HAL Id: inria-00074629
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074629
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
A security proof system for networks of communicating processes
Jean-Pierre Banâtre, Ciaran Bryce
To cite this version:
Jean-Pierre Banâtre, Ciaran Bryce. A security proof system for networks of communicating processes.
[Research Report] RR-2042, INRIA. 1993. �inria-00074629�
ISSN 0249-6399
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
1 9 9 3
PROGRAMME 1
Architectures parallèles, bases de données, réseaux et systèmes distribués
A Security Proof System for Networks of Communicating Processes
Jean-Pierre Banˆatre, Ciar´an Bryce
N˚ 2042
septembre 1993
&' )(*+-,./+( 0 12345
687:9<;5=?>.@A7CB+BD7*EF9<;HG9<I+BD7JLK@A9<BM9<;NE#B+O5P:7RQ
STVUXWXTZY\[F[^]._a` b4Tdcde:fhgV]+cigkjlTk]+mnoY+TdY\pqpsr]tpq]+miuwvoYXmA]+mxC]yxCUXz:z-{]t]+miu:Tl{]+m|]}Y\j:~
]tg4mA:mAgtr]t[F]}m2xCfm|gkTVfhv:j-{]+m
STkUXA]tg4 S
4Y\nlnUDTkg xw]TV]+cde:]tTdcde:]4zwD\` m|]n:gk]t[v:TV]_XX.` X.noY\WD]+m
^i}\lXzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDzoU+ciUXzwgkTVUXp[F]+cdeoY+z:f mA[FmoxC]tgV]+cig8Y\zoxn:TV]t¡]tzwggVTdY+zom¢]tTZm
U+5fhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXzFelf cde¡wfhUDp Y+gk]gVe:]Hm|]+cijlTkfhgA^ciUXz£m|gkTZY\fqzCgZmLn:pYXci]}x'UDz¤Y#mA:mAgk]t[ ¥z
gVe:f mnoY+no]tT2]¦m|gVjoxCYnlTkUXWDTdY+[F[FfhzlWp Y+z:WXjoY+WX] voYDm|]+xFY+n:n:TVUYXcdeFgVUoU+§ciUDzCgVTkUXp
fqz¨Y*mA:mAgk]t[U+ c?UX[F[j:z:fctY\gVfhz:Wn:TVUwci]+mkmA]+mi¥¨©2e:]p Y+z:WXj£Y\WX])cde:Uªm|]tz«gkU)n:TV]+m|]tzwg
gVe:]+mA]f xC]}YXm2f m¬wS¥w*]¦WXfh¡]¦gke:] ®Dm|]+c?j:Tkfqg|^m|][Y\zwgkfctmk®U\5¬ S¯Y\z£xmAe:U+ u:fhgVe
gVe:]HY\fx'U+gAU.]t~:Y+[Fn:pq]+miue:U+°gVe:]Hm|]t[Y+zCgVf ctm5ctY+zv] jomA]+xgVUciUXz£xCjocig4mA]+cij:TVfhgA
nlTkUU\sm4U\noY\TZY\phpq]tpn:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^]+mi¥
±¤² ³´VµH¶+·¸X¹fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXz oU+mA]+cij:TVfhgAu¸m|]+c?j:Tkfqg| ¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}miuc?UX[F[j:z:fctY\gVfºzlW
mA]+»j:]tzwgkf Y+p<n:TVUwci]+mVm|]+m?uoY\~wfhUX['Y\gkfcm|][Y\zwgkfctmiuwm|]}cij:TkfqgA#n:TVUU\mA:mAgk]t[¼¥
½¿¾yÀ
ÁÂAÃtÄ
À
Á5ÅÆh¢ÇÉÈdÊ
Ë|ÌAͦÎÐÏÒÑCÓÔ¢Õ+ÖDÎd×XÎdØÙÉÌ?Ú+Ö\ÙÛ+ÜÌVÝÏÞÙÏÞßsÎ\àáqÙ
Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes
IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex (France) T´el´ephone : (33) 99 84 71 00 – T´el´ecopie : (33) 99 38 38 32
,# )23455* 4' ()+4,#(/
²C² <]+m[ ]+ctY\zlf m|[^]+m xC]¤ciUXzwgkT{ UXph]¤xC]Fojl~¯xfhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXzom UXzwg#noUDj:T
TUXpq].xC]x{]gk]+cigV]tT¦xV{]t¡]zCgVj:]tp m5gkTZY\zom]tTkgZmxfqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDz3noUXj:¡DY+zCgHciUD[Fn:TkUD[F]tgVgkTk]
pYmw{]+c?j:Tkfqg:{]Y\gVgk]tzoxwj:]xj:zym|lm|gr]t[F]¥UDjom ]~:Y+[Ffhz:UDzomfcifph]5n:TVUXv:psr]t[F]xC]c?UXzwgkTUDph]
xw]oj:~¼x:Y\z£mph]+m4m|lm|gr]t[F]+mxw]n:TVUwci]+mkmAjomnoY\TZY\pqpr]tpq]+mciUX[^[#j:zlf ctY+zCgZmi¥w<].p Y+z:WY+WX]
mAj:n:noUXTVgHxC].pV{]tgkjoxw]]+mAg¬wS¥UXjom xCUDz:z:UDzomj:z:]mw{][Y\zwgkf» j:]H®DmC{]+cijlTkfhgZY\fqTk]+®Fxw]
¬ S*]tg[FUDzCgVTkUDzommAj:T» jl]tp »j:]+m]t~w]t[Fn:pq]+m<ciUD[F[F]tzwgc?]tgkgV]mw{][Y\zwgkf» j:]5no]tj:g]tgkTV]
jlgkfhpqf mw{]t]noUXj:T¦ciUDzom|gVTkj:fqTk]HxC]+m2n:TV]tj:¡]+mxC]Hmw{]+c?j:Tkfqg:{]¥
R¶:+i´Z ²H*oj:~ xfhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXzudnoY+TdY\pqp{]tpqf mA[F]uVmC{]t[Y+zCgVf »j:]Y\~wfhUX['Y\gkf» jl]ukn:TV]tj:¡]+m
xw]mw{]+cij:TVfhgl{]uCn:TVUwci]+mVm|jom4ciUX[^[#j:zlf c?Y\zwgdmi¥
, -
('2 )*L/'(
©2e:][^Um|gfq[FnoUXTVgdY\zwg4YXmAno]+cigU+ciUX[^n:j:gk]Tm|]}cij:TkfqgAFf mgke:]Hz:UXz/.xCfmkcipqUmAj:Tk]uoUXT
+u\U+<gVe:]fhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXzym|gkUDTk]+xfqzYm|lm|gV]t[ ¥0ÞwY\pqg#1t]tT32°wcÐelTkU]+xC]Tt¥54}76lxC]8ozl]
Ym|]}ciTk]+c?#¡wfhUDp Y\gVfhUDzYXmUwctcij:TVTkfqz:W#el]tz
®Xbz j:z£Y\j:gVe:UXTVf m|]}x¯n]Tdm|UDz fmFY\vlph] gkUTk]+YDx¯UXTFgZY79])YXxw¡XY+zCgZY\WD]*U+
fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDzm|gVUXTV]+xfqzgVe:]HciUX[^n:j:gk]Td®
:zomAj:Tkfqz:W mA]+ciTV]+cif m]+»j:fh¡DY+ph]tzwggVU mVY}wfhzlWgVeoY\gHci]TkgdY+fhz)fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXz gkTZY\zomA[Ff m;.
mAfhUDzomiu:UDT=<> ?@?uCvo]tgA2]]tzm|lm|gV]t[UDv:A]+cigdm2[jomAg/vo] n:TVUXe:fqv:fhgV]+x<¥o©2e:]tTV] Y\TV] [Y\zw
]~:Y+[Fn:ph]}mU\¸gVe:f mACY gdY+~.n:TkUDWXTdY+[F[F][jom|gz:UXgph]+Y9CBÉph]g £U\EDgke:]4n:TVfh¡DY\gV]fhzCUDT#.
['Y\gkfqUXzFfqg4YXctc?]+mkmA]+m2gkU.j:z£Y\j:gVe:UXTVf m|]}xn:TVUwci]+mkmA]+mfhzgke:]am|lm|gk][ ¥:b v£Y\zF9¤Y\nln:phfctY7.
gVfhUDz#eoYDmnoY\TVgkf c?j:p Y+Tkphym|gVTkf c?g5m|]+c?Tk]+ci TV]+» jlfhTk][F]tzwgdmA?fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXzY\voUDj:gY cipqfh]tzwgÒm
YDctciUDj:zCg['Y}.oU+§gkUgke:] gk]phph]T2UXv:A]}cigdm2v:jlgz:UXg4gkU.UDgke:]tT¦cipqfh]tzwgdm?¥
U3e£Y\g9wfhz£xU+4[F]+cdeoY\z:fm|[m4Y\TV]Fz:]t]}xC]+x gkU YDcÐelfh]t¡].fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXz)mA]+ciTV]+ciHG
¬5UDzom|fxC]tT Y[Y\fqp¸Y\n:n:pqf ctY+gkfqUXzIo]+YXcde jomA]tTnlTkUwci]+mVmeoYXmYFpq]tgkgV]tTvoU\~¤UXv:A]+c?gt¥Jzl]
[^fhWXewgc?UXzomAf xC]tT4gA2U^m|]+c?Tk]+ci^nUDphfcifh]+m?¥HKfhTZm|gVphuwUXz:pqgVe:]U+z:fqz:WFjomA]tT4f m4Y\phpqU+2]+x
gVUTk]gkTkfq]t¡]gVe:]ciUDzCgV]tzwgdm<U\ e:fm pq]tgkgV]tTvoU+~<¥]+ciUDzoxCpqutfº YjomA]tTML«m|]tz£x:mY[F]}mkmkY+WX]
gVUFjomA]tTON[Y\T9]+xCPRQ3SUTVBmAfhWXzlfºwfhz:WWK:UXTEX5UXjlTO:]+mYJ4z:phHDdu:gVe:]tzZN[jom|gz:UDg
vo]HY\vlph] gkU.UXTVY\TZxgVe:]HciUXzwgk]tzwgdm5U\5gVeoY\g4[F]+mVmkY+WX]gVUFmAUX[F]UDgke:]Tjom|]tT¥
>'#'W' [R #%$\aY\TV]#j:zlfh¡]tTZmkY\pqph¤jom|]+x gkU¤Tk]+xwjoci].gkel]#fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXz oU+4mfqz Y
mA:mAgk]t[ 0Y\[Fn£m|UXz4_Xu]4tlu 4]tj:[Y+zoC_6¥©U3]t~w]+cijlgk]Y\z)UXno]tTZY\gVfhUXzUXz«Y+z UXv:A]+c?gtu
gVe:]4ctY+phphfqz:W4n:TkUwci]}mkm[jom|gnoUªmkm|]}mkm2YO^ UDTgke:]UDno]tTdY+gkfhUDz¥ :5YXcde.n:TVUwci]+mkm¸f mWDfh¡]tz
Y.mA]tgU\_9]t:m?uUXz:]UXT4]+YDcÐeFU+gVe:] UXno]tTZY\gkfqUXzomfhzgVe:] UXgkel]tTUXv:A]+c?gdm2gke£Y\gfhg[Yt
pq]tWY+phpqfqzC¡U`9]¥ bphp¸UXno]tTZY\gkfqz:W¤m|lm|gV]t[mjomA].gke:fm Y\vomAgkTdYDcigkfqUXz¥8¢zbaz:fq~<uogkel]*9]t
Y+vom|gVTdYDcigkfqUXzf m5fh[Fn:pq]t[]tzgk]+x fhgVeYXctc?]+mkmciUXzwgkTVUXp<pqf mAgdmi¥wÉYj£m|]tT Þm/nlTkUwci]+mVm2eoYXmY
TV]+YXx9]aUDT5Y8oph]gke:]z.gke:]dc[FUwxC]v:fqg UDT5gke:]e8opq]2fqphpwv]4mA]tgUDT5®\UXTkpx:®UXTUXT
gVeoY\g¸jomA]tTÒm WDTkUXjln¥ ¬Y+noY\vlfhphfqgAvoYXmA]+x.m|lm|gV]t[m Y\Tk]-Y[FUDTk]5xCfqTk]+c?gfh[Fn:pq]t[]tzCgZY\gVfºUDz
U+5gkel]Y9]FY+vom|gVTdYXc?gkfhUDzf0<]t¡C/g\`6¥
h4UXfhzlWv£YXc'9gkU gVe:][Y\fqpwY\n:nlphf cY\gkfqUXz.]t~lY\[^n:ph]u+YDctci]+mVm5ciUXzwgkTVUXp mctY\z.vo]4jom|]+x.gkU
]zCUXTZci]5gke:]m|]}ciTk]+c?Tk]+»j:fqTk]t[F]zggVeoY\g¸UXzlph gke:]5U+z:fqz:Wj£m|]tT¸Tk]+YDx:me:f m<U+zpq]tgkgV]tT
voU+~ uCvw#UDz:phWXTZY\zwgkfhzlW.gkeoY+gjom|]tT-Y9]tUXTgVe:]TV]tgkTVfh]t¡]UDn]TdY\gVfhUDzUDzgke:]pq]tgkgV]tT
voU+~ ¥%iU+]t¡]tTtudgVe:]2n:TVUXv:pq]t[RY+Tkf mA]+mfhgke gVe:]mA]+ciUXz£xm|]}ciTk]+c?TV]+» jlfhTk][F]tzwgt¥?b jom|]tT
[^fhWXewg2TV]+ci]tfq¡]Y*PQjSHT*[F]}mkmkY+WX]HY\z£x'UXTVY+TdxgVe:]HciUXzwgk]zCgZm2fhz¤Y\z:UDgke:]T[F]}mkmkY+WX]
gVUHm|UX[^]UXgkel]tT5jom|]tT¥bctc?]+mkmc?UXzwgkTkUDp m5xCU z:UDg2j:zoxw]tTdmAgdY\z£x e:U+ fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXz oU+4m
fqz«Y3mA:mAgk]t[¼¥©2e:]FUDz:ph -Y})gke£Y\g.YDctci]+mVmciUDzCgVTkUDp mcY\z«mAgkUXn Y3jom|]tTkL fqphpq]tWY+phph
UDTk-Y\Tdxwfhz:WY[F]}mkmkY+WX]4gkU.jomA]tTN¹xwfhTk]}cigkpquXUXTfqzoxCfqTk]+cigVphH¡CfYUXgVe:]tTjom|]tTUDv:A]+cigZmiu
fmgkU]zom|j:TV]gkeoY+g2gVe:]tTk]4f mz:UHmA]+» jl]tzoci]U+¸jom|]tT5n:TVUwci]+mVm|]+m5fhzgke:]¦m|lm|gV]t[¹mAgdY\TVgkfqz:W
[>9]t4UXT5gke:]z:]t~wg[F]t[.vo]tT Þmoph]tgVgk]tT¸voU\~ ¥ azwUXTkgVj:zoY+gk]tpqu\gVe:f mm|UXpqj:gkfqUXz.UXj:px
nlTkUXelfhv:fqgOL TVUX[ mA]tzoxCfqz:Wo³gVU N Ie:]zoci]u:gVe:]YXctc?]+mkmc?UXzwgkTkUDp5m|UDphj:gVfhUDz
fm2fhzomAj'cifh]tzwgt¥
*]¤z:]t]+x¨m|UD[F]3UDgke:]tT^Y\nln:TkUªYXcde UDT#n:TV]t¡]tzwgkfqz:W*jlzoxC]+mAfhTk]}x gkTZY\zomA[Ff mVm|fqUXz¯U+
fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDz vo]tgA]t]tz¯nlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F]UXv:A]+c?gdmi¥5b4z[ *!% [ <d ? [F]+cdeoY\zlf m|[
[jomAggZY\W3]}YXcde ¡XY+TkfY\v:pq].fhgke)gkel]m|]tg U\-¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]+mLTVUX[ e:fcÐe fqgeoYXmTV]+ci]tfq¡]+x
fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDz#oU+4miuogke:] ] ]+c?gdm2U\ e:f cdeFeoYt¡] z:UXg4vo]t]tzphUªm|g4xCjl]gkUmAj:vomA]+» jl]tzCg
£U\4m?¥5©2e:]FoU+mA]+cij:TVfhgA U\¦gkel]3mA:mAgk]t[ ctY+z gVe:]tz vo]¤xC]tgV]tTk[^fhz:]+x3TkUD[ gVe:]+mA]
gZY\Wªmi¥<jocdeY[F]}cÐeoY+z:f mA[ TV]+» jlfhTk]}m gVeoY\ggVe:] vo]teoYt¡CfqUXj:TU\]+YXcdeciUDzom|gVTkjoc?g2U\gkel]
pY\z:WDjoY\WD] jom|]+xgkUnlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F]4gke:]¦m|lm|gV]t[vo]nlTk]+cifm|]tpq.xC]8oz:]+x#fqgkeFTV]+m|no]+c?g2gkU
gVe:]2fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDza£U\4m¸fhg¸WX]tz:]TdY\gV]+mi¥ J4z:]cY\zj£m|]2gVe:]2TV]+m|jlphgkfqz:W¦m|]t[Y+zCgVf ctmogkU mAgdY.
gVf ctY+phpqY+zoY\pq:mA]gVe:]n:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^]2gk]~CgUDToU+4m2Y\z£x TV]kA]+ciggVe:]n:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^]2fº8Y+zC
U+gVe:]+m|]oU+4m/¡wfhUDp Y+gk]gkel]mA]+cij:TVfhgAHciUXzomAgkTZY\fhzwgdmn:pYXci]}x UDz#gVe:]nlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F]¥D©2e:f m
Y+zoY\pq:mAf m5ctY+z#vo]¦xCUXz:]4vweoY+zox#UXTY+j:gkUD[Y\gVf ctY+phph BvCyYc?UX[Fn:fqph]tTUXT5]t~lY\[^n:ph]%Dof
]z:UXj:WDe3fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXzfmY}¡DY+fhp Y+v:ph]ª¥:bpqgk]tTVzoY\gVfh¡]tpqugke:]Hm|][Y\zwgkfctm2ctY+zv]Hjom|]}xgkU
mAno]+cifºyY xCCz£Y\[Ffc/[F]+cdeoY+z:f mA[3¥©2e:f m5ciUDzom|fm|gdmU+]t~wgkTZYn:TkUDWXTZY\[F[F]fhzomAgkTVjocigkfqUXzom
gVeoY\gaY#ciUD[Fn:fqph]tTfhzomA]tTkgZmmAUFgkeoY+ggkel]n:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^]fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXzFoU+4mY\TV]pqUXWXWD]+x
Y+gTkjlzCgVfh[F]¥©2e:]4Y\nln:TkUªYXcdem|j:n:noUªm|]+mgke£Y\g5Y+zY\gkgZYXc'9]tT¸eoYXmgkel]2n:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^]/gV]t~wgI
el]+mAe:]Fgkewjomj:zoxw]tTdmAgdY\z£x:mgVe:]#]~Cno]+cigV]+x v]eoYt¡CfqUXj:T U\4gVe:]n:TkUDWXTdY+[F[F]yY\zox mAU
['Y}.vo] Y+v:ph]¦gkU.xw]+xCjoci]¦fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDz#vw]t~:Y+[Ffhzlfhz:WgVe:]¡DY\pqj:]U+5mAUX[F]4¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]¥
zCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXzoU+¨ciUDzCgVTkUXpw[F]+cdeoY+z:f mA[FmoeoYt¡]/gVTdYDxCfhgVfhUXz£Y\phpq jom|]+x* E$7'$
0]tz:zlfhz:W4+Cu8L]tfqgk[Y+z(4gwu 3f&1tj:z:UW2 JpxC]te!U]?gt¥g`g76s¥:5YXcde ¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]f m¦YXmkmAfhWDz:]+x
Y.ph]¡]tpxC]z:UXgVfhz:Wgke:]ym|]tz£m|fhgVfh¡wfhgA.U\gVe:] fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDzfhg4ciUDzCgZY\fhz£mi¥ bLgk]tT4Y+z3UDn].
TZY\gVfhUXz8u/gVe:]3pq]t¡]tp5U\Hgkel]3¡DY\TVf Y\vlph]e:f cde¯TV]+ci]tfq¡]+x gke:]¤fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDz oU+[#j£m|g
vo].z:U^ph]+mVmgkeoY+z gke:].pq]t¡]tp U\gke:]£U\NmAUXj:TZci].¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]+mi¥iU+2]¡]tTtu:gVe:].mA]+cij:TVfhgA
pq]t¡]tp8Y\n:n:TVUYDcÐem|]t¡]Tk]tpq#TV]+m|gVTkf c?gdmgke:]HTdY\zlWX].U\noUXpqf cifq]+m2gke£Y\gUDz:].[FfhWDeCgpqf9] gkU
mAj:n:noUXTVgt¥ b oU+ [F]}cÐeoY+z:f mA[1m|e:UDj:p xphUDW#gVe:] ¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]+m2gkeoY+ge£Y}¡]4oU+z3gkU.]}YXcde
¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph] TZY\gkel]tTgkeoY+z3gVe:] ph]t¡]tpoU+5gke:]Hx:Y+gdYw¥ 0#"XUXzl]+m2N<fhn:gVUXz¥]4+6Þm 7$$! [F
[F]}cÐeoY+z:f mA[ fm/fhzgkelf m2mAn:fhTVfhgY\z£x'e£YXm2mAUX[F]¦m|fq[FfhpY\TVfhgkfq]+mfhgke^gke:]4[F]+cdeoY\zlf m|[
nlTkUXnoUªm|]+x3e:]Tk]gVe:f m2noY+no]tTt¥ ©2e:]HxCf$ ]tTV]tzoci]}m/fhpqp<vo].xwf mkc?jomkmA]+xFp Y\gV]tTt¥
©2e:f mnoY+n]Tc?UXzomAf xC]tTZmLfqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDzoU+NciUXzwgkTVUXp¸fhz¼m|lm|gk][m2U\noY+TdY\pqph]tpciUD[ .
[j:z:fctY\gVfhz:W n:TVUwci]+mVm|]+m?¥:*]HciUDzoci]tzwgkTZY\gk]¦n:Tkfq[Y\TVfhph.UDz¤Y.m|gdY+gkfc¦£U\ ciUXzwgkTVUXp<[^].
cdeoY+z:f mA[ fhz gVe:]#UXTV[ U+ Yn:TkUU+ mA:mAgk]t[¼¥©2el]FWXUªY\pf m gkU¤v]'Y\v:pq]FgkU3UDTk[Y+phph
¡]TkfºfhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXz#£U\ n:TkUDn]Tkgkfq]+m2TkUX[%gke:]Hn:TkUDWXTdY+[F[F]4gk]t~wgt¥<¬ S 0\iUªY\Tk]`4g76
fm.cÐelUm|]z¯gkU fqphpqjom|gVTdY\gV]gke:]¤Y\nln:TkUªYXcde§m|fhz£ci]FfhgmA]t]t[mHYWDUUwx ¡]e:f cipq] UDTFxw]+m.
c?Tkfhvlfhz:W¤m|lm|gV]t[m?¥©2el]Fp YtUXjlgU+gVe:]FnoY+no]tTfmYXmUDphpqU\4m?¥¸bv:Tkfq]iU+¡]tTV¡Cfq]t U+
¬ S fm/n:TV]+m|]zCgV]+x fqzFgkel]z:]t~wgm|]+cigVfhUDz¥:]+cigVfhUXz'phUU`9:mY+g2gVe:]fhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXz.oU+
Y+zoY\pq:mAf m2U+gVe:] m|]}» j:]zCgVf Y\p¸¬wS pY\z:WDjoY\WD]HciUXzomAgkTVjocigdmY+zoxn£Y\TdY+phpq]tpciUD[FnoUmAfhgkfqUXz
Y+zox.gke:] BY\~wfhUD[Y\gVf c7D8m|][Y\zwgkfctm<U\ gkel]4ciUX[F['Y\zoxTk]WY\TZxCfhzlWelU\«fqg] ]+cigZmfhzCUDT#.
['Y\gkfqUXzFoU+4mf mn:Tk]+mA]tzwgk]+x<¥o©2elf m2]tzoY+v:ph]}m-oU+RmA]+cij:TVfhgAFn:TVUU\sm?ugVeoY\gfmiuCUDTY+zC
noUDphf c? e:f cde*gVe:]n:TkUDWXTdY+[F[F]tT¦[Yt ctY+Tk]gkU xw]8oz:]ugVe:]#nlTkUU\am|lm|gV]t[ ctY+z vo]
j£m|]+xFgkUxw]tgk]tTV[Ffhzl]fº¸gkel]nlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F]¦m|gdY+gk]HY\g4mAUX[F]4noUXfqzCg4mVY\gkfm 8o]}m2gke:fm2nUDphfci¥
z n£Y\TkgVf cijlp Y\TVphu¸Ytgk]tTyciUXzomAf xC]TkfhzlW3e:U+%Yn:TVUwci]+mkmC' #.Y3TV]t[FUDgk]n:TkUwci]}mkm
¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}miu2]4fhpqp:jom|]aYa]+Y79]T/fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDzoU+§ciUXzomAf mAgk]tzoc?.gkUHctY\nlgkj:TV]fhzwgk]tT.
nlTkUwci]+mVmfhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXz oU+4mi¥/ª]+cigkfqUXz m|e:U+4mgVe:]#jlz:f58 cY\gkfqUXz U+UDj:T.Y+n:n:TVUYXcde
Y+zoxFgke:]¦gkTdYDxCfhgVfhUDzoY\p8m|]+cijlTkfhgA.pq]t¡]tpoY+n:n:TkUªYXcdegkUfqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDz oU+ Y\zoxY+p m|UHgkeoY+g
£U\ noUDphf c?fh]+m[Ytvo]]~Cn:TV]+mkmA]+x#fqzFciUªY\TZm|]tTgk]tTV[mgkeoY+zFfhzwgk]tT.É¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]4gkTZY\zomA[Ff m;.
mAfhUDzomi¥w©2e:]noY+no]tTÒm2ciUDzociphj£m|fhUDzomY+Tk]¦ciUXzwgdY+fhz:]+xfqzFmA]+cigVfhUXz Y+phUXzlWfhgVeYphUU%9^Y\g
TV]tp Y+gk]+xUXT9<¥Db UXTV[Y\p+Ajom|gVf58 cY\gkfqUXz.U+gkel]4m|]t[Y+zCgVf ctm<fmWXfq¡]tzfqz.gke:]4Y+n:no]tzoxCfq~<¥
&' )( +4,./+( 0 ¤ ('/, 12345
¬wSV0\iUªY\TV]%4g6fm/gVe:]n£Y\TdY+phpq]tpon:TkUDWXTdY+[F[Ffqz:Wp Y+z:WXj£Y\WX] e:fcÐe.fm2Y+zoY\pq:mA]+x UXT
fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDzoU+¯fhzgkel]LUDphphU+fqz:WHxCf mVcijomkmAfhUDz¥w©2e:]['Y\fhzxw]+cip Y+TdY+gkfhUDzom5Y\TV]WDfh¡]tz
fqzgke:]UXpqphU+fhzlW.gdY\vlph]¥
"!$##&%%(')'''''*%%+, -!$##/. 021436571987:
!$## ;+$! =<?>;+$! =@?>BADC(EF<?>BADC(EG@ 02143$HIKJJ
;+$! LM,NPORQM,NN$MSGO TIH$UV8148WYXZ3[J
ADC(E AD7C\C(#]Q^_`aQbcKdeQf$gihjkQ7ORVmlmQAnC(EB>ADC(E H637:a:o8[TJ
ADC\C(# #4Kp,EqQ$!rO H637:a:os[,XZH687WYX3[
#4Kp,E ut,l JvIw[,T
$!rO =x?O 14I6HI$XZy$I
^/` 7z,6E{|AnC(EG<}>~z,6E{ADC(EG@k. 8UVWYI$1[,8WYXZy$I
bcKd *z,6E{ADC EG<>~z,6E{AnC(ER@k. 14I40"IwWYXWYXZy$I
z,6E Q*AD7C\C(# 5s814T
e:]Tk]e(m|fqWXz:f]8o]+mO1t]tTkU¤UXT.[FUDTk]Tk]tno]tgVfhgVfhUXz£mU\¦gkel]F]tzocipqUmA]+x m|wzwgdYXc?gkf cY\p
jlz:fhgZmiu ¡wm|gdY+zox:m/UDTY¡DY\TVf Y\vlph]4UXTYpqf mAg/U+¸¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]+miu: XUXT-Y\zFfqzCgV]tWX]tT5]t~wn:TV]+m.
mAfhUDz3Y+zox UDTY2UUDph]+Y+z3]t~wn:Tk]}mkm|fqUXz¥
b ¬wS n:TkUDWXTdY+[F[F]-ciUXzwgdY+fhzomY8o~w]+xzwj:[v]TU\nlTkUwci]+mVm|]+m?uX]+YDcÐe.fxC]tzwgkf58£]+xvC
YcdeoY\TZYXcigV]tTmAgkTVfhz:W pY\vo]tpq¥o©2e:f m pY\vo]tp :[YtFY+p m|U^v]yY\z)Y+TkTdYte:]tTV]gVe:]]tzwgkTV
pY\vo]tp 0 64zoY\[^]+m#Y n:TVUwci]+mVm'elf cde eoYXmFgkel])mkY\[^])ciUwxC])YXmgke:] UDgke:]TFn:TkUwc?]+mkmA]+m
z£Y\[F]+x fqz¯gkel])Y\TkTZYt¥2STVUwci]+mkmA]+mFciUD[F[j:z:fqctY\gV]Fvw gAU%.Yt [R6 A/]}YXcde
nlTkUwci]+mVm#zoY+[F]+m.gke:] n:TVUwci]+mVm#gkeoY+gFfhgY+zCgZm#gkU¨ciUD[F[j:z:fqctY\gV]FfhgVeI5e:]tz UXzl]
n£Y\TkgAfhzFgVe:]¦ciUX[F[j:z:fctY\gVfhUDz]t~w]+cij:gV]+mfhgZm2ciUD[F[#jlz:f ctY+gkfUXzc?UX[F[Y+zox<uXfqg5v:phUwc'9:m
jlzCgVfhp:gVe:]noY\TVgkz:]T/nlTkUwci]+mVmf mTk]+YDxCgVU ]t~C]}cij:gk]fhgZm/c?UX[F[j:z:fciY+gkfhUDz¥+©2e:]] ]+c?g/U+
gVe:].c?UX[F[j:z:fctY\gVfhUXz^f mgkUYDmkm|fqWXz gVe:]¡DY\pqj:]U+gke:]H]t~CnlTk]+mVm|fhUDz ]t¡DY\pqjoY\gV]+xfqz3gkel]
mA]tzoxCfqz:WnlTkUwci]+mVm2gkU.gVe:]¡DY\TVf Y\vlph]fqzFgke:]¦Tk]+ci]fh¡wfhz:W n:TVUwci]+mkm2z£Y\[F]+x.fhz^gke:]TV]+ci]tfq¡]
©2e:] Y+phgV]tTkzoY+gkfq¡]3Y+zox Tk]tno]tgVfhgkfq¡]ciUD[F[Y\z£x:m.ciUXz£m|f mAg#U+HUXz:] UDTF[FUXTV]WXjoY+Tdx
vlTdY\z£cÐenoY+fhTdm?¥<b°WDjoY\TZxf mY2UUXpq]+Y\z¤]t~wn:Tk]+mVm|fqUXzuoY.ciUD[F[j:z:f cY\gkfqUXzom5ciUD[F[Y+zox
UDT.Y 2UUXph]}Y\z ]t~wn:TV]+mkmAfhUXz UXpqphU+2]}xvw)Y3ciUD[F[j:z:fqctY\gVfhUDz¥<b¹WXj£Y\Tdx)f m
!7'!$&
fVu UDTY+z3]t~wn:Tk]}mkm|fqUXzuwfhg]t¡DY+phjoY+gk]+m2gVU#gVTkj:]ulY\zoxFUXT¦Y#c?UX[F[j:z:fqctY+gkfhUDzuXgVe:] n:TkU`.
c?]+mkm5zoY\[F]}x#fhzFgVe:]HciUX[^[Y\zoxfm2Tk]+YDxCgkUciUD[F[#jlz:f ctY+gk]¥`K:UXTWDjoY\TZx:mc?UXzomAf m|gVfhz:W
U+vUDgke«Y 2UUXph]}Y\z)]t~CnlTk]+mVm|fhUDz)Y\zox)YFciUD[F[j:z:f cY\gkfqUXzomc?UX[F[Y+zox<uwgke:].]t~wn:TV]+m.
mAfhUDz¯[jom|g.vo]3gVTkj:]¤Y+zox¯gke:]n:TVUwci]+mVm#zoY\[^]+x*fhz¨gke:]¤WXjoY+Tdx«[#jomAg.vo]3Tk]}YXxC«gkU
c?UX[F[j:z:fciY+gk]UXTgkel]WDjoY\TZxgVU#vo] noYXmVmkY+v:ph]¥
e:]tz¼Y\z Y+phgV]tTkzoY+gkfq¡]c?UX[F[Y+zox#fmL]t~w]+cijlgk]+x<uoY.v:TZY\zocde3e:Uªm|].WDjoY\TZx3f mnoYXm;.
mVY\v:pq] f mFcde:Uªm|]tz¥ÉH[FUXTV]gVeoY\z§UXzl] WXjoY+Tdx f m#noYDmkmVY\v:pq]u2gkel]tz§Y\zw¯UDz:] U\Hgkel]
c?UXTkTV]+m|noUDzoxCfhzlWFv:TdY+zocde:]+mctY+z3vo]]t~w]+cijlgk]+x<¥lÉz:UWXj£Y\TdxlmY\TV]noYDmkmkY+v:ph].gVe:]tzgkel]
nlTkUwci]+mVmv:phUwc'9:m¸j:zCgVfhp:UDz:]U\8gke:]4c?UX[F[j:z:fctY\gVfhUXz WDjoY\TZx:mv]}ciUX[F]}mnoYXmVmkY+v:ph]d.<j:z/.
pq]+mkm¸gke:]tTV]4Y\TV]z:UHciUX[F[j:z:fqctY+gkfqUXz WXjoY+Tdx:mUDT/gVe:]n:TVUwci]+mkmA]+mzoY\[^]+xfqz.gke:]WDjoY\TZx:m
Y+Tk]4gk]tTV[Ffhz£Y\gk]}x<u\fqz#elf cdeFctYDm|]gVe:]¦ciUX[F['Y\zoxsY\fhpm5Y\zox#gVe:]4n:TkUwci]}mkm/gV]tTk[^fhzoY+gk]+m?¥
J4z ]+YXcde¯fqgk]tTZY\gkfqUXz¨U\Hgke:]¤Tk]tno]tgVfhgVfh¡]¤ciUX[^[Y\zox uY*v:TZY\zocde e:Uªm|] WXj£Y\Tdx f m
n£YXmkmVY\v:pq]f m]~C]+c?j:gk]+x ¥É4[FUXTV]#gVeoY\z UDz:]WXjoY+Tdx f m noYXmVmkY+v:ph]u¸gke:]z phf&9] UDTgkel]
Y+phgV]tTkzoY+gkfq¡]uY\zw)UXz:]FU+gVe:]Fv:TZY\zocde:]+mfmcde:UmA]tz¥ el]tz z:U¤WXjoY+Tdx f m noYXmVmkY\vlph]
gVe:]HciUX[^[Y\zox.gk]Tk[FfqzoY\gV]+m2Y+zoxFgke:] n:TVUwci]+mkm4ciUDzCgVfhzwj:]+mi¥
-
(¼L ,./'( tH! \( ¤ (5t,H1202,# y
©2e:]tTV] Y\TV]gA2Uycip YDmkm|]}mLU+fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXzoU+4mLfqzFn:TkUDWXTZY\[F[F]}mi¥wbz¤YXmVm|fhWDz:[F]tzwg
c?UX[F[Y+zoxctY\j£m|]+mY^· +²CX oU+ U+fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDzTVUX[ gVe:]¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}mY\n:no]+Y+Tkfqz:W
UDz gke:]HTkfqWXewgeoY+zox m|fxC].U\ gke:]CBAOD5UXno]tTZY\gkUDT gkUFgVe:]¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]HUXz gkel].ph]igeoY+zox
mAf xC]ª¥C©2elf m/fm/vo]+ctY+jom|]¦gke:]fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDz#fqz#]+YDcÐe^U\¸gkel]TkfqWXewg/e£Y\zoxm|fxC]UDn]TdY\z£x:m
cY\zfhzCojl]tzoci]vw.ctY+jom|fqz:W ¡DY\Tkfq]tgAfqz.gke:]pq]igeoY+zoxFm|fxC]¡DY\TVf Y\vlph] 0¬5UDe:]tz(4`46s¥C©2el]
fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUDzFgkeoY+g-YXmfhzgkel]xw]+m|gVfhzoY+gkfhUDz¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]fm2phUªm|gt¥
¬5UXzoxwfhgkfqUXzoY+pwciUX[^[Y\zoxlmfhzwgkTVUwxCjoci]Y2z:]«cip YDmkm<U+:oU+4me0]tz:zlfhz:W4+76s¥+©2e:]sYXcig
gVeoY\g4YHciUX[^[Y\zoxfm2ciUDzoxCfqgkfhUDzoY\pqph.]t~w]+cijlgk]+x.gkTZY\zom]tTdm2fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXzgkUY+zFUXv£m|]tT.
¡]TUXz gkel]¡DY\pqj:]U+2gVe:].c?UX[F[Y+zox#WDjoY\TZx<¥¬5UXz£m|f xw]tTgkel]UXpqphU+fhzlW#n:TVUXWDTdY\[^[F]
mA]tWX[^]tzCg¥*] jomA]Y.[j:phgVfhn:pq]4YXmkmAfhWDz:[F]tzwg/UDTv:TV]t¡wfhgA(I`BD5fmm|UD[F]]t~wn:Tk]}mkm|fqUXzA
A`BD'I
A
I
0 §
A _
A°_O6
ÉmAUX[F]tUDz:]d9Cz:U+4m5gke:]nlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F]gk]~Cggke:]tz8u vwfhzomAn]}cigkfqz:W]tfqgke:]T
UXT
Ytgk]tT
nlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F]]t~w]+cij:gVfhUDzuwm|UX[^]tUXz:]¦ctY+z 9CzlU\ el]tgke:]T YDme1t]tTkU UDTz:UXg¥:©2e:fm/f m
Y+z*]~:Y+[Fn:ph] U+4Y\z)fh[^n:phfcifhg5oU+ 0#4]tz:z:fqz:WR4}765UXT eoY+g].fhpqp[FUXTV]WD]tz:]tTZY\phpq
TV]i]tTgkU^YXm4Y\z ¸· +²CXoU+ ¥
©2e:f m mA]+cigkfqUXz ]t~lY\[^fhz:]+mgkel]#fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXz3£U\4m] ]+c?gk]+x vC¤gke:]n:TVfhzocifqnoY\p m|].
»j:]tzwgkfY\p c?UXzomAgkTkj£cigdmC.FYDmkm|fqWXz:[^]tzCg¤Y+zox gkel]«Y\pqgk]tTVzoY\gVfh¡])Y\z£x Tk]tno]tgVfhgVfh¡])ciUD[ .
['Y\zox:m?¥:©2e:]Hz:UXgZY\gVfhUXz¤jom|]}x'gVe:TkUDj:WXelUXj:ggVe:] noY\no]tT4f m2]~Cn:pY\fqz:]+x#vo]iUDTk]teoY+zox<¥
*]O8oTdmAgkpqzl]t]+x3mAUX[F]HYtU\Tk]n:Tk]+mA]tzwgkfhzlW#gVe:].mA]tgU\ ¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]+mfhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXz
c?UXzoci]Tkz:fqz:We:f cde eoYXmoU+z*gVU:uUXT fqzCoj:]tz£ci]+x<uY¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]¥ *]^ctY\pqpgkelf m m|]tg
gVe:]Ht²w d³£:É:² U+ou:xC]z:UXgV]+x :¥
zoxCfhTV]+cigoU+4m4Y\Tk]¦[FUwxC]tpq]+x#vw#gVe:]W [ o¡DY\TVf Y\vlph]O.5xC]8£z:]+xFYDmY.mA]+» jl]tzoci]
U+m|]gdm2U\¡DY\TVf Y\vlph]+mA
c A(B
c !%D#"
Be:]tTV]°f m/gVe:]¦®Xm|]gU\s®UDno]tTdY+gkUXT4Y+zox " mAgdY\z£x:m/UXTgVe:]mA]tg2U+zlUXzF. 1t]tTVUph]z:WXgVe
mA]+»j:]tzoci]}mi¥5D©2el]]t[Fnlg|^UXTz:fqpfhzoxwfhTk]}cigf m\%$'&H¥o©2e:].UXno]tTZY\gVUXTdmUDz (c )
Y+Tk] z:U+°]t~wn:pY\fhzl]+x<¥
©2e:]¡DY\phjl]U+ gkel]'£U\1U\+ [ uxw]tz:UXgV]+x*
+
B9(c )D4fmgke:]¤m|]g.U\aY\php
¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}m2fhzgke:] fqzoxCfhTV]+cig¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]¥:<]tga c ,)B4D xC]tz:UDgk] gkel] .-0/U+13]tzwgkTkfq]+mA
B42(c 'D
%3547698
:<;>=
(c )B4D
el]tTk]?3)fm/gkel] m|]tgj:z:fqUXzFUDn]TdY\gVUXT¥<fhzoc?]o c fm AjomAgY.mA]+» jl]tzoci] BÉU+m|]tgZmDdu
]YXmVm|j:[F]gkel]A@
FBDZuB
BD-Y\zox)ciUXz£ctY\gV]tzoY\gVfhUDz BDC D4UXno]tTZY\gVUXTdm?¥b¹mA]tg U\¡DY.
TVf Y+v:ph]+mFE [YtFY+p m|Uvo].YDx:xC]+x3gVU:u YXmUXn:noUmA]+x3gkU'ciUXzocY\gk]zoY\gV]+xfqgkeu c ?¥
©2elf mf m4xCUXz:].fqgke¤gke:]G«UXno]tTdY+gkUDTt¥©2e:]ym|]tgE¹fmmA]tgjlz:fhUDz:]+xfqgke¤]+YXcde3]tzwgkTV
fqzgke:]( c ,)m|]+»j:]tz£ci]¥
EHG ( c )
IC 4J6K8
:L;>=
B#E%3m(c )B4D D
K¸fhzoY+phphªu ]Ffhpqp2z:]]+x Y\z¨UXno]tTZY\gkUDT UDTciUX[v:fqz:fhz:WgA2U (c )¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+m gkU`.
WD]tgkel]tTt¥©2el]#UDn]TdY\gVUXTHf m?M¥ UXgV]#gVeoY\g fqgf mz:UDzF.c?UX[F[j:gdY+gkfq¡]¥:gdm] ]+c?gf mgkU
YDx:x#jomAfhz:WHgke:]NG*UDno]tTdY+gkUXTgVe:]4¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]+m/fqz#voUXgVe (c )!4gkUgVe:]8oTZm|g (c )
Y+TkWDj:[F]tzwgÒm/]tzwgkTVfh]+mA
c
: M (c )O
B2
+
B4c ,)
:
DP3Q
B4c OD#DPGR2( c
:
©2e:]E<d ? + !%;U\LY#n:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^]fmxC]8£z:]+x YXm8oTZm|gVphuogke:].['Y\n:n:fqz:W
TVUX[N]+YXcde.¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]gkU fhgZmm|]}cij:TkfqgA¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]4Y+zoxFmA]+ciUXz£xCphu+gkel]¡XY+phj:]U+D c ?¥
)]^m|gkTV]+mkmgVeoY\gHY\pqpgkel]FY+~CfqUX[mY+zox Tkj:pq]+mWXfq¡]tz fhz)gkelf mnoY\no]tTHY+Tk]fhz gk]Tk[mU+
gVe:]£U\ m|]+cijlTkfhgAmAgdY+gk]u ¶:Hgke:]j:zoc?gkfhUDzoY\pm|gZY\gV] BÉ['Y\n:n:fqz:W.TkUX["¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+mgkU
¡DY+phj:]+m'Dd¥: e:]z xC]+mVciTkfqv:fhzlW.gke:]Hv]eoYt¡CfqUXj:T4U\5gVe:]HciUX[^[Y\zoxg|wno]+mfhgkeTV]+m|no]+cig
gVU«gke:]3oU+ m|]+cijlTkfhgA¨m|gZY\gV]u2] fhpqpj£m|]Y\z§UXno]tTdY+gkfqUXzoY+pz:UDgdY\gVfhUDz°mAfh[Ffqp Y\TgkU
0SphUXg9CfqzHgX6¥©2e:]oU+«m|]t['Y\zwgkf cmY+Tk]xC]8£z:]+x YXm¸YLgVTdY+zom|fqgkfhUDz Tk]tpY\gkfqUXzH® ¨®e:fcÐe
['Y\nomHY3n:TkUDWXTdY+[F[F]^m|]tWD[F]tzwgHY\zox«m|gZY\gV]n£Y\fhTHgkU)Y+z:UXgVe:]tTt¥5©2el]fqzCgV]tTknlTk]tgZY\gkfqUXz
WDfh¡]tzbB
8
u D BtuUDf mgkeoY+ggkel]]t~w]+cij:gVfhUDz3U\ gke:]ciUD[F[Y+zoxFm|]}» j:]zoci]
8
fqzm|gZY\gV] 3ph]+YDx:m2gkUyY.m|gZY\gk] TkUD[e:f cdegke:] c?UX[F[Y+zox.m|]}» j:]zoci]2]t~w]+cijlgk]+m?¥
¬5UD[FnoUmAfhgkfqUXzf mmAno]+cif58£]+xFfhgkegVe:]UXphpqU+fhz:W.TVj:ph] A
B
8
u D B?uHD
B
8
I?u D BiuUD
el]tTk]-xC]tz:UDgk]+m2gVe:] ]t[Fn:gAciUD[F[Y\z£x#mA]+» jl]tzoci]¥
! #"5$% &
©2e:]ciUD[F[Y\z£x(' A ]~CnB
8
*)+),),)+) -
D4eoYDmagVe:].] ]+cig¦U\4mA]tgkgVfhz:W^gke:]mA]+cij:TVfhgA
¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph] '#gVU
$
:/.
R_
),)10
& 3H$
:2.
_
)+)30
& 3
B42( c 'D
©2el]gV]tTk[ $ : . _
),)10
&¤ctY\n:gVj:Tk]}mgkel]'sYDciggVeoY\g.gVe:]F¡DY\pqj:]U\'zlU\1WXfq¡]+m
[^UXTk]¦fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDzY\voUDj:geoY+g-YXm2fhz]+YDcÐe
: ¥
©2e:]gV]tTk[ $ : . R_
)+)30
& cY\n:gVj:Tk]gVe:]gVTdY\z£m|fhgVfh¡wfhgAU+gVe:]fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXz.oU+4mi¥
K:UDT]t~lY\[Fn:pq]u:gkel]n:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^]C0
A
IP*A
6ctY\j£m|]+m Y oU+RTkUX[ ¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]
Y+zox
gkU.¡DY\TVf Y\vlph]N m|fhz£ci]ciUDzCgZY\fqzomLgVe:] ¡DY\phjl]U+voUDgke
Y\zox
¥
¬5UXzomAgdY+zCgZmY+Tk]HfhWXzlUXTk]}x3fhz3gVe:]£U\NctY+p cijlphjom4m|fqzoci] gke:]WDfh¡]Hz:UFfhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXz
c?UXzoci]Tkz:fqz:WgVe:]2¡DY+phj:]+mU\£¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]+mi¥D©2e:]tfqTmA]+cij:TVfhgA¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]f m¸Y\pqYt:mgkel]2]t[Fnlg|
mA]tg$'&¥o©2ewjom2gke:]HYDmkm|fqWXz:[^]tzCg
A¦.m|]tgZm
gkU
+
B4 c ,)'Dd¥
bm[F]zCgVfhUXzl]+x<u,
+
B9( c )DoelUXp xlm gVe:]¡DY\pqj:]2U+gkel]fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDzoU+4me:fcÐe
gVe:]4ph]ig5eoY+zoxm|f xw]¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]4fhpqpfqzoxCfqTk]+cigVphHTk]+ci]fh¡]¥+zoxCfqTk]+c?g £U\4mY\TV]phUU`9]+xFY\g
mAe:UXTVgkpqFfhzgkel]c?UXzwgk]t~wgU\gke:] TV]tno]tgkfqgkfh¡]¦Y\z£x3Y\pqgk]tTVzoY\gVfh¡] c?UX[F[Y+zox<¥
bTk]+mAj:phgHU\ gVe:f m.Y+n:n:TkUªYXcde¯fmgkeoY+gFY ¡DY\TkfY\v:pq] [Yt vo] Y [F]t[.vo]tT U\¦gkel]
mA]+cij:TVfhgA ¡DY\TkfY\v:pq] ' ]t¡]tz.gVe:UXj:WDe4'cY\z:z:UDg2vo]jomA]+x gVUfqzC]tTgVe:]4cij:TVTk]tzwg¡DY\pqj:]U+
IoYm|j:v£m|]+»j:]tzwg4YXmVm|fhWDz:[F]tzwg2['Y}eoYt¡] Y+phgk]Tk]+x ¥o©2e:f m2fmLfqzCgV]tzwgkfhUDzoY\ps¥wbm2phUDz:W
YDm gVe:]¤cij:TVTk]tzwg¡DY\pqj:]U\5')f mj:zoc?gkfhUDzoY\pqphxC]tno]tzoxw]tzCg.UDz Y Bn]TkeoY+nomyUDTk[F]TD
¡DY+phj:].U+ u<gkel]tz fqphpvo].fqz ':¥<)]^Y\Tk].gVTkwfhz:W^gkU[FUwxC]tp¸gkel] sYDciggke£Y\g5'eoYDm
TV]+ci]tfq¡]+xFfhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXzUDTk[ Ym|UDj:Tdci].elf cde3[YtFvo]UXTVv:f xlxC]tz gkU^fhgtu eoY\gV]t¡]tT
gVe:]cijlTkTk]zCgHfhzCUDTk[Y+gkfhUDz«ciUDzCgV]tzCgHU\¦gkeoY+gm|UDj:Tdci]ª¥=J c?UXj:TZm|]u¸e:]tz 'fmTV]+m|]tg
UDT gdY79]}mY\z«YDmkmAfhWXzl[F]tzwgz:UDg fhzw¡UXph¡wfhzlW u<gVe:]tz fmazlUpqUXz:WD]tT [F]t[.vo]tTU+gkel]
mA]+cij:TVfhgA¡XY+TkfY\v:pq] 'FmAfhzoci]5' Þm2z:] fqzCUXTV[Y\gVfhUXz¤ciUDzCgV]tzwgf m2fhz£xC]tno]tzoxC]zCgU+dBY+zC
nlTk]t¡wfhUDjomDciUDzCgV]tzwg2U\ ¥
©2e:] ] ]+cigU+5gke:]yYXmVm|fhWDz:[F]tzwg2UDz3gVe:]n:TVUXWDTdY\[^[F]mA]+cij:TVfhgAmAgdY\gV]fmctY\n:gVj:Tk]}x
vwFgVe:]UXphpqU+fhz:WY+~CfqUX[ BZrYp YC0\i4UY\TV]X6 D 8 A
L
;
$HSd0' B$
: . R_
),)10
& 3 $ : . _
),)10
& 3
B42( c 'DD 65&
'+A B 8
*)+),),)+) - D
$S &
el]tTk] +0
6f m4Y.n:Tk]+xwf ctY+gk]]}» j:fq¡DY\ph]zCggkU ]t~lci]tnlggkeoY+g]t¡]tTV TV]t] Uwctcij:T.
TV]tzoci]¦U\5gVe:] ¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]
f m2Tk]n:p YDci]+x#vwF]t~wn:Tk]}mkm|fqUXz
¥
K:UXT¦Y\TkTZYt¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}miu:UXzl]ciUXj:pxFfh[Y+WXfhzl]e£Y}¡wfhzlWFYm|]+c?j:Tkfqg|^¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]aUDT]}YXcde
]ph]t[F]zCg¥K:TkUX[ gkel]noUDfhzwg.U\ ¡wfh]t¹U+HY m|gZY\gVf cm|]+c?j:Tkfqg|Y\z£Y\phlm|fmgke:UDj:WXe8ufhg.f m
]}YXm|fq]tT.gkU YXmkmAfhWDz Y)m|fhzlWXph]oU+¡DY\TVf Y\vlph]3gVU*gVe:]e:UXpq] Y+TkTdYt¥ K:UXTY+z§Y\TkTZYt
u
fqzoxC]t~H¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]]Y\zox.¡DY\TVf Y\vlph] Du\gVe:]4YXmVm|fqWXz:[F]zCg
0 6(A gkTZY\zom]tTdmfhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXz
Y+voUXj:g 4Y\zox <gkU
mAfhzoc?]UXz:]¦ctY\z[FUDTk]]+YDm|fhpqfqzC]tT5gke:]¡DY+phj:]4U\¸gVe:]gA2UUXTV[F]tT
¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}mLTkUD[
Ytgk]tT¦gke:]YDmkm|fqWXz:[^]tzCg¥ Bs©2e:].fhz£xC]t~FoU+4mgkU
mAfhzoci]HfhgZm¡DY\phjl]
cY\zvo]9wz:U+zvwFz:UDgkfqz:W#gVe:] fhzoxw]t~#U+5gkel]]ph]t[F]zCgjln<xlY\gk]}xUDd¥
L
;
$HSd0
$
& 3 3 ?3 3
+
B9(c )D6P&
0 6A
$S &
K:UDTgVe:].UXnlnUªm|fqgk]^YXmkmAfhWDz:[F]tzwgtu A
0 6u:gVe:]tTV].f mYxCfqTk]+cig4oU+ TkUD[ ¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+m
Y+zoxe/gVU D¥ ©2e:]¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]
£U\4m¦m|fhz£ci] UXz:]yxCf mVciU+¡]tTdm[FUXTV]HY\voUXj:g¦fhgIoU+4m
vo]+cY\jomA]UDz:] ctY+zC9Cz:U+ e:fcÐe'Y\TkTZYt#]tpq]t[F]tzwg¸YXmYDmkmAfhWXzl]+x#TkUX[%gke:]zl]t ¡DY\phjl]
U+ Du:Y+zoxe:]zoci]gVe:] ¡XY+phj:] U+ k¥
L ; ®
$HS0 $
& 3 3 3
+
B9(c )'D 6P&
EA
0 6
$S &
J¦ciUDj:TdmA]uvoUDgke L ;
Y+zoxfL
;
® Y\TV]Y3mAno]+cif Y+pctYDm|]FU+OL
;
Agkel]ciUX[^[Y\zoxlm
0 6eA Y+zox CA
0 6Y\Tk]]+»j:fh¡DY+ph]tzwggkU
A B
DY+zox WA B
D
TV]+m|no]+c?gkfh¡]ph¥
ÑÞÑ\Ù Î+Ï?ÍßlÎd×2Ù+ÑÞÌAßDÎ?ÌÎd×ߺá?ÙoßÉÌVÜ+ÙÉÌ! ÎdØÉØsÎiÜ\Ì!2Ø5Ø"+ÌAÏÞÙ<ß+Ö+ßÜÙÏÞÕ+Ø<Ø/ÌAÍ4ÕXÎ#
1("5$% &
©2e:]Tkj:pq]UXT.mA]+»j:]tzwgkf Y+p5ciUD[FnoUm|fqgkfqUXzfB#I]DUXphpqU+4mi¥¸Égkel]ciUX[F['Y\zox*o_.]+mAgdY.
vlphf mAe:]+mHY3m|gZY\gV]3mVY\gVf m¢wfhzlW3n:TV]+xCf cY\gk] TVUX[ Y m|gZY\gk]¤SRY\z£x 3]+m|gZY\v:pqf m|el]+m
TVUX[Hu:gVe:]tz o_UXphpqU+2]+x#vw3w.[jom|g5]+mAgdY\vlphf mAe¤Y#mAgdY\gV].mVY\gkfm¢wfhz:W TkUX[ S>A
6 :-: 4
$+S &#o_ $N&uP$N&.w $+&
$+S & £_%Iº $+&
#( ( "5$% &
©2e:]¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]+mfhz Y3WXjoY+Tdx £U\%fhzoxCfqTk]+c?gkph¤fhz«gkel]vlTdY\z£cÐe«e:]tz«fqg]t~w]+cij:gV]+m
mAfhzoc?]]t~w]+cijlgkfhUDzFU\¸gVe:]v:TZY\zocdeF[F]}Y\zom5gkeoY+ggke:]WDjoY\TZxF[#jomAg5v]¦gkTkjl]¥ 3UDTk]tU+¡]tTu
YWXjoY+Tdx vo]tfhzlW3gkTVj:]F[Yt¤fh[Fn:pqgkeoY+g.Y\zlUXgkel]tT.WXjoY+Tdx f mgVTkj:] BUXT sY\p mA]%Dd¥¸©2ewjomiu
] ciUDzom|fxC]tTgke£Y\ggkel]tTk] f mY\z¤fhzoxCfqTk]+c?g £U\ TkUD["Y\pqpWXjoY+Tdx:mgkU.gVe:] v:TdY+zocdeFgkeoY+g
]~C]+c?j:gk]+m?¥ ªfh[Ffqp Y\TVphutf¸Yv:TZY\zocdeFf mz:UDg5]t~C]}cij:gk]}x<u\gVe:]tzFgVe:f m5ciUDj:p x.[F]+Y+z.gkeoY+g5fhgdm
WDjoY\TZx*f msY+p m|]^Y\z£x*gke:]Tk]iUDTk].UXgVe:]tT WXj£Y\Tdxlm.Y\Tk]gkTVj:] BÉUXTsY+p m|]`Dd¥¸©2eCj£miugke:]Tk].f m
Y+z fhzoxwfhTk]}cigL£U\°TVUX[ Y+phpWDjoY\TZx:mgkUY+php¸v:TdY+zocde:]+me:fcÐe)Y+Tk].z:UDg]t~w]+cij:gV]+x<¥obm
Y+z3]t~lY\[^n:ph]4U\gke:fmiuociUDzom|fxC]tTgVe:]UXphpqU+fhz:W.n:TVUXWDTdY\[^[F]mA]tWX[^]tzCg¥
'+A
RI
0RN AV4 I ' A
¶:*N ' A *6 I
0 4 8 ' §
§ d6 I
zFgVe:] mA]+ciUXz£xY+phgV]tTkzoY+gkfq¡]ciUD[F[Y+zox<uXgVe:]]t~w]+cij:gVfhUDzFU\Y+zCFvlTdY\z£cÐeFWDfh¡]+m5fhzCUDT#.
['Y\gkfqUXzFUDz¤Y\php U\gke:]¦WXjoY+Tdx:m?¥<©2eoY+gf m?uCfº2
8
]~C]+c?j:gk]+m5gke:]zFgke:]HciUDzoxCfqgkfhUDz 4
[jomAg/e£Y}¡]¦v]]tzgkTkjl]¥¬5UDzom|]+»j:]tzwgkpqu2]E9wz:U+§gkeoY+g ' fmTkUX[%gke:]8£Tdm|g4Y+phgV]tT#.
z£Y\gkfq¡]m|gZY\gk][F]tzwgt¥ ©2e:f mfhzwUXTk['Y\gkfqUXz fmY+p mAU3xwf mkc?]tTkz:fqv:ph]HvC UDvom|]Tk¡wfhz:Wgke£Y\g
e£YXm2z:UDg2]t~w]+cij:gV]+x<¥ :~w]+cij:gVfhUDz#U+2fh[Fn:pqfh]+mgke£Y\g fm=1t]tTVUHY\zoxFgke£Y\g2gVe:]tTV]iUXTV] '
fm5mAfhzoc?]gke:]4mA]+ciUXz£x v:TZY\zocde[#jomAge£Y}¡]]~C]+c?j:gk]+xfqz.gke:]4n:TV]+ci]+xCfqz:W Y+phgk]TkzoY+gkfh¡]ª¥
©2e:]v]eoYt¡CfqUXj:TU+4Y¤m|]+cijlTk]Y\pqgk]tTVzoY\gVfh¡]yciUX[F['Y\zoxfhgke TV]+m|no]+c?ggVUgke:].oU+
mA]+cij:TVfhgA^m|gdY+gk]HctY+z3vo]HxC]+mkc?Tkfhvo]+xYDm-UDphphU+4m?¥FK:UXT¦YWXfq¡]tzFoU+°mA]+cij:TVfhgAFmAgdY+gk]u
B 0
Ï "!?àÞà$#
: :
I#6u D B &%5·¸C+²'UI : I&%5·¸C+²)(<u1 D
el]tTk]
*%5·C}²+'
2(c dA%$N 3 .
, .-
/10
& C(c )I
A
3 $? 3 . 2, .-
//0
&3
, @ ! cJ!
*%5·C}²4(
2(c dA
B9( c )D
@ !
cJ!f mgVe:]mA]tg2U+¸¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]+m5Y\n:no]+Y+Tkfqz:WUDzFgke:]4ph]?g/e£Y\zoxFmAf xC]4U\¸gVe:] A UDn].
TZY\gVUXTfhz^gke:]vlTdY\z£cÐe:]}m/U\gkel] ciUX[^[Y\zoxI .-
//0
f m2gVe:] mA]tg2U+¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+mY\n:no]+Y+Tkfqz:W
©2e:]gkTdY+zom|fqgkfqUXz)f m]+YXmAfhpq3]t~wn:p Y+fhz:]}x<¥<©2el]#fqzoxCfhTV]+cig£U\4mTVUX[ gkel]FciUD[F[Y+zox
WDjoY\TZx:m]~Cfm|gUDz:ph)xCjlTkfhzlWgVe:]ciUD[F[Y\z£xvoUwxC¥¸©2ewjomiuD c ,)4f mj:n x:Y\gV]+x UXz
]zCgVTk B &%5·¸C+²' D5fqgke¤gke:]Hz:]t°fqzoxCfhTV]+cig5oU+ ¡DY+phj:] e:fcÐef mTk][FU+¡]+x#UXz¤]t~wfhg
B &%5·¸C+²)(HDd¥<fqzoci] gke:]H¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]+m2fhz¤gke:] v:TZY\zocde:]+mz:UDg]t~w]+cij:gV]+xFxCUz:UXgam|]t] gkel]
]<]}cigdmU\ c ,)?u+Y\pqpC¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+mgke£Y\g5ctY+z.Tk]+c?]tfh¡]5YDmkmAfhWXzl[F]tzwgdm<fhzHgke:]-ciUX[^[Y\zox u
@ !
cJ!ueoYt¡]Fgke:]fhTm|]}cij:TkfqgA*¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+mjln<xlY\gk]}x¯fhgke«gVe:]FoU+¡DY\phjl]U+ gkel]
WDjoY\TZx¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+m2UDz3]tzwgkTV B &%5·¸C+²'FDd¥
b*Tkjlph]xC]+mVciTkfqv:fhz:Wgke:]mA]t[Y\zwgkfctm:U\lgke:]Y+phgk]TkzoY+gkfh¡]ciUD[F[Y\z£xLfm<gke:]UXpqphU+fhzlW:¥
)] ph]tg .-
//0
$J 3 .
, .-
/10
& I
6 0 -
4
-
:
S 0(c )$ .-
/10
C ( c )iu
3 .-
/10
3 , @ ! cJ!6u
3D _
),)10
$ & :
$H© &u
© k02( c
B42( c 'D6
$S & 0 8 8
¥q¥h¥h¥q¥h¥
- -
6$ %&
©2el]TVj:ph]fmWX]+Y+Tk]+x.gkU+-Y\Tdxlm oU+ mA]+cij:TVfhgA n:TkUU+smi¥/i]tzoci]ªu\UDz:]-Y\zwgdm5Yn:Tk]}xCf ctY+gk]
gke£Y\gf m5]+m|gZY\v:pqf mAe:]+x#z:U.['Y\gkgV]tT2elf cdeFU\¸gVe:]HciUX[F['Y\zoxv:TZY\zocde:]+m
:
f m2]~C]+c?jF.
gV]+x<¥og¦m|e:UDj:p x3vo]TV].]t[Fn:eoYDm|fm|]+xFgke£Y\g4gke:]HTkj:pq].mkYtlmLzlUXgkelfhz:WY+voUXj:ggVe:]¡DY+phj:]+m
U+5gkel]c?UX[F[Y+zox.WXjoY+Tdx:m4m|fqzoci] fhg-xC]+Y\pmLUDz:ph^fhgkegVe:]oU+°mA]+cij:TVfhgAFmAgdY+gk]¥
Kfhz£Y\phpquz:UXgV]gkeoY+g#gVe:]¤ctYXmA]U+gVe:]n:TkUwc?]+mkmgV]tTk[FfqzoY\gVfhz:W¼xCj:]gkU)Y+phpWDjoY\TZx:m
sY+fhpqfhz:W¤f mz:UDgFxC]}Y\phg.fqgke¥5jocde¨Y\z«]t¡]tzwg.xCU]}m z:UDgctY\j£m|]¤Y\zw*oU+4m.v]g|]t]tz
nlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F]¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+m?¥iU+2]t¡]TtudfhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXzHctY\zHvo]2ph]}Y79]+xgVUgVe:]2]zC¡wfhTVUXz:[F]zCg
fqz.YTVj:zwgkfh[^]¡]tTdmAfhUDzU\ gVe:]2oU+ [F]+cdeoY+z:f mA[ ¥d*]TV]tgkj:TVzgVUgke:fm noUDfhzwgfhzym|]+cigVfhUDz
w¥Þw¥
(#/ " % &
L]n]gkfhgVfh¡]ciUD[F[Y+zox:m Y\pm|U)ctY+jom|]fhz£xCfhTV]+cig fhzCUDTk[Y+gkfqUXz oU+4mTkUX[ gke:]F¡DY.
TVf Y+v:ph]+mfqz gkel]WDjoY\TZx:m.gkUY\php¡DY\TkfY\v:pq]+me:fcÐe¨ciUDj:p x noUmVm|fhvlph TV]+ci]tfq¡] oU+4mfqz
gVe:]pqUUXn)voUwxC)m|fqzoci] 2]ctY+z 9wz:U+Rgke:].¡DY\pqj:]U+gke:]HWXjoY+Tdx:mvw]~:Y+[Ffhz:fqz:W.gkel]
¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}m2fhzgke:] pqUUXn .5]t¡]zFfº¸gVe:] phUUXn¼xCU]+mz:UXg4]t~w]+cij:gV]¥
cA
8
BD
*BD I
' [ [ [/ [;[U ) !%7 !%$]
'
eA
I
0
' ' A ' _
c
H eAH _O6I
A _%I
zgkelf m2n:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^] m|]tWD[F]tzwgtugkel]¡DY+phj:]+m2U+'FY+zox 5fhpqp]+»joY\p Y\z£x cTk]}m|no]+c.
3UXTV]tU+¡]tTtuoYDm+0L]fhgk['Y\z(4 g76noUXfqzCgV]+x3UXj:gum|fqzoci]yY\php¡XY+TkfY\v:pq]+mTk]}ci]tfh¡wfhzlWxCfhTV]+cig
£U\4m5Ytgk]tTgVe:]phUUDnFxwUmAU UXzciUDzoxCfhgVfhUDz.gkeoY+g/gVe:]phUUDn#gV]tTk[^fhzoY+gk]+m?utgke:]¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+m
U+ gkel]3phUUDn¯WDjoY\TZx:m oU+fqzoxCfhTV]+cigVph)gkU)gke:]+mA]3¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+m?¥5©2e:f m.f m.vo]+ctY+jom|]¤fhg.f m
9wz:U+z«Ytgk]tT gkel]#pqUUXn gV]tTk[FfqzoY\gVfhUDz gkeoY+gY+php5WXj£Y\Tdxlm.Y\Tk].sY\pm|]¥¸z)gke:]]t~lY\[Fn:pq]
Y+voU\¡]ªu vw UXv£m|]tTV¡Cfqz:W3gVeoY\g
f m#_UXz:]W9Cz:U+4m gkeoY+g ]+»joY+p m' Y+zox cF]+»joY\pm ?¥
¬5UDzom|fxC]tTgVeCj£mLgVe:]vo]teoYt¡wfhUDj:TU\ gke:]HTk]tno]tgVfhgkfq¡]HciUX[F['Y\zox#fqgke¤Tk]+mAn]}ciggVUFgkel]
£U\ m|]+cijlTkfhgAmAgdY\gV]¥
B 0
Ï "!?àÞà$#
: :
I#6u D B &%5·¸C+² 'UI : I&%5·¸C+²)((I0
Ï "!?àÞà$#
: :
I#6u1 DUDTB &%5·¸C+²
u D
el]tTk]
*%5·C}²
c A%$N 3 .
, .-
//0
& Gm c ,)I
A
3 $?3 .
, .-
//0
&
J4z3]}YXcdeFfhgV]tTdY+gkfhUDzU\5gVe:] phUUXn8ugVe:]oU+°¡DY\phjl]U+5gkel]pqUUXn¤WXjoY+TdxfmLnljom|e:]}x
UDzCgVUgkel]]( c )mAgdYXc'9 B*%5·C}²+'FD¸Y+zoxnoUXn:no]+xFY+ggkel]]tzox B*%5·w+²4(HDZ¥\ e:]z
gVe:]pqUUXn 8oz£Y\phpqFgk]Tk[FfqzoY\gV]+miuwgke:]HfhzoxCfqTk]+c?g2oU+ TkUD[ gVe:]pqUUXn)ciUDzoxCfqgkfhUDzomgkU^Y\php
¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}m gVeoY\gciUXjlp xeoYt¡]5Tk]+ci]fh¡]+xY2oU+ fqzgkel]/pqUUXnCB
@ !
cJ!utgkU¦ctY\gV]tT<UXT¸gkel]
cYXm|]el]tz#zlUvlTdY\z£cÐe.]t~w]+cijlgk]+m'DY+zox#Y+php:¡DY+Tkf Y+v:ph]}me:f cdem|jlvom|]+»j:]tzwgkpq Tk]+ci]fh¡]Y
£U\ fm/TV]+ciUXTZxC]+xCB*%5·C}²
Dd¥ UDgk]elU\ gVe:]?G)UXno]tTZY\gVfhUXz^f m/j£m|]+x#fqzom|gV]+YXxU\¸gkel]
C4gVU ctY\nlgkj:TV]gke:]n]Tk[Y+z:]tzoci]U\ gkel]4cÐeoY+z:WX]fqz c I+[FUXTV]tU+¡]tTtu?gke:]zwj:[v]T
U+ ]tzCgVTkfq]+m<fhz c fm gVe:]mVY\[F]UXz.]tzwgkTVY+zox]t~wfhgm|fqzoci]Y+zCHY+Tkv:fqgkTdY+TkHz:]+m|gVfhz:W
mVcÐel]t[F]4U\ Y\phgV]tTkz£Y\gkfq¡] Y\z£xTk]n]gkfhgVfh¡]¦ciUX[^[Y\zoxlm/[jom|gv]HmAj:n:noUXTVgk]+x<¥
b Tkjlph]UXTe:U+°gVe:]Hm|]+c?j:Tk]TV]tno]tgkfqgkfq¡]ciUD[F[Y+zox#fhzwoj:]tzoc?]+m/gVe:]oU+°mA]+cij:TVfhgA
mAgdY+gk] f mA
6 -:-
:
S 0(c )$ .-
/10
C ( c )iu
3 .-
/10
3 , @ ! cJ!6u
Sd0 c ,)
B4c ,)'D 6su
3D _
),)10
$ & :
$yI&u
S k0( c ) .-
//0
G (c )?u
3 .-
1/0
3 , @ ! cJ!6
$HS &/0
8 8
¥h¥q¥h¥q¥h¥
- - 6 $ %&
)]#Aj£m|gkf gkelf mTkjlph]3j£m|fhzlW*gVe:]gkTdY+zom|fqgkfqUXz¯WDfh¡]tz¨Y+vU+¡]¥2ªfhzoci]gVe:] ciUD[F[Y+zox
voUwxC«[Yt vo]]t~w]+cij:gV]+x*Y+zCzCj:[vo]tT U\¦gkfq[F]+miu]Fz:]t]+xY\z¯fqzC¡DY+Tkf Y+zCgHUXz«gkel]
£U\%m|]}cij:TkfqgA)m|gdY+gk]¥S mA]tTk¡]+mHYXmgVe:f mfqzC¡DY\TVf Y+zCg¥ 3UDTk]tU+¡]tTugke:]F[^UwxCf58 cY\gkfqUXzom
gVeoY\g5Uwctc?j:TgkU gVe:]
@ !
cJ!4Y\zoxc ,)¡DY\TVf Y\vlph]+mY+g5gke:]4mAgdY\TVgY\zox.]tzoxU+<]}YXcde
vlTdY\z£cÐe¤Y\pqphU+§Y\z [F[U 5fhzw¡XY+TkfY\zwg gVU.v] ]+mAgdY+v:phfm|e:]+x
¥obLgV]tT2gV]tTk[FfqzoY\gVfhUDzuXgkel]
8£zoY\p[FUwxwf58 ctY+gkfqUXzom2gVU#gVe:]oU+ ¡DY\TVf Y+v:ph]+m2]}m|gdY+v:phfm|e¤Ym|gdY+gk]ymkY\gVf mCfqz:W H¥
×áÎiÜØVÚtØ"+ÏÞß tÌAß× ?ØDÎ?ÌØ2ÖDÌ5Îd×ÏÞ× ?ÎÐÙÏÎd×tØDÔ&+ßØÎdß<Ñ?×Îdß #ÏÒß<ÙÌ&#ÌAßÉØsÎÐÖ+ÑÞÏÒß"+Ì!ÎdØ<Ø\Ì
b n:TVUU\U\gke:] mAUXj:z£xCz:]+mVmY\zoxciUD[Fn:ph]gk]tz:]}mkmU\¸gVe:]n:TVUU\mA:mAgk]t[1f m5WXfh¡]z#fqz
gVe:]HY\n:no]tz£xCfh~Y+phUDz:W.fhgVe3YnlTkUU\ gkeoY+ggke:]Hm|][Y\zwgkfctm5ctY\n:gVj:Tk]HY+php<gVe:] fhzCUDTk[Y.
gVfhUDz'£U\4m?¥
" (# F
©2el]#]t~lY\[^n:ph] 2].fqphpciUXz£m|f xw]tT f mYFphfqv:TdY+Tk¼xC]+ciTVCn:gVfhUDz3n:TVUXWXTZY\[F[^]¥<©2el].n:TkU`.
WDTdY+[F[F]FeoYDm gVe:Tk]]3fhzln:j:gdmY\z£x gA2U)UXj:gVn:j:gZmFYXmFmAe:U+z fhz«gkel] xCfY\WXTZY\[ ¥5©2el]
fqz:n:j:g4c?UXzomAf m|gZmLU+Y.m|gVTkfqz:W#U+5]tzoc?Tkwn:gk]+xgk]t~wgtuwUXTk
Éu8Y 9]t.UXT4xw]+ciTkwnF.
gVfhUDz3Y+zox Yj:z:fqgTZY\gV]elf cdegVe:] jom|]TfmcÐeoY+TkWD]+x'UDT]+YXcde¤cÐeoY+TdYDcigk]tT4xw]+ciTkwn:gV]+x<¥
©2el]UDj:gknlj:gdmY+Tk] gke:]axC]+ciTVCn:gV]+x#gV]t~CguCUDT $! Éu Y\z£x'gVe:]HcÐe£Y\TkWD]UXTgVe:]HxC].
c?Tkwn:gkfqUXz¥o*]YDmkmAj:[F].gke£Y\g gke:]c?ph]+Y+T#.gk]t~wgfmUXjlgkn:j:g gVUgVe:].jomA]tT Y\z£xgVeoY\g gkel]
cdeoY+TkWX] fm2UXj:gVn:j:ggVU.gke:]HphfhvlTdY\TV#U+z:]Tt¥o©U#vo]j£mkY\vlph]u:gVe:] jom|]tT[jomAg2gkTVjom|g4gkel]
nlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F].z:UDggkU¼m|]+c?Tk]tgVph3pq]+Y79 gVe:]cipq]+Y\T.ÉgV]t~wggkU gVe:]#pqfhv:TZY\TV U\zl]tT¡wf YFgkel]
cdeoY+TkWX]}maUDj:gknlj:gt¥jocde)Ypq]+Y79DY+WX]f mgV]tTk[F]}x3Y '
! [F[H'$fhz 0Y+[FnomAUXz(4}76¥
)].fhpqpgkel]tTk]iUDTk]oU+ m|]+cijlTk]nlTkU+¡].gke:]xw]+ciTkwn:gVfhUXz nlTkUXWDTdY+[F[F]uogke:]c?UwxC]#U+
elf cdefm2WXfq¡]tzFvo]tphU+ ¥
Decryption Service
Charge
Cleartext Ciphertext
Key
Unit cost
KfhWDj:Tk]y_%A ]+c?Tkwn:gkfqUXz wcde:]t[Y
LM,NBH81Y5I Iis[XWY>
M,NNwMSDBHwUI81 WYI WHwX0I$1 WYI WY>
H$X0Iw1 WYI WD<kC\$##7?`\,]E$!d`$EF@?>
s[,XZWV< zpr`+6`]!p,# `6p` @?>
H81Y5I] s[,XZWY>
/! >
"
HwX0#I$1 WYI WY$Y.&%mpzV !p,# `6p`?{
Kp,!d`$E#'H$X0I$1 WYI WY(.)c{|H$UVI6871 WYIWY(Y.Vm;*'H$X0I$1 WYIWY(Y.+, I-)>
H81Y57I]VH81Y5I*.!/s[,XZWY>
~1023?Kp,!d`$E#'6HwX0#I$1 WYIWY(Y.4)={|HwUVI681 WYIWY(Y.VHwX0I$1 WYI WY( .>
H81Y57IaH81Y57I5.s[,XZWY>
.>
_V!&.76>