Taslevt tasentalant n wungal « Inig aneggaru » n Brahim Taza$art.

2012/2013

TIGDUDA TAZZAYRIT TAMAGDAYT TA£ERFANT A£LIF N ULMUD UNNIG D UNADI USSNAN TASEDDAWIT AKLI MUËEND U LËAO -TUBIRET-

AGEZDU N TUTLAYT D YIDLES AMAZI£ Agezdu n tutlayt d yidles amazi$ Agezdu n tutlayt d yidles amazi$Agezdu n tutlayt d yidles amazi$ Agezdu n tutlayt d yidles amazi$

(LISUNS L.M.D)

ASENTEL

S$ur tnelmadin:

S lmendad:

Djouher OUHAMMOU Djedjiga Medjadi. Saloua AMZAL

Djamila MEZOUANI

Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

Asenmer

Di tazwara, ad d-nini tanemmirt tameqqrant i Massa Medjadi i

d-yellan ilmend n umhil-a, i a$-iwelhen si tazwara armi d tagara, tefka-a$ tab$est iwakken ad nelêu deg umahil-nne$.

- Mass A

ε

mer L

ε

ufi i a$-yefkan afus n lem

ε

awna.

- Tanemmirt tameqqrant i yimawlan-nne$ d yimeddukal-nne$,

yal yiwen s yisem-is.

Abuddu

Di tazwara ad budde$ amahil-a i baba Tayeb d yemma

Faîima I yellan yid-i d wultma Yamina, d watmaten-iw Sa

ε

id,

Lewnis d Muêend Ulêao (Ad as-ye

ε

fu Rebbi), mebla ma ttu$ xalti

Ëoila d warra-is yal yiwen s yisem-is, i yellan $er yidis-iw. D

xalti Jeooiga d setti Yamina (Ad asent-ye

ε

fu Rebbi).

Arnu $er waya, timeddukal-iw n tasa Oimi d Sisa, i êemle$

am yessetma, i ttafe$ ar yidis-iw di lferê ne$ di lqerê.

Abuddu

Ad budde

$ amahil-a i $ef i na

ε

tabe$ aîas, i baba Bu

ε

lam d

yemma Nura

ε

zizen fell-i d watmaten-iw Ëalim,

Σ

li, Samir,

Mehdi d yessetma Sunya, Wisam, wafa.

Mebla ma ttu$ lejdud-iw Favma, Zahra d S

ε

id, arnu $er wigi

xwali yal yiwen s yisem-is alad$a xalti Ëurya d wargaz-is Oamal

d la

ε

mumu-iw.

S yin ad d-u$ale$ $er ta

ε

zizin-iw Ouou d Oimi i ssarame$ ad

tt-tdum tdukli-nne$ armi d tagara.

Abuddu

Di tazwara ad budde$ amahil-a i baba Belqasem d yemma

Wardya

ε

zizen fell-i d weltma Karima d watmaten-iw Meéyan,

Sa

ε

id, Racid abe

ε

da Ëcen i d-ufa$ $er yidis-iw si teméi-iw.

Mebla ma ttu$ weltma Faîima d urgaz-is d umecîuê-nsen Sami.

D

ε

emti

Σ

didi d warraw-is yal wa s yisem-is.

D yessetma Ouou d Sisa i wumi ara ini$ tanmirt imi d-kecment

$er tudert-iw.

Djamila MEZOUANI

6

A$awas

A$awas………06

Tazwert tamatut………10

Ixef Amezwaru : Awal $ef wungal Tazwert ………..………...…..15

1. Ungal ……….……….…..…..16

1.1. Ungal $ur Muêend Akli Salêi ….………...16

1.2. Ungal $ur Aêmed Bucixi………..………....16

2. Talalit d unerni n wungal aqbayli………..16

3. Tabadut n usentel d teslevt tasentalant………..17

3.1.Tibadutin n usentel……..……….….17

3.1.1. Asentel $ur Jean Pierre Richard……….……...17

3.1.2. Asentel $ur Bunfur………...………..…….……..18

3.1.3. Asentel deg umawal « Le dictionnaire du littéraire »…………..…18

3.2. Taslevt tasentalant deg umawal «Le dictionnaire du littéraire »……18

4. Adeg…………..………...…………..………...18

5. Iwudam………...………19

5.1. Tazamulit n yiwudam deg wungal………...………20

Tagrayt………...…21

Ixef wis sin : Awal $ef uùmaru Tazwert………..………23

1.Awal $ef Brahim Taza$art………...24

1.1.Tudert-is d wayen yura………...………..……24

2. Awal $ef ungal “Inig aneggaru”...25

3. Agzul n wungal………...………….……...26

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Ixef wis krav : Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

Tazwert………...………30

1. Taslevt n wungal.………..………31

1.1.Seg tama n tal$a.…….………..…...…31

1.1.1. Tugna………...……….……….31 1.1.2.Azwel……….……….31 2.Taslevt n ugbur…….……….………33 2.1.Tutlayt………..……….……33 2.2.Iwudam………...……….………..…………33 2.3.Adeg……….……….35

3.Taslevt n yisental n wungal…………....…………..………....…35

3.1. Asentel agejdan ……….………..………....35

3.1.1.Tabadut n tayri $ur AT MENGELLET ………….………..35

3.1.2.Tabadut n tayri $ur Ëemdan……….35

4. Adeg n tayri deg tmetti taqbaylit……….………….……..……36

5. Adeg n tayri deg wungal aqbayli………36

6. Asentel n tayri deg ungal “Inig aneggaru”……….…..………37

7. Isental inaddayen……….…39

7.1.Imrabven………...….39

7.2.Iεraben……...………40

7.3.Tidet……….…...40

8.Tulmisin timuta n Brahim TAZA£ART………..………42

8.1.Tutlayt…………...………42

8.2.A$anib……….……….……..42

8.3.Adiwenni………...43

8.4.Akud…..………..…………..43

8.4.1.Akud amazray………...43

8 8.6.Adellel……….…..45 Tagrayt……….………...………...46 Tagrayt tamatut………….……….………....……...48 Amawal………..51 Ti$bula………53

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Tazwert tamatut

Tasekla d tigejdit n yal ta$arma, d nettat i d lemri n tmetti, ulac tamurt deg umaval ur as-nefki ara azal, s yis-s i nezmer ad nessemgired gar tulmisin-nni i imeyzen timetti $ef tayev, seg yal tama, ama d idles, ama d ansayen ne$ di laεwayed n tjaddit-nni i $ef tbedd. Yis-s i yettzuxu yal agdud. Ma nnuda $ef unamek n tsekla ad t-naf d awal i d-yekkan seg tlatinit Litteratura i d-yefrurin seg Littera, i d-ibanen deg tazwara n lqern wis εecrin, yesεan anamek n T$awsa yettwarun, yu$al yennerna unamek-is $er Agraw n yedlisen yellan s tira ne$ s timawit.

Tasekla tazzayrit d tasekla i yettekkin di tsekla n tmaz$a. Ugtent deg-s tutlayin; am tefrandeg-sideg-st, taεrabt d tmazi$t. Ad naf ddeqdeg-s n yimura i d-yeooan ismawen nsen deg umaval aseklan. Gar-asen Yasin KATEB i yuran Nedjma d wayen yura Mulud FERΣUN, Mulud MΣEMRI, Mufdi Zakarya, Frantz FANON, Jean ΣAMRUC, Assia OEBBAR, …

Tasekla tamazi$t tefruri-d deg yirebbi n timawit si leqrun yezrin, tedder s cfawat n lejdud i yettêaraben fell-as, xas akken ur tt-terfid ara tira, maεna ugtent deg-s tewsatin am tsekliwin n yi$erfan nniven. Llant tid n tmedyazt am umεezber d tmedyazt n tyemmat, … atg. Llant tid n tesrit am tmucuha, timseεraq, tiqnaé, … snat n tewsatin-agi îfent adeg d alqayan di tmetti, yis-sent i tedder tsekla tamazi$t, d ti$ri n wugdud s lekmal-is. Seg unekcum arumi $er tmurt n Lzzayer, i tebda tsekla tamazi$t tettwaru. Tebda $ef ufus n Aεmer BULIFA i yuran $ef tjerrumt taqbaylit d isefra, Adolphe HANOTEAU i yuran $ef tjerrumt taqbaylit d tergit, arnu $ur-sen ayen i d-leqven imrabven irumyen d tasekla.

Akken i d-nenna, tasekla tamazi$t tedda s ubrid n timawit, d acu kan timawit ur as-tefki ara tawil ilaqen iwakken ad teêrez agerruj-is, am

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wakken i as-tefka tira, s tira ara yesseêbiber ugdud amazi$ $ef iéuran-is, yis-s ara yeêrez da$en tasekla-is timawit ama d tamedyazt ama d tasrit.

Seg yiseggasen n tmanyin tban-d s wudem ubriz ayen i wumi nsemma tasekla tatrart (New Litterature akken i as-isemma Salem Caker), deg-s ugtent tewsatin, ama d tullist ama d amezgun ama d ungal. Ungal ad t-naf d adlis yettwarun s yimeslayen d yinumak lqayen. D netta i yellin tiwwura i tsekla tamazi$t tamirant deg ubrid n tira, xas ma yella aéar n tlalit n tsekla-agi tamirant yettu$al $er yiseggasen n rebεin ideg ara d-naf ungal amezwaru yura-t Belεid AT ΣLI, isemma-as Lwali n udrar. Itbeε-it-id Racid ΣELLIC s Asfel di 1981. Yerna-d fell-asen Saεid SAΣDI s Askuti di 1983. Deg yiseggasen n tesεin, yura Σmer MEZDAD Iv d wass. S yin d afella, yal aseggas yettnerni wuîun n wungalen i d-yettef$en, d yixxamen n usezreg i d-yettlalen lad$a di tmurt n Lzzayer.

Ma nkemmel awal-nne$ $ef usufe$ n wungalen, ad d-naf aîas i ikemlen abrid-a n tira, acku imura sbegnen-d tizemmar-nsen deg unnar-a, seg-sen Σmer MEZDAD s Tegrest ur$u deg yiseggasen n 2000, yerna-d Brahim TAZA£ART Salas d Nuoa deg 2004. Ma yella deg useggas n 2006 yeffe$-d Ass-nni $ef ufus n Σmer MEZDAD, tettbeε-it-id Linda KUDAC i d-yessuf$en Aεecciw n tmes deg 2009 i yellan d ungal amezwaru i

yettwarun seg ufus n tmeîîut taqbaylit, ma deg yiseggasen-a ineggura yerna-d Brahim TAZA£ART ungal iwumi isemma “Inig Aneggau”, i d-yef$en di unber 2012.

Ungal aqbayli ur d-iban ara akken iwata, almi d lqern wis εecrin, ay-agi s sebba n liêala i tettidir tmetti tazzayrit lad$a taqbaylit, ama si tama n tdamsa, tasertit d tamagit, … atg. Maca si tefsut n yimazi$en d asawen tessawev tewsit-agi ad tiwsiε, tasekla tamazi$t ad tennerni ad tesεu azal, imi ugten yime$riyen, ixxamen n usezreg, ugten imura d wungalen.

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Ungal aqbayli am wungalen n tsekla tigra$laniyin nniven, ula d netta yettwabna $ef waîas n yisental i d-yettu$alen seg umaru $er wayev. Gar yisental igejdanen i d-yettu$alen deg ungal aqbayli ad d-nebder asentel n tsertit deg ungalen n Salem ZINYA Tafrara d I$il d wufru, d temsal n tmagit deg ungal Askuti n Saεid SAΣDI, d win n Racid ΣELLIC Fafa d Yugar ucerrig tafawet, … atg. Arnu $er waya, wid d-yettawin $ef tegrawla n 1954, gar-asen Iv d was n Σmer MEZDAD d Tafrara d Askuti, melba ma nettu ayen yerzan timetti, ama d leεwayed d wansayen, ama d lêif, laé, laεra, … ad naf da$en deg ungalen-nni i d-nebder yakan n Σmer MEZDAD Iv d wass, Tagrest ur$u d Ass-nni afrayen d tayri yezdin Meéyan d Ïawes deg ungal Iv d wass ne$ deg ungal Tafrara yezdin Yidir d Σeloiya, akked Muêend d Jeooiga deg ungal Yugar ucerrig tafawet d Salas d Nuoa n Brahim TAZA£ART d wungal-is Inig aneggaru i d-yef$en di unber 2012 i nefren iwakken ad neεrev ad nexdem fell-as amahil-nne$ yerzan taslevt tasentalant.

Ma nger tamawt $er yisental i d-ttawin, tuget n yimura deg ungalen nsen maççi yiwen. Wa yekcem wa, wa yisemmaday wayev, d acu kan llan seg-sen wid i d-yufraren ne$ i d-ibanen d igejdanen sdat n wiyav i wumi nsemma inaddayen. Ayen i nwala, xas akken imura fkan afud nsen i tira n wungal xtaren-asen isental iwakken ad ddun di leb$i n yime$riyen. Tizrawin i lmend nsen drus mavi, deg wannar n tezrawin i yettwaxedmen yakan $ef wungal, $ef waya i nextar taslevt tasentalant i wungal i yura umaru Brahim TAZA£ART i nextar di tkatut-nne$ acku nwala asentel-agi ur ugtent ara tezrawin fell-as. D umaru i a$-ijebden acku yettekki $er tallit-a ttallit-amirtallit-ant seg-s tallit-ad neεrev tallit-ad néer ttallit-arrtallit-ayt i yevfer mtallit-a yelltallit-a d tallit-amtallit-aynut. Da$en ad néer d acu-ten yisental i d-yewwi deg ungal-is ? D acu i d amaynut i d-yewwi deg ungal-is i usiwev n yisental-agi ?

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Tezmer ad tili tmu$li n Brahim TAZA£ART $ef usentel i d-yewwi d tamaynut, yessawev-d s tidet ayen ttidiren yimezda$ di tmetti taqbaylit, ne$ ahat yezmer ad tili tamu$li-is $er usentel-a am tin n tmetti. Ay-agi d ayen ara néer deg unadi-nne$.

Amahil-nne$ yebva $ef krav n yixfawen; ixef amenzu, ad neεrev ad d-nawi awal $ef ungal aqbayli, talalit-is d unerni-is. Ad neεrev ad d-nefk kra n tbadutin i yettunefken i usentel s umata, i wakud, iwudam d wadeg deg ungal.

Deg yixef wis-sin, ad d-nemmeslay $ef umaru Brahim TAZA£ART, tudert-is d umecwar-is aseklan. Ad d-nefk da$en agzul n ungal Inig aneggaru.

Deg yixef wis krav, ad neεrev ad as-nexdem taslevt tasentalant i wungal Inig aneggaru.

Ixef amezwaru Awal $ef wungal

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Tazwert

Am wakken i d-nenna yakan di tezwert tamatut, ad neεrev ad nexdem taslevt tasentalant i wungal n Brahim TAZA£ART. D acu kan uqbel ad nebdu taslevt tasentalant, yessefk fell-a$ ad d-nawi awal $ef wungal aqbayli, syin ad d-nebder kra n tbadutin i fkan inagmayen i usentel; taslevt tasentalant, ungal, iwudam d wadeg.

Ixef amezwaru Awal $ef wungal

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1- Ungal

Ungal d yiwet n tewsit si tewsatin n tesrit, deg-s yettaf umaru iman-is, iwakken ad d-yemmeslay $ef t$awsiwin i t-ice$ben d wayen ice$ben timetti. Ad narnu ad d-nebder tibadutin i as-fkan inagmayen Muêend Akli Salêi d Aêmed Bucixi.

1-1 Ungal $ur Muêend Akli Salêi

“ D tawsit n tsekla, ur yeεdil ara netta d tullist. Ungal d avris $ezzifen, maççi am tullist. Tin $er-s tuquten deg-s iwudam, yerna tasiwelt-is tecbek nnig n tin n tullist.”1

1-2 Ungal $ur Aêmed Bucixi

Aêmed Bucixi yewwi-d awal $ef ungal, yefka-as tabadut yenna-d belli nettaf uguren deg usefhem n wawal-a acku maççi d yiwet i yellan deg-s. Ungal d tasugnant yettwarun s tesrit. Tullist tettkel $ef tullizt d udiwenni. Nezmer ad naf aîas n tewsatin n wungal; ungal amazray, ungal amsaltu, … atg.

Ungal ye$mer urti n tsekla, lad$a tagara-a, xas akken di tazwara, yufa uguren akken ad yaf amkan-is gar tewsatin nniven.

2- Talalit d unerni u wungal aqbayli

Ungal aqbayli, d ayen kan d-ibanen di tallit-a tamirant, yettwaru s tutlayt yellan zik, tettwassen kan d timawit. Tira n wungal yessebgen-d udem n uεeddi n timawit $er tira. Yebda-d wungal aqbayli $ef ufus n Belεid AT ΣLI. Deg yiseggasen n 40, Belεid AT ΣLI ssutren-as yimrabven n yirumyen (Père Dugezelle) ad yaru s tmazi$t. Di tazwara ur yumin ara belli

1

Ixef amezwaru Awal $ef wungal

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yezmer ad yaru s tutlayt-is maca mi yeεrev yufa lbenna deg wayen. Ayen akk yura yu$al itteffe$-d d iêricen di FDB2. Syin akkin yeffe$-d udlis « les cahiers de Belaid ou la Kabylie d’antan » di 64.

Syin akin yerna-d Racid ΣELLIC “Asfel” di 1981, Saεid SAΣDI s “Askuti” di 1983, Σmer MEZDAD “Iv d wass” deg yiseggasen n 90.

Yal aseggas yettnarni wuîun n wungalen i d-yettef$en, seg-sen Σmer MEZDAD s “Tegrest ur$u” deg yiseggasen n 2000, yarna-d Brahim TAZA£ART s “Salas d Nuoa” deg 2004. Ma yella deg useggas n 2006 yeffe$-d “Ass-nni” $ef ufus n Σmer MEZDAD, tettbeε-it-id Linda KUDAC i d-yessuf$en Aεecciw n tmes deg 2009 i yellan d ungal amezwaru i

yettwarun seg ufus n tmeîîut taqbaylit, ma deg iseggasen-a ineggura ad d-naf Brahim TAZA£ART s wungal Inig Aneggau, i d-yef$en di unber 2012.

3- Tabadut n usentel d teslevt tasentalant

3-1- Tibadutin n usentel

Asentel agejdan yesεa azal d ameqqran deg usebgen n leb$i n umaru, d wayen u$ur yeb$a ad a$-yessiwev. Ma d isental inaddayen d nutni i yettεawanen amaru ad yesnerni tiktiwin-is. Awal-a i d-newwi si lettkal n tezrawin n Jean Pierre Richard akked Bounfour, d umawal “Le dictionnaire du littéraire”.

3-1-1 Asentel $ur Jean Pierre Richard

Yemmeslay-d Jean Pierre Richard $ef usentel yenna-d belli d awal-nni i itenven, yettεawad-d deg uvris. Ttilin isental igejdanen, ttilin isental inaddayen. Isental igejdanen i d-yeskanen tafekka n uvris, amek i myevfarent tiktiwin.

2

Ixef amezwaru Awal $ef wungal

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3-1-2

Asentel $ur Bunfur

Yemmeslay-d Bunfur $ef usentel yenna-d belli asentel am wammud n tmusniwin $ef wayen i d-yettmeslay uvris.

3-1-3 Asentel deg umawal “Le dictionnaire du littéraire”

D tikti ara tvefrev akken ad tesnarniv axeddim-ik amedya ; ungal.

3-2- Taslevt tasentalant deg umawal “Le dictionnaire du

littéraire”

Taslevt d beîîu n umahil $ef yeêricen i $ef yettwabna, d unekcum s telqayt deg usentel-is. Taslevt d asufe$ n wayen akk yellan d agejdan ne$ d anadday iwakken ad neεrev ad nefhem d acu yeb$a ad a$-d-yini uvris ne$ udlis i $ef ara nexdem taslevt.

Am akken i d-yettwabder deg umawal Le dictionnaire du littéraire d tazrewt yettwaxedmen akken ad d-nessefhem tuget n yeêricen yellan.

Ihi taslevt tasentalant d asebgen n wamud n isental yettilin deg udlis. D ayen i a$-yessawaven ad nefhem, ad nessebgen ayen $ef acu i d-yettmeslay udlis ne$ uvris, ... atg.

4- Adeg

Yesεa azal d ameqqran deg ungal seg-s i d-yeslalay unaggal aîas n lemεani, amkan deg ungal yettili-d d uêbis (daxel n uxxam, … ) amkan yettiwsiε, deg-s i d-yettban anda i tevra teêkayt d wanda i ttidiren yiwudam akken i d-yenna Muêend Akli SALËI : “ D adeg i d-yemmalen anda tverru tigawt. D netta da$en i d-yeskanen, deg waîas n tegnatin, amek i iga uwadem. Yettili-d wannect-agi s uglam n wadeg (ismawen d lewûayef n yimukan) anda tverru teêkayt. Ma deg wungal, yesεa wadeg azal d

Ixef amezwaru Awal $ef wungal

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ameqqran. Yettban-d wazal-agi (deg wungal ne$ deg tewsit n tsiwelt nniven) deg krav n temsal-agi : anda tverru teêkayt ? Amek i d-yettunefk wadeg di teêkayt ? Acimi i yefren umaru ad d-yebnu adeg, deg wungal-is, akken i t-iyefka (maççi akken niven) ? Tiririyin $ef isteqsiyen-agi, ad d-welhen $ef tuddsa d tesnekta n teêkayt akken ad d-slalent assa$en i izemren ad ilin gar uvris n tsiwelt akk d tilawt.”3 Adeg ihi yesεa assa$ d yinevruyen d tilawt i ttidiren yimezda$ n tmetti taqbaylit. Amaru yettextiri adeg n teêkayt iwakken ad yessenerni deg-s inevruyen d yisental deg ungal-is.

5- Iwudam

D nutni i d lsas n wungal, fell-asen i ibennu umaru inevruyen-is, aîas n yinagmayen i d-yewwin awal $ef iwudam deg ungal (Vladimir PROPP, GREIMAS, BRIMOND, Tezvetan TODOROV, Philipe HANON, Gerrard GENETT, Mohand Akli SALËI). Gar wayen i d-nnan ad d-nefhem awal n Todorov belli awadem deg ungal yecba lêila i far$en, yeççur-it umaru s waîas n t$awsiwin. Yettemxallaf unamek n yiwudam seg ungal $er wayev, deg ungal n tmetti, iwudam cban imdanen n tudert n yal ass deg kra n wungalen nniven, iwudam d ayen i d-yexleq walla$ n umaru ne$ ayen iwumi isemma Roland BARTHES iwudam n lka$ev, deg yal ungal iwudam bvan d leûnaf : iwudam igejdanen i deg d-yettili wassav. Iwudam inaddayen i yettemxallafen seg ungal $er wayev ne$ deg ungal s timmad-is, imi ad d-naf sin n leûnaf gar-asen: iwudam yemden, iwudam yesnernayen.

3

Ixef amezwaru Awal $ef wungal

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5-1- Tazamulit n yiwudam deg ungal

Yettextiri umaru ismawen i yettmuddu i yiwudam deg wungal, ismawen-agi i d-yeslalen aîas n lemεani d yinumak i yeb$a ad ten-id-yessawev d izen. Yenna-d Philipe HANON belli ismawen deg ungal sεan azal ifern-iten-id umaru s lmeqsud n wayen yeb$a ad t-id-yessawev d izen.

Deg ungal amazi$ ad d-naf tamsalt-agi, tettban-d s wudem ubriz, imi inaggalen yuran ungal amazi$ ula d nutni ttextirin s ttbut ismawen n yiwudam-nsen ad d-nebder Aεmer MEZDAD, Salem ZINYA, Racid ΣELLIC, Brahim TAZA£ART, Saεid SAΣDI, fkan lwelha-nsen $er wufran n yismawen di yal ungal i d-ttarun.

Ixef amezwaru Awal $ef wungal

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Tagrayt

Am wakken i d-nufa di tbadutin-nni iεeddan, taslevt tasentalant n wungal d beîîu-is d iêricen akken ad nessufe$ ayen yellan d agejdan d wayen yellan d anadday, i ara a$-yeooen ad nefhem ayen i $ef d-yettmeslay wungal.

Ixef wis-sin Awal $ef umaru d usisen n wungal

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Tazwert

Deg yixef-a ad d-nawi awal $ef umaru Brahim Taza$art, $ef tudert-is d umecwar-is aseklan. Deg-s ad neεrev ad d-nessisen ungal Inig aneggaru, da$en ad d-nefk agzul-is.

Ixef wis-sin Awal $ef umaru d usisen n wungal

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1- Awal $ef Brahim Taza$art

1-1 Tudert-is d wayen yura

Ilul ass n 15 yebrir 1966, di Bgayet. Aswir-is amenzu d ulemmas n unelmud iga-t deg Tezmalt, ma yella d tasnawit deg Uqbu Debbiê Crif, anda yella uselmed urmid deg umussu amazi$. Deg useggas n 1987 yexdem deg wammas n usile$ adeblan am wakken i yettili deg usufe$ n tes$unt i yettwarun s krav n tutlayin Rivages i d-yettwaszergen s-$ur tidukla n uxxam n yidles n Tezmalt, sakin yekcem $er yiwet n terbaεt n umezgun Tarwa n ûûumam.

Ma yella deg useggas n 1989 yella d aselway n umeskired n temsizzelt n tmedyazt n tmazi$t, deg useggas n 1990 yekcem $er tesmilt ta$elnawt n MCB. Deg 20 yebrir ihegga-d netta d yimeddukal-is tamegra maca ur d-teffi$ ara akken b$an, ayen i ten-yeooan ad d-heggin tame$ra nniven s yiwet n tdukla i wumi semman Tazarayt n Tezmalt.

Deg useggas n 1991, yexdem d adamsan deg tesnawit n tmeérit. Deg useggas n 1994, d aselway $ef unagraw n tesmilin ti$elnawin n MCB1, anda i qeεden rray-nsen ad yili uneêbus $ef leqraya. Deg useggas n 1997 TAZA£ART yeffe$-d seg tesnawit n tmeérit. Deg useggas n 1998 yessufe$-d amagrad deg u$mis n Le Matin, azwel-is « MCB à l’épreuve de l’élection présidentielle » anda i d-yenna tamazi$t d tutlayt ta$elnawt tunûibt n Lzzayer.

Deg useggas n 2003, yessufe$-d ammud n tullizin Loerrat am akken i yettaru kra n yimagraden i we$mis n La Dépêche de Kabylie akked El Watan. Deg 20 yebrir 2004, yura-d ungal Salas d Nuoa, yarna Inig aneggaru di unber 2012 $er tezrigin Tira. Ad t-naf da$en, yura ula d

1

Ixef wis-sin Awal $ef umaru d usisen n wungal

25

tamezdyat deg-sent; Akkin i tira di 2006, Amuli ameggaz deg useggas 2010 d Takemmict n wakal di 2012.

2- Awal $ef wungal “Inig aneggaru“

Inig aneggaru d ungal yura-t Brahim TAZA£ART, yeffe$-d di unber 2012 si tezrigin Tira, yesεa 278 n yisebtar.

Ma nehder-d $ef tjellabt-is, tefka-d udem n leêzen i d-yeskanayen sin yimdanen, i d-yettbanen am wid yesεan i$eblan, ur asen-ufin aqerru. Ma d azwel-is yebna-t $ef sin wawalen; inig d isem, aneggaru d arbib.

Asdukel n sin wawalen-agi, yefka-d anamek alqayan i d-yewwin aéar si telqay n teêkayt n wungal Inig aneggaru; iqsed-d yis-s rwaê bla tu$alin.

Mi ara nezzi $er yinzi, i d-yettwarun s deffir n tjellabt Anda teb$iv ruê d akal, am win teooiv deffir-k, yesεan assa$ d wezwel, s unamek-is; xas tbedlev akal tagnit ur tettbeddil fell-ak, xas tunagev akal d yiwen-is.

Brahim Taza$art deg ungal-is inig aneggaru, ad –t-id-naf, yebda-t si tagara, yu$al $er tazwar, sakin ikemmel tira n teqsivt, ifuk-itt s tagara-nni si yebda. Ad t-naf yebva-t $ef semmus n yeêricen, yal aêric yettkemmil wayev, yal aêric yesεa inzi i d-yessegzayen ayen i t-id-yettabaεen. Aêric amezwaru isema-as Anafag Σebban Remvan,

yefka-as inzi; Anda teb$iv ruê d akal, am win teooiv deffir-k, wis sin isemma-as Timlilit, s yinzi; Mi ara yemlil urgaz d tmeîîut, tteldayent tewwura n yigenwan, wis krav yefka-as isem n Ti$ersi s yinzi; Win yebvan d win iêemmel, am win yemmuten cwiî, aêric wis ukuz isemma-as Gar yiberdan, s yinzi; Amdan, seg wass-n ara yebdu iceffu, netta ad yettnadi tatut, ma d aêric aneggaru isemma-as Gar rwaê d tu$alin, s yinzi; Win iruêen, am win yemmuten, ulac lheffa-s deg uxxam …Win

d-Ixef wis-sin Awal $ef umaru d usisen n wungal

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yu$alen yettawi-d yid-s tili, yesserwal ilem. Ma yella d iwudam ijmeεiten-id ad d-mmeslayen yal yiwen $ef yiman-is, amzun d asaru.

3- Agzul n wungal

Inig aneggaru d taqûivt n sin ilmeéyen d iqbayliyen “ Mehdi d Yuba”. Mehdi iêemmel Nayla i yellan d taεrabt, ma d Yuba iêemmel Tiziri yellan d tamrabevt. D wigi i d uguren i d-mlalen di tayri-nsen, mi d-teêver temsalt n zwao-nsen, Mehdi ugin-as imawlan-is acku Nayla d taεrabt, yerna arnan xedεen-ten mi setteççeggiεen tibratin s yisem-is i Nayla, msefraqen, wa ur inuda $ef wayev, jebden iman-nsen s shala, ur nudan ara ad wten $ef tayri-iman-nsen. Ma yella d Yuba d Tiziri d sin wulawen, myeêmalen εeddan akin i zrubat n leεwayed n lejdud, ugin ad êessen i wayen i d-yeooan talast $ef zwao n temrabevî d uqbayli.

Yuba d Tiziri ur εeîlen ara deg uckenîev d tyita-nsen $ef ayen i ten-ijemεen acêal n yiseggasen, tayri, acku ula d imawlan-nsen îfen deg rray-nsen, armi d wwven $er uêerrem n Tiziri i Yuba, maci imi d tamrabevî kan, imi di taggara ad d-naf belli d atmaten i llan. Σyan seg unavaê-nsen. Msefraqen yal yiwen yetbeε abrid-is.

Yuba yunag $er Fransa, yezweo d yiwet yessen dinna, isem-is Inas. Ma d Tiziri i yecqarrew Yuba, turoa-t armi tuyes, tu$al teb$a ad tinig ula d nettat. Temlal-d Mehdi i tt-iεuhden ad tt-yessawev $er Fransa. Yewwev-d wass yeîîef deg awal-is, iruê yessawev-itt almi d timsrifegt ara tt-yessarsen $ef wakal n Fransa-nni i tettargu.

Akken yella rwaê n Tiziri, i tella tu$alin n Nayla i yettwaooen d iseggasen $er deffir.

Inig-nni, i tettwali Tiziri am tewwurt ara tt-yessuf$en $er rbeê, lehna, d lferê yu$al-as d tirga mxalfa. Acku timesrifegt-nni îîfen-tt

Ixef wis-sin Awal $ef umaru d usisen n wungal

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rebrab. £er tagara Tiziri, wwin rruê-is, kan akken tessars avar-is $ef wakal n Fransa.

Ixef wis-sin Awal $ef umaru d usisen n wungal

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Tagrayt

Brahim TAZA£ART yewwi-d tidet n tmetti taqbaylit, d wayen nettidir deg-s yal ass. D wadeg n tayri d wuguren i d-tettemlili akked leεwayed i as-d-yesqiîîiεen deg ubrid-is.

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

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Tazwert

Deg yixef-agi wis krav, ad neεrev ad nexdem taslevt tasentalant i wungal Inig aneggaru i yura Brahim TAZA£ART. Deg-s ad nessexdem aîas n yiferdisen ara a$-iεawnen, ad néer ugar n yisental i $ef d-yewwi umaru deg ungal-is.

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

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1- Taslevt n wungal

1-1- Seg tama n tal$a

1-1-1- Tugna

Tajellabt n wungal Inig aneggaru teskanay-d sin yilmeéyen s lebsa taberkant i yellan d azamul n leêzen, banen kan belli n$an-ten wurfan n ddunit, anda ara nwali taqcict tessers ifassen-is $ef uqerru-is terna tessadrit $er lqaεa si lehmum i as-yezzin. Ayen i tt-yu$en iban ur as-tufi ara tifrat, d ta$awsa yellan d lmuêal ad tawev $ur-s. Ma yella d argaz; tugna-s ur teûfi ara yebεed mliê $ef teqcict, ad as-tiniv am wakken ivewwer-as-d s uzagur, ur as-d-yesmuzget ara, iteddu $er sdat nettat yeooa-tt-id deffir-s , am win isemêen deg-s, lbeεd-nni yellan gar-asen ad d-nefhem seg-s belli mfaraqen, akken nezmer ad dnefhem belli tezdi-ten tayri, d acu kan am wakken tella t$awsa tekcem-d gar-asen, ur zmiren ara ad as-d-afen tifrat, yugra-d kan faruq, akken yal yiwen ad yevfer abrid-is, ad yeqbel lmektub i as-yuran deg twenza-s.

1.1.2. Azwel

Inig : Asentel n l$erba, yella seg zik, mazal-it ar ass-a, ddant-d fell-as aîfell-as n tbadutin, yal yiwen amek i d-yenna fell-fell-as, P. George deg udlis n Mêemmed OELLAWI : “ Tinigt d anadi n wumdan $ef wayen t-ixussen deg tmura tibarraniyin, dayen i t-yeooan ad iruê.”1

Ma yella $er yimusnawen n tmetti : “ D abeddel n tmurt s-$ur tajmaεt n yemdanen seg tmurt tanaûlit $er tbarranit, yezmer ad iruê mbla tu$alin, yezmer ad d-yu$al akken ad nadin $ef uxeddim-nsen.”2

د .  و  ا ا ر يو  ) اا و   !ا " # ( ج 2 وزو ي' ( )!*'ا +*ا ا 2010 ص 55 . 1 2 Ibid p56

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

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L$erba $ur Mulud Mεemeri : “ D awal i d-yekkan si tutlayt n taεrabt (ا) ayen i wumi neqqar s teqbaylit tinigt.”3

Ma d Mêemmed Oellawi yenna-d : “ Asentel-agi d amensay d atrar, yella-d seg zik abeεda tallit i yesεa ugdud aqbayli deg useggas n 1871, tennerna s waîas seg useggas n 1945 d asawen”.4 Awal-agi anamek-is deg umawal n teεrabt: “ L$erba d tuooya n umdan i tmurt-is iwakken ad yaf ayen i $ef yettnadi di tmura nniven”.5

Yucef NACIB yenna-d : “ Tamurt n leqbayel seg useggas n 1945 d asawen, tella-d deg-s tinigt s waîas, imi imdanen i iεacen lêif ttnadin $ef lerêaq-nsen di tmura tiberraniyin. Tinigt $er tmurt n Fransa tella-d s waîas almi xlant tudrin, ur d-yeqqim deg-sent ala tulawin d yim$aren ur nezmir i uxeddim”6

Inig aneggaru : D rwaê mebla tu$alin, akken d-tenna fell-as Tiziri : “Ma tugi ad tbeddel tmurt, beddel tamurt”. D acu kan tikwal mi ara tettnadiv tamurt nniven, tessaramev ad tbeddel fell-ak, dinna ara teççev akal-ik, ara teççev tamurt-ik, da$en ara teççev imawlan-ik, dinna ara tafev belli “ Anda teb$iv ruê, d akal am win teooiv deffir-k”, tagi d tidet yecban taqsivt n Yuba ne$ wigad i yessaram tinigt.

Ma daxel, ad t-naf yebva-t $ef krav n yeêricen, yal aêric issetbeε-it-id s yinzi. Ma nezzi $er wamek i d-yewwi taqsivt-a ad t-naf yal awadem yefka-as tilelli ad d-yemmeslay $ef teqsivt-is.

3

Mouloud MAMMERI, Culture savante et culture vécue, Ed Tala, Alger, 1991, p191.

د .  و  ا ا ر يو  ) اا و   !ا " # ( ج 2 وزو ي' ( )!*'ا +*ا ا 2010 ص 55 . 4 -*ز!  .)!ا آا 0)1ا 0#2 34 ب *4ا س ا 1984 ص 724 . 5 6

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2-Taslevt n ugbur

2-1-Tutlayt

D tin yettwafhamen, d timserreêt, s ccbaêa n wawalen d tefyar, am userwes; “D azegga$ am tççinat”. “ Ënucve$-n $er wallen-im $emse$ deg-sent am uεewwam icedhan telqey”, tumnayt; “Iîij yeffel-d i udrar n

lbabur”, ... atg. Anda i d-yeglem yal awadem s ûûifa-s d îbiεa-s, yessexdem da$en kra n wawalen ijenîaven am; lbiru, uîaksi, ablankar, la tension, lweqt, lkunûir, tabyirt, ... atg. Awalen imaynuten am; tayri, taseddawit, tawtemt, tufyant, ... . Da$en yessexdem turart s wawalen, di tazwara deg ussan n temlilit d tayri yezdin ilmeéyen-a, awalen akk i yessemres éidit am; tavsa, anecraê, lferê, asirem, tayri.

2-2- Iwudam

Yexîar umaru ismawen deg ungal-a i d-yeslalen aîas n lemεani d yinumak, i yeb$a ad ten-id-yessawev d izen. Iwudam deg ungal n Brahim TAZA£ART, ijmeε-iten-id akken ad d-mmeslayen, d nutni ara d-yeêkun tudert-nsen d teqsivin-nsen, d isallen i ten-yeεnan. Amaru yella-d kan d sebba, yal yiwen iêekku-d $ef yiman-is, ulac win ara d-yeêkun $ef wayev. Ad tafev sin yiwudam ttmeslayen-d $ef yiwet n t$awsa, yal yiwen ad d-yeêku fell-as, mbla ma yegred umaru iman-is. Akka am Belqasem, Tiziri, Nayla, Mehdi, Yuba, Sliman Abugaîu, ... atg amzun d askasi $ef tlufa n ddunit daxel n wungal. Ad naf Brahim TAZA£ART ifren-d ismawen n yiwudam s wudem azamuli akka am Yuba, imi d isem i yettu$alen $er umezruy amazi$. D wigi i d iwudam ara d-naf daxel n wungal-is :

Tiziri :

Isem-is $er leqbayel d tafat i d-yettak waggur deg-iv, deg

ungal-agi Tiziri d taqcict icebêen nezzeh, s thuski i yas-yefka uxellaq. D yell-is n Sliman d Malêa, d tamdakelt n Yuba.

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

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Yuba :

Iêemmel Tiziri, yettmenni ad yinig, ad iruê ad ikemmel leqraya-s

di Fransa, yemma-s qqaren-as Σeloa, ma d baba-s yemmut.

Sliman abugaîu :

D baba-s n Tiziri, d netta i yefren tidet n tegmat

yellan gar Tiziri d Yuba s sebba n yemrabven, d win yesεan tuîfa deg wawal, yettwassen s lewεara.

Malêa :

D yemma-s n Tiziri, d tin yettweûûin yell-is.

Mennad :

D gma-s n Tiziri.

Tameddakult n Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

eloa (teffer isem-is) :

D tameddakult-is n wul, d

nettat i wumi teêka tidet n wayen yellan gar-as d Sliman Abugaîu.

Σ

eloa :

D yemma-s n Yuba, asmi temmut tesêerrem ad yevru zwao gar

Tiziri d Yuba, imi teéra d atmaten.

Belqasem :

D ameddakul n Sliman Abugaîu, iceggeε-it Yuba $er Sliman

akken ad as-d-yefk afus n yelli-s.

Yidir At Meqran :

D ameddakul n Sliman, yettidir di Fransa, asmi

yunag Yuba $er din, iqsed-it di temsalt-agi-ines akked Tiziri, akken ad as-d-yaf tifrat, imi yeéra-t belli ur yezmir ara Sliman ad yerreé awal-is.

Muêend :

D gma-s n Σeloa, têemmel-it kter n watmaten-is nniven, d

netta i wumi d-ooa lewûaya n usêirrem n zwao n Yuba d Tiziri.

Inas :

D tin yu$ Yuba asmi yunag $er Fransa, dayen yeqveε layas n Tiziri.

Tanina :

D tameddakult n Tiziri, d weltma-s n Mehdi, d netta i

ten-yessemlalen.

Nayla :

D tameddakult n Mehdi, imi d taεrabt ur tt-qbilen ara imawlan-is,

acku leqbayel ur ttnasaben ara iεraben.

Mehdi :

D gma-s n Tnina, d amejjay tayri-is tamezwarut d Nayla, imi

d-yusa wugur-a gar-asen, msebvan yu$al yemlal akked Tziri, yu$-itt.

Linda :

D taxeddamt deg tkebbanit Air Algérie, d nettat i yufan tabrat i

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

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2-3- Adeg

Tidyanin u wungal-agi d tid yevran di Bgayet, yessexdem adeg uwsiε acku yettnarni-d seg tesnawit (Asmi mlalen), ar tseddawit (deg-s tayri-nsen tefka iéuran, sεan asirem n tudert lwaêid), asmi fukken leqraya-nsen taqsivt tbeddel adeg tu$al $er taddart anda i ttidiren.

3- Taslevt n yisental n wungal

3-1- Asentel agejdan

Asentel agejdan i yufraren deg wungal-agi d asentel n tayri, i $ef d-yewwi taqsivt n Inig aneggaru. Tayri d aêulfu yezdin gar yemdanen, tezmer ad tili gar ubaba-t d mmi-s ne$ gar tyemmat d warraw-is ne$ gar watmaten, am wakken da$en tezmer ad tili gar wergaz d tmeîîut i yellan d asentel-nne$. Ihi ad naεrev ad d-nefk tibadutin i as-fkan Lewnis AT MENGELLET d ËEMDAN deg udlis n Mêemmed OELLAWI.

3-1-1- Tabadut n tayri $ur Lewnis AT MENGELLET

“Tayri tεedda i tilas-nni yellan gar urgaz d tmeîîut, $ur-s tayri zeddigen d tin i d-imeqqin deg wulawen, i d-yettaken tayri yeûfan”7.

3-1-2- Tabadut n tayri $er umaru Ëemdan

“Leêmala, mi ara iêemmel umdan tettili d timmant yeskan-d amgired yellan gar usugen d tilawt, acku tayri di tilawt ur telli ara, yettu$al d sugen yesenzaf bab-is mi ara d yu$al $er tilawt”8.

د .  و  ا ا ر يو  ) اا و   !ا " # ( ج 2 وزو ي' ( )!*'ا +*ا ا 2010 ص 60 7 8 Ibid p60.

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

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4- Adeg n tayri di tmetti taqbaylit

Timetti tatrarit txulef s waîas timetti taqburt di tuget n yisental, xas akken timsal i yettidir umdan di tallit n zik, llant ula tura, lameεna s wudem-nniven acku temxallaf tudert n yemdanen gar zik d tura. Tura lulent-d kra n temsal d timaynutin, ur ten-yesεi ara umdan n zik, ma nebder-d deg umedya izerfan n tmeîîut, azalen n tmetti, … atg. Lamaεna ma nesseda-d tayri ad tt-naf d tamsalt yellan si zman aqdim. Dayen yedder umdan n zik d win n tura, maca di tallit n zik tayri tetuqqet di tuffirt, ttwalin-tt d leêram, acku tamurt n leqbayel d tin yeqqnen $er nnif d lêerma seg zik, mazal-itt ar tura, imdanen ur sεin ara azref ad êemlen, acku ttwalin anect-a, ad asen-d-yawi lεar, ad ye$li nnif-nsen gar tudrin, ad asent-truê lêerma-–nni nsen. £as tettili tayri d acu kan s tufra akken i d nenna yakan, êed ur yezri, anect-a yettawi tayri $er nger, ur tt-yettaooa ara ad tawev $er leb$i-s, ad d-kecmen imawlan ad asen-d asen d ugur i wayen i ten-ijemεen, s zwao n bessif, n tmara, sebbat n waya, zrubat yellan gar wergaz d tmeîîut, ma d tura yettwabeddel-as wudem, tu$al tucaε s waîas, tu$ amkan-is di tmetti yarna tu$al d tufviêt. £ef aya ad d-nini ; timetti n leqbayel ur tettak ara azal i tayri d wafrayen-nni yellan deg umdan, ttruzun-as ifadden, ttarran fell-as tiwwura.

5- Adeg n tayri deg ungal aqbayli

Asentel n tayri yesεa azal d ameqran ùù$er inaggalen, tuget deg-sen i tt-id-ibedren deg ungalen-nsen, εud ulac anaggal ur tt-id-igan am uεeqqa n lmelê i ungal-is lad$a llan wiyav isental-nsen d tayri. Asentel-a s wazal-is, ulac ungal ur t-id-nebdir ama d tayri s wudem atrar i yezdin Mezyan d Ïawes deg ungal Iv d wass, ama tayri s wudem ansay yezdin Yidir d Σelooiya deg ungal Tafrara ne$ tayri taseddawit yezdin Muêemmed d Jeooiga deg ungal Yugar ucerrig tafawet. Asentel n tayri s

wudmawen-agi-Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

37

ines d ayen i d-yettbegginen anerni n tmetti tazzayrit abeεda timetti taqbaylit, imi afrayen gar sin wulawen myaêmalen, εeddan akken i zôubat n leεwayed d wansayen, wwven slalen-d assa$en s wudem atrar weroin llan di tmetti taqbaylit tansayt.

6-

Asentel n tayri deg ungal “Inig aneggaru”

D tayri n wegdud aqbayli, d tayri tamenzut i d-yettilin daymen tecbeê, telha, am ujeooig i d-itellin, akken ad d-immager tafat. D tayri tamirant, i yezdin Mehdi d Nayla akked Yuba d Tziri, yal wa deg-sen yufa deg wayev leênana d laman, ufan lbenna n tudert, êulfan s wazal n yiman-nsen yennerna.

Skud tettnerni tayri-nsen, simmal yettim$ur wassa$-nni i ten-yezdin, ttnarnin da$en wuguren ara ten-iferqen, acku taqsivt n yilmeéyen-a txulef tiqsivin-nni i $ef nsell; d taqsivt n Mehdi i iêemlen Nayla taεrabt, anect-a yettban-d deg umeslay-a mi as-tenna Nayla i Mehdi : “ Am wass-a ad nfak ta$uri, ad nebdu tameddurt nessaram. Deg sin, ad nesbedd axxam, lsas-is d tayri, ssqef-is d lehna, leêyuv-is d tarwa ara a$-yezdin !” 9. D Yuba yeb$an Tiziri tamrabevt, anect-a ad t-id-naf mi as-yenna Yuba : “ Ënucve$-n $er walleËnucve$-n-im, $emse$ deg-seËnucve$-nt am uεewwam yeccedhan telqey. Yarna ur

fhime$ amek armi $aben yiselmaden-nne$ i sin. Nni$ ahat d Afrudit, tagellidt n tayri, i ten-iwexxren $ef u$erbaz akken ad a$-teoo ad nemyussan ! Ne$ ahat, Geldayri i igan amek ara nemlil, am teflit d tmes, am lmusiqa d usefru, am unaéur d cbaêa…”10. Tirubva d taεrabt d uguren i d-ufan di tayri-nsen, iwakken ad asen-d-slalen lefraq i seg rewwlen. Lefraq-a maççi d ayen ifarnen, maca d lefraq n tmara, n mebla leb$i-nsen.

9

Brahim TAZAGHART, Inig aneggaru, ed. Tira, novembre 2012, p.16

10

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

38

Inig aneggaru, d tu$alin $er tayri, tayri n ucqirrew, aîas n tikwal mi yecqarrew Yuba Tiziri, maεna $er tagara makken tiwwev $er talast tegguma ad teddu yid-s, axaîar i$leb-itt layas di tegnit n leêzen, textar ad teg tilas i wassa$-nsen, ad teεfes $ef wul-is d wul n winna akken i têemmel, tefren lefraq acku maççi d ussan n ubeêri d tili, maççi d cbaêa n yitij deg igenni, tayri; d nhati n tujjma d leεtab d tselbi, d argagi n tarwiêt zdat n swab n imawlan.

Yuba d Mehdi, i tejreê tayri, teooa-asen-d ccama yeqqazen deg wul. Mi sen-d-tessawel i tikkelt-nniven ur zmiren ara ad tt-arren ne$ ad as-inin ala.

Xas ma llan imir-nni kan i d-f$en seg temda-yis lqayen, xas lejruê-nsen werεad nezfen, d acu kan ddan s leb$i i wulawen-lejruê-nsen, $lin i tikkelt tis-snat gar ifassen-is, acku Yuba mi yunag $er Fransa, yufan dinna Inas, i yefren akken ad ikemmel tudert-is yid-s. Ma yella d Mehdi d-yemlalen d Tziri i ççan i$eblan, yeîîfen di leêzen-is, yenwa ad as-yeîîef afus, ad tt-id-yessukkes seg-sen iwakken ad kemlen abrid n tudert jmiε. Mbesseê tirga-is, f$ent-as mxalfa, acku abrid i tebεen yessawev-iten $er faruq, tikkelt-a d arwaê akked t$imit i ten-iferqen acku, gar-asen Tiziri textar ad tinig $er Fransa, ma d Mehdi yextar ti$imit deg tmurt-is. Makken i d-yella rwaê n Tziri, tella-d tu$alin n Nayla, i yettwaooen d iseggasen $er deffir, $ef wanect-a i nezmer ad d-nini dakken rwaê n Tziri yerra-d ahat tu$alin n Nayla, yemsefraqen d Mehdi, i tegnit ivulen yiwen deg-sen ur yeéri amek i tevra d wayev, acku maççi d nutni i yextaren lefraq mbesseê d imawlan i asen-tt-ixedmen mebla leεlem-nsen, imi nutni εudden, yal wa yettu wayev, d acu $er tagara yessemlal-iten-id lmektub deg unafag Σebban Remvan.

Tayri n Mehdi d Tziri, ad tt-naf d tayri i yefren tayev, acku tayri n tidet n Mehdi d Nayla maççi d Tiziri. Tayri n Tziri d Yuba maççi d Mehdi. Da$en d tufra n wuguren n tidet i yeooan Yuba d Tziri, ad msefraqen. D

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

39

ugur i yeooan baba-s n Tziri ad t-id-iger $er zdat iwakken ad yeffer yis-s ugur iseêêan, acku maççi d tirubva i t-yeooan ad yagi zwao-nsen, tirubva yesseqdec-itt kan iwakken ad yeffer yis-s tidet iseêêan, tidet n tegmat i ten-ijemεen.

Tayri deg ungal Inig Aneggaru tessawev-a$ ad néer dakken tayri-nsen d tin yebnan $ef sseê, d acu kan uguren i d-mlalen gezmen-asen ixulaf.

7- Isental inaddayen

Ad d-naf isental-a d uguren i d-mlalen ilmeéyen di tayri-nsen, gar-asen ad d-naf :

7-1-

Imrabven

Di leqrun ilemmasen tban-d tneslemt d tamaynut d tagejdant i $ef beddent kra n tgeldiwin, s sebba n usiwev n ddin $er tmura ur nelli d tinselmin di tefriqt ugafa.

Gar tgeldiwin-a iεawnen $ef usiwev n tneslemt, ad d-nebder imrabven yellan seg leqrun yezrin i yedren ar tura, ayagi yesnulfa-d sin n leεruc, imrabven d leqbayel, anect-a s sebba n ddin, acku imrabven qeblen

tineslemt-a, ttnadin amek ara tt-swesεen deg umaval. Ma d leqbayel d wid ur nekcim ara deg-s, d wagi i d amgired i yellan gar-asen, s umgired-agi i ttagin yemrabven ad fken yess-nsen i leqbayel, imi ad u$alent d tiqbayliyin am nutenti am warraw-nsent. Akken i tt-id yefka d sebba i Tziri, mi as-yenna : “ Ur zmire$ ara ad t-nasbe$ d awez$i ! Teériv acimi ? Acku nukni d imrabven a yelli d arraw n Sidi Lmuhub ad t-irêem Rebbi iketter-a$-d s lbaraka-s. Nutni d leqbayel, ur sεin tamusni-nne$, ur sεin ccerf d leqder i

nesεa. Seg zik n zik akka, ur ten-nettnasab s ttwelliyin-nne$.”11

11

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

40

7-2- Iεεεεraben

Ugur-agi n nesba yellan gar waεraben d leqbayel, yewwi-d iéuran-is

seg zik, imi mxallafen deg waîas n temsal, am laεwayed, d wansayen,

da$en leqbayel ttawalin am wakken d aεraben i asen-yeksen tamurt d

tutlayt tayemmat, tamazi$t.

D acu kan ungal Inig aneggaru yewwi-d taqsivt $ef waεraben

temxallaf $ef tikti tamezwarut asmi i d-yeêka Mehdi yiwet n tedyant yevran di tefsut tabarkant, anda yiwen une$mas d aεrab yefka iman-is d

rruê-is $ef tmagit tamazi$t. Da$en yewwi-d awal $ef umezruy i a$-yezdin mi d-yenna : “ Yezdi-ya$ da$en umezruy ! £as wa yeîîef tameslayt tamazi$t, tanaûlit n tmurt, wayev truê-as, $as llan wid d-yefrurxen srid seg waεraben ne$ seg yihilaliyen, $as llan wid d-ilulen seg temliliyin yellan

gar yimazi$en d waεraben, ilaq ad neêûu belli d annect-a merra i d-yefkan

azzayri n wass-a … Azzayri n wass-a, d tawaract n umezruy n temnavt-a n Tefriqt … ur yextar yiwen anda ar ad d-ilal, anwa lqern ne$ anwi imawlan …”12.

7-3- Tidet

“ Tif tidet yesseqraêen wala lekdeb yessefraêen”, acku deg ddunit ulac i tt-yecban, d acu kan llan wid i tt-yettefren ttagaden ad d-tban, ad tbeddel akk ddunit fell-asen, axaîer ayen yevran yevra, ur zmiren ara ad teksen, $ef wanect-a ttidiren di lxuf ttugaden ad d-yas wass ad d-tban. D anect-a i yeooan baba-s n Tziri, ad yagi zwao-is d Yuba, acku yesseqdec tasnamka axaîer di tidet maççi d tirubva i d sebba, tagi yesseqde-itt akken ad yeffer tidet-nniven, tidet taêeqqanit yellan d tagmat yezdin Yuba d Tiziri, aya-agi yettban-d $er taggara, mi yeqbel zwao-is akked Mehdi, xas akken d aqbayli. D lεar i yexdem Sliman At Snus d Σeloa i yugad ad

12

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

41

iban, anect-a ad t-naf mi d-teêka tmeddakult n Σeloa, mi s-tesla thedder d

yiman-is tenna : “ Akka a Meéyan, akka i teb$iv ay aεziz. Atan ad d-ssirde$

taεebuvt-iw s urgaz wayev, s urgaz ur nelli d keçç ay aênin. Akka i teb$iv

a Meéyan, $er da i a$-ssawven lehvur-ik, $er da i a$-ssawven lehvur n yemma-k. Teb$iv ad tesεuv aqcic, ad trebbiv ! Atan $ur-k, gar-a$ d kra n

wayyuren ad t-teîîfev gar yi$allen-ik, ad ttnavêeê yes-s deg yiberdan s zzux d nnefxa. I$es-ik ilem ad yergel d adif, tafekka-k ad tt-tetbeε tili,

segmi d dderya i d tili n umdan, i d inigi n tudet-is … ma d nekk ay aênin, ad idire$ deg lhejna alamma nedlen-iyi allen ! Fki$ tezdeg-iw fell-ak a Meéyan ssamse$ ise$-iw akken ad sidre$ aéar-ik yekkawen, ur inegger. Yerna d waniwa ? D win iyi-ooan ass-n zelfe$ fell-as …”13 Ay-agi yettban-d yettban-da$en anyettban-da i yettban-d-yeêka Sliman At Snus tayettban-dyant yevran yiyettban-d-s akkeyettban-d Σeloa i

Yidir At Meqqran : “ Ur d-tfukk awal armi d-ufi$ iman-iw deg t$er$ert n uxxam. Nettat tedda-d deffir-i, tendel tawwurt. Nbedd am yigejda n tawla.

Σeloa ur terri ad d-tawi lqahwa, nekk ur qqime$. Tûemmer deg umkan-is,

tetterεiεic amzun tettwazde$. Mebla awal, gre$-a$ i$alen. Teémev-iyi

amzun d ayen i tegguni seg wasmi d-tlul, tettru, tettnehhit. Teqqim akken tiremt. Sli$ i wul-is mi yekkat deg yidmaren-iw …Nettat teckenîev $er umgerv-iw s tezmert. Ëulfa$ s tεebbuvt-is tettcufu deg uwnaf. Tu$al

tessuden-iyi $ef lêenk-iw azelmav, tefka-yi-d taqemmuct-is s ccihwat. Nemyeênac, nemyeémav, nebra i tfekkiwin-nne$ $er lqaεa … Qqime$ $er

lqaεa, îîfe$ aqerruy-iw gar yifassen-iw, ttru$ :

- Meéyan meskin, ame$bun-iw !

Yenna :

13_Ib

id sb.171-172

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

42

- Ini-d Sliman meskin, wamag Meéyan, ur ixdiε yiwen, ur

yelli win umi yekka s deffir !”14.

8- Tulmisin timuta n Brahim TAZA£ART

Bexlaf ungalen nniven ad naf belli Brahim TAZA£ART d win i d-yernan amaynut i téuri-a n tira n wungal.

8-1-

Tutlayt

Tuget n wawlen i yessexdem umaru deg ungal-is yekkes-iten-id seg umawal atrar am : idles, amezruy, tayri, amejjay, … atg. Ad t-naf da$en yessemres awalen ijenîaven seg tutlayt n trumit am : ûcanir, la tention, ibulisiyen, ablankar, … atg.

Tiktiwin i yessemres uddsent akken ilaq, acku yal anevruy yettabaε win i t-id-yezwaren, mcuddent gar-asent, d$a deg mi ara tebdu kra n taluft awadem ad yevfer abrid-is, amaru s tiêerci ines yettaf-d amek ara yesdukkel gar inevruyen-a, wa deffir wa, yal tikti tevfer weltma-s.

8-2- A$anib

Amaru akken ad yessiwev tikti-is akken iwata i yime$ri yessexdem tugniwin d ccbaêa n wawalen am tumnayt am : “B$i$ afus deg fus ad ne$mes deg ul n tudert.” Aserwes am : “Allen-is d timeqqranin wessiεit d

tiberkanin am yirden mi ara d-fetken.” Taydisemt am : “ Tayri d tamedyazt, keçç d asefru.”

14

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

43

8-3- Adiwenni

Brahim TAZA£ART deg ungal-is, yefka tagnit i yiwudam ad mmeslayen i yiman-nsen, maca daxel n tulsa-nsen i tedyanin-nni $ef d-εeddan yettili-d udiwenni. Amedya :

Mi d-yettmeslay Yuba yeêka-d adiwenni yevran gar-as d Yidir At Meqran deg usebter 153.

Dda Yidir : D acu i k-id-yewwin a Yuba, yella kra i teêwaoev ?

Yuba : Tikkelt yezrin ur nfuk awal a Dda Yidir. Mi tuliv $er texxamt, fehme$ taεyiv ne$ ahat tuvnev !

Dda Yidir : Ur εyi$, ur uvine$ a Yuba a mmi ! … Yeεni seg wass-nni d-tusiv $ur-i ar ass-a, ur iyi-yebri u$ilif, ur ufi$ ddqiqa n lehna. Atah wul-iw yedri …

Yuba : Acimi a Dda Yidir ? I truêev $er umsujji !

Dda Yidir : Maççi d ayen umi yezmer umsujji. Ur yelli d lqerê n tfekka a Yuba a mmi. D tafrit-iw iyi-tezzmen, attah tenxuxel, tesserwal $ef wallen-iw nadam … atg.

8-4- Akud

Di yal ungal yettili-d wakud i deg id-verrun inevruyen i yettnernin si tazwara $er tagara. Inagmayen begnen-d sin n leûnaf n wakud i $ef yettwabna wungal; akud anefsani d wakud amazray.

8-4-1- Akud amazray

Deg-s i yettaru unaggal inevruyen ines, yettnerni akken i yettnerni wakud, anda ara d-naf Brahim TAZA£ART yessexdem acku inevruyen n

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

44

wungal-is ttnarnin akken yettnarni wakud, ad t-naf da$en yessexdem ttawil n tu$alin $er deffir (Flash Back) iwakken ad yu$al s inevruyen yezrin.

8-5- Tu$alin $er umezruy

Yewwi-d umaru deg ungal-is Inig aneggaru kra n teqsivin seg umezruy am : “ Yuba II, $ef akken $ri$ deg yedlisen i d-yettawi dadda, d isem n ugellid amazi$ amusnaw i ilulen deg useggas n 52 uqbel talalit n Sidna Σisa, yemmuten aseggas 23 mbeεd talalit-is. Tamana$t n tgelda-s d

Cercel. Ass-n yu$al d agellid, yesεa deg leεmer-is 33 n yiseggasen. 6 n

yiseggasen mbeεd, yezweo d Kliyupatr Silini, yelli-s n tgellidt n yiferεunen.

Deg tmura, $er yirumaniyen, $er yiferεunen, $er yegrigiyen, mucaε s

tmusni-s talqayant. D afelsafi, d anaéur, d amsujji. Yeooa-d aîas n yevrisen $er yisiriyen, $ef tegzirt n waεraben, $ef yim$an, ...atg. Adlis-is

mucaεen isem-is “ Libika”. Igrigiyen, segmi ttqadaren-t aîas sbedden-as

aéru s ûûifa-s $ef yiri n temkarvit yellan deg tlemmast n temdint Atina ... Ass-n yemmut Yuba II, yenîel netta d tmeîîut-is deg yiwet n tqubbet. Tura, ssawalen-as medden : Taqubbet n tmasiêit ...”15 Yewwi-d da$en $ef teqsivin n tallit tamirant am tefsut n yimazi$en mi d-yeêka $ef Mêemmed Racdi yenna-d : “ Mêemmed Racdi d ame$nas anemlay, yekcem $er lêebs n Barwagiya di tefsut n yimazi$en, deg yebrir n useggas n 1980, d win gar tarbaεt n 24 imeêbas mucaεen tallit-nni.”16 Yerna yugem-d ula si teqsivin

n ddin, am teqsivt n Adem d Ëewwa $er yimasiêiyen : “ D tuff$a n Adem d Ëewwa seg lferdus i d inig amenzu deg umezruy n talsa, inig vefren wiyiv. Amer ur tefki Ëewwa tamezzu$t i cciîan, ur teççi deg teffaê (Nninuê ?) yettuêermen fell-as akked Adem, talti ur d yettas umdan $er lqaεa, gar

yi$ersiwen d yigvav, ad yettnavanaê gar yiv d wass, gar usawen d

15

Ibid sb.36 16

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

45

ukessar, gar laé d tawant, gar lmut d tudert, gar is awtem d yiman-is tawtemt.”17

8-6- Adellel

Amaru yal tikkelt yeskan tusna n yimukan i yessemras n tilawt n temdint n Bgayet deg ungal-is, amzun akken yettwehhi-d ne$ yemmal-d i yime$riyen akken ad rzun $er din, amaken yettemmal-asen abrid ara kken alama d din. Amedya $ef Ticci : “ Ticci, i wid ur tt-nessin ara, tezga-d $er tama usamer n temdint n Bgayet, ne$ Saladay s yisem-is aôumini, tebεed

fell-as s wazal n 20 ikilumiîren. Tecbeê, êemmlen-tt wid iran tukksa n lxiq. Imerraê yesseεya useggas n yixeddim, ttasen-d $er Ticci seg merra

tamiwin n tmurt n Lezzayer, seg Lqala $er Me$nia, seg £erdaya $er Tama-n-£ast ne$ $er Tin-n-Duf. Ttasen-d ula si lberrani ...”18

17

Ibid sb.60 18

Ixef wis krav Taslevt tasentalant n wungal

46

Tagrayt

Deg ungal n Brahim TAZA£ART ad t-id-naf yebna $ef waîas n yisental deg-s nezmer ad d-nini d ungal i d-yewwin tamsalt n tayri di tmetti taqbaylit d asentel agejdan i d-yemlalen uguren yellan d isental inaddayen.

Deg ixef wis krav neεrev ad nawi awal $ef tulmisin timaynutin i d-yewwi Brahim TAZA£ART deg wungal-is.

Taggrayt tamatut

48

Taggrayt tamatut

Ungal-agi n Brahim TAZA£ART Inig aneggaru d win i nefren ad nexdem fell-as taslevt tasentalant, akken i nwala yakan deg krav n yixfawen i $ef t-nebva. Deg-s naεrev ad d-nemmeslay $ef usentel n tayri d wamek i t-id-yewwi. Amaru yewwi-d taqsivt n tayri yellan gar sin yilmeéyen, amek i mêemmalen d wamek i yedren tayri-agi-nsen almi msefraqen s wuguren i asen-igezmen asirem, imi uguren-agi εeddan i tayri i ten-yezdin. Uguren-agi usan-d kan d sebba, akken ad fren tidet, acku di tilawt Tiziri d Yuba d atmaten, tayri-nsen ur tesεi ara imal, xelûen tuccviwin n yimawlan-nsen.

Asentel-agi n tayri yella seg zik, $as akken ur d-ttawin ara yimura fell-as s waîas, d acu kan ggaren-t-id d asentel anadday, maççi d agejdan, ttawin-d fell-as s wudmawen yemxallafen, tikkelt d lferê, tikkelt d lqerê, tikkelt d lexdeε, tikwal d ugur ara d-yasen gar-asen, meêsub yal wa s tmu$li-s, yal wa s rray-is.

Brahim TAZA£ART yewwi-d asentel-agi n tayri d agejdan, ireûûa fell-as daxel n wungal, anda yeb$a ad yessiwev izen i yemdanen ur nesseêsab ara i tidet, acku ad d-yas wass ad d-tban, mebla leb$i-k, $as ulama qerriêet, ulac am nettat.

Ungal-agi yewwi-d aîas umaynut i tsekla taqbaylit, abeεda i wungal s umata, seg yal tama, ama seg tal$a, ama seg t$essa, ama seg yisental. Imi i tikkelt tamezwarut ara yili usentel n tayri d agejdan s wudem amaynut deg ungal. Yewwi-d tidet n tayri i ttidiren yilmeéyen di tallit-agi tamirant, d wuguren i d-ttmagar.

Ihi asentel-agi n tayri icud $er tudert n yimdanen d wafrayen-nsen d yiêulfan, d lqerê, d lferê, d yi$eblan, d tavsa, d imeîîi, da$en d asirem mi

Taggrayt tamatut

49

ara yessibεed tamu$li-is. Ungal-agi d asurif $er sdat i yimura ad d-awin $ef usentel agi imi d tamsalt yeεnan timetti n umdan s umata, $ef aya ilaq ad ilin s ya $er sdat ungalen yecban wagi akken ad as-fken azal i usentel-agi n tayri, da$en ad salin di ccan-is gar yisental nniven.

Amawal

51

Tamazi$t

Tafransist

Adeg Lieu

Aferdis Élément

Agensay Extra diégétique

Aglam Description Akud Temps Amazray Historique Amezgun Théâtre Amsaltu Policier Ammud Corpus Amyevres Intertextualité Anaggal Romancier Asentel Thème Asezreg Edition Asisen Présentation Asugen Imaginaire Azamul Symbole Tasekla Littérature Tasentalant Thématique Taslevt Analyse Tasnekta Idéologie Tazrewt Etude Tuddsa Organisation

Ti$bula

53

Idlisen

1- BOUNFOUR Abdellah, Introduction à la littérature berbère. l. la poésie, édition Peeters, Paris, 1999.

2- BOUZAR Wadi, Roman et connaissance sociale. Office des Publications Universitaires, Alger, 2006.

3- HADDADOU Mouhand Akli, Introduction à la littérature berbére, HCA, sans lieu d’édition, 2009.

4- MAMMERI Mouloud, Culture savante et culture vécue, édition Tala, Alger, 1991.

5- NACIB Youcef, Anthologie de la poésie kabyle, édition Publisud, Paris, 1994.

6- RAIMOND Michel, Le roman, édition Armand Colin, Belgique, décembre 2005.

7- REURET Yves, Introduction à l’analyse du roman, édition Dunod, Paris, 1996.

8- SALHI Mohand Akli, Etudes de littérature kabyle, édition ENAG, Alger, 2011,.

9- SALHI Mohand Akli, Asegzawal ame yan n tsekla, édition l’Odyssee, 2012.

10-TAZAGHART Brahim, Inig aneggaru, édition Tira, novembre 2012 11 -د . يو   ,  و ا ا ر ) اا و !"ا #!$ ( ج 2 , '"()ا *(ا ا , ي)!+ وزو , 2010 .

Ti$bula

54

Imawalen

1- ABDESSELAM Abdennour, Dictionnaire abrégé du vocabulaire

redressé de la langue berbére, édition ENAG, Alger, 2010.

2- HADDADOU Mouhand Akli, Dictionnaire des racines berbéres

communes suivi d’un index Français- berbére des termes relevés, édition HCA, sans lieu d’édition, 2006-2007.

3- LACOSTE-DUJARDIN Camille, Dictionnaire de la culture berbère

en Kabylie, édition La découverte, Paris, 2005.

4- OUNISSI Mohamed Salah, Dictionnaire Chaoui-français-arabe, édition ENAG , Alger, 2003.

5 -ب (.ا سا , 0'1ا 0$2 3. , 4(ز" !5'"ا آا , 1984 .