ،ﻲﺴﻴﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺸﺭ )
ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ (
ﺹ ، . .45
-8
ﻁ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫ ،ﻲﻤﻨﺎﻐﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻼﺤﺃ ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،23
ﺹ ،2008 . .364
-9
ﺏﻼﻁﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻫ ﻥﺒ ﻲﻠﻋ )
ﻲﺒﺭﻋ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ .
ﻲﺴﺭﺩﻤ . ﻲﺌﺎﺒ ﻑﻝﺃ ( ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ، : ﺔﻴﺴﻨﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺩﻌﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ
ﻁ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ،5
ﺹ ،1948 . ﺹ . -591 .592
-10
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴ ،ﻲﺴﻴﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺸﺭ )
ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ (
ﺹ ، . .46
-11
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ )
ﺌﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻀﺎﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ
( ، ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ : ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻴﺯ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻥﺍﻭﻁﻨﺃ
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻁ ، ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ،1 ،1996
ﺹ . .199
-12
ﺹ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫ ،ﻲﻤﻨﺎﻐﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻼﺤﺃ .
.302
-13
ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ )
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻀﺎﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ (
ﺹ ، . .199
-14
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻭﻜﻴﺇ ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻤﺃ ﺹ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠ
. .297
-15
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻡ . ﺹ ،ﻥ . ﺹ . -300 .301
-16
ﻡ . ﻥ ﺹ ، . .237
-17
ﻡ . ﺹ ،ﻥ . .264
-18
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻜﻭﺃ ﺭﻤﻋ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺃ
،2000 ﺹ . .132
-19
،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺎﻴﺤﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺴﻨﻭﺠ ﻙﺭﺎﻤ ،ﻑﻭﻜﻴﻻ ﺝﺭﻭﺠ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ
: ﻁ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ لﺎﻘﺒﻭﺘ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻔﺤﺠ ﺩﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،1
ﻁﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ
،2000 ﺹ . .21
-20
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺒ ،ﻡﻴﻠﺴ ﻪﻝﻹﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ )
ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ (
، ﻁ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ لﺎﻘﺒﻭﺘ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻁﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ،1
،2001 ﺹ . .57
