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HAL Id: inria-00073759

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073759

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub-

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Using Versions in Update Transactions

François Llirbat, Eric Simon, Dimitri Tombroff

To cite this version:

François Llirbat, Eric Simon, Dimitri Tombroff. Using Versions in Update Transactions. [Research

Report] RR-2940, INRIA. 1996. �inria-00073759�

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a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Using Versions in Update Transactions

Francois Llirbat, Eric Simon, Dimitri Tombroff

N 2940

Juillet 1996

PROGRAMME 1

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(17)

abort

time = 40 ts

commit

time = 10 time = 20 insert into Order

insert into LineItem

read Totals_cust read x in Totals_item

update x in Totals_item

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(18)

Transaction Table

Exclusive semaphore on lock queue

Queue of lock requests Lock header

Exclusive semaphore on hash chain Lock hash table

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Outline

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