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HAL Id: inria-00074700

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074700

Submitted on 24 May 2006

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Tools for correct DSP synchronization

Alain Kerihuel, Roderick Mcconnell, Frédéric Raimbault

To cite this version:

Alain Kerihuel, Roderick Mcconnell, Frédéric Raimbault. Tools for correct DSP synchronization.

[Research Report] RR-1973, INRIA. 1993. �inria-00074700�

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ISSN 0249-6399

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

1 9 9 3

PROGRAMME 1

Architectures parallèles, bases de données, réseaux et systèmes distribués

Tools for Correct DSP Synchronization

Alain Kerihuel, Roderick McConnell, Fr´ed´eric Raimbault

N˚ 1973

Avril 1993

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(9)

OUTPUT

CLOCK D_CLOCK

READ WRITE

IN OUT

DATA RESULT

C_OUT INPUT

C_IN

CALCULUS I : RCLK / PERIOD = 64 / 64 O : WCLK / PERIOD = 1 / 64

= 128 LATENCY

CONTROL(LATENCY,RCLK,WCLK,PERIOD)

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