Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique
Ecole Normale Supérieure Vieux Kouba (Alger)
departement de physique
ا ا و ا ا ةرازو
ة ﺕ ا ر ا
ی ا ا
) ا ا (
ء ی " ا #$
% & ا ا ذ أ ةد *+ , - ج /ﺕ ة آ ﻡ
ﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻝﺎ
:
ﺭﻴﺨﻠﺒ ﻑﺍﻭﺴ ﻥﺒ • ﺩﻴﻌﺴﻝﺍﺭﺩﻴﻭﻗ ﻥﺒ • ﻥﻴﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﺕﺤﺘ
:
ﻲﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻠﺴ • ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﺼﻭﺒ •
2$ - ا -
ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ • : ﻲﻗﺯﺭ ﺕﺴﻴﺭﺩﺘ ...
. ..
. ...
ﺎﺴﻴﺌﺭ
ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ • : ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﻁﺎﻴﺨ ...
...
ﺎﻨﺤﺘﻤﻤ
ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ • : ﻲﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻠﺴ ...
...
ﺎﻓﺭﺸﻤ
ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ • : ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﺼﻭﺒ ...
ﺎﻓﺭﺸﻤ
نا&ﺝ 5د 2010
ﻥﺍﻭــــــﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡـﻗﺭ
ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ
ﻤﺩﻘﻤ ـ ﺔ 01 ﺔﻤﺎﻋ
::::
-Ι (1 ﺕﻼﺼﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ 03
-Ι (2 ﺔﻴﻘﻨﻝﺍ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ 03
- لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃﻭ لﺯﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ 03
-Ι ( ﺔﻴﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ 05
-Ι -3 (1 ﺏﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ 05
-Ι -3 (2 ﺏﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ 06
-Ι ( لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ 07
- ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ : 07
(1 ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ 07
(2 ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ )
ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ) (
(p-n 08
(3 ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﺴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ 10
(4 ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻨﺤﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ 10 p-n
(5 ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺭﻬﻜﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ 11 p-n
(6 ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺏﺎﻁﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻬﺠ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺩﻨﻋ p-n
12
* ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ 13
* ﻲﺴﻜﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ 13
ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ( ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ
14
::::
! "#$% " &
! "#$% " &
! "#$% " &
! "#$% " &
ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺔﺤﻤﻝ 16
-ΙΙ (1 ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ
ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ
17
-ΙΙ (2 ﻭ
ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ
ﻑﺌﺎﻅ 18-ΙΙ (3 ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ 19
-ΙΙ (4 ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ 20
-ΙΙ (5 ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ 22
-ΙΙ (6 ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ 23
-ΙΙ -6 (1 ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘ )
(BJT
23
-ΙΙ -6 -1 (1 ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ 23
- ﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝ
) (npn
23
- ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ )
(pnp
23
-ΙΙ -6 -1 (2 ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘ لﻤﻋ 27
-ΙΙ -6 (2 ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﺃ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘ )
(UJT 29
-ΙΙ -6 (3 لﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ )
(FET 30
-ΙΙ -6 -3 (1 ﻪــﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ 31
- ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺫ لﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ )
(JFET 31
- ﺔﻠﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺫ لﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ )
(JFET 34
- ﻲﻨﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺴﻜﻷﺍ ﻭﺫ لﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ
) MOSFET
37 (
(أ ﻥﺴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ Enhancement
37
- ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ 38
ﺏ ( ﻲﻓﺍﺯﻨﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ )
(Déplétion 38
- ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ 38
-ΙΙ -6 -3 (2 لﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ 39
-ΙΙ -6 -3 (3 لﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ 39
-ΙΙ -6 -3 (4 ﻲـﻓ لـﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄـﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻠﻝ لﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ
ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ 40
-ΙΙ -6 (4 ﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘ 42 IGBT
-ΙΙ ( ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻠﻝ لﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻭ ﺔﻨﻜﺎﺴﻝﺍ
44
-ΙΙ (8 ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘ ﺏﺎﻁﻘﺘﺴﺍ 50
' ' ' :::: '
! ( )*
! ( )*
! ( )*
! ( )*
ﺽﻭﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻹ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ 59
-ΙΙΙ (1 ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝ لﻤﺎﺸ ﻑﺼﻭ 59
-ΙΙΙ (2 لﻴﺩﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ )
ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻤ ( 60
-ΙΙΙ (3 ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ﻑﻋﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺍﺯﻬﻝﺍ 62
-ΙΙΙ (4 ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ﻡﺨﻀﻤﻝﺍ 67
-ΙΙΙ (5 ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍ 71
-ΙΙΙ (6 ﺏﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ 74
ﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﺘﺎﺨ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ
77
ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ
ـــــ :
ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝ ﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻰﺘﺤ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻌﻴﺭﺴ ﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺩﻬﺸ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺍﺫ ﻪﻠﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ
لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻨﻋ ﺕﻠﻬﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ .
ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍﻭ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ
ﻡﺎﻋ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ،لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻻﺇ ﻕﺌﺎـﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺎﺒ ﻅﺤﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ
ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﺍﺯﺎﻤﻭ
ﺩﻴﻌـﺼ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺇ ﻥﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺎﻴﺭﺎﺠ
ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻤﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻉﺍﺭـﺘﺨﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘﻭ .
ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺎﻤﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ
ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻨﻴﺄﺘﺭﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﺎﻨﺘﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ
"
ﻪﺘﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
"،
ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺔـﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺎـﻨﻤ ﺍﺭﺎﻌﺸـﺘﺴﺍﻭ
، ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﺴ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ،لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ
لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼـﻔﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ
ﻡﺜ ،لﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻨ
ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﺎـﺜﻝﺍ لﺼـﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔـﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺭﻭﺘﺴ ﺹﺍﻭـﺨﻝﺍ ﻡـﺜ ﻪـﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﺎـﻬﻨﻤ ﻊﻨﺼﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻨ
ﻪﻝ ﺔﻨﻜﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻓ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،
ﻭﻜﻴ ﻥ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺘﺴ
ﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ
ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﺽﻭﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻹ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ .
