ﺔﯿﺒﻌﺸﻟا ﺔﯿطاﺮﻘﻤﯾﺪﻟا ﺔﯾﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﯾرﻮﮭﻤﺠﻟا
République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire
ةرازو ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا و ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺘﻟا
Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique
Université Mohamed Khider – Biskra
Faculté des Sciences et de la technologie Département : Architecture
Ref :………
ةﺮﻜﺴﺑ ﺮﻀﯿﺧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺎﯿﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا و مﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﯿﻠﻛ
:ﻢﺴﻗ ا ﺔﺳﺪﻨﮭﻟا ﺔﯾرﺎﻤﻌﻤﻟ
:ﻊﺟﺮﻤﻟا
………..
Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention Du diplôme de
Doctorat en sciences en : Architecture
Spécialité (Option) : Architecture
Présentée par :
BENKHALED El hadj
Soutenue publiquement le 02/07/2019
Devant le jury composé de :
Dr. BENABBAS Moussadek Professeur Président Université de Biskra
Dr. MAZOUZ Said Professeur Rapporteur Université de Oum El-Bouaghi
Dr. BADA Yacine Maitre de Conférences ‘A’ Examinateur Université de Biskra Dr. BOUTABBA Hinda Maitre de Conférences ‘A’ Examinateur Université de Msila
لﯾﻛﺷﺗﻟا ﻣﻌﻟا
ﯾﺳﻧﻟ ﻲﻧار ﻪﺗﻗﻼﻋو ﺔﻠﯾﺳﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣ ﺞ
ﻌﯾﺑطﺑ ﺔ
ﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﯾرﺿﺣﻟا ﻲﺿارﻷا
.ءﺎﻧﺑﻠﻟ ﺔ
ﺔﯿﺒﻌﺸﻟا ﺔﯿطاﺮﻘﻤﯾﺪﻟا ﺔﯾﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﯾرﻮﮭﻤﺠﻟا
République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire
ةرازو ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا و ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺘﻟا
Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique
Université Mohamed Khider – Biskra
Faculté des Sciences et de la technologie Département : Architecture
Ref :………
ةﺮﻜﺴﺑ ﺮﻀﯿﺧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺎﯿﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا و مﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﯿﻠﻛ
:ﻢﺴﻗ ا ﺔﺳﺪﻨﮭﻟا ﺔﯾرﺎﻤﻌﻤﻟ
:ﻊﺟﺮﻤﻟا
………..
Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention Du diplôme de
Doctorat en sciences en : Architecture
Spécialité (Option) : Architecture
Présentée par :
BENKHALED El hadj
Soutenue publiquement le 02/07/2019
Devant le jury composé de :
Dr. BENABBAS Moussadek Professeur Président Université de Biskra
Dr. MAZOUZ Said Professeur Rapporteur Université de Oum El-Bouaghi
Dr. BADA Yacine Maitre de Conférences ‘A’ Examinateur Université de Biskra Dr. BOUTABBA Hinda Maitre de Conférences ‘A’ Examinateur Université de Msila
لﯾﻛﺷﺗﻟا ﻣﻌﻟا
ﯾﺳﻧﻟ ﻲﻧار ﻪﺗﻗﻼﻋو ﺔﻠﯾﺳﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣ ﺞ
ﻌﯾﺑطﺑ ﺔ
ﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﯾرﺿﺣﻟا ﻲﺿارﻷا
.ءﺎﻧﺑﻠﻟ ﺔ
تاﺮﻜﺸﺘﻟا و
ءاﺪھﻹا تا
يدﻟاو ﻰﻠﻋو ﻲﻠﻋ تﻣﻌﻧأ ﻲﺗﻟا كﺗﻣﻌﻧ رﻛﺷأ نأ ﻲﻧﻋزوأ بر
نﯾﺣﻟﺎﺻﻟا كدﺎﺑﻋ ﻲﻓ كﺗﻣﺣرﺑ ﻲﻧﻠﺧدأو ﻩﺎﺿرﺗ ًﺎﺣﻟﺎﺻ لﻣﻋأ نأو .
و ﻻوأ أ ارﯾﺧأ رﻛﺷ لﺟو زﻋ ﷲا أ يذﻟا
ﺔﻓرﻌﻣﻟاو مﻠﻌﻟا برد ﺎﻧﻟ رﺎﻧ
و لﻣﻌﻟا اذﻫ مﺎﻣﺗﻹ ﻲﻧﻘﻓو .
ﻪﺟوﺗأ ﺎﻣﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻓرﻋو يرﯾدﻘﺗ قﺋﺎﻓو ﻲﻧﺎﻧﺗﻣاو يرﻛﺷﺑ
، ﻰﻟإ ﻲﻧدﻋﺎﺳ نﻣ لﻛ زﺎﺟﻧإ ﻲﻓ
لﻣﻌﻟا اذﻫ
، و تﺎﺑوﻌﺻ نﻣ ﻩﺎﻧﻬﺟو ﺎﻣ لﯾﻟذﺗ ﻲﻓو وﻟ
ﺔﺑﯾط ﺔﻣﻠﻛﺑ
، رﻛذﻟﺎﺑ صﺧأو :
فرﺷﻣﻟا روﺗﻛدﻟا ذﺎﺗﺳﻻا
دﯾﻌﺳﻟا زوزﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ فارﺷﻹا لﺑﻗ يذﻟا
ﻲﺗﺣورطأ
ةوطﺧﺑ ةوطﺧ ﻲﻧدﻋﺎﺳو ﻹ
ثﺣﺑﻟا اذﻫ مﺎﻣﺗ .
ﻷا ةذﺗﺎﺳ مارﻛﻟا ﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﺟﻟ ءﺎﺿﻋأ ﺔﺷﻗﺎﻧ
ﺎﻧﻣﻟا لوﺑﻘﺑ مﻬﻠﺿﻔﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ و ﺔﺷﻗ
مﻬﺻرﺣ كﻟذ ﻰﻠﻋ
.
نﻣ ﻰﻟإ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺑر
أ ﻲﻧﻣﻠﻋو ﻲﻧدﺷر إ يرﻐﺻ ذﻧﻣ
اذﻫ ﺎﻧﻣوﯾ ﻰﻟ
لﻛ ﻰﻟإ حﺎﺟﻧﻟا ﻰﻟإ قﯾرطﻟا ﻲﻟ رﺎﻧأ نﻣ
.
لوﻗأ ءﻻؤﻫ لﻛ ﻰﻟإ ﺎﻌﯾﻣﺟ مﻛﻟ ارﻛﺷ
...
و دﻣﺣﻟا و رﻛﺷﻟا نﯾﻣﻟﺎﻌﻟا بر ﷲ
.
ﻰﻠﻋ مﻼﺳﻟاو ةﻼﺻﻟاو آ ﻰﻠﻋو دﻣﺣﻣ ﺎﻧدﯾﺳ نﯾﻠﺳرﻣﻟا فرﺷأ
مﻠﺳو ﻪﺑﺣﺻو ﻪﻟ .ﺎﻣﯾﻠﺳﺗ
تاﺮﻜﺸﺘﻟا و
ءاﺪھﻹا تا
:ﻰﻟإ اذﻫ يدﻬﺟ ةرﻣﺛ يدﻫأ
أو ﻲﻣأ ﻲﺑ ظﻔﺣ نﯾزﯾزﻌﻟا ﷲا ﺎﻣﻬ
ﻲﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺑﻌﺗو ارﻬﺳ ناذّﻠﻟا ، و ﻲﺗﯾﺑرﺗ
ﻲﻣﯾﻠﻌﺗ
ﻲﻟوﺻو ﻲﻓ ﺎﺑﺑﺳ ﺎﻧﺎﻛو ﻪﯾﻠﻋ ﺎﻧأ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻟإ
ﺔﯾﻟﺎﻐﻟا ﻲﺗﺟوز يدﻻوأ مأ ﻰﻟإ
ﺗﻟا ردﺎﺑ ﻲ ﺗ ﺈﺑ ﻲﻧ ﻬﻣﺎﻣﺗﻫ ﺎ
ﻬﻣﻋدو ﺎ ﻬﻌﯾﺟﺷﺗو ﺎ
ﻲﻓدﻫ قﻘﺣﻷ لﺻاوﺗﻣﻟا
ﻰﻟا أ يدﻻو مﻬظﻔﺣ ءازﻋﻻا ﷲا
: سﻧوﯾ ،رﯾﺑﻋ ،رﺛوﻛ
ﻲﺗوﺧإ ﻰﻟإ ،
ﻲﺗاوﺧأ مﻫدﻻوأ لﻛو
ءازﻋﻷا
ﻟإ نود ﺔﺑﯾﺑﺣﻟا ﻲﺗﻠﺋﺎﻋ دارﻓأ لﻛ ﻰ ا
.ءﺎﻧﺛﺗﺳ
و ﻲﻧﻣﻠﻋ نﻣ لﻛ ﻰﻟإ .ﺔﯾﻣﻠﻌﻟا ﻲﺗﺎﯾﺣ راوﺷﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻓرﺣ وﻟ
ﻟإ * ﻰ و ﺢﻓﺎﻛﯾ نﻣ لﻛ أ نﻣ دﻫﺎﺟﯾ
.مﻠﻌﻟا بﻠط لﺟ
اوﻬﺳ ﻲﻣﻠﻗ نﻣ طﻘﺳ نﻣ لﻛ ﻰﻟإ .
لـﻣﻌﻟا اذـﻫ يدﻫأ ءﻻؤﻫ لﻛ ﻰﻟإ وﺟرأ يذﻟا ﻊﺿاوﺗﻣﻟا
ا .ﷲا نذﺈﺑ ﺎﻘﻓوﻣ نوﻛﯾ نأ
ثﺣﺑﻟا صﺧﻠﻣ
ثﺣﺑﻟا صﺧﻠﻣ
نﻣ ،رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻠﻟ لﺑﺎﻘﻟا يرﺎﻘﻌﻟا ءﺎﻋوﻟا دﻌﯾ ﺔﯾﻣﻧﺗﻟا رﺻﺎﻧﻋ مﻫأ
ﺔﯾرﺿﺣﻟا :
ﻊﺳوﺗﻓ ءاوﺳ ،ﺔﻧﯾدﻣ يأ أ
اددﻣﺗ نﺎﻛ
ﺎﺑ دﻣﺗﻌﯾ ،ةرﻏﺎﺷﻟا ﺎﻬﺋازﺟأ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻔﯾﺛﻛﺗ وأ ،فارطﻷا وﺣﻧ ضرأ ﺔﻌﻗر رﻓوﺗ ىدﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻟوﻷا ﺔﺟردﻟ
ﺔﺋﯾﻬﺗﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ
لﻛﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺑﻣﻟا ﺎﻬﯾﻠﻋ ﻰﻧﺑﺗ نأ لﺟأ نﻣ كﻟذو ،رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻟاو ﺎﻬﻟﺎﻛﺷأو ﺎﻬﻋاوﻧأ
) ﺔﯾﻋﺎﻧﺻ ،ﺔﯾﺗﺎﻣدﺧ ،ﺔﯾﻧﻛﺳ (...
ﺄﯾﻬﺗو ،
ﺎﻬﯾﻠﻋ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا تاءﺎﺿﻔﻟا )
تﺎﺣﺎﺳﻟا ،قرطﻟا تﺎﻛﺑﺷ فﻗوﺗﻟاو بﻌﻠﻟا تﺎﺣﺎﺳﻣ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا
..
(.
، نﺎﻛﺳﻟا تﺎﺟﺎﯾﺗﺣﻻ ﺔﯾﺑﻠﺗ
ﺎﺟﺗﺳاو ﺔﯾﺋﺎﺿﻔﻟا ﺔﺑ
ﺔﯾﺳﻔﻧﻟاو ﺔﯾﻔﯾظوﻟا مﻬﺗﺎﺑﻏرﻟ .
رﯾﻏ نأ صﺋﺎﺻﺧ ﺎﻬﺗﯾﻛﻠﻣ ﺔﻌﯾﺑطﺛﯾﺣ نﻣ ﻲﺿارﻻا ﻩذﻫ
، ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟا ﺎﻬﺗﻣﯾﻗ
، ،ﺎﻬﯾﻓارﻏوﺑط ،ﺎﻬﺗﺑﻼﺻ
ﺎﻬﻌﻗوﻣ
و ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻣادﺧﺗﺳا ،
رﺛؤﺗ ةرﺷﺎﺑﻣ ﺔﻘﯾرطﺑ و
ﻰﻠﻋ ةرﺷﺎﺑﻣ رﯾﻏ لﯾﻛﺷﺗﻟا
فﻠﺗﺧﻣ اذﻛو ﻪﺗﺎﺑﻛرﻣ لﻛﺑ ،ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻠﻟ ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا
ﻲﻧﺎﻛﻣ زﯾﺣ لﻛ ﺎﻬﯾدؤﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا راودﻷاو فﺋﺎظوﻟا .
ﺎﻣﻠﻋ ةرﺎﺑﻋ وﻫ ﺔﻧﯾدﻣ يﻷ ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا ﺞﯾﺳﻧﻠﻟ مﺎﻌﻟا لﻛﺷﻟا نأ ﻣﺎظﻧ نﻋ
نوﻛﻣ ﻧﻣ ﺔﻋوﻣﺟﻣﻧﻣ رﺻﺎﻧﻌﻟﺎ
ﺔﯾﻧﺑﻣﻟا
و رﯾﻏ ﻟا ،ﺔﯾﻧﺑﻣ ﺎﺷﺗﻣ ،ﺔﻘﺻﻼﺗﻣو ﺔﻣﺣﺗﻠﻣ ،ﺔطﺑارﺗﻣو ﺔﻛﺑ ﻰﻟا نﺎﯾﺣﻻا ضﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ لﺻﯾ يذﻟا سﻓﺎﻧﺗﻟا نﻣ وﺟ ﺎﻫدوﺳﯾ
فﻠﺗﺧﻣ نﯾﺑ عرﺎﺻﺗ ﻟا
تﺎﻧوﻛﻣ ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا ﺞﯾﺳﻧﻠﻟ ﺔﯾدﻋﺎﻘﻟا ةدﺣوﻟا لﻛﺷﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ، .
دوﻌﯾو سﻓﺎﻧﺗﻟا اذﻫ ﺄﺷﻧﻣو بﺑﺳ نﯾﺑ
تاءﺎﺿﻔﻟا فﻠﺗﺧﻣ إ
ﻰﻟ دﺧﺗﺳا ﺔﯾﻋوﻧ ضرﻷا تﺎﻣا
) ﺦﻟا ،ﺔﯾﻬﯾﻓرﺗ ،ﺔﯾﻧﻛﺳ .(
.
تءﺎﺟ ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا ءﺎﺿﻔﻟا لﯾﻛﺷﺗ ﺔﯾﻠﻣﻋ نﺄﺑ ﺎﻧﻣﻠﻋ ﻊﻣ ﺔﺟﯾﺗﻧ
تاودأو ،مﻛﺣ ﺔﻣظﻧأو ،ﺔﻔﻠﺗﺧﻣ تﺎﻌﻣﺗﺟﻣ بﻗﺎﻌﺗ
رﯾﯾﺳﺗ ،ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ نﻣ ﺔﻠﯾوط ةرﺗﻓ لﻼﺧ ترﯾﻐﺗ إ ثﯾﺣ
،ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا لﯾﻛﺷﺗﻟا طﻣﻧ ﻲﻓ نﯾﻌﻣ رﯾﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻟ رﺻﻧﻋ لﻛ ن
ةددﻌﺗﻣﻟا لﻣاوﻌﻟا كﻠﺗ نﻣ لﻣﺎﻋ لﻛ نأ ﺎﻣﻛ صﺎﺧ عوﻧ نﻣ رﯾﺛﺄﺗو ﺔﯾﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻪﻟ
...
ﺎﻬﻧﯾﺑ نﻣ ﺔﻌﯾﺑط
ﻟا ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣ ﻟا ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌ
ﻲﺗﻟا زﺎﺗﻣﺗ ﺎﻬﻧوﻛ ﺎﻣٍا ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣ
ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣ وأ .
ﺎﻧﻟوﺎﺣ عوﺿوﻣﻟا اذﻫ لﻼﺧ نﻣ ىدﻣ رﺎﻬظاو فﺷﻛ
ﺔﯾﻔﯾﻛو ﻲﺿارﻸﻟ ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟا ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا ﺔﻌﯾﺑطرﯾﺛﺄﺗ
،ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻠﻟ ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا لﻛﺷﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻧﺑﻠﻟﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا كﻟذو
ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻠﻟ مﺎﻌﻟا لﻛﺷﻟا نﻣ ﺎﻗﻼطﻧا و
ﺔﯾﺳﺎﺳﻷا تﺎﻧوﻛﻣﻟا ﻰﻟا ﻻوﺻو
ﻟ ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا ﺞﯾﺳﻧﻠ ﺎﻬﻟ
، ﻠﺛﻣﺗﻣﻟاو ﺔ ﻲﻓ ) ﺟﻟا ﯾز ،تار ةرﺣﻟا تاءﺎﺿﻔﻟاو تﺎﯾﺎﻧﺑﻟا ،تﺎﻗرطﻟا (
. ﺔﻧﯾدﻣ ﺎﻧذﺧأ دﻗو ﺔﻟﺎﺣﻛ ﺔﻠﯾﺳﻣﻟا
ﺔﺳارد ﺑ ﻊﺗﻣﺗﺗ ﺎﻬﻧوﻛﻟ رﻓاو ﻼﻘﺣ نوﻛﺗ نأ نﻛﻣﯾ تازﯾﻣﻣ
ا ﺔﻠﺛﻣﻷ ةددﻌﺗﻣ ﺎﻧﺛﺣﺑ عوﺿوﻣﻟ .
ﺔﻟادﻟا تﺎﻣﻠﻛﻟا :
لﻛﺷﻟا ،ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا
لﯾﻛﺷﺗﻟا ، ضرﻻا ،ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟاﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا ،يرﺿﺣﻟﺎﺟﯾﺳﻧﻟا ،ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا
ﯾرﺿﺣﻟا ﺔ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻠﻟ .
ثﺣﺑﻟا صﺧﻠﻣ
Résumé
L’assiette foncière à urbaniser est l’un des plus importants éléments du développement urbain : la croissance de toutes les villes, qu’elle soit étendue vers les banlieues ou densifiée en occupant les terrains vierges dépend, en amont, de la disponibilité des superficies foncières constructibles et urbanisables. Et ce, afin d’y construire des bâtiments de tous types et de toutes formes (résidentiels, de service, industriels ...), et d'y aménager des espaces publics (réseaux routiers, places publiques, aires de jeux, parking, etc.). Ces divers aménagements et constructions seront conçus pour répondre aux besoins sociospatiaux, fonctionnels et psychologiques de la population.
Les caractéristiques des terrains fonciers, de par leur nature, leur valeur immobilière, leur topographie, leur solidité, leur localisation et leurs utilisations, affectent directement ou indirectement la composition urbaine de la ville, et ce, à travers ses composantes construites et non construites, ainsi que les différentes fonctions et rôles joués par chaque espace.
La configuration générale des tissus urbains des différentes villes est assimilée à un système composé d'un ensemble d'éléments construits et non construits, mélangés, agencés, dépendants et parfois indépendants, contigus et assemblés. Ces diverses caractéristiques génèrent une sorte de concurrence qui mène parfois à une compétitivité entre les différentes composantes qui forment l'unité de base du tissu urbain. La raison et l’origine de cette concurrence entre les différents espaces reviennent à la nature et à la qualité des usages des espaces (zone résidentielle, zone de récréation, etc.).
Le processus de formation de l’espace urbain est le résultat d’une succession des différentes sociétés ancestrales, des systèmes de gouvernance et des outils de gestion qui ont changé au cours de la longue période de l’histoire de la ville. Chaque élément a eu un certain effet authentique sur le modèle d’urbanisation. En plus, chacun de ces multiples facteurs d’urbanisation avait une certaine efficacité et un effet particulier. Parmi ces facteurs, nous citons la nature juridique des terrains qu’elle soit de nature privée (propriétés privées) ou de nature publique (propriétés communales ou domaniales).
Par cette recherche, nous avons essayé d’illustrer et de montrer combien et comment le facteur de la nature juridique des terrains urbanisables engendre un impact capital sur la forme urbaine. Et ce, en analysant en premier lieu la configuration générale de la ville puis les composantes fondamentales des tissus urbains à savoir : les ilots urbains, la voirie, les bâtiments et les espaces libres). La ville de M’sila a été choisie comme cas d’étude vu ses multiples spécificités qui constituent un champ riche pour la recherche.
Mots – clés : Ville, forme urbaine,composition urbaine, tissu urbain, nature juridique, terrains urbanisables.
ثﺣﺑﻟا صﺧﻠﻣ
Abstract
The land base to be urbanized is one of the most important elements of urban development:
the growth of all cities, whether extended to the suburbs or densified by occupying the virgin lands, depends, upstream, on the availability of land that can be built and urbanized. And this, in order to build buildings of all types and forms (residential, service, industrial ...), and to develop public realms (road networks, public squares, playgrounds, parking, etc.). These various developments and constructions will be designed to meet the sociospatial, functional and psychological needs of the population.
The characteristics of land, by their nature, real estate value, topography, solidity, location and use, directly or indirectly affect the urban design of the city, through its built and unbuilt components, as well as the different functions and roles played by each space.
The general configuration of the urban fabrics of the different cities is assimilated to a system composed of a set of built and unbuilt elements, mixed, arranged, dependent and sometimes independent, contiguous and assembled. These various characteristics generate a kind of competition that sometimes leads to competitiveness between the different components that form the basic unit of the urban fabric. The reason and the origin of this competition between the different spaces comes back to the nature and quality of the uses of the spaces (residential area, recreation area, etc.).
The process of formation of urban space is the result of a series of different inherited societies, governance systems and management tools that have changed over the long period of the city's history. Each element has had some authentic effect on the urbanization model. In addition, each of these multiple factors of urbanization had a certain efficiency and a particular effect. Among these factors, we cite the legal nature of land that is private (private property) or public (communal or public property).
Through this research, we have tried to illustrate and show how the factor of the legal nature of urbanized land generates a capital impact on the urban form. And this, by analyzing in the first place the general configuration of the city and the basic components of urban fabrics namely: urban blocks, roads, buildings and open spaces). The city of M'sila has been chosen as a case study given its many specificities that constitute a rich field for research.
Keywords: City, urban form, urban composition, urban fabric, legal nature, urbanized land.
ﻊﯾﺿاوﻣﻟا سرﻬﻓ
ناوــﻧـﻌﻟا
ﺔﺣﻔﺻﻟا
و ثﺣﺑﻟا مﯾدﻘﺗ :لوﻷا لﺻﻔﻟا أ
ﺔﯾﺟﻬﻧﻣﻟا ﻪﺳﺳ
ﺔـــﻣدـﻘﻣ
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ﺔﯾﻟﺎﻛﺷﻹا
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ﯾﺿرﻔﻟا ﺔ
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رﻟا تارﯾﻐﺗﻣﻟا ثﺣﺑﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﺳﯾﺋ
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أ ﺔﺳاردﻟا ﺔﯾﻣﻫ
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اررﺑﻣ ت عوﺿوﻣﻟا رﺎﯾﺗﺧا
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أ ثﺣﺑﻟا فادﻫ
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و ﺔﻌﺑﺗﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺟﻬﻧﻣﻟا ﺔﻠﻣﻌﺗﺳﻣﻟا ثﺣﺑﻟا تﺎﯾﻧﻘﺗ
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ثﺣﺑﻟا رﺎطإ دﯾدﺣﺗ
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دﯾدﺣﺗ ﻹا ط ﻲﻧﺎﻛﻣﻟا رﺎ
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دﯾدﺣﺗ ﻹا رﺎط ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﻟا
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دﯾدﺣﺗ ﻹا رﺎط ﻲﻋوﺿوﻣﻟا
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ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻠﻟ ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا لﯾﻛﺷﺗﻟا
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ا ﺞﯾﺳﻧﻟا ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟ
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ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا لﻛﺷﻟا
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ءﺎﻧﺑﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻲﺿارﻻا
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ثﺣﺑﻟا ﺔﻠﻛﯾﻫ
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ثﺣﺑﻟا ﺔﺻﻼﺧ
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ﺟارﻣ ثﺣﺑﻟا ﻊ
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لﺻﻔﻟا ندـﻣﻟا طـﯾطﺧﺗ تﺎـﯾرظﻧ :ﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟا
لــﺧدـﻣ
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ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا فﯾرﻌﺗ
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بﺎﺑﺳأ ءوﺷﻧ ندﻣﻟا
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ﻊﻗوﻣ ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﺎﻬﺗﯾﻣﻫأو
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ﻊﯾﺿاوﻣﻟا سرﻬﻓ
طﺧﺗﻟا ﯾ يرﺿﺣﻟا ط
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ندﻣﻟا طﯾطﺧﺗ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ
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طﯾطﺧﺗ ندﻣﻟا
دﻼﯾﻣﻟا لﺑﻗ ﺔﯾﺑروﻻا
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طﯾطﺧﺗ ندﻣﻟا
ﺔﯾﺑروﻻا ﻰطﺳوﻟا روﺻﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ
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طﯾطﺧﺗ ندﻣﻟا
ﺔﺿﻬﻧﻟا رﺻﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﺑروﻻا
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طﯾطﺧﺗ ندﻣﻟا
ﻲﻓ ثارﺗﻟا ﻲﺑرﻌﻟا ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹا
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تﺎﯾرظﻧ طﯾطﺧﺗ
ندﻣﻟا
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﺔﯾطﺧﻟا
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ﺔﯾﺟذوﻣﻧﻟا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﻠﯾﻣﺟﻟا ندﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﯾﻘﺋادﺣﻟا ندﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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لﻣﺎﻛﺗﻣﻟا ﻲﻧﻛﺳﻟا ﻲﺣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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رظﻧ ﯾﺔ دﻣﻟا ﯾ ﺔﻧ ﻋﺎﻧﺻﻟا ﯾﺔ
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ﻊﺑاوﺗﻟا ندﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ ﺔﻧﯾدﻣ دﻐﻟا
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ﺔﯾﻟﺎﺛﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﯾﻧﻛﺳﻟا ةروﺎﺟﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ كوﻠﺑﻟا رﯾﺑﻛﻟا
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ﺔﻌﺳاوﻟا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ ﻊﺳوﺗﻟا ﺑﺷﻟا ﻲﻛ
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ ﺎﯾﻼﺧﻟا ﺔﯾﺳادﺳﻟا
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ دﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﯾ ﺔﯾوﺿﻌﻟا
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ﺔﯾرطﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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رظﻧ ﺔﺛﯾدﺣﻟا ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺗﻟا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﺔﯾ
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ﺔﯾزﻛرﻣﻟا نﻛﺎﻣﻷا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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لﺑﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟا ندﻣ ءﺎﻧﺑو طﯾطﺧﺗ روطﺗ ﻲﻓ تﺎﯾرظﻧ
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لﺻﻔﻟا ﺔﺻﻼﺧ
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لﺻﻔﻟا ﻊﺟارﻣ
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ﻊﯾﺿاوﻣﻟا سرﻬﻓ
لﺻﻔﻟا ثﻟﺎﺛﻟا يرﺿﺣﻟا لﺎﺟﻣﻠﻟ ﻲﻔﯾظوﻟا بﯾﻛرﺗﻟا تﺎﯾرظﻧ : .
لــﺧدـﻣ
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ﺔﯾرظﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﺟوﻟوﻛﯾﻻا
ﺔﯾﻛﯾﺳﻼﻛﻟا
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ﺔﯾزﻛرﻣﻟا رﺋاودﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ وﺑﺎﺷ
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عﺎطﻘﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ةددﻌﺗﻣﻟا تﺎﯾوﻧﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ لﻛﺷ ﺔﻣﺟﻧﻟا
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ لﯾﻠﺣﺗﻟا جردﺗﻣﻟا
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تﺎﯾﻠﻣﻌﻟا ﺔﯾﺟوﻟوﻛﯾﻻا
يرﺿﺣﻟا رﯾﻐﺗﻟاو
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تﺗﺷﺗﻟاو زﻛرﺗﻟا
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ﺔﯾزﻛرﻣﻟا ﯾزﻛرﻣﻼﻟاو
ﺔ
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لﺻﻔﻟا وأ لزﻌﻟا
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وزﻐﻟا لﻼﺗﺣﻻاو
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تﺎﻫﺎﺟﺗﻻا ﺔﯾﺟوﻟوﻛﯾﻹا
ﺔﺛﯾدﺣﻟا
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ﺔﯾرظﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﺟوﻟوﻛﯾﻹا
ﺔﺛدﺣﻣﻟا
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و ﺔﺋﯾﺑﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ ﻲﻠﺣﻣﻟا ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا
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ظﻧ ﻊﻣﺗﺟﻣﻟا ﻊﺳوﺗو ةرﺟﻬﻟا ﺔﯾر
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ﻲﺟوﻟوﻛﯾﻻا بﻛرﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﻓﺎﻘﺛ وﯾﺳوﺳﻟا ﺔﯾرظ
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يرﺿﺣﻟا ﻊﻗاوﻟا رﯾﺳﻔﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟا تارﯾﻐﺗﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ا مﯾﻘﻟا ﺔﯾﻣﻫأ ﺔﯾرظﻧ ﺔﯾرﺿﺣﻟا ضرﻷا مادﺧﺗﺳا دﯾدﺣﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟ
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ﻲﻧﺎﻛﻣﻟا لزﻌﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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ﺔﯾرظﻧﻟا ﺔﯾﺳﻛرﺎﻣﻟا
ﺔﺛدﺣﻣﻟا
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ﺔﯾرظﻧ بﺎطﻗأ وﻣﻧﻟا
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ﺔﯾرظﻧﻟا جذﺎﻣﻧﻟا ﺔﺳاردﻟ
و يرﺎـﻘﻌﻟا رـﻌﺳﻟا يرﺿﺣﻟا لﺎﺟﻣﻟا لﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳا
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ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺗﻟا ﻊﯾرﻟا ﺔﯾرظﻧو ﺔﯾﻛﯾﺳﻼﻛﻟا ﺔﺳردﻣﻟا
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ﻊﯾﺿاوﻣﻟا سرﻬﻓ
ﻊﯾرﻟا) ضرﻷا ﺔﻌﻔﻧﻣ ﺔﯾرظﻧو ﺔﺛﯾدﺣﻟا ﺔﯾﻛﯾﺳﻼﻛﻟا ﺔﺳردﻣﻟا (
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وﻐﻧﯾو نودوﻟ جذوﻣﻧ
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وﺳﻧوﻟا مﺎﯾﻟو جذوﻣﻧ
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يرﺿﺣﻟا ضرﻷا دﺎﺻﺗﻗﻻ ﺔﯾﻛﯾرﻣﻷا ﺔﺳردﻣﻟا
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درﺎﻫ درﺎﺷﺗﯾر جذوﻣﻧ
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يﺎﻫ ياروﻣ رﯾﺑور جذوﻣﻧ
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ﺔﯾﻋﺎﻣﺗﺟﻻا ﺔﺳردﻣﻟا
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يرﺎﻘﻌﻟا قوﺳﻟا صﻘﻧ ﺔﯾرظﻧ
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يﺎﻓروﺗ فﻟار جذوﻣﻧ
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فﯾﻠﻛﺗار درﺎﺷﯾر جذوﻣﻧ
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دﻧاو لوﺑ جذوﻣﻧ
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رﺎﯾﺎﻣ جذوﻣﻧ
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نزوﻛ نوﺳﯾدﺎﻣ جذوﻣﻧ
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لﻣاوﻌﻟا ﺔﻠﻛﺷﻣﻟا
ضرﻷا نﻣﺛﻟ
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ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ضرﻷا رﻌﺳ دﯾدﺣﺗو لﺎﺟﻣﻟا لﻣﺎﻋ
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ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ضرﻷا رﻌﺳ دﯾدﺣﺗ و نﻣزﻟا لﻣﺎﻋ
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ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ضرﻷا رﻌﺳ دﯾدﺣﺗ و لﻘﻧﻟا لﻣﺎﻋ
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لﻣﺎﻋ و ﻲﻠﺣﻣﻟا خﺎﻧﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ضرﻷا رﻌﺳ دﯾدﺣﺗ
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90
ﺔﺻﻼﺧ لﺻﻔﻟا
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90
ﻊﺟارﻣ لﺻﻔﻟا
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94
لـﺻﻔﻟا :ﻊﺑارﻟا
ضرﻷا مادـﺧﺗﺳا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ
لﺧدﻣ
...
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96
ﺔﻣﺎﻋ مﯾﻫﺎﻔﻣ
...
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96
ﺔﯾﺋﺎﻧﺗ ضرﻷا ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟاو
...
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. ...
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96
ضرﻷا مﯾﺳﻘﺗ
...
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96
كوﻠﺑﻟا
...
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97
ضرﻷا ﺔﻌطﻗ
...
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97
ﺔﯾﻧﻛﺳﻟا ﺔﻠﺗﻛﻟا
...
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97
ﺔﯾﻧﻛﺳﻟا ةروﺎﺟﻣﻟا
...
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97
ﻊﯾﺿاوﻣﻟا سرﻬﻓ
ﻲﺣﻟا
...
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97
ﻲﺣاوﺿﻟا
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98
ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ضرأ تﺎﻣادﺧﺗﺳا (تﻻﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳا وأ)
...
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98
ضرﻷا تﺎﻣادﺧﺗﺳا ﺔﺳارد ﺔﯾﻣﻫأ
...
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99
طﯾطﺧﺗ مادﺧﺗﺳا
ضرﻷا
..
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99
ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ضرﻷا لﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳا ﺔطﯾرﺧ
...
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100
تاررﺑﻣ طﯾطﺧﺗ
مادﺧﺗﺳا ضرﻷا
...
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100
ضرﻷا مادﺧﺗﺳا طﯾطﺧﺗ فادﻫأ
...
..
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...
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100
ضرﻷا تﺎﻣادﺧﺗﺳا طﯾطﺧﺗ ﻲﻓ مﻛﺣﺗﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا لﻣاوﻌﻟا
...
. ...
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100
لﻣاوﻌﻟا ﻲﺗﻟا
رﺛؤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ تﻻﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳا طﯾطﺧﺗ ﻲﺿارﻷا
...
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101
رطﺎﺧﻣ ﺔﯾﺋاوﺷﻋ
لﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳا ﻲﺿارﻷا
...
..
..
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102
ضﻗﺎﻧﺗ عرﺎﺳﺗو تﻻﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳا ﻲﺿارﻷا
...
..
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102
ضرﻷا مادﺧﺗﺳا ﻰﻠﻋ ةرطﯾﺳﻟا لﺋﺎﺳوو تﺎﯾﻟآ
...
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...
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103
ضرﻸﻟ لﺛﻣﻷا لﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳﻻا
...
...
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103
ضرﻷا تﻻﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳا نﯾﻧﻘﺗو مﯾظﻧﺗ ﺔﯾﻣﻫأ
...
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104
ظﻣ ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻟا ﻲﻓ ضرﻷا مادﺧﺗﺳا رﻫﺎ
...
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. ....
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105
ﺔﻔﻠﺗﺧﻣﻟا ﺎﻬﻋاوﻧﺄﺑ ﺔﯾرﺎﺟﺗﻟا ﺔطﺷﻧﻷا
...
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105
ﯾﻋﺎﻧﺻﻟا ﺔﻘطﻧﻣﻟا ﺔ
...
...
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...
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106
قرطﻟا تﻼﺻاوﻣﻟاو
...
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...
108
ﻌﺗﺳا تﻻﺎﻣ ضرﻷا ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﻣدﺧﻠﻟ
...
...
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108
ىرﺧا تﻻﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳﻻا
...
...
...
109
ﺎﻣﻌﺗﺳﻻا تﻻ
ﺔﯾﻧﻛﺳﻟا
...
...
...
109
لﯾﻠﺣﺗﻟا ﻲﻧﺎﻛﻣﻟا
...
...
...
116
لﯾﻠﺣﺗﻟا موﻬﻔﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻛﻣﻟا
...
...
...
116
ﺔﯾﺟﻬﻧﻣ لﯾﻠﺣﺗﻟا
ﻲﻧﺎﻛﻣﻟا
...
...
...
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117
مﯾﯾﻘﺗ ﺔﻣﺋﻼﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﻧﺎﻛﻣﻟا
ضرﻸﻟ ﺔﯾرﺿﺣﻟا
...
...
. ..
...
118
لﺻﻔﻟا ﺔﺻﻼﺧ
...
...
...
...
119
لﺻﻔﻟا ﻊﺟارﻣ
...
...
...
121
ﻊﯾﺿاوﻣﻟا سرﻬﻓ
لﺻﻔﻟا سﻣﺎﺧﻟا :
رﺋازﺟﻟا ﻲﻓ يرﺿﺣﻟا لﺎﺟﻣﻟا مﯾظﻧﺗ تﺎﯾﻟآو رطأ
لﺧدﻣ
...
...
...
...
..
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126
مﯾﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
126
ﺔﺋﯾﻬﺗﻟا
...
...
...
...
126
ﺔﯾرﺿﺣﻟا ﺔﺋﯾﻬﺗﻟا
...
...
...
...
...
..
127
رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻟا
...
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...
...
...
128
نوﻧﺎﻗ رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻟا
....
...
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...
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129
ﺔﺋﯾﺑﻟا ﺔﯾرﺿﺣﻟا
...
...
...
...
...
129
ﺔﯾﻣﻧﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﻧارﻣﻌﻟا ﺔﻣادﺗﺳﻣﻟا
...
.....
...
...
...
129
رﯾﯾﺳﺗﻟا ﻲﻧارﻣﻌﻟا
...
.....
...
...
...
...
130
نﯾﻧاوﻗ رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻟاو ﺔﺋﯾﻬﺗﻟا رﺋازﺟﻟا ﻲﻓ
...
..
....
.. ....
...
...
...
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130
لﺑﻗ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻟوﻷا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا 1962
...
...
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...
...
..
...
130
ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟا تﺎطﺎﯾﺗﺣﻻاو فﯾﻔﺻﺗﻟا ططﺧﻣ
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.
130
تازﯾﻬﺟﺗﻟا ﺔﻛﺑﺷ
...
...
...
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...
...
...
..
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131
نﻣ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺛﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻏ ﻰﻟا 1962
1990
...
. ...
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133
دﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺔﺛﻟﺎﺛﻟا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻟا 1990
...
...
...
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134
و ﺔﺋﯾﻬﺗﻠﻟ ﻲﻬﯾﺟوﺗﻟا ططﺧﻣﻟا رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻟا
...
...
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..
...
..
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...
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135
ضرﻻا لﻐﺷ ططﺧﻣ
...
...
...
...
....
137
نوﻧﺎﻘﻟا مﻗر / 06 ﺔﻣادﺗﺳﻣ ﺔﯾﻧارﻣﻋ ﺔﯾﻣﻧﺗﻟ رﺎطا 06
...
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139
ﺎﻫزﺎﺟﻧا مﺎﻣﺗ ٕاو تﺎﯾﺎﻧﺑﻟا ﺔﻘﺑﺎطﻣ نوﻧﺎﻗ ﻟ ةادأ
نﯾﺳﺣﺗ ﺔﻧﯾدﻣﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﻣﺟﻟا رﻬظﻣﻟا
...
. ...
..
140
(تادﺎﻬﺷﻟاو صﺧرﻟا )رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻟا دوﻘﻋ
...
...
...
...
...
....
.
144
صﺧرﻟا ﺔﯾﻧارﻣﻌﻟا
...
. ...
...
...
...
.
144
ﺔﺋزﺟﺗﻟا ﺔﺻﺧر
...
...
...
...
....
...
...
...
...
.
145
ءﺎﻧﺑﻟا ﺔﺻﺧر
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.
147
مدﻬﻟا ﺔﺻﺧر
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
. ...
148
تادﺎﻬﺷﻟا
ﺔﯾﻧارﻣﻌﻟا
...
.... ...
...
...
.
148
. مﯾﺳﻘﺗﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ
...
...
...
...
...
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149
. رﯾﻣﻌﺗﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ
...
...
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...
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149
. ﺔﻘﺑﺎطﻣﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ
...
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...
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150
ﻊﯾﺿاوﻣﻟا سرﻬﻓ
ﺔــﺻﻼﺧ لــﺻﻔﻟا
...
..
...
...
151
ﻊﺟارﻣ لــﺻﻔﻟا
...
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. ...
...
153
لﺻﻔﻟا سدﺎﺳﻟا :
رﺋازﺟﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟا ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا مﺎظﻧ .
لﺧدﻣ
...
.... ...
...
...
158
ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا
...
...
...
...
...
158
رﺎﻘﻌﻟا
...
...
...
...
...
...
158
رﺎﻘﻌﻟا يرﺿﺣﻟا
...
...
...
...
...
...
158
عاوﻧأ نوﻧﺎﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ تارﺎﻘﻌﻟا
...
...
...
...
....
...
159
ﺎﻬﺗﻌﯾﺑطﺑ تارﺎﻘﻌﻟا
...
...
...
....
...
...
159
ﺎﻬﻌﺿوﻣ بﺳﺣﺑ تارﺎﻘﻌﻟا
...
...
...
...
....
...
159
صﯾﺻﺧﺗﻟﺎﺑ تارﺎﻘﻌﻟا
...
...
...
....
...
...
159
ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا قﺣ
...
...
...
...
...
...
160
تﺎطﻠﺳ ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا
ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟا ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻟا
...
.... ...
...
161
عﺎﻔﺗﻧﻻا قﺣ
...
...
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...
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161
لﻼﻐﺗﺳﻻا قﺣ
...
.... ...
..
...
. ....
...
161
فرﺻﺗﻟا قﺣ
...
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...
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162
صﺋﺎﺻﺧ ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا
ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟا ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻟا
...
...
...
....
...
...
162
ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ قﺣ
...
.... ...
...
...
162
مﺋاد قﺣ ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا
...
.... ..
....
...
...
...
...
162
قﻠطﻣ قﺣ تﺳﯾﻟ ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا
...
.... . ...
...
...
...
162
قرط بﺎﺳﺗﻛا ﺔﯾﻛﻠﻣﻟا
ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟا
...
...
...
...
...
.
....
163
ةزﺎﯾﺣﻟا
...
.... ...
...
...
163
ءﻼﺗﺳﻻا
...
.... ...
...
....
...
163
قﺎﺻﺗﻟﻻا
...
.... ...
...
...
163
ثارﯾﻣﻟا
...
.... .
...
...
...
163
ﺔﯾﺻوﻟا
...
.... ...
...
...
164
ﺔﻌﻔﺷﻟا
...
.. ...
...
...
...
164
دﻘﻌﻟا
...
.... .
...
...
164
ﻣﻟا مﺎظﻧ رﺋازﺟﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾرﺎﻘﻌﻟا ﺔﯾﻛﻠ
...
...
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