HAL Id: inria-00071764
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071764
Submitted on 23 May 2006
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Predicting travel time on urban networks using simulation
Anjali Awasthi, Michel Null Parent, Jean-Marie Proth
To cite this version:
Anjali Awasthi, Michel Null Parent, Jean-Marie Proth. Predicting travel time on urban networks
using simulation. [Research Report] RR-4822, INRIA. 2003. �inria-00071764�
ISRN INRIA/RR--4822--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
THÈME 4
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Predicting travel time on urban networks using simulation
Anjali Awasthi — Michel Parent Jean-Marie Proth
N° 4822
May 2003
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φ i (t 0 ) < C ij e (t 0 )
vËeabQ2Z\j*p_hjkTh¦akQ2T|cD akQ|_la*_hsksbZ\hTj;_Da abQ2TTefabsb_he|pT'chakQ2T^`_le|T m c[Tje|claTq2p,T,T m jakQ|TZde|g2]ia¨p_lg|_fpZdaunC ij e (t 0 )
clakQ2T^\_he2Th'ze m TsakQ2Z`jpcfe m ZdakZ\che°¦2akQ2T'Z\e2g2]iazp_lg|_fpZdaun*clakQ2T'^`_le|THZ`j*
C ij e (t 0 ) = c ij
P9Q|T'Zde2g|]ia|cD¾TeFakT,sbZ\e2 ;akQ2T'^`_le2T.Z`jI*
φ e ij (t 0 ) = φ i (t 0 )
P9Q|Te[]2S6T,s©clp,_hsbjZde%joZm T*abQ2T jknijuabT,S m Tp,skT4_hjkTj'ZdakQ«akZ\S;T_le m abQ2T^`_le|Tcf]2^m
sbT_fp{QNTF]2Z\^\Zd2sbZ\]2S ZdakQ akQ2TUch]2akg2]ia.|cD}6T,Z\e2 "TF]|_h^akc akQ2TUZ\e2g2]ia.|cD£_la.akZ\S;T
t 0
Q|T,sbT
t 0 = t 0 + [{(φ e ij (t 0 )l ij /ν ij ) − n ij (t 0 )}/{φ e ij (t 0 ) − M in(c ij , C ij o (t 0 ))}]
/ A 1P9Q|TjonijoakT,S+jua{_DakT'p{Q|_he2 hT4j9_DaakZ\SUT
t ∗
Q2TskTt ∗ = M in(t m , t 0 )
&zclakT *v_;p,_hs#Z`j9Z\eabQ2T.^\_he2TH_la9akZ\S;T
t 0
¦2_le m Z§Z§a{j9g%cFjoZdakZ\cheZ`j fZdfT,e FnZ§a{j m Z\joab_he|pT ¡sbchS
abQ2T'T,eFabsb_he|pTHclakQ2T'^`_le|Th¦[akQ|T,e"Z§a#ch]|^m skT4_hp{QakQ2T'Te m clakQ2T'^`_le2T'_la#abZdSUT
t v
*
t v = t 0 + {(l ij − x)/v ∗ ij }
Q|T,sbT
v ij ∗
Z\j9abQ2Tjkg%TT m vËeakQ|Z\jp_hjkTh¦i#T'pche%joZm T,s#abQ|_DaabQ2Tjua{_DabTHchabQ2Tjkn[joakTS p{Q|_he2 hT4j#_laakZ\SUT
t ∗ ∗
Q2T,sbTt ∗ ∗ = M in(t ∗ , t v )
_he
m
akQ2T'g6cfjkZ§abZdcfe
z
chabQ2Tp,_hs9ZdeakQ|T'^\_he2T.Z\jz = (t ∗ ∗ − t 0 )v ij ∗ + x
Q|T,sbT
0 ≤ x ≤ l ij
v
x > l ij
¦[akQ|Tp,_lsZ`j9e2c*SUchsbTHZdeakQ|T'^\_he2Th
576 L=?> C > @
Ta]|jp,che|jkZm T,sabQ2T jkZ\e2 h^\TN^`_le2TjonijoakT,S m Tg2Z\pakT m Zde KZ\ h]|skT 5f£P9Q2T ^dTe2 labQ®cl'abQ2T^`_le2TZ\j
l ij = 10
¦JakQ|TUaks{_Dp©_fp,p,chSUSUc m _DakZ\chep,_hg|_hp,Z§aunZ`jc ij = 20
_he m abQ2T*jog6T,T m clabQ2Tp,_hsbjν = 1
P9Q|T¨e[]2S©%Ts#chp_ls{jg2sbTjkT,eFa9Zde%joZm T¨akQ2T'jkn[joakTS _Da#akZ\SUT
t 0
_hskT
n ij (t 0 ) = 150
SRT'_hjbjo]|S;T¨akQ%_Da abQ2T.Zde|g2]ia|cDj_he m abQ2T'ch]2akg2]iap_lg|_fpZdaun*clakQ2T.^`_le2T.sbT,S*_lZ\e|j9g2Z\Tp,T,Z`joT.pcfe|jua{_leFacheZdeFabT,sb?_h^\j[t 0 , t 1 ], [t 1 , t 2 ], ..
T,abphP9Q2T.g2Z\Tp,T,Z`joT.pcfe|joab_leFa#Zde2g|]ia9|cD
φ e
_hsksbZ\FZ\e2 _laabQ2T.T,eFaks{_le%pTHcl°abQ2T.^\_he2T¨Z`j#g2sbTjkT,eFakT m Z\e
P_l|^dT.iP9Q2THch]iabg2]iap,_lg%_hpZdaun
C ij o
clJakQ|T.jkZ\e2 h^\Tz^`_le2THjonijoakTS±Z\j# hZ\hTeZ\e P_l2^\T¨|Pc©aks{_hpTzakQ2T g6cfjkZdakZ\checlabQ2T'p,_hsbj#Z\e|joZm THakQ|T.jknijuabT,S"¦2_;skT m p_ls9Z\j9Z\eFaksbc m ]|pT m _la9akQ2T.T,eFabsb_he|pTHclakQ2T.^`_le2T'_Dam Z§T,sbT,eFa9akZ\SUTjC/ÊP_l2^\T 1
P_h2^dT 5 *vËe2g2]ia?K^\cD
(φ e )
ij#abZdSUTφ e
) )'
54 Ëh
5C< h.:<l
l <h.AD
5 Al.5f
P_h2^\T' * N ]iakg2]2a >#_lg|_fpZdaun
(C ij o )
ij9abZdSUTC ij o
) )'5'< .5
54 5 f
h h =f
5'< =h 54h
Ta]%jBe2cD _le%_l^\n*HT9akQ2T¨jonijoakT,S 6T,Q|_?[Z\chsB]2e m T,s#D_lsbnFZ\e2 'Z\e2g2]ia|cDjB_he m ch]iabg2]ia9p,_lg%_hpZdakZ\Tj
ch¨abQ2TN^`_le2T _Da m Z`jkp,skT,akT"abZdSUTZ\eFakTskD_l^`jP9Q2TNsbTjk]2^dabjU¡cfs*akQ|T_l6cDhT"e[]2SUT,sbZ\p_l^T,q2_lSUg2^\TN_lsbT
g|skT4joTefabT m ZdeP_l2^\T'2vazp,_he 6TjkT,T,e"Z\eP_l|^dT*
J
K2cfsabZdSUT
∈ [0, 10], [30, 40], [50, 60], [80, 100]
¦%akQ|T Z\e2g2]ia©|cD _le m akQ2Tch]iabg2]ia©|cD m c e2cla#Tq2pTT m abQ2T¨p_lg|_fpZdaun;p,che|joaks{_lZ\eFabjclJakQ|Tz^`_le2TH_le m abQ2T,sbT¡cfskTabQ2T.p,_ls{jBsbT_fp{Q;akQ2THTqiZdaZ\eSUZde2Z\S]|S akZ\SUThP9Q|T¨absb_?fT,^6akZ\SUT.¡chs#akQ|T'skT m p_ls9T,eFakTskZ\e2 ;akQ|TjonijoakT,S+_Da9akZ\SUT2¦2h;_le m
<l;Z`j9TF]|_l^abcI5|
J
K2cfs'akZ\SUT*ZdeFakTskD_h^
[40, 50]
¦akQ2TZ\e2g2]2a_le m akQ|Tch]iabg2]ia'|cD m ce2chaTq2pTT m akQ2Tp_lg|_fpZdaun pcfe|juabsb_hZdeFa{j9clakQ2T'^`_le2T_he m akQ2Te[]2S©%TsclhTQ2Z\p,^dT4jpcfefabZde[]2T.abcUskTSU_hZdep,che|joab_hefaZ\e|jkZm TP_l2^\T' *Psb_?fT,^JP9ZdSUT_he m Xin[joakTS¹XFa{_DabT
#'&) #" +
t 0
t ∗
' ))'n ij (t)
" + )
?
t ∈ [0, 10] t ∗ = 10, θ ij = 10 n ij (t) = 150 − 3 ∗ t φ ∗ i = 12, C j = 15
?+ &n ij (0) = 150
C i = 20, φ j = 15
?+ &n ij (10) = 120
t ∈ [10, 20] t ∗ = 20, θ ij = 12 n ij (t) = 120 + 2 ∗ (t − 10) φ ∗ i = 12, C j = 10
?+ &n ij (10) = 120
C i = 20, φ j = 10 x ij (20) = 8.334 n ij (20) = 140
t ∈ [20, 30] t ∗ = 30 n ij (t) = 140 + 5 ∗ (t − 20)
φ ∗ i = 15, C j = 10 x ij (20) = 8.334 n ij (20) = 140
C i = 20, φ j = 10
?+ &n ij (30) = 190
t ∈ [30, 40] t ∗ = 40, θ ij = 10 n ij (t) = 190 − 4 ∗ (t − 30) φ ∗ i = 15, C j = 20
?+ &n ij (30) = 190
C i = 20, φ j = 19
?+ &n ij (40) = 150
t ∈ [40, 50] t ∗ = 50, θ ij = 10 n ij (t) = 150
φ i = 15, C j = 20
?+ &n ij (40) = 150
C i = 20, φ j = 15
? &n ij (50) = 150
t ∈ [50, 60] t ∗ = 60, θ ij = 10 n ij (t) = 150 + 5 ∗ (t − 50) φ ∗ i = 20, C j = 20
? &n ij (50) = 150
C i = 20, φ j = 15
? &n ij (60) = 200
t ∈ [60, 70] t ∗ = 70, θ ij = 13.34 n ij (t) = 200 φ ∗ i = 15, C j = 15
?+ &n ij (60) = 200 C i = 15, φ j = 15 x ij (70) = 7.5 n ij (70) = 200 w e (70) = 50
t ∈ [70, 80] t ∗ = 80 n ij (t) = 200
φ ∗ i = 15, C j = 15 x ij (70) = 7.5 n ij (70) = 200 C i = 15, φ j = 15
?+ & ! "$#%&n ij (80) = 200
t ∈ [80, 100] t ∗ = 100, θ ij = 13.34, t ∗ ∗ = 93.34 n ij (t) = 200 − 5 ∗ (t − 80) φ ∗ i = 10, C j = 15
8 & 'n ij (80) = 200
C i = 20, φ j = 15
? & ($#%&n ij (100) = 100
akQ2T©^\_he2ThP9Q|T^`_le2TZ`jzjb_lZ
m
akc%T©ZdeNT F]2Zd^\Z\2skZ\]2S
m
]2sbZ\e2 UakQ2Z`jzakZ\S;T©ZdeFabT,sb?_h^MP9Q|Tch]iabg2]ia
|cD¾Z`j9TF]|_h^akc;akQ|T'Zde2g|]ia|cD'P9Q2THaks{_?hT^%abZdSUT.¡cfs9akQ2T'sbT
m
p,_hs#TeFakT,sbZ\e2 abQ2Tjkn[joakTS _Da
akZ\SUT'Vf;Z\jTF]|_l^abc 52
J
K2cfs¨abZdSUT
∈ [10, 20], [20, 30]
¦iabQ2TUZde2g|]ia.|cD m c[TjHe2chaHT,qip,T,T m j¨akQ2T;Zde|g2]iap,_hg|_hp,Z§aun"2]ia akQ2T©ch]iabg2]ia¨|cDZ`j¨ hsbT_DabT,s9abQ|_le"abQ2Tcf]iakg2]2aHp,_hg|_hp,Z§aun clakQ|T^`_le2Tf9x¨j¨_skT4jo]2^da¦|akQ2T|cDTqiZdabj_laz_©s{_DabT'TF]|_h^akcUakQ|T'ch]iabg2]iazp,_hg|_hp,Z§aunclakQ2T'^`_le2T_he m akQ2T'e[]2S©%Tsclp,_hsbj9Z\e|jkZm T
akQ2TH^`_le2TZ\e|p,skT4_hjkTjP9Q2TzakZ\SUTab_hhTe*Fn;abQ2T¨p_ls{jakcaks{_?hT^2akQ|T¨jkn[joakTS Z\j hsbT_DabT,sakQ|_he*akQ2T
SUZde2Z\S]|S absb_?fT,^6akZ\SUT.¡chsabQ2T'^\_he2ThBP9Q|T.aks{_?hT,^6abZdSUT.¡chs9abQ2TsbT m p,_hsTq2pTT m j 54©Q|T,e"Z§a
T,eFakTsbj#abQ2Tjkn[joakTS _DaabZdSUT54;_he m =h;skT4jog6TpakZ\hT^dnf
J
K2cfszabZdSUT8
∈ [60, 70], [70, 80]
¦[akQ2T©^\_he2TZ`j¡]2^\^_le m abQ2T,sbT¡cfskT©_leNZ\e2g2]ia¨|cD}TF]|_h^°abcakQ|T ch]iabg2]iap,_hg|_hp,Z§aun"chBakQ2TU^`_le2TUp,_heNche|^dn6T*_hp,p,T,giabT m Fn"abQ2TUjonijoakT,S"P9Q|T©cf]iakg2]2aH%cD}Z\jTF]|_h^akc"abQ2Tch]2akg2]ia;p,_lg%_hpZdaunNchabQ2T*^\_he2T_le m abQ2Tp_ls{jHab_lfT*S*_DqiZdS©]2S abZdSUTUabc"aks{_?hT,^
cheabQ2T^`_le|ThzP9Q2T©skT m p,_hszTefabT,sbZde| UakQ2TUjonijoakTS¹_lazakZ\SUT+=f_le m hUa{_lhTSU_lqiZdS©]2S abZdSUT
TF]|_h^akcI5|hVabc;aks{_?hT,s{jkTakQ|T'^\_he2Th
3¤,$ - )D9¹ #6$£'(
Ta]|jp,che|jkZm T,s7KZd f]2skT2P9Q|TH fcf_h^6Z`j#akc m T -|e2T'Q2cD®|cDj9_lsbskZ\[Zde2 U_Dae2c m T % _lsbT¨aks{_le|jo¡T,sbskT m
Z\e_ls{p,j % &"Q2TskT
s ∈ Sc(k)
KZ\ h]|skTD* K^\cDPs{_le|jo¡T,s_la &zc m T'
RT_hjbjk]2SUT.akQ|_lazakQ|TS*_DqiZdS©]2S+p_lg|_fpZdaun
C ku e (t)
cl_ls{p,j) %! "©_DaabZdSUT8¦|Q|T,sbTu ∈ Sc(k)
_hskT'[e2cDe'zjk]|_l^\^\nh¦
C ku e (t) = c ku
¦62]ia¨#TS*_?nQ|_?hT
C ku e (t) < c ku
Q2T,e _ls{p+ %! "©Z`jz¡]2^d^_Da
abZdSUT 9_le m akQ2T'p_lg|_fpZdaun*clabQ2Tjk]|p,p,Tjbjocfsbjcl' %! "_lsbT¨^\Tjbj#akQ%_le
c ku
BP9Q2T.#_?nUabQ2T.S*_DqiZdS©]2S
p_lg|_fpZdakZ\Tj#Z\ei|]2Te|pT'T4_hp{QclakQ|T,sZ\^d^°6T m ThT,^\chg6T m Q2TskT4_D¯akTs
K|chs
s ∈ P r(k)
¦2T m T -|e2TC sk o (t) = φ o sk (t) ∗ q
/M 1Q|T,sbT
q = M in u∈Sc(k) [{(C ku e /p ku )/ X
s ∈ P r(k)
φ o sk (t)}, 1]
K|chsbS]2^`_ /Ê 1#g|skcD[Zm TjakQ|T'ch]iabg2]iazp,_hg|_hp,Z§aun*ch_hsbp &,%"cfs¦iZ\e chakQ2Tscfs m jabQ2T.|cDj m T^dZ\hTskT m
[n &,% "_le m akQ|_laZd^\^B6TUaks{_le|jo¡T,sbsbT m abcakQ2T_hsbpj %! "Q2T,sbT
u ∈ Sc(k)
KZde|_h^d^\nh¦akQ2TU%cDabQ|_DaZ\^\^JT,eFakTs) %! "Z`jQ*
φ e ku (t) = [ X
s ∈ P r(k)
C sk o (t)] ∗ p ku
&zclabT *
v
k ∈ E
¦akQ2TU|cD&akQ%_Da_lsbsbZdfTj._Da'e2c m T4%Z`j'_leZ\e2g2]ia|cD m Te2clabT m [nφ k (t)
vaZ`j'^\ZdfTUT Q%_ m cfe2T;g2skT m Tp,Tjbjocfsabc!%l¦°jb_?n &ª¦_he m abQ|_Dac sk = +∞
'e m T,s.abQ2Z\jHQ[n[g%chakQ2T4joZ`j¦akQ2TUg2sbT,[Z\ch]|j¡cfskS©]2^`_lT._lg2g2^\n_he m %T4pchSUT *
C sk o (t) = M in u ∈ Sc(k) [(C ku e (t)/p ku ), φ k (t)]
_he
m
φ e ku (t) = [M in u∈Sc(k) {(C ku e (t)/p ku ), φ k (t)}] ∗ p ku
-.
U
#6$£'( *
P9Q|Tzn[e|_hS;Z`p &T,aucfsk wc m T,^ m TjbpsbZd6Tj9abQ2TjknijuabT,S 6T,Q|_?[Z\chs_he m akQ2TThcf^d]iabZdcfe chabQ2T'|cDj
Z\e|jkZm TabQ2Te2T,aucfsk']2e m T,sg2Z\Tp,T,Z`joTp,che|joab_hefaZ\e2g2]ia|cDj_laakQ2TTefabsb_he|pT#e2c m T4j_le m akQ2TZ\e2ZdakZ`_l^
jknijuabT,S¹jua{_DakT'chabQ2T^`_le2T4jclakQ|Te2Tau#chsbBP9Q2TThch^\]iabZdcfe ch_Ue2T,aucfsk _D¯akTsakZ\SUT
t 0
m Tg%Te m j
cfe * J
P9Q2Tjoab_DabT.clakQ2T'e2T,aucfsk_la9akZ\S;T
t 0
J
P9Q2T'Z\e2g2]ia|cDj
φ e (t), e ∈ E
¦[¡chs9akZ\SUTt ∈ [t 0 , +∞)
yT,SUT,S©%Ts9akQ|_laakQ2T'Z\e2g2]ia%cDj_lsbTHjk]2g2g6cfjkT m akc*6T'g2Z\TpTZ\jkT'pcfe|jua{_leFavaSUT_he|j#akQ|_la
φ e (t)
Z\^\^°skTS*_lZ\e pcfe|joab_leFacheabZdSUT'Z\efabT,sbD_l^`j
[t 0 , t 1 ], [t 1 , t 2 ]..
Tabph7698 B E 7F >AC ;
P9Q|T m n[e|_lSUZ`p,jBch%abQ2Te2T,aucfskZ\jchia{_lZ\e2T m [n©p,chSUg2]iabZde2 akQ2T m nFe%_lSUZ\pjclJT4_hp{Q;che2Tch%abQ2T^`_le2T
chakQ2T e2Tau#chsbMH#]ia¦Bjk]|p{Q«_p,chSUg2]ia{_DabZdcfe skT f]|ZdsbTjakQ2T ch]iabg2]ia;p_lg|_fpZdaun ch9akQ2T^\_he2T]2e m T,s
p,che|jkZm T,s{_DabZdcfe_he m abQ2Z\j©ch]2akg2]ia*p,_hg|_hp,Z§aun m Tg%Te m j©che abQ2Tjk]|ppTjbjkchs{j.clakQ|T ^`_le2Tf P9Q[]|j¦akQ2T
p,chSUg2]ia{_DabZdcfe chakQ|T'e2Tq[azjoab_DabT'clakQ2T'e2T,aucfsk*Z`j9au#cl¡cf^m *
J
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J
X[T_hsbp{QclabQ2T.akZ\SUTjz_laQ2Z`p{Q abQ2T^`_le2T4jZ\^d^p{Q%_le2 fT.akQ2TZdszjoab_lakTf¨T,e2chakT.akQ|TjkT'akZ\SUTj[n
t ∗ ij
¦2Q2T,sbT(i, j) ∈ A
BP9Q2Tet ∗ = M in (i,j)∈ A {t ∗ ij }
Z`j9akQ2T.abZdSUT_la9Q|Z\p{QakQ|T'e2T,jua{_DabTHchakQ2T'e|Tau#chsb*Z\jp,chSUg2]iabT m
76 EG>A@ =7B B CPEGF E B E =7BD@ =B @ CB CS; E ;
P9Q|Z\jpchSUg2]2ab_DabZdcfe*Z\jS*_ m T%_hp{[#_hs m j, Ta
(s, k) ∈ A
vk ∈ D
¦fakQ2TeC sk o = c sk
P9Q|Tch]iabg2]ia
p_lg|_fpZdaun*clakQ2T'^`_le|T
(s, k)
Z`j9TF]|_l^abcUakQ2T.absb_lpH_fp,p,chSUSUc m _DakZ\chep,_hg|_hp,Z§aun*chabQ2T'^\_he2Th&zcD'¦h_hjbjo]|S;TakQ%_Da
k / ∈ D
X[Z\e|pTf¦lakQ|T9p,chSUg2]ia{_DabZdcfeZ`jSU_ m T9|_hp{[9_ls m ¦?T#[e2cD abQ2T9ch]iabg2]ia p_lg|_fpZdakZ\TjHcl_l^\^akQ|T_ls{p,j % " %∈
# % "D)R T*_h^\jkc"Fe|cD akQ|TUjoab_lakT*chakQ|T*^\_he2T*_Da'akZ\SUTt 0
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6T,Z\e2 'abQ2TabZdSUTH_DaQ2Z`p{QUakQ|Tz^`_hjoajua{_DabTclakQ|Tze2T,aucfsk©Z\jFe|cDe°P9Q|Tch]iabg2]ia9p,_lg%_hpZdaunch7 &,% "
Z`jchia{_lZ\e2T m [n*_lg2g|^dn[Z\e2 '¡chsbS]|^\_/M 1BZ§abQ*akQ2T¨Zde|g2]iap,_lg%_hpZdakZ\Tj
C ku e (t)
ch_ls{p,j(k, u)
Q2Z`p{Q_hskT fZdfT,e Fn *C ku e (t) = c ku
Zd /¡¦]"1#Z\j9e2cha¡]2^\^
C ku o (t)
Zd/ʦ] 1#Z`j#¡]2^\^/D 1
765 : E CPB >
KZ\e|_l^\^\nh¦[akQ|T_l^\ hchsbZdakQ2S p_le%Tjk]2SUS*_lsbZ;HT m _hj#¡cf^d^\cDjI*
5h(BeFakTsakQ2Tjoab_lakT.clakQ|T'e2Tau#chsb_Da9akZ\SUT
t 0
i >chSUg2]iabTUakQ2TUcf]iakg2]2ap,_lg%_hpZdauncl9T_fp{Q _hsbp;clakQ2T*e|Tau#chsb /Ê|_hp{[9_ls m 1z]|joZ\e2 ¡chsbS]|^\_hT
/Ê D*1ª
2 >chSUg2]iabT
t ∗ ij
¡chsHT_fp{QN_ls{p(i, j) ∈ A
.P9Q2TjkT©p,chSUg2]ia{_DakZ\cheN_hskT©|_hjkT m cfeakQ|T;jkZde| h^\T^\_he2T _le|_h^dnijkZ\jC/MXiT,T'joT4pªabZdcfe"2 1ªV| >chSUg2]iabT
t ∗ = M in (i,j)∈ A {t ∗ ij }
<i >chSUg2]iabT.akQ2Tjoab_lakT.clT_fp{Q_hsbpH_DaabZdSUT
t ∗
=2X[Ta
t 0 = t ∗
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